September 20 in History

Wins the Battle of Fulford & occupies York

Edwin of Mercia joins Morcar in resisting the Norwegian advance near Fulford

Morcar of Northumbria commands English forces against Harald Hardrada at Fulford

Morcar helps command the English line at Fulford against the combined forces of Harald Hardrada and Tostig.

Harald defeats the forces of Edwin and Morcar at Fulford, opening the way to the submission of York.

Edwin survives the defeat at Fulford and withdraws as the Norwegian victory places York under immediate pressure.

Occupies York after success at the Battle of Fulford

Morcar survives the defeat at Fulford as York faces the consequences of the Norwegian victory.

Danish-backed rebels seize York and destroy Norman positions, creating the most dangerous northern challenge to William.

Absolved by the papal legate, Gaulo, for having taken up arms against Henry III

Signs a Treaty allowing English occupation of le Havre for supporting the Huguenots

Signs a Treaty with the Huguenot Louis de Bourbon. A Treaty allows English occupation in return for support of the Huguenots

Signs a Treaty allowing English occupation of le Havre for supporting the Huguenots

Elizabeth agrees to occupy Le Havre in return for supporting the Huguenots

Conde accepts English support and offers Le Havre as security

Signs a Treaty with the Huguenot Louis de Bourbon. A Treaty allows English occupation in return for support of the Huguenots

Babington & his 5 associates are executed

Plans to free Mary & rally Catholic support for Spanish invasion. Plans to assassinate Elizabeth

The Covenanters capture Berwick

The Covenanters capture Berwick

The Covenanters capture Berwick

Louis XIV accepts the peace settlement at Ryswick, ending the Nine Years War with England, Spain and the Dutch Republic.

The Peace of Ryswick ends the Nine Years' War, and Louis XIV recognizes William III of Orange as the legitimate King of England.

Representatives conclude the Treaty of Ryswick, ending the Nine Years' War and securing international recognition of William III of Orange's English kingship.

The Allied investment of Mons begins after the victory at Malplaquet.

After the defeat at Culloden Moor escapes into exile in France

Leads 50,000 & halts the Prussian advance on Paris under the Duke of Brunswick

Occupies part of Moscow & writes to Tsar Alexander in Saint Petersburg offering peace

British forces recapture Delhi after prolonged fighting, ending Bahadur Shah II's effective leadership of the rebellion.

Wilhelm promulgates the law incorporating Prussia's defeated northern German opponents.

Prussian annexation legislation incorporates the Kingdom of Hanover.

The annexation law incorporates Hanover as a province of the Prussian monarchy.

Prussian annexation legislation incorporates the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel.

The annexation law incorporates Hesse-Kassel into the Prussian state.

The Peace of Prague confirms Prussian possession of Holstein before its provincial incorporation.

The annexation law incorporates Nassau and expands Prussia's western territory.

The Peace of Prague confirms Prussian possession of Schleswig before its provincial incorporation.

The peace leaves Austrian Silesia unchanged and rejects any territorial transfer to Prussia.

George V loses his throne when Prussia formally annexes the Kingdom of Hanover.

Bismarck directs legislation annexing Hanover, Hesse-Kassel, Nassau, Frankfurt, and other territories.

Wins the first federal election after Confederation.

Becomes the twenty-first President of the United States.

Takes the oath the day after Garfields death

Takes the presidential oath after Garfield's death.

Welcomes enactment of the South Africa Act by Britain.

Sees the constitutional framework for the Union receive royal assent.

Carden assumes command of the Eastern Mediterranean Squadron during the opening months of the First World War.

The Offensive is halted, the Russians had taken 450,000 prisoners but lost 1,000,000

The Russians had taken 450,000 prisoners but lost 1,000,000. The offensive is called off

Cromer informs Churchill the Commission will meet secretly & Churchill cannot examine

His programme remains associated with demands for military discipline.

Plumer uses limited objectives and heavy artillery support during the successful Menin Road attack.

Haig supports Plumer's limited-objective attack that gains ground along Menin Road Ridge.

Hodza's government initially rejected the Anglo-French territorial proposals as incompatible with national security.

Signs a secret decree legitimizing the murder of Germans deemed to be "incurably ill"

Joins up with the US forces at Salerno

Von Neumann visits Los Alamos and emphasises the large compression attainable by implosion, strengthening interest in the method.

Links up with the 5th Army & British 1st Airborne Division

The capture of Nijmegen bridges allows the ground advance to continue toward Arnhem.

Labor Relations Adjustment Law

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.

Appointed Deputy Prime Minister while retaining major military responsibilities

The SS Marion Lykes sailed from New Orleans early on September 20, 1959, carrying Oswald as one of four passengers.

Kasa-Vubu formally appoints the temporary College of Commissioners backed by Mobutu.

The United States and the Soviet Union sign a "Joint Statement of Agreed Principles for Disarmament Negotiations," the McCloy-Zorin Accords

The United States and the Soviet Union sign a "Joint Statement of Agreed Principles for Disarmament Negotiations," the McCloy-Zorin Accords

Begins the Lenart Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Paine arrived in New Orleans on September 20 to visit Marina and prepare for Marina and her child to return with her to Texas.

The crew assignments for Gemini 8 were announced with Neil Armstrong as Command Pilot with Pilot David Scott

The crew assignments for Gemini 8 were announced with Neil Armstrong as Command Pilot with Pilot David Scott

Fame tops the US singles chart, co-written by Bowie, John Lennon and guitarist Carlos Alomar.

Reaches number one in the United States with Fame, co-written with John Lennon and Carlos Alomar.

"Fame," a song from David Bowies Young Americans album, tops the US singles charts, it is cowritten by Bowie, John Lennon and guitarist Carlos Aloma

9 EC Foreign Minister's sign documents authorizing elections to a European Parliament

Heads the Italian government as the member states sign the act introducing direct European Parliament elections.

Heads the Irish government when member states establish direct European Parliament elections.

Supports the agreement enabling citizens to elect European Parliament representatives directly.

Supports the act establishing direct universal elections to the European Parliament.

9 EC Foreign Minister's sign documents authorizing elections to a European Parliament

Releases Long May You Run with Stephen Stills as the Stills-Young Band.

Anti-Vietnam Cambodian representatives retain international recognition after the fall of Phnom Penh

Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey

Rezaei becomes commander-in-chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps during the war

Begins a Far East visit to Hong Kong

Delivers the Bruges speech criticising centralising tendencies in Europe.

Thatcher delivers a major speech criticising European centralisation.

Begins the presidency that leads into constitutional negotiations.

Is inaugurated as State President at the Union Buildings.

French voters narrowly approved the Maastricht Treaty in a referendum backed by Mitterrand.

The Convention on Nuclear Safety opens for signature following international negotiation under IAEA auspices.

Large-scale defections from Khmer Rouge ranks begin

Releases the single, "Candle in the Wind" as a tribute to Princess Diana

Scores on his Arsenal debut in a 3-0 Premier League victory over Manchester United.

After 9/11 the phrase "Bush Doctrine" described the policy that the United States had the right to secure itself against countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups, which was used to justify the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan.

Bush declared that any nation continuing to harbour or support terrorism would be regarded by the United States as a hostile regime.

Every nation, in every region, now has a decision to make. Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists.

George Walker Bush announces the doctrine of pre-emptive military action, later termed the Bush Doctrine.

President Bush makes an an aggressive restatement of this principle in his address to a Joint Session of Congress, "We will pursue nations that provide aid or safe haven to terrorism.

Shortly after 11 September 2001 (on 20 September), Bush addressed a joint session of Congress (simulcast live to the world), and announced his new "War on Terror".

The "Bush Doctrine" phrase was first used by Charles Krauthammer in June 2001 to describe the Bush Administrations "unilaterally withdrawing from the ABM Treaty and rejecting the Kyoto protocol.

This announcement was accompanied by the doctrine of "pre-emptive" military action, later termed the Bush Doctrine.

President Bush addresses a joint session of the US Congress (which was simulcast live to the world), and announces his new "War on Terrorism". Announces the doctrine of pre-emptive military action, later termed the Bush Doctrine

George Walker Bush announces the doctrine of pre-emptive military action, later termed the Bush Doctrine.

President Bush addresses a joint session of the US Congress (which was simulcast live to the world), and announces his new "War on Terrorism."

Shortly after 11 September 2001 (on 20 September), Bush addressed a joint session of Congress (simulcast live to the world), and announced his new "War on Terror."

This announcement was accompanied by the doctrine of "pre-emptive" military action, later termed the Bush Doctrine.

The Bush Doctrine was used to indicate a willingness to unilaterally pursue US military interests.Some of these policies were codified in a National Security Council text entitled the National Security Strategy of the United States published on September 20, 2002. Announces the doctrine of pre-emptive military action, later termed the Bush Doctrine

G. Madhavan Nair leads ISRO when EDUSAT launches as India's first satellite built specifically to support distance education.

Wins another presidential election.

Remains in office amid growing opposition and regional unrest.

Leaves Chelsea by mutual consent after more than three successful seasons as manager.

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons opens for signature at United Nations Headquarters.

EU leaders criticise the Chequers plan at the Salzburg summit.

Wins another Liberal minority government.

Wins another Liberal minority government.

General election outcome recorded for Justin Trudeau: Wins another Liberal minority government.

Government context for this general election: Wins another Liberal minority government.

Opens Genesis's The Last Domino tour in Birmingham.

Performs with Genesis on The Last Domino tour in Birmingham.

The World Health Organization appoints Brown Ambassador for Global Health Financing.

Birth of Arthur of Brittany, eldest son of Henry VII

Prince Arthur, Henry VII's eldest son and heir, is born at Winchester.

Birth of Rama V

Birth of Sani Abacha

Death of Anthony Babington, assassinated

Dies after ruling Paraguay for decades as supreme dictator.

Death of Brian Clough

Commander of a combined Roman & Visigoth Army which defeats the Huns. between the allied forces & foederati led by General Flavius Aetius & the Visigoth king Theodoric against the Huns

The Huns attack Gaul but are defeated by a combined Roman & Visigoth Army

A combined Roman & Visigoth Army defeat the Huns

Killed in battle, thrown by his horse & trampled by his own men. A combined Roman & Visigoth Army defeat the Huns

Visigoth General during defeat of the Hun

Tostig fights beside Harald Hardrada against the northern earls at Fulford

Harald Hardrada defeats the northern English army at the Battle of Fulford

With Tostig defeats Edwin, Earl of Mercia, & Morcar, Earl of Northumbria. Wins the Battle of Fulford & occupies York

Hadraada & Tostig defeat Edwin & Morcar then capture York

King Harald III of Norway Hardrada and Tostig Godwinson, his English ally, fought and defeated the Northern Earls Edwin and Morcar

Tostig & Hardrada defeat Morcars army at Gate Fulford

Rupert of the Rhine is defeated by Parliament

Fights for the defeated Royalists

Charles fights Essex's army at the inconclusive First Battle of Newbury.

Charles fights Essex's army at the inconclusive First Battle of Newbury.

Maximilian Emanuel fights beside Villars at Hochstadt.

Villars defeats an Imperial force at Hochstadt while campaigning with Bavaria.

Villars defeats an Imperial army at the first battle of Hochstadt.

The Prussians are forced to retreat back across their border. Leads 50,000 & halts the Prussian advance on Paris under the Duke of Brunswick

Withdraws Allied forces back into Germany

Defeated by General Dumouriez & forced back across the Prussian border

Leads French troops up the heights near the coast, helping turn the Russian flank at the Alma.

Commands the Light Division during victory over Russia during the march on Sevastopol.

Commands the Light Division during the Alma advance.

Leads the Guards and Highland brigades of the First Division as the Allies force Russian troops from the heights above the Alma.

Commands the Highland Brigade to victory over Russia during the march on Sevastopol.

Commands the Fourth Division during the Allied advance and fighting at the Battle of the Alma.

Commands the Third Division during the Allied victory at the Alma.

Commands the Second Division during victory over Russia on the march to Sevastopol.

Commands the Second Division at Alma.

Defeated by the Allied forces of France and Great Britain who cross the River Alma. Chooses to fight the French and British on the River Alma on their march to Sevastopol.

Is defeated by Allied forces on the River Alma.

Leads French troops during the Allied victory at Alma.

Helps win the first major Allied battle in Crimea.

1st day of the Battle of Albert between the Germans & French for the "race to the sea"

Plumer uses step-by-step tactics near Ypres.

Receives his Distinguished Flying Medal from King George VI.

The presentation takes place at RAF Northolt.