January 24 in History

Leads the attack that kills Caligula.

After declaring himself a God by the prefect of the Praetorians, Cassius Chaerea

Is assassinated by Praetorian conspirators.

Leads a group of Praetorians who assassinate Caligula

Is proclaimed emperor after Caligula is murdered.

Henry III marries Eleanor of Provence

Henry III marries Eleanor of Provence

Marries Philippa of Hainault, daughter of William I Count of Hainault, in York Minster

Philippa of Hainault & Prince Edward marry

Philippa marries Edward III and becomes Queen of England

Marries Philippa of Hainault in York Minster

Edward III marries Philippa of Hainault at York

Succeeds as King of Hungary, elected King

The marriage Treaty between James IV & Margaret Tudor is signed

The foundation stone of Henry VII's Lady Chapel is laid at Westminster Abbey as a major royal religious and dynastic project.

Confirms papal approval of the mare clausum policy pursued by Spain and Portugal

Julius II approves changes to the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas

The Convocation of clergy agree to pay extra taxation

The Convocation of clergy agree to pay extra taxation

Anne was commanded to leave the court of Henry VIII

Death of Henry Howard, executed for treason

Parliament supports Elizabeth's reforms even though the Bishops do not

Rounds the southern tip of the Americas & names it Cape Horn after his birthplace

Created Duke of Cumberland

Created Earl of Holderness

Peterborough enters Valencia and expands Allied influence in eastern Spain.

Charles Albert is elected Holy Roman Emperor during the capture of Munich by Austria

Charles Albert is elected Holy Roman Emperor during the capture of Munich by Austria

Charles Albert is elected Holy Roman Emperor during the capture of Munich by Austria

Created 1st Lord Apsley, Baron of Apsley, Sussex

Louis XVI issued regulations governing elections and the preparation of grievance lists for the forthcoming Estates General.

Issues the proclamation fixing the federal district on the Potomac

Armed supporters confronted Congress, consolidating President Jose Tadeo Monagas's control over national institutions.

Marshall discovers gold at Sutter's Mill, sharply increasing migration and transisthmian travel.

Cuza is elected Prince of Wallachia, creating a personal union of the principalities.

Cuza's double election establishes the United Principalities under one ruler.

Writes to J. B. Schweitzer assessing Proudhon's ideas and political significance.

Informs the Landtag that the First Minister will be the servant of the King-Emperor

Proposes shortening working hours & regulating Sunday work. Attributes the rise of socialism to failure of the Government to reform

Borchgrevinks party claim this as the first landing on the Antarctic mainland

Takes part in the landing at Cape Adare, later treated as the first confirmed landing on the Antarctic mainland

Goes ashore with Bull, Kristensen and others at Cape Adare in what is widely treated as the first confirmed landing on the Antarctic mainland

The First de Smet de Naeyer Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as head of the Belgian government.

Begins the Jules Vandenpeereboom Government in Brussels and serves as head of the Belgian government.

Captures Spion Kop

Contributes to another British failure on the Upper Tugela.

HMS Aurora encounters SMS Kolberg near Dogger Bank, helping trigger the opening exchanges of the battle.

Beatty begins a high-speed pursuit as Hipper's force retreats from the approaching British battlecruisers.

Confusing signals from the damaged Lion are misunderstood, disrupting Beatty's attempt to continue pursuing Hipper.

Hipper's faster battlecruisers continue their withdrawal while the crippled Blücher falls farther behind.

Churchill treats the destruction of Blücher as evidence of British battlecruiser superiority.

Beatty closes the range and his battlecruisers open fire on Hipper's retreating ships.

Beatty's battlecruisers are directed toward a rendezvous with supporting cruisers and destroyers near Dogger Bank.

British battlecruisers concentrate on the crippled Blücher instead of continuing the pursuit of Hipper's surviving ships.

Hipper recognises that stronger British forces are approaching and prepares to withdraw toward Germany.

Admiralty intelligence helps British battlecruisers intercept Admiral Hipper's force at Dogger Bank.

Britain claims a tactical victory after sinking Blücher and forcing Hipper's surviving squadron to retreat.

Goodenough's light cruisers support Beatty's force during the British interception of Hipper's squadron.

Hipper directs concentrated German fire against Beatty's flagship HMS Lion, causing serious damage.

Hipper turns southeast toward home after discovering that Beatty's battlecruiser force outguns his squadron.

Churchill reports that Beatty's flagship Lion is damaged but returning safely after Dogger Bank.

Repeated German hits flood compartments, reduce Lion's speed and eventually force Beatty's flagship out of the pursuit.

Emergency action prevents the fire aboard Seydlitz from reaching its magazines and destroying the battlecruiser.

Hipper escapes with Seydlitz, Moltke and Derfflinger after British fire shifts toward the damaged Blücher.

Beatty's force concentrates fire on the damaged SMS Blücher, which is sunk during the Battle of Dogger Bank.

SMS Blücher, slower than Hipper's battlecruisers, falls behind during the retreat and is sunk by British fire.

Blücher fell behind the German battlecruisers after heavy British fire and was overwhelmed during the withdrawal from Dogger Bank.

British fire cripples Blücher during the pursuit after Beatty's flagship Lion is seriously damaged.

The slower armoured cruiser SMS Blücher prevents Hipper's squadron from escaping at the speed of its battlecruisers.

Hipper's flagship SMS Seydlitz is heavily hit, causing a dangerous fire near its aft turrets and magazines.

Conscription is introduced

Conscription is introduced during Asquith's wartime premiership.

Helps support the Arab capture of Wejh on the Red Sea coast.

The Soviet government adopts the Gregorian calendar, bringing Russian civil dating into line with Western Europe.

The Paris Conference fixes German war reparations

The Paris Conference fixes German war reparations

Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland. Attempts to undermine France's alliances with Eastern Europe

Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland

Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland

Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland

Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland

Izmir Telephone enterprise is purchased by the Government

Izmir Telephone enterprise is purchased by the Government

Directs national emergency and reconstruction measures after the Chillan earthquake.

Roosevelt & Churchill demand the unconditional surrender of Germany, Italy & Japan. 2nd meeting of US & UK leaders

Agrees to end the war unconditionally, Germany will be defeated then Japan

Sicily will be invaded in July & in August. An Allied strategy is agreed to defeat Germany then Britain will fight against Japan. A joint Allied offensive will be launched on the Contentin Peninsula

The Casablanca Conference agrees Sicily will be invaded in July & in August

The Casablanca Conference agrees Sicily will be invaded in July & in August

The Allies adopt unconditional surrender as their declared objective for Germany, Italy and Japan.

Roosevelt & Churchill demand the unconditional surrender of Germany, Italy & Japan

About 60,000 German troops are encircled

Suggests that Generals Eisenhower and Alexander attend Yalta as well as the Malta military discussions.

Ends his 1952 to 1953 prime ministerial term

MacMillan advises Churchill to retire

Advises Churchill to retire, the only member of the Government brave enough to do so

Arrives in New York and enters the Greenwich Village folk scene.

Signs a management contract with the Beatles.

Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister of India for the first time.

Declares Martial Law in Spain

Smith rejects new British proposals for ending Rhodesia's constitutional dispute.

Ian Smith rejects the British proposals for a Rhodesian settlement

Ian Smith rejects the British proposals for a Rhodesian settlement

Ian Smith rejects the British proposals for a Rhodesian settlement

Ian Smith rejects the British proposals for a Rhodesian settlement

The committee requested access to prior Senate intelligence testimony, including material involving Frank Sturgis and Warren DeBruey.

The HSCA requested access to earlier Senate intelligence testimony involving Sturgis as part of its renewed Kennedy investigation.

700,000 students & workers go on strike against Party priveleges

The Juntas plans to capture Islands are revealed in a series of articles in La Prensa newspaper

Answers a parliamentary question concerning the Franks Report on the Falklands conflict.

Voyager 2 images show Ariel crossed by valleys, faults and relatively young-looking terrain.

Appointed President of the Board of Trade

Voyager 2 returns unprecedented close images of Miranda during the Uranus encounter.

Voyager images reveal large coronae and disrupted terrain across Miranda's unusual surface.

Voyager 2 photographs Oberon's heavily cratered terrain and prominent tectonic features.

Appointed President of the Board of Trade

Voyager 2 images reveal large fault valleys and impact structures across Titania.

Voyager 2 observations reveal two additional rings and new detail in the existing ring system.

Voyager 2 imagery confirms Umbriel's dark, heavily cratered surface and bright-ringed features.

Studies Voyager measurements of Uranus's cold and subdued atmosphere.

Leads Voyager imaging work during the Uranus encounter.

Works with Voyager infrared data used to study temperatures and atmospheric properties in the Uranian system.

Voyager infrared measurements characterize temperatures in the Uranian atmosphere and satellite system.

Finds Uranus has an unusually tilted and offset magnetic field.

Voyager 2 magnetometer data reveal a strongly tilted and offset Uranian magnetic field.

Voyager observations measure substantial atmospheric winds despite Uranus's subdued visible appearance.

Voyager 2 makes the only spacecraft flyby of Uranus and its moons.

Indira Hinduja's work leads to India's first reported birth using an oocyte donation technique for infertility treatment.

The US rescues Mexicos economy with $20-billion aid program

Resigns as Prime Minister of Poland

Hosty donated papers concerning the FBI, Lee and Marina Oswald, the Kennedy assassination, and his Bureau career to the National Archives.

Sangheli leaves office after more than four years as Prime Minister

Ion Ciubuc becomes Prime Minister under President Petru Lucinschi

Becomes Crown Prince

Appointed Prime Minister of Adygeya

Human Rights Watch sent an open letter to King Abdullah asking him to cease religious persecution of the Ahmadi faith in Saudi Arabia

Senate Foreign Relations Committee votes, 12-9, in favor of a nonbinding resolution that denounces President Bushs plan to deploy additional troops to Iraq

Human Rights Watch sent an open letter to King Abdullah asking him to cease religious persecution of the Ahmadi faith in Saudi Arabia

Senate Foreign Relations Committee votes, 12-9, in favor of a nonbinding resolution that denounces President Bushs plan to deploy additional troops to Iraq

The Bush administration hands out a $146 billion stimulus package that gives rebates of $300-$600 for individuals earning up to $75,000 and to couples with incomes up to $150,000

Prime Minister Romano Prodi resigns after losing a no-confidence vote in the senate

Wins the Article 50 case requiring parliamentary authorisation.

Wins the Supreme Court case requiring an Act of Parliament to authorise Article 50.

Invites resubmission of the Keystone XL pipeline application.

Starmer welcomes the ruling requiring parliamentary legislation before Article 50 is triggered.

Tshisekedi takes office in the country's first peaceful presidential transfer of power.

France confirms the first known COVID-19 cases in Europe.

Birth of Hadrian at Italica in Hispania Baetica.

Birth of Frederick II the Great, 3rd eldest son of Frederick William I of Prussia

Birth of Otto Moritz Walter Model

Birth of Ernest Borgnine

Death of Caligula, assassinated

Leads a group of Praetorians who assassinate Caligula

Death of Henry Howard, executed for treason

Death of Randolph Henry Spencer Churchil, from a brain disease

On the 70th anniversary of the death of his Father, Lord Randolph Churchill. Death of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, exactly 70 yrs after his father,. Death of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Death of Winston Churchill

Death of Alfredo Ovando Candia

Maurice marches with 7,000 troops & routs a 6,000 Spanish under Jean de Rie of Varas

Maurice marches with 7,000 troops & routs a 6,000 Spanish under Jean de Rie of Varas

Helps defeat British forces at Spion Kop.

Helps organize Boer resistance during the battle of Spion Kop.

Lyttelton sends reinforcements across the Tugela as British troops struggle to hold Spion Kop.

Thorneycroft assumes command on the summit and refuses a Boer demand for surrender during the crisis at Spion Kop.

Commands the failed British attack at Spion Kop.

Woodgate commands the troops occupying Spion Kop and is mortally wounded during the battle.

Beatty's battlecruisers intercept Hipper's squadron at Dogger Bank. SMS Blücher is sunk while the surviving German battlecruisers escape.

Hipper's squadron, sent to attack British fishing vessels and patrols, is intercepted by Beatty. SMS Blücher is sunk while the surviving German battlecruisers escape.

Churchill reports the battle to Kitchener and describes the pursuit and sinking of Blücher.

The Russians offer Paulus the chance to surrender but Hitler rejects the offer

The Russians offer Paulus the chance to surrender but Hitler rejects the offer

Orders an immediate counter-attack to releive the "Korsun pocket". 60,000 Germans are caught in a trap