September 17 in History

Glendower rebels against Lord Grey of Ruthin, joined by cousins Gwilym & Rhys Ap Tudor

Glendower rebels against Lord Grey of Ruthin, joined by cousins Gwilym & Rhys Ap Tudor

Glendower rebels against Lord Grey of Ruthin, joined by cousins Gwilym & Rhys Ap Tudor

Warbeck's Cornish force attacks Exeter but fails to secure the city as royal forces approach.

Brings Ghent back under Spanish control

Concludes an alliance with Tilly & the elector of Saxony

After victory at Breitenfeld Gustavus captures Leipzig

Ferdinands Imperial army commanded by Tilly is defeated & Gustav takes Leipzig

Dissolution of the "Rump Parliament" is debated by a committe set up for the purpose

Flees to France in a State of destitution

Cromwell opened the Second Protectorate Parliament.

The 2nd Proctorate Parliament opens

Acts as guardian and regent for the young Charles II.

Begins his reign as a child king under his mother's regency.

Becomes regent for her young son Charles II after Philip IV's death.

Rules with a council during the minority of Charles II after Philip IV's death.

Philip IV's death renews French succession claims.

Philip IV's death renews French interest in Spanish inheritance claims through Maria Theresa.

Succeeds as King of Spain after the death of Philip IV.

Captures Montjuic during operations against Barcelona.

Peterborough captures Montjuic, opening the way for the Allied attack on Barcelona.

Proclaimed as James VIII but Edinburgh Castle is held by General Joshua Guest. Occupies Edinburgh & Holyrood Palace

After negotiations had failed, the gates of the city are left open and the Jacobites enter, Charles is met by a cheering crowd of 20,000, however, Edinburgh Castle holds out against his forces

Proclaims himself James VIII

The Resolves are drawn up by Dr Warren & adopted by Suffolk County, Massachusett

The Suffolk Resolves are passed by the Continental Congress protesting against British coercive legislation

The Suffolk Resolves are passed by the Continental Congress protesting against British coercive legislation

The Federal Confederation produces the Constitution of the USA. The Federal Confederation must be endorsed by at least 9 of the 13 States

Herschel discovers a new moon of Saturn, Mimas, only 250 miles in diameter

The Law of Suspects expands arrests of those considered enemies of the Revolution during Jacobin rule

The Law of Suspects expands arrests of those considered enemies of the Revolution during Jacobin rule.

Applies sustained pressure to the fortress before its November surrender.

Directs operations against Maastricht during the revolutionary campaign in the Low Countries.

The treaty ends the Finnish War, with Sweden ceding Finland to the Russian Empire.

The Felix de Muelenaere Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as head of the Belgian government.

The London and Birmingham Railway opens its Curzon Street terminus.

Sends a telegram to Bismarck to solve the Constitutional Crisis in Prussia

Sends a telegram to Bismarck to solve the Constitutional Crisis in Prussia

Returns to power advocating tariffs, railways and western settlement.

Measures the Doppler shift of M31 and finds a very large approach velocity, the first radial-velocity measurement made for a spiral nebula.

Reports the response of King Albert to British expressions of sympathy and support for Belgium.

The British naval mission withdraws from Ottoman service as relations deteriorate before Turkey enters the war.

Seeks increased parliamentary provision for the expanding military demands of the war.

Stalins article "All Power to the Soviets!" appears in Rabochy Put, No. 13

Churchill agrees with Louis Loucher to set up an Inter Allied Munitions Council

Churchill agrees with Louis Loucher to set up an Inter Allied Munitions Council

Churchill agrees with Louis Loucher to set up an Inter Allied Munitions Council

Churchill agrees with Louis Loucher to set up an Inter Allied Munitions Council

Churchill agrees with Louis Loucher to set up an Inter Allied Munitions Council

Awarded the Bavarian Service Cross

Meets the French to discuss munitions

Stalins article "All Power to the Soviets!" appears in Rabochy Put, No. 13

Makes a speech at the Council of the League of Nations in favour of Russian membership

Litvinov also actively facilitates the acceptance of the USSR into the League of Nations where he represents his country from 1934-1938

Russia joins the League of Nations

Commands a Panzer force which captures Brest Litovsk

The Germans capture Brest Litovsk

Resigns & goes into exile in Romania

The Soviet Red Army invades the eastern regions of Poland in cooperation with Germany. Russian troops march into eastern Poland

The Soviets carry out their part of the secret appendix of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact dividing Eastern Europe into Nazi and Soviet spheres of influence. The Polish Government flees to Romania. Russia gives the order to invade eastern Poland which is undefended. Facing the second front, the Polish Government decides the defense of the Romanian bridgehead is no longer feasible and orders the evacuation of all troops to neutral Romania

The Germans capture Brest Litovsk

The Soviets carry out their part of the secret appendix of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, which divided Eastern Europe into Nazi and Soviet spheres of influence. The Russians invade Poland for 1 week. Russia gives the order to invade eastern Poland which is undefended

Facing the second front, the Polish Government decides the defense of the Romanian bridgehead is no longer feasible and orders the evacuation of all troops to neutral Romania

The Soviet Red Army invades the eastern regions of Poland in cooperation with Germany

Resigns & goes into exile in Romania

Resigns & goes into exile in Romania

Operation Sea Lion is postponed indefinitley

Maintains invasion readiness while Germany threatens a cross-Channel landing.

The Allies have occupied Tehran forcing the Shah to abdicate in favor of his son

The Allies have occupied Tehran forcing the Shah to abdicate in favor of his son

Russian & British troops occupy Tehran

Russian & British troops occupy Tehran

Olmi takes acting command of the Pasubio Division while it serves with the Italian 8th Army in Russia.

Colonel Leslie Groves is assigned command of the Manhattan Engineering District

Takes command of the Manhattan Project.

Colonel Leslie Groves is assigned command of the Manhattan Engineering District

Arena returns to command Ariete as the division rebuilds for the next British offensive.

The Los Alamos gun-assembly programme fires its first test shot while concentrating on a high-velocity plutonium gun design.

Airborne divisions land along the route to Arnhem as XXX Corps begins the ground advance.

In a bid to open the Belgian port of Antwerp to facilitate the shipment of supplies to Allied armies in France and cross the Lower Rhine river, American, British and Polish forces launch Operation Market Garden

In a bid to open the Belgian port of Antwerp to facilitate the shipment of supplies to Allied armies in France and cross the Lower Rhine river, American, British and Polish forces launch Operation Market Garden

Airborne troops were dropped in The Netherlands to secure key bridges and towns along the Allied axis of advance.

Farthest north, the British 1st Airborne Division, supported by men of the Glider Pilot Regiment and the 1st Polish Parachute Brigade, landed at Arnhem to secure bridges across the Nederrijn.

Initially expecting a walkover, British XXX Corps planned to reach the British airborne forces within two to three days. After sweeping through France and Belgium in the summer of 1944, the Allies were poised to enter The Netherlands.

Montgomery favoured a single thrust north over the Lower Rhine River, allowing the British Second Army to bypass the Siegfried Line and attack the Ruhr. To this end, the Allies launched Operation Market Garden

After sweeping through France and Belgium in the summer of 1944, the Allies were poised to enter The Netherlands. Montgomery favoured a single thrust north over the Lower Rhine River, allowing the British Second Army to bypass the Siegfried Line and attack the Ruhr. To this end, the Allies launched Operation Market Garden

Kerensky records his position on political lectures in exile.

The British Institute is burnt down

This record states: De Gaulle protested against the USA's strong role in the organization and what he perceived as a special relationship between it and the United Kingdom.

This record states: Eisenhower and Prime Minister Harold Macmillan on 17 September 1958, he argued for the creation of a tripartite directorate that would put France on an equal footing with the US and the UK.

This record states: In a memorandum sent to President Dwight D.

This record states: NATO's unity was breached early in its history with a crisis occurring during Charles de Gaulle's presidency of France.

Oswald booked passage from New Orleans to Le Havre aboard the freighter SS Marion Lykes on September 17, 1959.

Before sailing to Europe, Lee registered at the Liberty Hotel in New Orleans on the evening of September 17.

The Mexican consulate in New Orleans issued Oswald a tourist card on September 17, 1963, for travel to Mexico City.

Oswald applied for a Mexican tourist card as he prepared a trip that he hoped would enable travel through Cuba to the Soviet Union.

Performs Light My Fire on national television.

Refuses to alter Light My Fire lyrics for television.

The PLO is driven out of Jordan and forced to move to Lebanon

Discusses possible mutual force reductions in Europe with Willy Brandt.

Meets West German Chancellor Willy Brandt for extensive talks on European security and East-West relations.

Becomes first chairman of the House Select Committee on Assassinations.

Sponsors the House resolution creating the assassination investigation committee.

Supports the new committee investigation into the Kennedy and King assassinations.

The House created the Select Committee on Assassinations to conduct a new investigation of the Kennedy and King assassinations.

The House established the Select Committee on Assassinations after sustained congressional pressure for a new inquiry, including efforts led by Downing.

Your Generation enters the Official Singles Chart and reaches number thirty-six.

Signs the Camp David frameworks with Menachem Begin and Jimmy Carter after thirteen days of negotiations.

Mediates the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel, building on the post-1973 diplomatic process.

US President Carter, Menachem Begin of Israel and Anwar Sadat of Egypt sign agreements at Camp David. Israel promises to withdraw gradually from Sinai and to establish some form of autonomous Palestinian territory on the West Bank. Agrees to withdraw from Sinai & for elections in the West Bank & Gaza Strip

Accepts frameworks covering Egyptian-Israeli peace and proposed Palestinian self-government.

Agrees to withdraw from Sinai & for elections in the West Bank & Gaza Strip

Accepts a framework calling for negotiations on Palestinian self-government in the West Bank and Gaza.

Concludes the Camp David Accords establishing a framework for an Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty.

Hosts Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin at Camp David to negotiate a peace framework.

Israel promises to withdraw gradually from Sinai and to establish some form of autonomous Palestinian territory on the West Bank

The Camp David framework sets out the return of Sinai to Egypt in exchange for peace with Israel.

Secures a framework requiring phased Israeli withdrawal from Sinai.

Israel promises to withdraw gradually from Sinai and to establish some form of autonomous Palestinian territory on the West Bank

Israel promises to withdraw gradually from Sinai and to establish some form of autonomous Palestinian territory on the West Bank

Iraq breaks its 1975 Treaty with Iran & declares sovereignty over Shatt al-Arab

Makes a speech in the National Assembly declaring the agreement with Iraq null & void

Is assassinated in Paraguay after exile from Nicaragua.

Makes a speech in the National Assembly declaring the agreement with Iraq null & void

Forms a Progressive Conservative majority government.

"The Wall - Live In Berlin" is released

Thatcher visits Czechoslovakia

Interest rates are set at 10 percent, the day after Black Wednesday

Galileo performs another targeted Callisto encounter late in its primary mission.

Tony Abbott becomes Governor of Montserrat during volcano recovery

The Federal Reserve cuts interest rates to help prevent a recession

The Federal Reserve cuts interest rates to help prevent a recession

Huh Sung Kwan is appointed Home Secretary

Supports steps toward a bilateral trade agreement with the United States

Begins APC presidency after Kabbah leaves office

Benazir Bhutto accuses Pervez Musharrafs allies of pushing Pakistan into crisis by their refusal to permit democratic reforms and power-sharing

In an unprecedented move, the Chancellor says the Government will guarantee all savings of Northern Rock customers

Bhutto accuses Musharrafs allies of pushing Pakistan into crisis by their refusal to permit democratic reforms and power-sharing

In an unprecedented move, the Chancellor says the Government will guarantee all savings of Northern Rock customers

The Government guarantees existing Northern Rock retail deposits to stop the run.

Darling guarantees existing Northern Rock retail deposits to halt depositor withdrawals.

Benazir Bhutto accuses Musharraf's allies of obstructing democratic reform and power sharing.

Sworn in as President after winning the 2007 election

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed friendship treaties with Georgias breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and promised them the backing of Russias armed forces

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed friendship treaties with Georgias breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and promised them the backing of Russias armed forces

US President Barack Obama informs the Czech Republic and Poland that his administration has shelved Bush-era, Moscow-opposed plans to build missile shield bases on their territories

US President Barack Obama informs the Czech Republic and Poland that his administration has shelved Bush-era, Moscow-opposed plans to build missile shield bases on their territories

Leads Likud in a second Israeli general election after coalition talks fail.

Capital name is changed back from Nur-Sultan to Astana

Amadou Ba becomes Prime Minister when the office is restored

Birth of Ludwig Friedrich Leopold von Gerlach

Birth of Anne Bancroft, Anna Maria Louisa Italiano

Dies in Madrid and is succeeded by his son Charles II.

Philip IV dies, leaving the Spanish throne to his young son Charles II.

Death of Willy Messerschmitt

Dies after an armed attack on his vehicle in Paraguay.

Death of Anastasio Somoza Debayle

Death of Spiro Agnew

Commands the right wing Swedish forces

Gustavus joins up with Saxoy & confronts Tilly at Breitenfeld. Ferdinands Imperial army commanded by Tilly is defeated & Gustav takes Leipzig

Troops are routed while fighting for the Protestant alliance

Defeated by the Army of Gustavus Adolphus who then captures Magdeburg

The Swedes defeat the Imperial forces under Tilly. Emperor Ferdinand is forced to recall Wallenstein

Wins a victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld

Unionist General at the Battle of Antietam

The Confederates lose 2,700 dead & 9,000 wounded. The Battle paves the way for Lincolns Proclamation of Emancipation. Robert Lees plan to convert Maryland to the Confederate cause is defeated. A tactical stalemate but strategically very important for the Unionists

The Unionists lose 2,100 dead & 9,500 wounded. Blocks the Confederates under General Lee on Maryland & Washington DC

Robert Lees plan to convert Maryland to the Confederate cause is defeated

Unionist General at the Battle of Antietam

A Japanese naval victory

A Japanese naval victory

Bouwer leads Boer scouts and fighters into the attack that overwhelms the 17th Lancers at Modderfontein.

Reitz fights in the close attack on the 17th Lancers and obtains British equipment after the camp is overrun.

Sandeman rallies C Squadron of the 17th Lancers as Smuts's commando attacks their exposed camp from several directions.

Smuts attacks a camp of the 17th Lancers at Modderfontein and secures horses, weapons and supplies for his commando.

Van Deventer leads part of Smuts's commando around the British position during the attack at Modderfontein.

Is awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal.

The award recognizes his exceptional combat record with No. 303 Squadron.

Failure to gain air superiority prevents the planned invasion of Britain.

Postpones Operation Sea Lion until further notice.

Lieutenant Jack Grayburn led an attempt to secure the southern end of the bridge but was unsuccessful, and a later attempt using a flame thrower only succeeded in setting the freshly painted girders of the bridge alight. However, the British were able to make good their position and quickly repulsed the 10th SS Reconnaissance Battalion and other German units when they arrived to secure the bridge

1st day of the Battle of Arhem

Secures the Nijmegen Bridge & the South Bank of the Lek

Additionally, Major General Williams-commander of IX Troop Carrier Command-decided that it would only be possible for one air lift per day, meaning it would take three days to deliver the entire Division and Polish Brigade to the area

However, Urquhart was severely restricted in how he could prepare and deploy his troops.

Meanwhile, the first lift suffered only light losses as the aircraft and gliders flew from British bases to the target area.

Required to secure the road, rail and pontoon bridges over the Lower Rhine and hold them for two to three days until relieved by XXX Corps.

The US IX Troop Carrier Command were limited in their availability; with two more major drops taking place at the same time, there were insufficient carrier aircraft available to fly the entire division to The Netherlands in one lift.

The first arrivals were the 21st Independent Parachute Company at 12:40, who marked the landing zones for the gliders and parachutists in advance of the main landings.

The first lift was preceded by intense bombing and strafing raids made by the British Second Tactical Air Force and the American Eighth and 9th Air Forces. These targeted the known flak guns and German garrisons and barracks across the area.

The task of securing the Rhine Bridgehead fell to the 1st Airborne Division under the command of Major General Roy Urquhar.

Crowned King of Mercia & Kent