April 30 in History

Licinius unifies the whole of the Eastern Empire under his rule

Phillip II grants Johns French lands, except Normandy, to Arthur of Brittany. Philip II captures Johns French lands

Grants Johnss former lands, except for Normandy, to Johns nephew Arthur of Brittany

Phillip II grants Johns French lands, except Normandy, to Arthur of Brittany

Demands Henry III reform his administration. Demands Henry III free himself from the Popes Sicilian campaign

Enters the city of Orleans

Enters the city of Orleans

Margarets army had reached Bath, on its way towards Wales. She turned aside briefly to secure guns, reinforcements and money from the city of Bristol

Rivers is arrested by Richard III on the advice of Buckingham

Richard travels to Stratford & returns with the heir, Edward Prince of Wales

Richard III arrests Edward Vs half brother Lord Richard Grey

Richard III arrests Edward Vs half brother Lord Richard Grey

Henry secures exceptionally favourable proposed trading terms from Philip of Burgundy during the latter's enforced stay in England.

Signs the Treaty of Westminster with King Francis against Emperor Charles V. Signs the Treaty of Westminster with Henry VIII against Emperor Charles V

Signs the Treaty of Westminster with King Francis against Emperor Charles V. Signs the Treaty of Westminster with Henry VIII against Emperor Charles V

Agrees to perpetual peace with England ending the hostilities commenced in 1522

Mark Smeaton is arested for having an affair with Anne Boleyn

Mark Smeaton is arrested during the investigation into allegations against Anne Boleyn.

Mark Smeaton is arrested for having an affair with Anne Boleyn

Mark Smeaton is arested for having an affair with Anne Boleyn

Brings Elizabeth to Hampton Court where she is secluded but politically important

Mary brings Elizabeth from Woodstock to Hampton Court during the pregnancy crisis

Moved to Hampton Court while Mary considers the succession

Rumours spread that Mary has given birth but her pregnancy proves false

The Act legalising the Edict of Nantes is signed

The Act legalising the Edict of Nantes is signed

Sweden recognizes French ownership of the Rhine from Breisach to Strasboug

Sweden recognizes French ownership of the Rhine from Breisach to Strasboug

Marches out from Windsor prior to the Battle of Naseby

Arrested & taken to Ardvreck Castle

Takes the oath of office on the balcony of Frederick Hall, New York

Appointed Major

Jose Antonio Paez led the La Cosiata movement, challenging the authority of Gran Colombia's central government.

Dies after helping prevent the Afghan capture of the strategic fort.

Takes command of Rome & repels a French attack

Repulses a French attack on Rome. Repels a French attack on Rome

Files a patent for radio detection of distant metallic objects.

Submits A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions as his doctoral dissertation at the University of Zurich.

The Board of Trade formally orders an investigation under the Merchant Shipping Act into Titanic's loss.

AE2 is damaged by the Ottoman torpedo boat Sultanhisar and forced to surface.

Stoker scuttles AE2 after ordering the crew to abandon the disabled submarine.

During April the BEF loses 120,070, the heaviest since July 1917

During April the BEF loses 120,070, the heaviest since July 1917

Guchkov resigns as war minister amid military breakdown and the political crisis over continuation of the war.

Under arrest at Ekaterinburg, now Sverdlosk, in the Urals

Nicholas II and Alexandra arrive in Ekaterinburg and are confined in the Ipatiev House under tighter Bolshevik control.

Establishes a non-aggression pact with Italy

Appointed Chancellor of Austria

The Madsen-Mygdal Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Second Stauning Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

A Jewish tenant can be evicted if an alternate lodging is available

Switzerland applies to the League of Nations for unconditional neutrality

Switzerland applies to the League of Nations for unconditional neutrality

The French military attache warns that the centre of the German assault would come on the Meuse at Sedan, between 8 and 10 May

Sets the date for the German invasion of Russia, June 22

Sets the date for the German invasion of Russia, June 22

Cavallero presses plans for the projected Axis assault on Malta, known in Italy as Operation C3, during high-level talks with Germany.

Appointed Successor to Adolf Hitler

The bodies of Hitler & Eva Braun are taken into the Chancellery garden & burnt

Hitler & Eva Brauns bodies are taken into the Chancellery garden & burnt

The Red Army hoists the Red Flag over the Reichstag in Berlin

Hitler commits suicide and is briefly succeeded as Chancellor by Joseph Goebbels, as dictated in Hitler's Last Will and Testament

In Hitler's 1945 political testament he appoints Admiral Karl Doenitz to succeed him, but he names Doenitz as President, not Fuhrer, thereby re-establishing a constitutional office which had lain dormant since Hindenburgs death in 1934. Hitler commits suicide and is briefly succeeded as Chancellor by Joseph Goebbels, as dictated in Hitler's Last Will and Testament

Doenitz forms what becomes known as the Flensburg Government, which controlled only a tiny area of Germany near the Danish border, including the town of Flensburg

Forms a new Cabinet & orders an unconditional surrender

Doenitz forms what becomes known as the Flensburg Government, which controlled only a tiny area of Germany near the Danish border, including the town of Flensburg

Appointed President of the Reich & Hitler's successor, on the day of Hitler's death

Appointed President of the Reich & Hitler's successor, on the day of Hitler's death

The Red Army hoists the Red Flag over the Reichstag in Berlin

Commits suicide when the Russians reach Potsdamerplatz a block from the Bunker, 3:30PM

Death of Eva Braun, commits suicide with Hitler at the Fuhrerbunker

Hitler commits suicide and is briefly succeeded as Chancellor by Joseph Goebbels, as dictated in Hitler's Last Will and Testament

Hitler commits suicide and is briefly succeeded as Chancellor by Joseph Goebbels, as dictated in Hitler's Last Will and Testament

Hitler & Eva Braun shoot themselves. Commits suicide when the Russians reach Potsdamerplatz a block from the Bunker, 3:30PM

The Initiator Committee selects the Urchin concept as the most promising neutron initiator for the implosion weapon.

Defends the National Health Service Bill at second reading.

Nehru's government adopts the Industrial Policy Resolution, expanding the planned role of the public sector.

Oswald married Marina Prusakova in Minsk on April 30, 1961, after completing the required civil registration procedures.

The military government announces socialist policies leading to extensive nationalization of trade and industry

Stephenson helps launch the boycott against bus company discrimination.

Commands US forces during the Cambodia campaign

Announces US & South Vietnamese forces have attacked communist sanctuaries in Kampuchea

Announces US and South Vietnamese operations into Cambodia

Announces that US and South Vietnamese forces are entering Cambodia

Decides to expand US ground operations into Cambodia

Supports South Vietnamese operations into Cambodia against communist sanctuaries

Hunt voluntarily retired from CIA after more than twenty years of Agency service and later entered private public-relations work.

New republican constitution approved by referendum

Nixon’s top White House staffers, H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, and Attorney General Richard Kleindienst resign over the scandal. White House counsel John Dean is fired

Nixon’s top White House staffers, H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, and Attorney General Richard Kleindienst resign over the scandal. White House counsel John Dean is fired

Nixon’s top White House staffers, H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, and Attorney General Richard Kleindienst resign over the scandal. White House counsel John Dean is fired

Nixon's top White House staffers, H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, and Attorney General Richard Kleindienst resign over the scandal. White House counsel John Dean is fired

Announces the departures of H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, fires John Dean, and accepts Attorney General Richard Kleindienst's resignation.

Provides more than twelve hundred pages of edited presidential conversation transcripts to the House Judiciary Committee and makes them public.

The White House releases more than 1,200 pages of edited transcripts of the Nixon tapes to the House Judiciary Committee, but the committee insists that the tapes themselves must be turned over

Collectivization and forced labor begin nationwide

Faces the fall of Saigon and the end of the Vietnam War

Sees North Vietnam victory as a success for a Soviet backed ally

Helps consolidate communist control in the South after Saigon falls

Represents the revolutionary government after the collapse of South Vietnam

Supports policy toward national reunification after the end of the war

Ambassador Graham Martin and 7100 US & SV personnel are evacuated

Orders South Vietnamese forces to surrender as Saigon falls

Orders South Vietnamese forces to surrender

Receives the surrender of Duong Van Minh at the presidential palace

North Vietnam achieves victory as Saigon falls

Celebrates communist victory after decades of war

The Clash's self-titled debut enters the UK albums chart and peaks at number twelve.

The Revolutionary Council proclaims the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan under Taraki.

Taraki becomes head of the Revolutionary Council and prime minister after the Saur Revolution.

Taraki assumes the offices of head of state, prime minister, and PDPA general secretary.

Abdicates aged 71 in favor of her 42 year old daughter Beatrix

Faces the start of the Iranian Embassy siege at Princes Gate.

Reagan declares US for Britain and promises "materiel aid"

Reagan declares US support for Britain & promises "material aid"

Maritime exclusion zone is declared a total exclusion zone, applicable to all ships and aircraft supporting the Argentine occupation of the Islands

Reagan terminates Haigs peace mission, declares US support for Britain, imposes economic sanctions on Argentina, and offers Britain materiel and other aid

Reagan terminates Haigs peace mission, declares US support for Britain, imposes economic sanctions on Argentina, and offers Britain materiel and other aid

Reagan terminates Haig's peace mission, declares US support for Britain, imposes economic sanctions on Argentina, and offers Britain materiel and other aid

Extends restrictions to ships and aircraft supporting Argentina.

Addresses Commons questions on the European Fighter Aircraft programme.

Addresses Commons questions on British policy toward the United States Strategic Defence Initiative.

Scores twice as Real Madrid build a 5-1 first-leg lead over Cologne in the UEFA Cup final.

Scores Real Madrid's first goal in the 5-1 UEFA Cup final first-leg victory over Cologne.

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.

China announces the lifting of martial law in Lhasa after more than a year.

Albania changes from communist dictatorship toward a multiparty republic

The Third Steingrimur Hermannsson Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.

Begins the First David Oddsson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.

Becomes President of Albania during the democratic transition

Elected President by the new parliament after the first multiparty election

The House of Lords rejects the War Crimes Bill for the 2nd time

Appears on Union, bringing together the Yes and Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe camps.

Returns under the Yes name for Union and the large multi-member tour.

Briefly chairs the National Provisional Defence Council after the coup

Some Might Say becomes Oasis first UK number one single, written by Noel Gallagher.

Insurgency officially declared over

Issues recommendations for ending violence and rebuilding confidence.

Musharraf holds a disputed referendum intended to extend his presidential tenure.

Opposition parties boycott Musharraf's referendum and dispute its official result.

Appointed Chief Prosecutor

The Greek-Cypriot Government will lift its trade embargo on the Turkish-Cypriots

Israel & Palestine are handed a "road map" to peace in the Middle East

Receives the Quartet Road Map as the first Palestinian Prime Minister.

Helps present the Quartet Road Map for a two-state settlement.

The Greek-Cypriot Government will lift its trade embaro on the Turkish-Cypriots

The Greek-Cypriot Government will lift its trade embargo on the Turkish-Cypriots

Chelsea defeat Bolton Wanderers to secure their first English league championship for fifty years.

British combat operations in Iraq formally conclude under Brown's premiership.

Soumare leaves office after local election setbacks for the ruling party

Souleymane Ndene Ndiaye becomes Prime Minister

MESSENGER ends its mission by impacting Mercury after completing 4,105 orbits and transforming knowledge of the planet.

Mission controllers receive MESSENGER's final telemetry before the spacecraft impacts Mercury after more than four years in orbit.

Abdicates the Japanese throne.

Announces he has tested positive for COVID-19.

Scores twice against Espanyol as Real Madrid secure their thirty-fifth league title.

Wins the presidential election as the Colorado Party candidate.

Welcomes the signing of a United States-Ukraine minerals and reconstruction investment agreement.

Mary II, eldest child of James Duke of York and Anne Hyde, is born at St James Palace.

Anne Hyde gives birth to Mary, the future Queen Mary II, at St James Palace.

James Duke of York becomes father of Mary, later Queen Mary II.

Birth of Albrecht von Roon

Birth of Liam Cosgrave

Birth of Charles XVI

Licinius eliminates the Caesar Maximin Daia

Death of Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden

Death of Johan Tserclaes Graf von Tilly, wounded holding the River Lech

Dies of smallpox at Kensington Palace

Hitler & Eva Braun shoot themselves

Death of Eva Braun, commits suicide with Hitler at the Fuhrerbunker

However, the Lancastrians made a feint towards Little Sodbury, about 12 miles (19 km) north-east of Bristol.

King Edward reached Cirencester.

Nearby was Sodbury Hill, an Iron Age hill fort which was an obvious strategic point for the Lancastrians to seize.

On hearing that Margaret was at Bristol, he turned south to meet her army.

When Yorkist scouts reached the hill, there was a sharp fight in which they suffered heavy casualties

Afghan forces challenge Sikh control near the Khyber Pass and kill commander Hari Singh Nalwa.

Leads Sikh forces defending Jamrud against an Afghan attack.

The Soviets rapidly advance through the city and reach the city centre, conquering the Reichstag on 30 April after fierce fighting

After Hitler and Brauns suicides, Weidling reached the Fuhrerbunker and was met by Goebbels, Bormann and Krebs. They took him to Hitler's room, where the couple had committed suicide.

Late in the morning of 30 April, with the Soviets less than 500 metres from the bunker, Hitler had a meeting with Weidling, who informed him that the Berlin garrison would probably run out of ammunition that night.

They told him that their bodies had been burned and buried in a shell crater in the Reich Chancellery garden above.

Weidling asked Hitler for permission to break out, a request he had made unsuccessfully before. Hitler did not answer at first, and Weidling went back to his headquarters in the Bendlerblock, where at about 13:00, he received Hitler's permission to try a breakout that night.

Weidling was forced to swear that he would not repeat this news to anybody. The only person in the outside world who was to be informed was Joseph Stalin. An attempt would be made that night to arrange an armistice, and General Krebs would inform the Soviet commander so that he could inform the Kremlin

The Soviets rapidly advance through the city and reach the city centre, conquering the Reichstag on 30 April after fierce fighting