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On this date in world history

September 7 in History

This permanent archive page contains 145 World History Database records for September 7, spanning 1191 to 2024. Recorded topics include Battle of Arsuf; Capture of Joppa; Death of Herbert Morham.

Total: 145Events: 112Births: 6Deaths: 12Battles: 15Countries: 28

Events on September 7

Capture of Joppa

1191 · Richard I the Lionheart · England · Joppa · Warfare · Holy Crusades, 3rd

Routes the Turks at Arsuf & captures Joppa

Execution

1306 · Thomas Le Boys · England · Tower of London · Warfare · England War

Beheaded for supporting the Scots

Execution

1306 · Simon Fraser · Scotland · Tower of London · Warfare · England War

Hanged, drawn & quartered, head displayed on London Bridge alongside William Wallace

Execution

1306 · Herbert Morham · Scotland · Tower of London · Warfare · England War

Beheaded for supporting the Scots

Reballion of Rebels in Deal

1497 · Perkin Warbeck · England · Deal · Warfare · Military

Lands with a small invasion force in Cornwall

Warbeck Lands at Whitesand Bay

1497 · Henry VII · England · Whitesand Bay · Warfare · Wars of the Roses

Perkin Warbeck lands in Cornwall with a small force and tries to exploit recent hostility toward Henry's taxation.

Reformation, The

1533 · Thomas Cranmer · England · Religion · Church of England

Anne gives birth to Elizabeth and Cranmer baptises her immediately afterwards and acts as one of her godparents

Succession

1533 · Henry VIII · England · House · House of Tudor

Anne Boleyn gives birth in Greenwich to the future Elizabeth I

Succession

1533 · Henry VIII · England · Greenwich · House · House of Tudor

Anne Boleyn gives birth to Princess Elizabeth, Henry VIII's daughter and future queen.

Succession

1533 · Mary I · England · London · House · House of Tudor

Mary is no longer heir presumptive after the birth of Elizabeth

Burial

1548 · Parr · England · Sudeley · House · House of Tudor

Buried in Sudeley Castle

Christian League

1571 · John of Austria · Austria · Lepanto · Warfare · Military

Spanish and Venetian ships of the Christian League in the naval Battle of Lepanto in the Mediterranean Sea under Don John of Austria gain complete victory over a Turish fleet with 117 Turkish ships sunk

Plot

1571 · Mary of Scots · Scotland · Tower of London · House · House of Stewart

Marys supporter Norfolk is Arrested

Ridolfi Plot

1571 · Thomas Howard · England · House · House of Howard

Howard is arrested for his involvement in the Ridolfi Plot

Capital

1630 · John Winthrop · England · Boston · Government · Government of England

Makes Boston the Capital of Massachusetts

Assault on Breda Hornwork

1637 · George Monck · England · Breda · Warfare · Eighty Years' War

Monck fought in the attack that captured an important hornwork outside Breda.

Capture of Portsmouth

1642 · George Goring · England · Portsmouth · Warfare · Civil War

Goring surrenders the Royalist garrison of Portsmouth to Parliamentarian forces.

Capture of Portsmouth

1642 · William Waller · England · Portsmouth · Warfare · Civil War

Waller receives the surrender of Portsmouth after Parliamentarian land and naval pressure.

Parliamentarian Entry into Portsmouth

1642 · John Meldrum · England · Portsmouth · Warfare · Civil War

Meldrum enters Portsmouth with Waller after the Royalist surrender.

Portsmouth Surrendered

1642 · George Goring · England · Portsmouth · Warfare · Civil War

Goring surrenders Portsmouth after Parliament blockades and bombards the port.

Expulsion from Commons

1643 · John Hotham · England · London · Warfare · Civil War

The House of Commons expels Hotham and sends him to the Tower while his conduct at Hull is investigated.

Exile of Charles II

1651 · Charles II · England · Aachen · Warfare · Civil War

Leaves France, which resumes relations with England, for Aachen. Joined in Aachen by his sister, the recently widowed Princess Mary

Dutch Barrier Objective

1701 · Anthonie Heinsius · Netherlands · The Hague · Government · States General

Heinsius secures alliance commitments intended to restore a protective Dutch barrier.

Grand Alliance

1701 · Anthonie Heinsius · Netherlands · The Hague · Government · States General

Heinsius supports the Dutch Republic entering the alliance against France and Bourbon Spain.

Grand Alliance

1701 · Leopold I · Austria · The Hague · House · Habsburg Monarchy

Leopold I joins the alliance to defend Habsburg claims and resist Bourbon expansion.

Grand Alliance

1701 · William Orange · England · The Hague · Warfare · War of the Spanish Succession

Supports the Grand Alliance against Bourbon control of Spain.

Grand Alliance

1701 · United Provinces · Netherlands · The Hague · Government · States General

The United Provinces join the treaty to restore the Dutch barrier in the Spanish Netherlands.

Grand Alliance

1701 · William III of Orange · England · The Hague · Government · Government of England

William III of Orange joins England with the Dutch Republic and the Habsburg monarchy in the Grand Alliance formed at The Hague.

Treaty of The Hague

1701 · Anthonie Heinsius · Netherlands · The Hague · Government · States General

Heinsius joins England and the Emperor in concluding the Grand Alliance.

Treaty of Baden

1714 · Louis XIV · France · Baden · Warfare · War of the Spanish Succession

Concludes peace with the Empire after the War of the Spanish Succession.

Treaty of Baden

1714 · Louis XIV · France · Baden · Government · House of Bourbon

Louis XIV concludes the Treaty of Baden, confirming the settlement reached with the Empire after Rastatt.

Treaty of Utrecht

1714 · Louis XIV · France · Baden · Warfare · War of the Spanish Succession

Concludes peace with the Empire after the War of the Spanish Succession.

Election to National Convention

1792 · Paul Francois Barras · France · Var · Revolution · Revolution of France

Barras was elected to the National Convention as a deputy for the Var.

Election to National Convention

1792 · Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne · France · Paris · Revolution · Revolution of France

Billaud-Varenne was elected to the National Convention for Paris and sat with the Mountain.

Crossing of Rhine

1795 · Jean Baptiste Jourdan · France · Rhine · Revolution · Revolution of France

Jourdan led a successful crossing of the Rhine during operations by the Army of Sambre-et-Meuse.

Independence of Brazil

1822 · Pedro I · Brazil · House · House of Braganza

Brazil becomes independent

Mobilization

1854 · Fitzroy Somerset · Great Britain · Varna · Warfare · Crimean War

The Allied force departs to the Crimean Peninsula in a convoy of 150 warships.

President of Ecuador

1865 · Jeronimo Carrion · Ecuador · Quito · Government · Government of Ecuador

Appointed President of Ecuador

Boxer Protocol

1900 · Cixi · China · Warfare · Boxer Rebellion

China is fined war reparations of 450,000,000 taels of fine silver (1 tael = 1.2 troy ounces) for the loss that it caused

Boxer Protocol

1900 · Cixi · China · Warfare · Boxer Rebellion

China paid 668,661,220 taels of silver from 1901 to 1939, equivalent in 2010 to ~US$61 billion on a purchasing power parity basis.

Boxer Protocol

1900 · Cixi · China · Warfare · Boxer Rebellion

The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 ended the uprising and provided for severe punishments, including an indemnity of 67 million pounds (450 million taels of silver), more than the Governments annual tax revenue.

Boxer Protocol

1900 · Cixi · China · Beijing · Warfare · Boxer Rebellion

The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 provided for the execution of Government officials who had supported the Boxers, provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing, and 450 million taels of silver—more than the Government's annual tax revenue—to be paid as indemnity over the course of the next thirty-nine years to the eight nations involved

Boxer Protocol

1900 · Cixi · China · Warfare · Boxer Rebellion

The protocol orders the execution of 10 high-ranking officials linked to the outbreak and other officials who were found guilty for the slaughter of Westerners in China.

Boxer Protocol

1900 · Cixi · China · Warfare · Boxer Rebellion

The reparation would be paid within 39 years, and would be 982,238,150 taels with interests (4 percent per year) included.

Execution

1900 · Cixi · China · Warfare · Boxer Rebellion

The Boxer Protocol orders the execution of 10 high-ranking officials linked to the outbreak and other officials who were found guilty for the slaughter of Westerners in China

Siege of Peking

1900 · Cixi · China · Warfare · Boxer Rebellion

The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 ended the uprising and provided for severe punishments, including an indemnity of 67 million pounds (450 million taels of silver), more than the Governments annual tax revenue

The Boxers

1900 · Cixi · China · Beijing · Warfare · Boxer Rebellion

The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 provided for the execution of Government officials who had supported the Boxers, provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing, and 450 million taels of silver—more than the Government's annual tax revenue—to be paid as indemnity over the course of the next thirty-nine years to the eight nations involved

Boxer Protocol

1901 · Ernest Satow · Great Britain · Warfare · Boer War, 2nd

Signs the Boxer Protocol while Britain is still fighting in South Africa.

Execution

1901 · Ernest Satow · Great Britain · Warfare · Boer War, 2nd

The protocol orders the execution of 10 high-ranking officials linked to the outbreak and other officials who were found guilty for the slaughter of Westerners in China

Peace

1901 · Cixi · China · Warfare · Boxer Rebellion

The Peace of Beijing ends the Boxer Rebellion. China is forced to pay ineminities to the world powers

Gold Export Embargo

1917 · Woodrow Wilson · United States of America · Washington · Government · Democratic Party Government

Wilson subjects gold exports to federal licensing to protect wartime reserves.

Issues a public warning that a general war would shatter our civilization

1936 · Cordell Hull · United States of America · Government · Democratic Party Government

Issues a public warning that a general war would "shatter our civilization"

Neutrality

1936 · Cordell Hull · United States of America · Government · Democratic Party Government

Issues a public warning that a general war would "shatter our civilization"

Treaty of Versailles

1937 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Berlin · Government · NSDAP Government

Calls an end to the Treaty of Versailles

Invasion of Germany

1939 · Edouard Daladier · France · Saar · Warfare · World War, 2nd

France enters the Saar but does not advance further than a few miles

Invasion of Germany

1939 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Saar · Warfare · World War, 2nd

France crosses into the Saar but only advances a few miles

Invasion of Poland

1939 · Karl Rudolf von Rundstedt · Germany · Warsaw · Warfare · World War, 2nd

The German Tenth Army are within 40 miles of Warsaw

Invasion of Saar

1939 · Edouard Daladier · France · Saar · Warfare · World War, 2nd

France enters the Saar but does not advance further than a few miles

Massacre

1939 · Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Orders the, "Polish Ruling Class is to be put out of harms way as far as possible"

SS

1939 · Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich · Germany · Warfare · Military

Appointed Head of the SS

SS

1939 · Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Appointed Head of the SS

Tenth Army

1939 · Karl Rudolf von Rundstedt · Germany · Warsaw · Warfare · World War, 2nd

The German Tenth Army are within 40 miles of Warsaw

Bombing of London

1940 · Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill · Great Britain · London · Warfare · World War, 2nd

The Luftwaffe begin to systematically bomb London, the blitz

Bombing of London

1940 · Herman Goering · Germany · London · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Fighter Command concentrates its dwindling force after Goerings change of strategy

Bombing of London

1940 · Herman Goering · Germany · London · Warfare · World War, 2nd

The Luftwaffe diverts forces from destroying the RAF to bombing London

Bombing of London

1940 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · London · Warfare · World War, 2nd

The Germans begin their 1st large scale bombing of London

Luftwaffe

1940 · Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill · Great Britain · London · Warfare · World War, 2nd

The Luftwaffe begin to systematically bomb London, the blitz

Luftwaffe

1940 · Herman Goering · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

The Luftwaffe diverts its forces from destroying the RAF to bombing London

President of Paraguay

1940 · Higinio Morinigo · Paraguay · Asuncion · Government · Government of Paraguay

Assumes power after Estigarribia dies in an aircraft crash.

The Blitz Begins

1940 · Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill · Great Britain · London · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Faces the start of sustained German bombing of London.

Capture of Germany

1943 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

The Germans capture Rome after the surrender of the Italian Government to the Allies

Capture of Rome

1943 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Rome · Warfare · World War, 2nd

The Germans capture Rome after the surrender of the Italian Government to the Allies

Prime Minister of Afghanistan

1953 · Mohammad Daoud Khan · Afghanistan · Kabul · Government · Government of Afghanistan

Mohammad Daoud Khan becomes prime minister and begins a decade of centralized government.

Head of State

1960 · Johannes Dieckmann · Germany · Berlin · Government · GDR

Appointed Head of State for the GDR, 2nd term

The Bread of Those Early Years

1961 · Herbert Vesely · Germany · West Germany · Arts · Cinema

Directs Das Brot der fruhen Jahre.

Warning over Anti-Castro Assassination Plots

1963 · Fidel Castro · Cuba · Havana · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Castro publicly warns that American leaders could face danger if the United States continued supporting attempts to eliminate Cuban leaders.

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

1964 · Lyndon Baines Johnson · United States of America · Government · Democratic Party Government

A television commercial called Daisy, promotes Democratic candidate Lyndon Johnson's presidential candidacy, invoking the fear of a nuclear war and is an element in Johnson's subsequent election

Operation Piranha

1965 · Lewis W. Walt · Vietnam · Batangan Peninsula · Warfare · Vietnam War, 2nd

Walt directs Marine operations against Viet Cong forces on the Batangan Peninsula

Netherlands Debut

1966 · Johan Cruyff · Netherlands · Rotterdam · Sport · Football

Makes his senior Netherlands debut against Hungary and scores in a 2-2 draw.

Scandinavian Tour

1968 · John Henry "Bonzo" Bonham · Great Britain · Copenhagen · Arts · Popular Music

Drums on the first New Yardbirds Scandinavian performances.

Scandinavian Tour

1968 · John Paul Jones · Great Britain · Copenhagen · Arts · Popular Music

Plays bass and keyboards on the first Scandinavian dates.

Scandinavian Tour

1968 · James Patrick "Jimmy" Page · Great Britain · Copenhagen · Arts · Popular Music

Plays the first Scandinavian date under the New Yardbirds name.

Scandinavian Tour

1968 · Robert Anthony Plant · Great Britain · Copenhagen · Arts · Popular Music

Performs on the first New Yardbirds Scandinavian tour.

China Opening and Vietnam

1971 · Henry Kissinger · United States of America · Washington · Warfare · Vietnam War, 2nd

Links the opening to China with wider strategy over Vietnam

Over-Nite Sensation

1973 · Frank Vincent Zappa · United States of America · Los Angeles · Arts · Popular Music

Releases Over-Nite Sensation, combining intricate ensemble playing with more direct rock songs and satirical lyrics.

Second Constitutional Amendment

1974 · Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto · Pakistan · Islamabad · Government · Government of Pakistan

Parliament adopts the Second Amendment defining the constitutional status of Ahmadis.

Watergate

1977 · George Gordon Liddy · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Liddy was released on September 7, 1977, after serving a total of four and a half years of incarceration.

World Youth Final Goal

1979 · Diego Maradona · Argentina · Tokyo · Sport · Football

Scores Argentina's third goal in the 3-1 World Youth Championship final victory over the Soviet Union.

Prime Minister of China

1980 · Zhao Ziyang · China · Government · Chinese Communist Party

Hua Guofeng is replaced by Zhao Ziyang (an ally of Deng Xiaoping) as premier of Communist China. Appointed Prime Minister of China

Assassination Attempt

1986 · Augusto Jose Ramon Pinochet Ugarte · Chile · Cajon del Maipo · Government · Government of Chile

Survives an armed ambush in which five members of his security detail are killed.

A Momentary Lapse of Reason

1987 · David Gilmour · Great Britain · London · Arts · Popular Music

Pink Floyd release A Momentary Lapse of Reason without Roger Waters

Plot

1987 · Manuel Rodriguez · Chile · Santiago · Politics · Patriotic Front

Attempts to assassinate Pinochet

Manual Soyuz TM-8 Docking

1989 · Aleksandr Stepanovich Viktorenko · Russia · Mir · Science · Astronomy

Completes a manual docking with Mir after an automatic Kurs rendezvous problem interrupts the spacecraft's final approach.

ANC

1992 · Frederik Willem de Klerk · South Africa · Bisho · Government · Government of South Africa

Troops open fire on 70,000 ANC demonstrators, 28 are killed

Demonstrations

1992 · Frederik Willem de Klerk · South Africa · Bisho · Government · Government of South Africa

Troops open fire on 70,000 ANC demonstrators, 28 are killed

Duma Rejects Chernomyrdin Return

1998 · Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin · Russia · Moscow · Government · Government of Russia

Faces parliamentary rejection of Viktor Chernomyrdin's return as prime minister during the aftermath of the financial crisis.

Constitution of Egypt

2005 · Hosni Mubarak · Egypt · Government · Government of Egypt

Oversees Egypt's first multi-candidate presidential election under institutions controlled by the ruling establishment.

Election

2005 · Hosni Mubarak · Egypt · Government · Government of Egypt

Wins the first multi-candidate presidential election with an official majority.

End of Presidential Referendums

2005 · Hosni Mubarak · Egypt · Government · Government of Egypt

Ends the previous referendum system by contesting a multi-candidate presidential election.

Multi-Candidate Presidential Election

2005 · Hosni Mubarak · Egypt · Cairo · Government · Government of Egypt

Wins Egypt's first presidential election allowing multiple approved candidates.

NGO Strategy Meeting on WMD Report

2006 · Hans Blix · Sweden · New York · Politics · United Nations

Leads a strategy discussion with non-governmental organizations on ways to turn the Commission's proposals into sustained political advocacy.

Pluto Classification

2006 · Timothy Spahr · United States of America · Science · Astronomy

The Minor Planet Center assigns Pluto the permanent minor-planet number 134340 following its dwarf-planet reclassification.

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

2008 · Henry Paulson · United States of America · Washington · Government · Republican Party Government

Announces Treasury support for the housing finance agencies after the conservatorship decision

Fannie Mae Conservatorship

2008 · James B. Lockhart III · United States of America · Washington · Economy · Housing Finance

FHFA announces that Fannie Mae has been placed into federal conservatorship.

Freddie Mac Conservatorship

2008 · James B. Lockhart III · United States of America · Washington · Economy · Housing Finance

FHFA announces that Freddie Mac has been placed into federal conservatorship.

Housing Enterprise Support

2008 · Henry Paulson · United States of America · Washington · Economy · Housing Finance

Treasury establishes financial-support agreements for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

Pluto

2017 · Mark Showalter · United States of America · Science · Astronomy

The International Astronomical Union approves the first official names for surface features discovered on Pluto by New Horizons.

Pluto

2017 · Mark Showalter · United States of America · Science · Astronomy

Tombaugh Regio and Burney crater become official Pluto feature names honoring Clyde Tombaugh and Venetia Burney.

Joker

2019 · Todd Phillips · United States of America · Venice · Arts · Cinema

Joker wins the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival.

Prisoner Exchange with Russia

2019 · Volodymyr Zelenskyy · Ukraine · Boryspil · Government · Government of Ukraine

Welcomes home thirty-five Ukrainians released in a mutual exchange with Russia.

Foreign Interference Inquiry

2023 · Justin Trudeau · Canada · Ottawa · Government · Government of Canada

Announces a public inquiry into foreign interference.

UK-Ireland Reset Summit

2024 · Keir Starmer · Great Britain · Dublin · Government · Labour Party Government

Starmer and Taoiseach Simon Harris begin a programme of renewed bilateral cooperation.

Births on September 7

Birth of Elizabeth I

1533 · Anne Boleyn · England · Greenwich · House · House of Tudor

Birth of Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII & Anne Boleyn, in Greenwich Palace

Birth of Elizabeth I

1533 · Elizabeth I · England · Greenwich · House · House of Tudor

Birth of Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII & Anne Boleyn, in Greenwich Palace

Birth of Henry VIII

1533 · Henry VIII · England · Greenwich · House · House of Tudor

Anne Boleyn gives birth at Greenwich to the future Elizabeth I.

Birth of Robert Dudley

1533 · Robert Dudley · England · House · House of Dudley

Birth of Robert Dudley, same date as Elizabeth I

Elizabeth's Birth

1533 · Anne Boleyn · England · Greenwich · House · House of Tudor

Gives birth to Elizabeth at Greenwich Palace.

Birth of Malcolm Bradbury

1932 · Malcolm Bradbury · Great Britain · Arts · Literature

Birth of Malcolm Bradbury

Deaths on September 7

Death of Herbert Morham

1306 · Herbert Morham · Scotland · Tower of London · Warfare · England War

Death of Herbert Morham, executed

Death of Simon Fraser

1306 · Simon Fraser · Scotland · Tower of London · Warfare · England War

Death of Simon Fraser, executeed

Death of Thomas Le Boys

1306 · Thomas Le Boys · England · Tower of London · Warfare · England War

Death of Thomas Le Boys, executed

Death of Parr

1548 · Parr · England · London · House · House of Tudor

Death of Catherine Parr, dies in childbirth

Death of John of Austria

1578 · John of Austria · Austria · Warfare · Military

Don John of Austria dies of fever, hi was succeeded as Governor of The Netherlands by Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma

Death of Ferdinand Marsin

1706 · Ferdinand Marsin · France · Turin · Warfare · War of the Spanish Succession

Marsin is mortally wounded and captured after the French defeat at Turin.

Death of Keith Moon

1978 · Keith Moon · Great Britain · London · Arts · Popular Music

Dies in London after a drug overdose.

Death of Keith Moon

1978 · Keith Moon · Great Britain · Arts · Popular Music

Keith Moon dies of an overdose of the drug prescribed to control his alcoholism

Amused to Death

1992 · Roger Waters · Great Britain · Arts · Popular Music

Waters releases "Amused to Death", about the corrupting, desensitising nature of television

Death of Mobutu

1997 · Joseph-Desire Mobutu · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Rabat · Government · Government of the Congo

Dies in exile in Morocco several months after being driven from power by the First Congo War.

Death of Mobutu Sese Seko

1997 · Mobutu Sese Seko · Zaire · Rabat · Politics · Popular Movement of the Revolution

Death of Mobutu Sese Seko

Death of Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu Banga Mobutu

1997 · Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu Banga Mobutu · Zaire · Government · Government of Zaire

Death of Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu Banga Mobutu, in exile in Rabat, Morocco, from prostate cancer which had been developing since 1962

Battles on September 7

Battle of Arsuf

1191 · Richard I the Lionheart · England · Arsuf · Warfare · Holy Crusades, 3rd

Routes the Turks at Arsuf & captures Joppa. Richard is ambushed by Saladin at Arsouf en route to Ascalon. Defeats Salladin in battle en Route to Jaffa

Battle of Arsuf

1191 · Saladin · Iraq · Arsuf · Warfare · Holy Crusades, 3rd

Richard the Lionheart defeats Salladin in battle en Route to Jaffa. Richard I the Lionheart is ambushed by Saladin at Arsouf en route to Ascalon

Battle of Lepanto

1571 · John of Austria · Austria · Lepanto · Warfare · Military

Spanish and Venetian ships of the Christian League in the naval Battle of Lepanto in the Mediterranean Sea under Don John of Austria gain complete victory over a Turish fleet with 117 Turkish ships sunk

Battle of Turin

1706 · Philippe II Orleans · France · Turin · Warfare · War of the Spanish Succession

Philippe II of Orleans commands French forces during the failed campaign that ends at Turin.

Battle of Turin

1706 · Philippe II of Orleans · France · Turin · Warfare · War of the Spanish Succession

Philippe II of Orleans commands French forces during the failed siege and battle of Turin.

Battle of Moys

1757 · Frederick II the Great · Germany · Moys · Warfare · Seven Years War

The Battle of Moys

Battle of Borodino

1812 · Marechal Joachim Murat · France · Borodino · Warfare · Napoleonic Wars

Murat fights at the Battle of Borodino

Battle of Britain

1940 · Richard John Cork · Great Britain · London · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Is wounded while flying with No. 242 Squadron during the London raids.

Battle of Britain

1940 · Richard John Cork · Great Britain · London · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Returns safely despite facial injuries caused during combat.

Battle of Britain

1940 · Herman Goering · Germany · London · Warfare · World War, 2nd

London becomes the target for incessant bombing

Battle of Britain

1940 · Herman Goering · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

The Luftwaffe diverts its forces from destroying the RAF to bombing London

Battle of Britain

1940 · Hermann Goering · Germany · London · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Shifts the main Luftwaffe effort toward large-scale attacks on London.

Battle of Britain

1940 · Hermann Goering · Germany · London · Warfare · World War, 2nd

The change reduces pressure on Fighter Command's sector stations.

Battle of Britain

1940 · Keith Park · New Zealand · Uxbridge · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Directs fighter defence as major Luftwaffe formations attack London.

Battle of Britain

1940 · Keith Park · New Zealand · Uxbridge · Warfare · World War, 2nd

No. 11 Group contests the first sustained mass assault on the capital.

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