August 25 in History

Consecrated Boniface IV

Yusuf I succeeds Muhammad IV as Nasrid ruler of Granada

Hears news of the Scottish invasion of England

Authorizes the Treaty of Bruges alliance with Charles V against France, undermining the universal peace system created in 1518.

Signs a secret Treaty with Charles V to launch a "great enterprise" against France

Henry VIII commits England to an alliance with Charles V against France.

Charles V agrees an anti-French alliance with Henry VIII's representatives.

The Treaty of Bruges binds Henry VIII and Charles V to an anti-French alliance.

The agreement prepares the ground for Henry VIII's Great Enterprise against France.

The treaty commits England to war against France in support of the Habsburg position.

Wolsey helps arrange the treaty with Imperial representatives while England moves away from neutrality.

Signs a secret Treaty with Charles V to launch a "great enterprise" against France

Signs a secret Treaty with Charles V to launch a "great enterprise" against France

Signs a secret Treaty with Charles V to launch a "great enterprise" against France

His support for the English marriage policy soon collapses.

Regent Arran ratifies the Treaty of Greenwich before Scottish opposition to the English marriage hardens.

Regent Arran ratifies the Treaty of Greenwich before Scottish opposition to English influence grows.

Ratifies the Treaty of Greenwich before opposition strengthens.

Captured near Uttoxeter

Stanley is wounded and escapes after Lilburne routs his Royalist force at Wigan Lane.

Churchill leads the English contingent serving in Waldeck's Allied army at Walcourt.

Villars serves among the French commanders during the unsuccessful action at Walcourt.

The citadel of Huy surrenders during the successful Allied siege.

Marries Caroline of Anspach

Louis XVI recalled Jacques Necker to the finance ministry as public confidence in the royal government's financial management deteriorated.

Signs a Treaty of alliance with Bavaria at Bogenhausen

Suchet evacuates Tarragona

Herschels house at 19 New King Street in Bath, Somerset where he made many telescopes and first observed Uranus, is now home to the Herschel Museum of Astronomy

Passes the Independent Treasury Act to help deal with a financial crisis

Passes the Independent Treasury Act to help deal with a financial crisis

Passes the Independent Treasury Act to help deal with a financial crisis

The Government notifies Texas that it will not be admitted to the union

The Government notifies Texas that it will not be admitted to the union

SS Great Britain is refloated after remaining stranded in Dundrum Bay for nearly a year.

Publishes a Tribune article examining the Chartist movement in Britain.

The Matrimonial Clauses Bill makes it possible for a divorce in a court of law

Helps prepare a resolution advocating reduction of the working day for the Brussels Congress.

A Treaty recognizes French protectorates over Tonkin & Annam

A Treaty recognizes French protectorates over Tonkin & Annam

A Treaty recognizes French protectorates over Tonkin & Annam

Assassinated in Montevideo, the only Uruguayan president killed while in office

Appointed Minister of the Interior

Japan severs diplomatic relations with Austria-Hungar. Japan declares "State of War" with Austria-Hungary

Japan severs diplomatic relations with Austria-Hungary. Japan declares "State of War" with Austria-Hungary

Japan severs diplomatic relations with Austria-Hungary

Japan declares "State of War" with Austria-Hungary. Austria is at war with Japan

Japan declares "State of War" with Austria-Hungary. Austria is at war with Japan

Joffre orders a retreat to the Somme

Addresses British policy toward international maritime rules governing wartime commerce.

Reports information from Sir John French concerning the British Expeditionary Force in France.

Orders troops toward Petrograd as the crisis escalates.

The Caucasian Native Cavalry Division is drawn into Petrograd plans.

The US signs a peace Treaty with Germany in Berlin

The US signs a peace Treaty with Germany in Berlin

Succeeds Michael Collins as chairman of the Provisional Government.

Forms a new Government

Appointed Prime Minister of Poland, 2nd term

Found guilty of charges during a show trial & shot

After Germany's pact with Russia Britain completes the Anglo-Polish Defence Alliance

Survives an attempted military challenge led by General Ariosto Herrera and maintains constitutional government.

The RAF makes its 1st bombing raid on Berlin

RAF bombers attack Berlin for the 1st time, retaliation for the bombing of London

British & Soviet troops invade Iran

Subhas Chandra Bose formally takes command of the reorganized Indian National Army and prepares it for operations toward India.

Breaches the Gothic Line

Enters Paris after its surrender by the Germans

Delivers Leclercs ultimatum to the German Commander Cholitz who agrees to surrender

Secures a surrender from the German Commander Cholitz. Enters Paris after breaking down German resistance

After the capture of Paris Woodrun estimates that the war will be over by October

Malinovsky links up with General Tolbukhins Army in the Danube Delta

Asks Russia for peace terms

Finland asks Russia for peace terms

German control of Paris ends and the French capital returns to Allied and French authority.

Choltiz disobeys Hitler's orders & refuses to burn Paris

Choltiz disobeys Hitler's orders & refuses to burn Paris

Recieves the formal surrender of Paris

Hue reads a declaration handing over "sovereign power" to the Vietminh

The Emperor abdicate giving Ho Chi Minh the "mandate of heaven"

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam is proclaimed. Hue reads a declaration handing over "sovereign power" to the Vietminh

The Emperor abdicate giving Ho Chi Minh the "mandate of heaven"

The Manhattan Engineer District is formally abolished, ending the Army organisation that built the first atomic bombs.

Appointed acting President of Brazil after the resignation of Janio Quadros

Elected President of the 5th Republic

During the flight of Gemini V, American astronauts Gordon Cooper and Pete Conrad set record with an eight day orbital flight

During the flight of Gemini V, American astronauts Gordon Cooper and Pete Conrad set record with an eight day orbital flight

During the flight of Gemini V, American astronauts Gordon Cooper and Pete Conrad set record with an eight day orbital flight

During the flight of Gemini V, American astronauts Gordon Cooper and Pete Conrad set record with an eight day orbital flight

Apollo-Saturn 202 tests the command module heat shield.

The Stennis Committee defends restricted bombing in North Vietnam. Says only annhilation can break the will of the north Vietnamese

Promulgates a constitution that preserves presidential dominance.

France explodes a hydrogen bomb in the South Pacific & becomes the 5th nuclear power

France explodes a hydrogen bomb in the South Pacific & becomes the 5th nuclear power

Insists upon US unilateral withdrawal from Vietnam & the overthrow of President Thieu

Sends a letter to Nixon rejecting his peace proposals. Insists upon US unilateral withdrawal from Vietnam & the overthrow of President Thieu

Declares that there will be no comprimise in Vietnams aim of re-unification

The Kinks release Everybody’s in Show-Biz.

Zimbabwe is admitted as a member of the United Nations.

Interprets Voyager observations of Saturn's moons and ring environment.

Studies Voyager observations of strange spoke-like markings in Saturn's rings.

Uses Voyager 2 imagery to examine fine structure in Saturn's rings.

Voyager 2 flies past Saturn and extends studies of the planet, rings and moons.

Birmingham hosts its first Formula 3000 street race on roads near the city centre.

The IAEA convenes an international post-accident review meeting where Soviet experts present information on Chernobyl.

Helps interpret Voyager 2 science results from the Neptune encounter.

Leads imaging observations of Neptune, its storms and rings.

Voyager 2 magnetometer data show Neptune's magnetic field is strongly tilted and offset from the planet.

Measures Neptune's tilted magnetic field during the Voyager 2 encounter.

Voyager 2 images reveal Triton's distinctive dimpled terrain and complex icy geology.

Voyager 2 passes close to Triton after its Neptune encounter and returns detailed surface observations.

Voyager 2 reveals Triton's icy surface, plumes and unusual terrain.

Voyager 2 imagery reveals active dark plumes rising above Triton's nitrogen-ice surface.

Voyager 2 makes the first and only spacecraft flyby of Neptune.

Naval forces gain authority to inspect shipping linked to Iraq.

Security Council authorizes measures enforcing sanctions by sea.

White (Belarus) declares its independence

Commands Croatian defence during the siege.

Serb and Yugoslav forces besiege Vukovar.

Oversees Yugoslav military operations as the siege begins.

Directs Croatia during the defense of Vukovar.

Than Shwe gives the prime ministership to Khin Nyunt

Khin Nyunt becomes Prime Minister under Than Shwe's military government

Spitzer records thousands of infrared exposures of M31, mapping warm dust and star-forming structures that are difficult to isolate in visible light.

Voyager 1 crosses the heliopause and becomes the first human-made object in interstellar space.

Birth of Ivan the Terrible, the 1st Tsar of Russia

Birth of Karl Mack

Birth of George Eden, second son of William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland

Birth of Vo Nguyen Giap in Quang Binh Province

Releases Born to Run, the album that brings his first major commercial breakthrough.

Death of Conradin, killed at the Battle of Tagliacozzo, last of the Hohenstaufen line

Muhammad IV is assassinated after the Gibraltar campaign

James Watt dies at Heathfield in Handsworth after a celebrated engineering career.

Death of Frederick William Herschel, died in his 84th year, which is the same number of years Uranus takes to orbit the Sun

Death of Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev, executed

Death of Stanley Bruce

Death of Truman Capote

Death of Edward Moore Kennedy

Death of Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy

Death of Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong.

Romanos rejects a Seljuk peace embassy as he wanted to settle the Turkish problem with a decisive military victory and understood that raising another army would be both difficult and expensive

Defeats Conradin

Defeated & killed in battle by Charles of Anjou, ends the Hohenstaufen line

Eliminates most of the Earl of Derbys forces

Most of Derbys forces are eliminated, Derby joins Charles II at Worcester

Lilburne defeats the Earl of Derby at Wigan Lane, preventing a substantial Lancashire Royalist force from reinforcing Charles II at Worcester.

Tyldesley is killed while fighting for the Royalists at Wigan Lane during the defeat of Stanley's Lancashire force.

Commands the English contingent whose attack helps defeat the French at Walcourt.

Humieres commands the French army defeated by Waldeck at Walcourt.

Waldeck commands the Allied army that defeats the French at Walcourt.

Cope marched with his infantry and artillery towards Fort Augustus in the central Highlands to overawe the Highland clans and nip the rebellion "in the bud."

He found that supposedly "well-affected" clans were evading calls to take up arms on behalf of the Government, using a variety of excuses.

He turned about and marched instead to Inverness.

On 25 August Cope heard that the rebel army, whose strength he overestimated, was preparing to oppose him at Corryarrack.

Russia takes East Prussia & makes Konigsberg swear loyalty to Empress Elizabeth. Only problems of supply force the Russians back to Russia. Frederick wins an inconclusive victory

The Russians are driven out of Manchuria. 25 Aug-3 Sept, commands an engagement 40 miles SW of Mukden

The Germans advance to Tannenberg to trap the Russian Army

Britain retaliates for attacks on London with a raid against Berlin.

The Berlin raid influences German decisions about subsequent bombing strategy.

Retaliation for the bombing of London. RAF bombers attack Berlin for the 1st time