Council of Melfi
At the Council of Melfi Pope Nicholas II invested Guiscard as Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily
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On this date in world history
August 23 in History
This permanent archive page contains 211 World History Database records for August 23, spanning 1059 to 2023. Recorded topics include Council of Melfi; Peerage; Battle of Manzikert.
Total: 211Events: 171Births: 3Deaths: 5Battles: 31Coronations: 1Countries: 31
Events on August 23
Peerage
At the Council of Melfi Pope Nicholas II invested Guiscard as Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily
Holy Roman Empire
The Turks expel the Crusaders under Frederick II from Jerusalem
Siege of Jerusalem
The Turks expel the Crusaders under Frederick II from Jerusalem
Siege of Jerusalem
The Turks expel the Crusaders under Frederick II from Jerusalem
Treason
Found guilty of treason despite never being a subject of the English Crown
Trial
Found guilty of treason despite never being a subject of the English Crown
Trial
Indicted & condemned as a traitor in Westminster Hall without a trial
Exile of Robert I the Bruce
Forced into exile after being defeated by Prince Edward for a 2nd time
Cassel Campaign against Flemish Rebels
Philip VI defeats Flemish rebels near Cassel and restores the authority of Count Louis.
Royal Legitimacy Strengthened
Victory at Cassel strengthens Philip VI early in his reign
Arrest of Edward of Warwick
Has the Yorkist heir Edward Earl of Warwick put in the Tower of London
Marriage
Philip returns to Spain
Abduction of James VI
Takes part in the seizure of James VI during the Raid of Ruthven
Captivity
Seized and held by the Ruthven lords during the Raid of Ruthven
Declaration against Lennox
Compelled by the Ruthven lords to accept a declaration against the influence of Esme Stewart, Duke of Lennox
Raid of Ruthven
Helps seize control of James VI during the Raid of Ruthven
Raid of Ruthven
Participates in the Ruthven coup against the influence of Lennox and Arran
Raid of Ruthven
Leads the Protestant noble faction that abducts James VI at Ruthven Castle
Supplication to James VI
Joins the lords who present a supplication justifying the seizure of James VI
Assassination of George Villiers
Assassinates the Duke of Buckingham, on the eve of the siege of La Rochelle. Assassinated the Duke of Buckingham
Assassination of George Villiers
On the eve of an expedition for the relief of La Rochelle by a discontented soldier
Skirmish near Southam
Northampton's cavalry clashes with Parliamentarian forces during the opening mobilisation.
Siege of Bristol
Fairfax begins Parliament's campaign to retake Bristol.
Siege of Bristol
Siege of Bristol by Fairfax begins
Capture at Villmanstrand
Wrangel was wounded and captured after the Swedish defeat at Villmanstrand.
Reform of Armed Forces
A levee en masse is raised aiming to enlist 16,000 men
Reform of Armed Forces
A levee en masse is raised aiming to enlist 16,000 men.
Reform of Armed Forces
The Decree for the Levee en Masse is made
Reform of Armed Forces
The Decree for the Levee en Masse is made.
Departure from Egypt
Napoleon left Egypt aboard the frigate Muiron, leaving General Kleber in command of the Army of the Orient.
Siege of Berlin
Defeats Oudinot at Gross Beeren & Klein Beeren halting the French march on Berlin
Reform of Government
Abolished in the British colonies, 20 million pounds compensation is provided for slave owners
Slavery
Abolished in the British colonies, 20 million pounds compensation is provided for slave owners
Austrian Silesia
Austria's referral of Holstein to the Federal Diet is treated as a breach of Gastein.
Austrian Silesia
Prussia and Württemberg conclude peace and a secret defensive alliance.
Dissolution of German Confederation
Prussia declares the old Confederation dissolved after the Federal Diet's mobilization vote.
German Confederation
Austria recognizes the dissolution of the German Confederation and Prussian predominance north of the Main.
German Unification
The annexation of Nassau consolidates Prussian territory along the Rhine and Main.
Kleindeutschland
The August Alliance binds twenty-two northern German states to Prussian military leadership.
Kleindeutschland
The Peace of Prague excludes Austria from the new Prussian-led organization of Germany.
North German Confederation
The treaty ends Austro-Prussian hostilities and confirms the broad Nikolsburg terms.
Peace of Prague
Austria accepts dissolution of the Confederation and Prussian reorganization north of the Main.
Peace of Prague
Bismarck secures a moderate settlement and rejects demands to annex Austrian territory.
Peace of Prague
Prussia and Baden conclude peace and a secret defensive alliance.
Peace of Prague
The settlement protects the separate sovereignty of southern Germany while allowing Prussian alliances.
Peace of Prague
The treaty confirms transfer of Austrian rights in Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia.
Peace of Prague
Franz Joseph accepts a lenient peace that preserves Austria's core territory.
Peace of Prague
Franz Joseph ratifies the settlement dissolving the German Confederation and recognizing Prussian gains.
Peace of Prague
The Peace of Prague permits Prussia to organize a confederation north of the Main.
Peace of Prague
Wilhelm accepts the final treaty ending the war with Austria on comparatively moderate terms.
Rule of Holstein
Prussian annexation legislation incorporates the Duchy of Nassau.
Rule of Schleswig
The North German Constitution creates a federal state under Prussian leadership.
South German Settlement
Austrian Silesia remains under Habsburg rule because Prussia demands no Austrian territory.
Siege of Foochow
The French destroy a Chinese naval squadron at Foochow
Reform of Legal System
Allows courts to revise unjust rents
Southern Cross Expedition
The Southern Cross left London on 23 August 1898, after inspection by HRH the Duke of York (the future King George V), who presented a Union Flag
Southern Cross Expedition
Southern Cross left London on 23 August 1898, after inspection by HRH the Duke of York (the future King George V), who presented a Union Flag
Diplomatic Plan
Forecasts the Germans will cross the Meuse on the Twentieth day of the invasion on France. Forecasts German military plans in an attack on France at the Comm of Imperial Defence
Invasion of France
Forecasts the Germans will cross the Meuse on the Twentieth day of the invasion on France
Break in Diplomatic Relations with Japan
Germany severs diplomatic relations with Japan
Break in Diplomatic Relations with Japan
Japan declares war on Germany. Germany severs diplomatic relations with Japan
Declaration of War
Japan declares war on Germany
Declaration of War
Japan declares war on Germany
Declaration of War
Japan uses its alliance with Britain to declare war on Germany. Japan declares war on Germany
Fifth Army
The French forces begin a disorderly retreat, the 3rd Army withdrawing to Verdun chased by the German 5th Army (where Ruffey was subsequently removed by Joffre), and 4th Army retreating near Sedan and Stenay
Fifth Army
The French forces begin a disorderly retreat, the 3rd Army withdrawing to Verdun chased by the German 5th Army (where Ruffey was subsequently removed by Joffre), and 4th Army retreating near Sedan and Stenay
Fifth Army
The French forces begin a disorderly retreat, the 3rd Army withdrawing to Verdun chased by the German 5th Army (where Ruffey was subsequently removed by Joffre), and 4th Army retreating near Sedan and Stenay
First Army
The German First Army sufferss heavy losses but force the British back to the River Marne
First Army
The German First Army suffer heavy losses but force the British to retreat
Fourth Army
The French forces begin a disorderly retreat, the 3rd Army withdrawing to Verdun chased by the German 5th Army (where Ruffey was subsequently removed by Joffre), and 4th Army retreating near Sedan and Stenay
Fourth Army
The French forces begin a disorderly retreat, the 3rd Army withdrawing to Verdun chased by the German 5th Army (where Ruffey was subsequently removed by Joffre), and 4th Army retreating near Sedan and Stenay
Fourth Army
The French forces begin a disorderly retreat, the 3rd Army withdrawing to Verdun chased by the German 5th Army (where Ruffey was subsequently removed by Joffre), and 4th Army retreating near Sedan and Stenay
Third Army
The French forces begin a disorderly retreat, the 3rd Army withdrawing to Verdun chased by the German 5th Army (where Ruffey was subsequently removed by Joffre), and 4th Army retreating near Sedan and Stenay
Third Army
The French forces begin a disorderly retreat, the 3rd Army withdrawing to Verdun chased by the German 5th Army (where Ruffey was subsequently removed by Joffre), and 4th Army retreating near Sedan and Stenay
Third Army
The French forces begin a disorderly retreat, the 3rd Army withdrawing to Verdun chased by the German 5th Army (where Ruffey was subsequently removed by Joffre), and 4th Army retreating near Sedan and Stenay
Savinkov Negotiations
Negotiates with Savinkov over restoring authority in the capital.
Battles of the Somme, 2nd
Australian Corps advances near Chuignes as Fourth Army pushes beyond the old Somme battlefield.
Peace
The Irish Dail rejects the British peace offer
Referendum
The British find a vacant throne in Iraq & after a referendum he is enthroned
Rule of Istanbul
The Allies evacuate Istanbul under their Treaty of Lausanne obligations
Treaty of Lausanne
The Allies evacuate Istanbul under their Treaty of Lausanne obligations
Banking Act of 1935
The Act strengthens central direction of monetary policy through a redesigned Federal Reserve Board.
Anti-Comintern Pact
Japan renounces the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany
Anti-Comintern Pact
Japan renounces the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany
Comintern
Japan renounces the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany
Comintern
Japan renounces the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany
Diplomatic Correspondence at London
Hands over a letter to Hitler from Chamberlain saying that Britain will defend Poland
Interim Presidency
Quintanilla assumes interim authority after the death of German Busch.
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Receives news from Stalin the Soviets will sign the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Signs a pact pledging both Countries to remain neutral if the other is at war. Includes secret protocols dividing Europe into zones of influence
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Meets with Stalin in Moscow who signs the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Includes secret protocols dividing Europe into zones of influence
Neutrality
Signs a pact pledging both Countries to remain neutral if the other is at war
Peace
Hands over a letter to Hitler from Chamberlain saying that Britain will defend Poland
Rule of Baltic Sea
Under the Nazi-Soviet Pact Russia takes eastern Poland, Finland & Baltic States
Rule of Baltic Sea
The Nazi-Soviet Pact gives Russia eastern Poland, Finland & Baltic States
Rule of Finland
The Nazi-Soviet Pact gives Russia eastern Poland, Finland & Baltic States
Rule of Poland
The Nazi-Soviet Pact gives Russia eastern Poland, Finland & Baltic States
Bombing of London
1st air raids take place on central London
Bombing of Stalingrad
Carpet bombs Stalingrad with 1,600 sorties & 1,000 tons of bombs
Invasion of Russia
The 6th Army crossed the Don and Army Group B established a defensive line on one of its bends.The 6th Army reached the northern suburbs of Stalingrad later that day, beginning the Battle of Stalingrad
Operation Case Blue
The 6th Army crossed the Don and Army Group B established a defensive line on one of its bends.The 6th Army reached the northern suburbs of Stalingrad later that day, beginning the Battle of Stalingrad
Sixth Army
The 6th Army crossed the Don and Army Group B established a defensive line on one of its bends.The 6th Army reached the northern suburbs of Stalingrad later that day, beginning the Battle of Stalingrad
Sixth Army
The 6th Army reach the Volga north of Stalingrad
Agreement on Defeat Japan within 12 months of Germany's
Roosevelt & Churchill agree to defeat Japan within 12 months of Germany's defeat
Baytown
Operation Baytown to land on the "toe" of Italy is set for the 2/3 Sept
Invasion of Italy
Operation Baytown to land on the "toe" of Italy is set for the 2/3 Sept. Montgomery requests & gets additional forces for the Eighth Army
V2 Rocket
100 prisoners from Buchenwald in the Harz Mountains secretly produce V2 rockets
Alliance Axis
Romanian Prime Minister Ion Antonescu is dismissed by King Michael, paving the way for Romania to abandon the Axis in favor of the Allies
Alliance Axis
Romanian Prime Minister Ion Antonescu is dismissed by King Michael, paving the way for Romania to abandon the Axis in favor of the Allies
Alliance Axis
Romanian Prime Minister Ion Antonescu is dismissed by King Michael, paving the way for Romania to abandon the Axis in favor of the Allies
Arrest of Ion Antonescu
Antonescu is arrested during King Michael's coup.
Capture of Paris
Ordered to enter Paris via the Port dItalie & head for the Ile de Cite
Capture of Paris
Paris "should not fall into the hands of the enemy except as a field of ruins"
Capture of Paris
Crosses the Seine at the Pont de Sevres to enter Paris through the Porte de St Cloud. Captures Paris & arrives at the Arc de Triomphe
Capture of Paris
Begins his attack on Paris. A plane drops a message from Leclerc over saying "Tenez bon, nous arrivons"
Dismissal
Romanian Prime Minister Ion Antonescu is dismissed by King Michael, paving the way for Romania to abandon the Axis in favor of the Allies
King Michael Coup
Overthrows Antonescu and switches sides against Germany.
Result of Surrender of Paris
Hitler's refusal to permit an orderly surrender leaves Paris exposed to further destruction before liberation.
Royal Coup
Michael removes Antonescu and announces Romania's break with the Axis.
Sanatescu Government
Sanatescu forms a government after the removal of Antonescu.
Siege of Paris
Paris "should not fall into the hands of the enemy except as a field of ruins"
Surrender of Paris
Paris "should not fall into the hands of the enemy except as a field of ruins"
Abdication
The Japanese transfer power to the Vietminh & the Emperor is forced to abdicate
Independence of Vietnam
Enter Hanoi & declares independence. Arrives in a Vietminh dominated Hanoi
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador
President of Ecuador
Appointed President of Ecuador after overthrowing Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra
Capture of Tokyo
From his Tkyo HQ MacArthur poposes plans for the US capture of Inchon
Lieutenant
Armstrong leave the navy and becomes a Lieutenant, Junior Grade in the United States Naval Reserve
Lieutenant
Armstrong leave the navy and becomes a Lieutenant, Junior Grade in the United States Naval Reserve
Five-Nation Committee Selected
Menzies is chosen to lead a five-nation committee carrying the London proposals to Nasser.
Republican Renomination
Receives the Republican presidential nomination for a second term.
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
The shelling of Quemoy and Matsu begins a new Taiwan Strait crisis requiring major American military and diplomatic attention.
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
Communist artillery begins intensive shelling of Kinmen, opening the major phase of the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis.
Punta del Este Press Conference
After returning to Cuba, Guevara discusses the Punta del Este conference and its political implications.
Honeymoon Departure
McCone left Washington for a honeymoon in France, leaving Deputy Director Marshall Carter to serve as Acting Director during a critical period of the Cuban buildup.
Marriage
John Lennon marries Cynthia Powell
Marriage
John Lennon marries Cynthia Powell
Marriage
John Lennon marries Cynthia Lennon at Mount Pleasant
She Loves You
Produces She Loves You, one of the breakthrough singles of Beatlemania.
Lushan Conference
Lin Biao's faction clashes with Mao's allies over state chairmanship and succession issues
Lushan Conference
Chen Boda is criticised at the Lushan Conference and loses Mao's confidence
Commander in Chief of the Army
Named Commander in Chief of the Army
Pathet Lao Victory
Pathet Lao forces complete their takeover of Vientiane after communist victories in Indochina
Vienna International Centre Inaugurated
The Vienna International Centre is inaugurated and becomes the IAEA's permanent headquarters complex.
Government Appointment
Tai participates in government appointment connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Reballion of Rebels in Tallin
Popular Fronts form a chain from Vilnius to Tallin, day of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact
Reballion of Rebels in Tallin
The day of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. Popular Fronts form a human chain from Vilnius to Tallin
Chairman
Appointed Chairman of the KGB
Coup
Gorbachev resumes presidency in Moscow
KGB (Committee for State Security)
Ordered by Gorbachov to convert the KGB into a normal police force. Appointed Chairman of the KGB
Mercury Polar Ice
Muhleman participates in radar mapping that detects highly reflective material near Mercury's north pole, providing evidence for polar ice.
Reform of Policing
Ordered by Gorbachov to convert the KGB into a normal police force
Russian Control over Union Institutions Expands
Moves to bring key Soviet-era institutions and property inside Russia under Russian state control after the coup fails.
Chernomyrdin Renominated
Attempts to restore Viktor Chernomyrdin as prime minister after dismissing Sergei Kiriyenko.
Dismissal
In the midst of Russias worst post-Soviet currency crisis, Yeltsin fires Kiriyenko and re-nominates Chernomyrdin Prime Minister
Economy of Russia
In the midst of Russias worst post-Soviet currency crisis, Yeltsin fires Kiriyenko and re-nominates Chernomyrdin Prime Minister
Kiriyenko Government Dismissed
Dismisses Sergei Kiriyenko's government during the financial crisis and initially seeks Chernomyrdin's return.
Second Commissioners Session
Chairs the second meeting of UNMOVIC Commissioners.
UNMOVIC College Review
The College reviews recruitment, training and inspection readiness.
Argentina Second Olympic Gold Manager
Coaches Argentina to the Olympic football title with a 1-0 final victory over Nigeria.
Olympic Final Winning Goal
Scores the only goal as Argentina defeat Nigeria to win a second consecutive Olympic football gold medal.
Vice Presidential Candidate
Is introduced as Barack Obama's Democratic running mate.
Capture of Tripoli
Transitional Council forces seize most of Tripoli and collapse central government control.
Champions League Final Captain
Captains Bayern and makes key saves to preserve a clean sheet against Paris.
Coman Champions League Final Winning Goal
Heads Bayern Munich's only goal against Paris Saint-Germain in the final.
Flick Bayern Champions League Treble
Completes a treble in his first season in charge as Bayern win every Champions League match.
Crimea Platform Inaugural Summit
Opens the inaugural Crimea Platform summit with delegations from dozens of countries.
Chandrayaan-3 Landing
Chandrayaan-3 completes a soft landing in the Moon's south polar region while S. Somanath heads ISRO.
Harmonised Presidential Election
Mnangagwa contests and wins a second elected presidential term.
Births on August 23
Birth of June Ellen Child
Birth of June Ellen Child
Birth of Keith Moon
Birth of Who drummer Keith Moon.
Birth of Keith Moon
Birth of Keith Moon
Deaths on August 23
Death at Cassel
Zannekin is killed during the defeat of the Flemish rebels
Death of George Villiers
Death of George Villiers, assassinated
Death of Rudolph Valentino
Death of Rudolph Valentino
Death of German Busch
Busch dies in La Paz, ending his military reformist presidency.
Death in Plane Crash
Dies in a plane crash after the Wagner mutiny
Battles on August 23
Battle of Manzikert
Romanos is unaware of the loss of Tarchaneiotes and continues to Manzikert, which he easily captures
Battle of Cassel
Louis of Nevers regains authority after the French victory
Battle of Cassel
Philip VI crushes the Flemish rebels
Battle of Cassel
Philip VI defeats Flemish rebels at Cassel
Battle of Chaldiran
Selim I crushes Shah Ismail Is force of 50,000 at Chaldiran. Defeats the Persians in Chaldiran, 1st step in a dramatic rise in Turkish power
Battle of Calugareni
Defeats Ottoman forces during the Long Turkish War.
Battle of Worcester
Enters Worcester unopposed
Battle of Villmanstrand
Lacy defeated the Swedish army at Villmanstrand and captured the fortified town.
Battle of Villmanstrand
Wrangel commanded the Swedish defenders at Villmanstrand against Peter Lacy’s larger Russian force.
Battle of Gross Beeren
Defeats Oudinot at Gross Beeren & Klein Beeren halting the French march on Berlin
Battle of Klein Beeren
Defeats Oudinot at Gross Beeren & Klein Beeren halting the French march on Berlin
Battle of Ardennes
The French forces begin a disorderly retreat, the 3rd Army withdrawing to Verdun chased by the German 5th Army (where Ruffey was subsequently removed by Joffre), and 4th Army retreating near Sedan and Stenay
Battle of Ardennes
The French forces begin a disorderly retreat, the 3rd Army withdrawing to Verdun chased by the German 5th Army (where Ruffey was subsequently removed by Joffre), and 4th Army retreating near Sedan and Stenay
Battle of Ardennes
The French forces begin a disorderly retreat, the 3rd Army withdrawing to Verdun chased by the German 5th Army (where Ruffey was subsequently removed by Joffre), and 4th Army retreating near Sedan and Stenay
Battle of Galicia
The offensive begins in Galicia
Battle of Galicia
Leads troops during Russia early advance in Galicia.
Battle of Mons
Commands the 5th Cavalry Brigade against the Germans at Mons
Battle of Mons
French deploys the BEF near Mons before retreating toward the Marne.
Battle of Mons
Awarded the Victoria Cross
Battle of Mons
Awarded the Victoria Cross
Battle of Mons
The German First Army suffer heavy losses but force the British to retreat. Orders 150,000 soldiers to attack British positions
Battle of Mons
Awarded the Victoria Cross
Battle of Tannenberg
Zhilinsky orders Samsonov to resume the offensive. The Russians are outflanked & radio messages decoded
Battle of Albert, 2nd
Byng & Rawlinson reach Bapaume
Battle of Bapaume
The Allies drive the Germans back & capture the Arras-Bapaume Road
Battle of Bapaume
The German line is driven back until the Allies hold the Arras-Bapaume Road
Battle of Bavaria
Honored with the title of Ghazi, "the Victorious". Defeats the Greeks & within 1 yr expels them from Turkish soil
Battle of Sakaria
Honored with the title of Ghazi, "the Victorious". Defeats the Greeks & within 1 yr expels them from Turkish soil
Battle of Solomons
Leads his ships as the vanguard group at the carrier battles of the eastern Solomons
Battle of Stalingrad
The 6th Army crossed the Don and Army Group B established a defensive line on one of its bends.The 6th Army reached the northern suburbs of Stalingrad later that day, beginning the Battle of Stalingrad
Battle of Stalingrad
The 6th Army reach the Volga north of Stalingrad
Coronations on August 23
Coronation
The British find a vacant throne in Iraq & after a referendum he is enthroned