January 30 in History

Athelstan arranged the marriage of a sister to Sihtric, the Scandinavian ruler of York.

Refuses to flee London despite news of Wyatt's advance.

Comes under suspicion because rebels discuss replacing Mary with her.

Appointed Pope, the last pontiff to serve during the Counter-Reformation

Detailed articles supporting Strafford's impeachment are delivered to the House of Lords.

Parliament pays a 400,000 pounds ransom to Charles Scottish captors

Represents Spanish interests in negotiations with the Dutch Republic.

Rules as Spain recognises the sovereignty of the Dutch Republic.

Helps secure Spanish recognition of Dutch independence.

Bruges remains in the Spanish Netherlands after the Peace of Westphalia.

Recognises the independence of the Dutch Republic in the Treaty of Munster.

Serves on the Dutch delegation at Munster.

Represents Spanish interests in negotiations with the Dutch Republic.

Secures international recognition of Dutch sovereignty.

The Dutch Republic's independence is recognised by Spain.

Pauw helps negotiate Dutch recognition in the Treaty of Munster.

Recognises the independence of the Dutch Republic after decades of revolt.

Spain recognises the independence of the Dutch Republic in the wider Westphalian settlement.

Executes Charles I

Charles I is executed outside the Banqueting House after conviction for treason.

Says to Bishop Juxon, "I go from a corruptible crown to an uncorruptible crown"

Walks from St James Palace to his execution at Whitehall

Executed in front of the Whitehall Banqueting House; Charles II is proclaimed king in Scotland after the execution

Charles I was executed, removing the monarch and beginning republican government.

The interregnum lasts until 1660, ended by the restoration of Charles II. 1st day of the Interregnum, rule without monarchy

Bradshaw's body is posthumously hanged at Tyburn for presiding over the trial of Charles I.

Cromwell's body is posthumously hanged at Tyburn as part of the Restoration punishment of regicide leaders.

Ireton's body is posthumously hanged at Tyburn for his role in the Commonwealth regime.

A truce for 13 years and a half, signed in 1667 between Muscovy and the Polishn Commonwealth, which were at war since 1654 over the territories of modern day Ukraine and Belarus

Under the Treaty of Andrusovo Poland cedes Czernihow Voivodships to Russia

Under the Treaty of Andrusovo Russia gains control of Kiev

Under the Treaty of Andrusovo Poland cedes Smolensk to Russia

Under the Treaty of Andrusovo Poland cedes parts of Ukraine to Russia

A truce for 13 years between Russia & Poland over the Ukraine and Belarus

Signed by Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin (Russia) and Jerzy Chlebowicz (Poland) in the village of Andrusovo near Smolensk

Under the Treaty of Andrusovo Poland cedes Czernihow Voivodships to Russia

Under the Treaty of Andrusovo Russia gains control of Kiev

Under the Treaty of Andrusovo Poland cedes Smolensk to Russia

Under the Treaty of Andrusovo Poland cedes parts of Ukraine to Russia

Under the Treaty of Andrusovo Poland agrees to cede the Smolensk and Czernihow Voivodships and acknowledges Russian control over the Left-bank Ukraine. Signed by Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin (Russia) and Jerzy Chlebowicz (Poland) in a village of Andrusovo not far from Smolensk

Under the Treaty of Andrusovo Poland agrees to cede the Smolensk and Czernihow Voivodships and acknowledges Russian control over the Left-bank Ukraine. Signed by Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin (Russia) and Jerzy Chlebowicz (Poland) in a village of Andrusovo not far from Smolensk

The city of Kiev had to remain with Russia only until 1669, but Russia managed to keep it by signing the Eternal Peace Treaty with Poland in 1686

Montclar directs French operations that dismantle the fortifications of Speyer during the scorched-earth withdrawal.

Reaches about 71 degrees 10 minutes south, farther south than any recorded navigator before him, but finds only ice and no temperate southern continent

Elected president of the National Assembly

Honore Gabriel Mirabeau was elected president of the National Assembly.

Heads east through the Straits of Messina in pursuit of the French fleet.

Nelson passes through the Straits of Messina while searching for Villeneuve after the Toulon blockade is disrupted.

Appointed Colonel of the 33rd Regiment

Sights the Trinity Peninsula area during the British survey voyage, becoming one of the earliest recorded observers of Antarctic land

Founds the Halle Orchestra

The republican constitution is passed by 1 vote

The Discovery follows the Barrier to its eastern extremity where, on 30 January, the land predicted by Ross was confirmed, and named King Edward VII Land

The Discovery follows the Barrier to its eastern extremity where, on 30 January, the land predicted by Ross was confirmed, and named King Edward VII Land

Wilson strains a tendon during the return journey but continues travelling with the polar party.

Trotsky resumes peace talks

Negotiations are resumed with strikes & anti-war demonstrations spreading from Berlin. At this stage Trotskys policy of procrastination seems to be paying off

League officials monitor humanitarian effects of the Greek-Turkish exchange.

Greek refugee settlement becomes a major League concern.

British troops withdraw from the Rhineland

Directs Pandora's Box starring Louise Brooks.

Appoints Adolf Hitler Chancellor at the head of a Nazi DNVP coalition, ending the last Weimar attempt to contain the Nazi movement through conservative cabinet politics.

Becomes Chancellor after Hindenburg appoints him to lead a coalition cabinet with Nazi and German Nationalist ministers.

Forms a Cabinet without Socialists, will not adhere to the Socialist financial program

Enters Hitler's first cabinet as Reich Interior Minister, giving the Nazis direct influence over internal administration and police policy.

Receives a cabinet post and gains increasing authority in Prussia, allowing Nazi control over Germany's largest police apparatus.

Represents the German Nationalist coalition partners in Hitler's first cabinet as Minister of Economics and Agriculture.

Joins Hitler's cabinet as Vice Chancellor, believing conservative ministers can control the new Chancellor from inside the Government.

Hindenburg asks Hitler to form a Government

The "National Revolution" is followed by a "Lawful Revolution". The Government rules by Presidential decree as a coalition of "National accord"

Calls for a Rechstag election for 5th March

As Vice Chancellor believes he can contain Hitler & use him to gain supreme power

Appointed Minister of Communications

Appointed Minister of Economics

Appointed Minister of the Interior

Appointed Minister of Justice

Appointed Minister of Labour

Appointed Minister President for Prussia

Blomberg becomes one of Hitler's most devoted followers, and as such is nicknamed "Rubber Lion" by some of his critics in the army who were less than enthusiastic about Hitler

Blomberg becomes one of Hitler's most devoted followers, and as such is nicknamed "Rubber Lion" by some of his critics in the army who were less than enthusiastic about Hitler. Appointed Minister of Defence

Appointed Minister of Defence

Appointed Vice Chancellor

All political parties are banned except for the "Fatherland Front"

The Act transfers monetary gold to the Treasury and changes the official gold value.

The Gold Reserve Act transfers monetary gold to the Treasury and prohibits dollar redemption in gold.

All political parties are banned except for the "Fatherland Front"

Proclaims to the Reichstag Germany's withdrawal from the Treaty of Versailles

Hitler publicly repeats an assurance of neutrality and territorial inviolability for Belgium and the Netherlands.

Hitler says Germany is prepared to recognize and guarantee the inviolability and neutrality of Belgium and the Netherlands.

After repudiating Locarno in 1936, Hitler presents bilateral neutrality guarantees as an alternative western security policy.

Hitler uses a Reichstag speech to offer neutrality guarantees to Belgium and the Netherlands after Locarno's collapse.

Proclaims to the Reichstag "withdrawal of the German signature" from Versailles. Addresses the Reichstag proclaiming "withdrawal" from the Treaty of Versailles

Franco forms his first Ministry

Franco forms his first Ministry

Mussolini, Chamberlain and Daladier agree to the German claims to the Sudetenland

Prior to the beginning of World War II, during a speech (the six year anniversary of his accession to power), Hitler foretold the coming Holocaust of European Jewry

Makes a speech praising the Italian Government & its leader Mussolini

Prior to the beginning of World War II, during a speech (the six year anniversary of his accession to power), Hitler foretold the coming Holocaust of European Jewry

"the result of the war will be the complete annihilation of the Jews". Celebrates his 9th anniversary of power

Appointed Commander of the German Navy, directs the U-boat offensive

Appointed Commander of the German Navy, directs the U-boat offensive

Disagrees with Hitler's strategy of scrapping the surface fleet & retires

Visits Turkey to get it to join the Allies, Turkey refuses because it distrusts Russia

Jodl is promoted to Generaloberst while continuing as chief of the OKW Operations Staff.

Decides to attack through Cisterna & Camoleone but is pushed back

Directs Kolberg, one of the last major Nazi-era productions.

Arrested for the assassination of Gandhi

Assassinated by a Hindu journalist

Assassinates Gandhi

Asssasinates Gandhi in the garden of Birla house by shooting 3 times at him

Russia recoginzes Ho Chi Minhs claim to represent the whole of Vietnam

Britain signs a treaty with Norway, Denmark and Sweden for more economic cooperation

Meets British Prime Minister Anthony Eden in Washington for talks on international affairs.

McCone explained AEC concerns that proposed improvements in detecting underground nuclear tests remained theoretical and required experimental validation.

Hawkins gives senior CIA and military officers a detailed briefing on the proposed Cuban strike plan.

Lee wrote John Connally asking for help overturning his Marine discharge, mistakenly believing Connally remained Secretary of the Navy.

General Nguyen Khanh led a coup replacing Duong Van Minh as Prime Minister

General Nguyen Khanh led a coup replacing Duong Van Minh as Prime Minister

General Nguyen Khanh led a coup replacing Duong Van Minh as Prime Minister. General Duong Van Minh is placed under house arrest, but was allowed to remain as a figurehead chief-of-state

General Duong Van Minh is placed under house arrest, but was allowed to remain as a figurehead chief-of-state

Seizes power from Duong Van Minh's military junta

9:35am the bearer party of Grenadier Guards removes the coffin from the Catafalque

Announces Churchills body will lie-in-state at the Palace of Westminster for 3 days

Releases White Light White Heat, pushing the Velvet Underground toward a harsher experimental rock sound.

George Harrison completes the recording work on the "Wonderwall" album

Marries Marc Bolan

Faces questions over army conduct after the shootings.

The army command faces scrutiny after Derry.

Helps lead the civil rights march in Derry.

Witnesses the shootings during the civil rights march.

Is killed while fleeing the shooting.

Is among those killed on Bloody Sunday.

Is shot dead during Bloody Sunday in Derry.

Faces crisis as Stormont authority collapses after the killings.

Army decisions before the march later face inquiry scrutiny.

Is killed during the army operation in Derry.

Faces crisis after soldiers kill unarmed civil rights marchers in Derry.

Faces political crisis after Bloody Sunday during the Northern Ireland Troubles.

Receives reports after soldiers shoot civil rights marchers in Derry.

Condemns the killings after the Derry march.

Is wounded and later counted among the dead.

Is killed by gunfire during the Derry march.

Commands Support Company in the Derry operation.

Handles political response to Northern Ireland violence.

Takes part in the march and later writes about it.

Is shot while going to help another victim.

Is killed in the Bogside area during the shootings.

Commands 1 Para during the Derry operation.

Paratroopers open fire on rioting Catholics in Londonderry killing 13. 14 unarmed are were killed by British soldiers during an illegal march in Londonderry

Paratroopers open fire on rioting Catholics in Londonderry killing 13

Just ten days after Richard Nixon's second inauguration, Liddy and McCord were convicted on charges conspiracy, burglary, and wiretapping

Just ten days after Richard Nixon's second inauguration, Liddy and McCord were convicted on charges conspiracy, burglary, and wiretapping

Liddy was sentenced to a 20-year prison term and was ordered to pay $40,000 in fines. He began serving the sentence on January 30, 1973

Just ten days after Richard Nixon's second inauguration, Liddy and McCord were convicted on charges conspiracy, burglary, and wiretapping

Just ten days after Richard Nixon's second inauguration, Liddy and McCord were convicted on charges conspiracy, burglary, and wiretapping

Is convicted of conspiracy, burglary and wiretapping for his role in the Watergate operation after refusing to plead guilty.

Is convicted of conspiracy, burglary and wiretapping after standing trial for his participation in the Watergate break-in.

Former Nixon aides G. Gordon Liddy and James W. McCord Jr. are convicted of conspiracy, burglary and wiretapping in the Watergate incident. Five other men plead guilty, but mysteries remain

Just ten days after Richard Nixon's second inauguration, Liddy and McCord were convicted on charges conspiracy, burglary, and wiretapping

Just ten days after Richard Nixon's second inauguration, Liddy and McCord were convicted on charges conspiracy, burglary, and wiretapping

Just ten days after Richard Nixon's second inauguration, Liddy and McCord were convicted on charges conspiracy, burglary, and wiretapping

The United Nations adopts a resolution to hold free & open elections under its supervision

The United Nations adopts a resolution to hold free & open elections under its supervision

Addresses Commons questions on the Department's anti-waste programme.

Addresses Commons questions involving the Building Societies Association and housing finance.

Addresses Commons questions on the Government's inner-city policy.

Answers parliamentary questions concerning controls on local-authority expenditure.

Addresses Commons questions on regeneration of London Docklands.

Answers parliamentary questions concerning the Property Services Agency.

Addresses the Commons on the proposed use of urban development corporations.

Visits President Reagan at the Whitehouse

Answers a parliamentary question concerning energy-efficiency policy.

Appointed Foreign Minister

Appointed Prime Minister of Bosnia & Herzogovinia

Hasan Muratovic becomes Prime Minister during the post-Dayton transition

Resigns as the Prime Minister of Bosnia & Herzogovinia

States he has been HIV positive for 17 yrs

Appointed manager of Leeds United

Birth of William Jener

Franklin Delano Roosevelt is born at Hyde Park, New York.

Birth of Franklin Delano Roosevelt

The future Democratic president is born into the Roosevelt family.

Birth of Douglas Engelbart

Birth of Olaf Palme

Birth of Vanessa Redgrave

Birth of Philip David Charles Collins, later Genesis drummer, vocalist and solo artist.

Birth of Abdullah II

Says to Bishop Juxon, "I go from a corruptible crown to an uncorruptible crown"

Walks from St James Palace to his execution at Whitehall

Death of Charles I

Dies of smallpox age 14 on the day set for his wedding to one of the Dolgoruky family

Death of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, assassinated by a Hindu journalist

Death of Orville Wright

Death of John Barry Prendergast

Defeats The Netherlands Army at Gembloux, Brabant

The Spanish harry and defeat Dutch causing 10,000 casualties while losing only 100 of their own. Don John defeats the Northern Netherlands Army at Gembloux, Brabant

Driven out of Moulmein by the Japanese & forced to withdraw across the Salween

Makes Paulus Field Marshal because a German Field Marshal has never been captured

Hitler promotes Paulus to Field Marshal because no Field Marshal has ever surenderred

Coalition aircraft strike Iraqi columns and reinforce Saudi and Qatari defenders.