On this date in world history

July 8 in History

Browse historical events, births, deaths and battles recorded on July 8. Every item below is rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.

Events: 171Births: 2Deaths: 11Battles: 3Coronations: 1

Historical Events on July 8

1249
Reballion of Rebels in Kerrera
Alexander II · Scotland · Kerrera

Killed on the Island of Kerrara leading an expedition against the Norwegian Earls

1265
Siege of Pevensey
Simon de Montfort, Jnr · England · Pevensey

Departs from his siege of Pevensey to support his father who is near Worcester

1497
Cape Good Hope
Vasco de Gama · Portugal · Cape Good Hope

Sets sail for India attempting to be the first to make the journey around Africa

1521
Capture of Shabotz
Suleyman I the Magnificent · Turkey · Shabotz

The Turks capture Shabotz

1536
Peerage
Thomas Cromwell · England · Wimbledon

Raised to the peerage as Baron Cromwell of Wimbledon

1540
Marriage
Anne of Cleves · England · London

The Church marriage tribunal finds Henry VIIIs marriage to Anne of Cleves is invalid. Sends a message to Henry VIII saying that only God can part them

1540
Marriage
Henry VIII · England · London

The Church marriage tribunal finds Henry VIII's marriage to Anne of Cleves invalid

1549
Kett's Rebellion
Edward VI · England · Wymondham

Unrest over enclosure begins at Wymondham and develops into Kett's Rebellion against local abuses and land enclosure.

1556
Execution
John Daniel · England · London

Daniel is executed after the Dudley conspiracy is uncovered

1556
Execution
Henry Peckham · England · London

Peckham is executed for involvement in the Dudley conspiracy

1573
Edict of Boulogne-sur-Mer
Charles IX · France · Boulogne-sur-Mer

The Edict of Boulogne, also called the Edict of Pacification of Boulogne and the Peace of La Rochelle, is signed by King Charles IX of France in the Chateau de Madrid in the Bois de Boulogne

1573
Edict of Boulogne-sur-Mer
Charles IX · France · Boulogne-sur-Mer

The Edict of Boulogne-sur-Mer ends the 4th War of Religion favorably for the Huguenots

1573
Edict of Boulogne-sur-Mer
Charles IX · France · Boulogne-sur-Mer

The Edict of Boulogne-sur-Mer officially ends the 4th phase of the French Wars of Religion (set off by the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August 1572

1573
Edict of Boulogne-sur-Mer
Charles IX · France · Boulogne-sur-Mer

Huguenots are granted an amnesty for their past actions and the freedom of belief

1573
Edict of Boulogne-sur-Mer
Charles IX · France · Boulogne-sur-Mer

Huguenots are permitted the freedom to worship only within the towns of La Rochelle, Montauban, and Nimes within their own residences

1573
Edict of Boulogne-sur-Mer
Charles IX · France · Boulogne-sur-Mer

The Edict of Boulogne-sur-Mer officially ends the 4th phase of the French Wars of Religion (set off by the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August 1572

1573
Huguenots
Henry III · France · Boulogne-sur-Mer

The Edict of Boulogne-sur-Mer ends the 4th War of Religion favorably for the Huguenots

1648
Invasion of England
James Hamilton · Scotland

Leads an inexperienced Army into England

1648
Invasion of England
William Keith · Scotland

Joins Hamiltons expedition into England

1672
Lifetime Military Commands
William III of Orange · England · The Hague

William III of Orange receives the offices of Captain-General and Admiral-General for life as his authority expands during the war.

1672
Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland
William III of Orange · England · The Hague

William III of Orange becomes stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland as the Dutch Republic faces invasion.

1716
Dynekilen Setback
Charles XII · Sweden · Dynekilen

Loses naval supply support after the Swedish transport fleet is attacked.

1741
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
Jonathan Edwards · United States of America · Enfield

Edwards delivered his influential Great Awakening sermon at Enfield, Connecticut.

1758
Siege of Carillon
Ralph Abercromby · Great Britain · Carillon

Defeated by the French at Carillon

1789
National Assembly
Mirabeau · France · Paris

Addresses the National Assembly demanding withrawal of troops called up by de Broglie

1789
National Assembly
Mirabeau · France · Paris

Mirabeau addressed the National Assembly demanding withrawal of troops called up by de Broglie.

1789
Siege of Paris
Mirabeau · France · Paris

Addresses the National Assembly demanding withrawal of troops called up by de Broglie

1789
Support for Troop Withdrawal
Lafayette · France · Versailles

Lafayette supported Mirabeau's demand that troops concentrated around Paris and Versailles be withdrawn.

1789
Troop Withdrawal Demand
Honore Gabriel Mirabeau · France · Versailles

Mirabeau demanded the withdrawal of troops concentrated around Paris and Versailles during the escalating July crisis.

1815
Restoration
Arthur Wellesley · Great Britain · Paris

Louis XVIII is restored to the French throne

1815
Succession
Napoleon II · France

The French Legislative Assemblies vote for the restoration of Louis XVIII

1833
Alliance Agreement at Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

The Treaty brought about an alliance between the two powers, as well as a guarantee that the Ottomans would close the Dardanelles to any foreign warships if the Russians requested such action.

1833
Alliance Agreement at Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

The Treaty brought about an alliance between the two powers, as well as a guarantee that the Ottomans would close the Dardanelles to any foreign warships if the Russians requested such action.

1833
circumstances of the moment may appear to require
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

the circumstances of the moment may appear to require.

1833
Of the Treaty
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

This record states: These two statements were indicative of how seriously the terms of the Treaty were taken by the Western powers.

1833
Of the Treaty
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

Great Britain and Ireland, as the terms of the Treaty worried the other great powers of Europe.

1833
Of the Treaty
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

The French also issued a similar statement regarding their concerns about possible Russian military interference. These two statements were indicative of how seriously the terms of the Treaty were taken by the Western powers

1833
This record states: In any manner
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

This record states: In any manner which the circumstances of the moment may appear to require.¿ The French also issued a similar statement regarding their concerns about possible Russian military interference.

1833
This record states: The British Government will hold itself at liberty to
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

This record states: The British Government will hold itself at liberty to act upon such an occasion.

1833
Treaty Negotiations at Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

The British protested the Treaty, claiming that it violated the Anglo-Ottoman Treaty of 1809, which set forth terms that no foreign warship would be allowed to enter the straits.

1833
Treaty Negotiations at Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

The Treaty would have significant consequences regarding the Ottoman Empire'gs foreign relations, especially with Great Britain and Ireland, as the terms of the Treaty worried the other great powers of Europe.

1833
Treaty Negotiations at Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

This record states: Their formal protest concluded ¿if the stipulations of that Treaty (Unkiar Skelessi) should hereafter lead to the armed interference of Russia in the internal affairs of Turkey.

1833
Treaty Negotiations at Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

The British protested the Treaty, claiming that it violated the Anglo-Ottoman Treaty of 1809, which set forth terms that no foreign warship would be allowed to enter the straits.

1833
Treaty Negotiations at Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

The Treaty would have significant consequences regarding the Ottoman Empire'gs foreign relations, especially with Great Britain and Ireland, as the terms of the Treaty worried the other great powers of Europe. he Treaty would have significant consequences regarding the Ottoman Empire¿s foreign relations, especially with

1833
Treaty Negotiations at Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

Their formal protest concluded if the stipulations of that Treaty (Unkiar Skelessi) should hereafter lead to the armed interference of Russia in the internal affairs of Turkey, the British Government will hold itself at liberty to act upon such an occasion, in any manner which

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

Great Britain and Ireland, as the terms of the Treaty worried the other great powers of Europe.

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

The British protested the Treaty, claiming that it violated the Anglo-Ottoman Treaty of 1809, which set forth terms that no foreign warship would be allowed to enter the straits.

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

The French also issued a similar statement regarding their concerns about possible Russian military interference. These two statements were indicative of how seriously the terms of the Treaty were taken by the Western powers

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

The Treaty brought about an alliance between the two powers, as well as a guarantee that the Ottomans would close the Dardanelles to any foreign warships if the Russians requested such action.

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

The Treaty of "the Royal Pier" or "the Sultan's Pier" was signed between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire on July 8, 1833, following the military aid of Russia against Mehmed Ali that same year.

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

The Treaty would have significant consequences regarding the Ottoman Empire'gs foreign relations, especially with Great Britain and Ireland, as the terms of the Treaty worried the other great powers of Europe. he Treaty would have significant consequences regarding the Ottoman Empire¿s foreign relations, especially with

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

Their formal protest concluded if the stipulations of that Treaty (Unkiar Skelessi) should hereafter lead to the armed interference of Russia in the internal affairs of Turkey, the British Government will hold itself at liberty to act upon such an occasion, in any manner which

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

the circumstances of the moment may appear to require.

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

Great Britain and Ireland, as the terms of the Treaty worried the other great powers of Europe.

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

The British protested the Treaty, claiming that it violated the Anglo-Ottoman Treaty of 1809, which set forth terms that no foreign warship would be allowed to enter the straits.

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

The French also issued a similar statement regarding their concerns about possible Russian military interference. These two statements were indicative of how seriously the terms of the Treaty were taken by the Western powers

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

The Treaty brought about an alliance between the two powers, as well as a guarantee that the Ottomans would close the Dardanelles to any foreign warships if the Russians requested such action.

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

The Treaty of "the Royal Pier" or "the Sultan's Pier" was signed between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire on July 8, 1833, following the military aid of Russia against Mehmed Ali that same year.

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

The Treaty would have significant consequences regarding the Ottoman Empire'gs foreign relations, especially with Great Britain and Ireland, as the terms of the Treaty worried the other great powers of Europe. he Treaty would have significant consequences regarding the Ottoman Empire¿s foreign relations, especially with

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

Their formal protest concluded if the stipulations of that Treaty (Unkiar Skelessi) should hereafter lead to the armed interference of Russia in the internal affairs of Turkey, the British Government will hold itself at liberty to act upon such an occasion, in any manner which

1833
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

the circumstances of the moment may appear to require.

1833
Treaty Signed at Unkiar Skelessi
Mahmud II · Turkey · Unkiar Skelessi

The Treaty of "the Royal Pier" or "the Sultan's Pier" was signed between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire on July 8, 1833, following the military aid of Russia against Mehmed Ali that same year.

1833
Treaty Signed at Unkiar Skelessi
Nicholas I · Russia · Unkiar Skelessi

The Treaty of "the Royal Pier" or "the Sultan's Pier" was signed between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire on July 8, 1833, following the military aid of Russia against Mehmed Ali that same year.

1835
Revolution of the Reforms
Venezuela · Caracas

Military officers launched the Revolution of the Reforms and temporarily removed President Jose Maria Vargas.

1846
Constitution of Denmark
Christian VIII · Denmark

Declares the state indivisible & heritable by females

1846
Constitution of Denmark
Christian VIII · Denmark · Schleswig-Holst

Declares Schleswig-Holstein indivisible from the rest of Denmark

1846
Rule of Schleswig-Holstein
Christian VIII · Denmark · Schleswig-Holst

Declares Schleswig-Holstein indivisible from the rest of Denmark

1859
Armistice
Franz Josef I · Austria

France & Austria agree an armistice

1859
Armistice
Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de MacMahon · France

France & Austria agree an armistice

1859
Succession
Charles XV · Sweden · Stockholm

Succeeds as King of Sweden

1866
Crossing of the Po
Enrico Cialdini · Italy · Po River

Cialdini crosses the lower Po and advances into Venetia after Austria redeploys troops northward.

1906
Duma
Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin · Russia · Moscow

The 1st Duma is closed by the Tsar

1906
Prime Minister of Russia
Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin · Russia

Appointed Chairman of the Council of Minister's

1913
Arrest of Sylvia Pankhurst
Sylvia Pankhurst · Great Britain · London

Sentenced to 3 months for inciting suffragettes to bomb Lloyd George's Surrey home

1913
Militant Suffrage Arson
Edith Rigby · Great Britain · Rivington

Uses property destruction to protest women's political exclusion.

1913
Plot
Sylvia Pankhurst · Great Britain · London

Sentenced to 3 months for inciting suffragettes to bomb Lloyd George's Surrey home

1913
Reform of Parliament
Henry Herbert Asquith · Great Britain · London

The Commons passes a Bill to disestablish the Church in Wales, rejected by the Lords

1913
Rivington Pike Bungalow Fire
Edith Rigby · Great Britain · Rivington

Claims responsibility for burning Lord Leverhulme's empty bungalow.

1913
Welsh Church Commons Passage
Henry Herbert Asquith · Great Britain · London

The Commons passes the Welsh disestablishment bill before Lords rejection.

1917
July Days
Alexander Fedorovich Kerensky · Russia · Petrograd

Takes over as head of the Provisional Government.

1917
July Days Aftermath
Alexander Fedorovich Kerensky · Russia · Petrograd

Uses the crisis to strengthen government authority.

1917
Kerensky Offensive
Aleksei Alekseevich Brusilov · Russia · Mogilev

Sees the offensive weaken as soldiers refuse renewed attacks.

1917
Kerensky Offensive
Dmitri Grigoryevich Shcherbachev · Russia · Galicia

Attempts to hold gains as Russian units begin to disintegrate.

1919
Dismissal
Maustafa Kemal Ataturk · Turkey · Istanbul

Dismissed by the Sultan

1919
End of Kramar Government
Karel Kramar · Czech Republic · Prague

The Kramar Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

1919
First Tusar Government
Vlastimil Tusar · Czech Republic · Prague

Begins the First Tusar Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

1926
Boards of Guardians Bill
Arthur Greenwood · Great Britain · London

Takes a prominent part in debate on powers over defaulting Boards of Guardians.

1926
End of Third Jon Magnusson Government
Jon Magnusson · Iceland · Reykjavik

The Third Jon Magnusson Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.

1926
Jon Thorlaksson Government
Jon Thorlaksson · Iceland · Reykjavik

Begins the Jon Thorlaksson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.

1926
Prime Minister of Iceland
Jon Porl ksson · Iceland

Appointed Prime Minister of Iceland

1933
Concordat
Adolf Hitler · Germany

Papen & Cardinal Pacelli sign the German concordat with Rome

1933
Concordat
Franz von Papen · Germany

Papen & Cardinal Pacelli sign the German concordat with Rome

1933
Papen & Cardinal Pacelli sign the German concordat with Rome
Adolf Hitler · Germany · Berlin

Papen & Cardinal Pacelli sign the German concordat with Rome

1937
Saadabad Pact
Mohammad Zahir Shah · Afghanistan · Tehran

Afghanistan signs the Saadabad Pact with Iran, Iraq, and Turkey.

1939
Birmingham Airport
Neville Bosworth · Great Britain · Birmingham

Birmingham's municipal airport opens at Elmdon shortly before the Second World War.

1940
Ambassador
Otto Abetz · Germany · Vichy Government

Appointed Ambassador of France with the collaborationist regime at Vichy

1940
Ambassador
Otto Abetz · Germany · Vichy Government

Appointed Ambassador of France with the collaborationist regime at Vichy

1942
Command of Littorio
Emilio Becuzzi · Italy · North Africa

Becuzzi assumes temporary command of the Littorio Armoured Division during the summer fighting in Egypt.

1942
Siege of Dieppe
Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill · Great Britain · Dieppe

The raid on Dieppe is postponed because of bad weather

1942
Siege of Dieppe
Bernard Law Montgomery · Great Britain · Dieppe

Troops cannot embark for the raid on Dieppe because of bad weather, it is postponed

1944
Abdication
Hirohito · Japan

Members of Hirohitos family secretly agree he should abdicate in favour of Akihito

1944
Operation Charnwood
Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill · Great Britain · Caen

1st day of the operation launched by Montgomery to capture Caen

1944
Operation Charnwood
John Tredinnick Crocker · Great Britain · Caen

Crocker's I Corps coordinated three divisions in the direct assault on Caen.

1944
Operation Charnwood
Miles Christopher Dempsey · Great Britain · Caen

Dempsey directed the British and Canadian corps attacking into northern Caen.

1944
Operation Charnwood
Harry Wickwire Foster · Canada · Caen

Foster's brigade fought through the western approaches during the capture of northern Caen.

1944
Operation Charnwood
Rodney Frederick Leopold Keller · Canada · Caen

Keller's division advanced from the west toward the centre of Caen.

1944
Operation Charnwood
Kurt Meyer · Germany · Caen

Meyer defended the north-western approaches before withdrawing surviving forces across the Orne.

1944
Operation Charnwood
Bernard Law Montgomery · Great Britain · Caen

Montgomery launched Charnwood to capture northern Caen and force German troops behind the Orne.

1944
Operation Charnwood
Bernard Law Montgomery · Great Britain · Caen

1st day of the operation launched by Montgomery to capture Caen

1944
Operation Charnwood
Thomas Gordon Rennie · Great Britain · Caen

Rennie's division advanced into the eastern districts of Caen during Charnwood.

1944
Siege of Caen
Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill · Great Britain · Caen

1st day of the operation launched by Montgomery to capture Caen

1944
Siege of Caen
Bernard Law Montgomery · Great Britain · Caen

1st day of the operation launched by Montgomery to capture Caen

1948
President of Panama
Domingo Diaz Arosemena · Panama

Appointed President of Panama

1950
Commander in Chief
Douglas MacArthur · United States of America

Appointed Commander in Chief, United Nations forces in the Korean War

1950
Commander in Chief
Douglas MacArthur · United States of America

Appointed Commander in Chief, United Nations forces in the Korean War

1950
Commander in Chief
Douglas MacArthur · United States of America

Appointed Commander in Chief, United Nations forces in the Korean War

1950
United Nations
Douglas MacArthur · United States of America

Appointed Commander in Chief, United Nations forces in the Korean War

1955
26th of July Movement
Ernesto "Che" Guevara · Argentina

Rapounds l Castro introduces Guevara to the older Castro brother, Fidel, during a fervid overnight conversation, Guevara becomes convinced Fidel is the inspirational revolutionary leader for whom he had been searching

1961
Budget
Nikita Sergeyevich Khruschev · Russia · Moscow

Announces the Defence budget will be increased by 30%

1961
Defense Budget Increase
Nikita Sergeyevich Khruschev · Russia · Moscow

Announces a major increase in Soviet defense spending during the renewed Berlin confrontation.

1961
Unannounced Moscow Embassy Visit
Lee Harvey Oswald · United States of America · Moscow

Lee appeared unexpectedly at the closed American Embassy on July 8 and contacted consul Richard Snyder by telephone.

1962
League and Cup Double
Miguel Munoz · Spain · Madrid

Completes a league and Copa del Generalisimo double by defeating Sevilla 2-1 in the cup final.

1970
Labour Deputy Leadership
Roy Harris Jenkins · Great Britain · London

Wins the Labour deputy leadership after the election defeat.

1971
White House Security Consultant Status
Everette Howard Hunt · United States of America · Washington

CIA's morning meeting recorded that John Ehrlichman had informed Deputy Director Robert Cushman that Hunt had become a White House security consultant.

1972
Government
Richard Milhous Nixon · United States of America

The 5th round of the SALT talks begins in Helsinki

1972
Nuclear Arms Control
Richard Milhous Nixon · United States of America

The 5th round of the SALT talks begins in Helsinki

1974
Nixon Supreme Court Argument
James Draper St. Clair · United States of America · Washington

Defends Nixon before the Supreme Court, arguing that presidential confidentiality protects the subpoenaed Watergate recordings from judicial compulsion.

1974
President of Austria
Rudolf Kirchschlager · Austria

Appointed President of Austria

1974
United States v Nixon Argument
Leon Jaworski · United States of America · Washington

Argues before the Supreme Court that the criminal justice process requires access to subpoenaed presidential recordings despite Nixon's executive privilege claim.

1975
Cabinet Leadership
Christian Alusine Kamara-Taylor · Sierra Leone · Freetown

Leads the cabinet under President Stevens before the office is abolished

1975
Prime Minister Appointed
Christian Alusine Kamara-Taylor · Sierra Leone · Freetown

Appointed Prime Minister after Sorie Ibrahim Koroma leaves office

1978
Election
Sandro Martini · Italy

Wins the Presidential election

1978
Election
Alessandro Pertini · Italy

Elected President of Italy

1979
Adrastea Discovery
David Jewitt · Great Britain · Jupiter

With G. Edward Danielson, identifies Adrastea in Voyager 2 images of Jupiter's ring region.

1981
Demonstrations
Margaret Hilda Thatcher · Great Britain · Manchester

Moss Side in Manchester experiences its first of 2 days disorder

1986
President of Austria
Kurt Waldheim · Austria

Appointed President of Austria

1986
Prime Minister of Tunisia
Rachid Sfar · Tunisia · Tunis

Rachid Sfar became prime minister and introduced an economic stabilization programme.

1987
End of First Steingrimur Hermannsson Government
Steingrimur Hermannsson · Iceland · Reykjavik

The First Steingrimur Hermannsson Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.

1987
Prime Minister of Iceland
Posteinn P lsson · Iceland

Appointed Prime Minister of Iceland

1987
Shadow Minister
Anthony Charles Lynton Blair · Great Britain

Appointed Spokesman on the City & Consumer Affairs. Appointed Deputy to Bryan Gould, Shadow Trade & Industry Secretary

1987
Thorsteinn Palsson Government
Thorsteinn Palsson · Iceland · Reykjavik

Begins the Thorsteinn Palsson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.

1989
President of Argentina
Carlos Saul Menem · Argentina · Buenos Aires

Appointed President of Argentina, 1st term

1990
Germany World Cup Captain
Lothar Matthaus · Germany · Rome

Captains West Germany to its third World Cup title.

1990
Germany World Cup Title Manager
Franz Beckenbauer · Germany · Rome

Becomes a World Cup winner as manager after previously lifting the trophy as captain.

1990
World Cup Final Penalty
Andreas Brehme · Germany · Rome

Scores the late penalty that gives West Germany victory over Argentina in the final.

1990
World Cup Golden Boot and Golden Ball
Salvatore Schillaci · Italy · Italy

Wins both the Golden Boot and Golden Ball after scoring six tournament goals.

1992
Engineering Industry
Michael Heseltine · Great Britain · London

Addresses Commons questions concerning the engineering industry.

1992
Export Support
Michael Heseltine · Great Britain · London

Sets out Government support available to British exporters and links it to restructuring of the DTI.

1992
Munich G7 Economic Summit
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin · Russia · Munich

Meets G7 leaders in Munich to seek economic support for Russia's market transition.

1992
President of Austria
Thomas Klestil · Austria

Appointed President of Austria, 1st term

1993
Caretaker Prime Minister
Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi · Pakistan · Islamabad

Moeen Qureshi heads a caretaker administration after both civilian leaders resign.

1994
Succession to Kim Il Sung
Kim Jong Il · North Korea · Pyongyang

Becomes North Koreas de facto leader after Kim Il Sung dies.

1995
President of Argentina
Carlos Saul Menem · Argentina · Buenos Aires

Appointed President of Argentina, 2nd term

1998
1998 Semi-Final Brace
Lilian Thuram · France · Saint-Denis

Scores both France goals in the 2-1 semi-final victory over Croatia.

2000
Constitution of Russia
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin · Russia

Putin makes his first state of the nation address and calls for increased power to the central Government to overcome a bleak diagnosis of the countrys ills

2000
Economy of Russia
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin · Russia

Putin makes his first state of the nation address and calls for increased power to the central Government to overcome a bleak diagnosis of the countrys ills

2002
Manager
Terry Venables · Great Britain · Leeds

Appointed manager of Leeds United

2002
Tax Credits Act
James Gordon Brown · Great Britain · London

The Tax Credits Act creates child and working tax credits.

2005
Gleneagles Development Agreement
James Gordon Brown · Great Britain · Gleneagles

Brown supports agreements increasing aid and cancelling debt at the G8 summit.

2010
Radicova Government
Iveta Radicova · Slovakia · Bratislava

Becomes Slovakia's first female prime minister.

2013
Pluto Moons
Mark Showalter · United States of America

The names Kerberos and Styx are adopted for Pluto's fourth and fifth known moons, previously called P4 and P5.

2014
World Cup Scoring Record
Miroslav Klose · Germany · Belo Horizonte

Scores his sixteenth World Cup goal to become the competition's all-time leading scorer at the time.

2015
Acting Governor Appointed
Alric Taylor · Montserrat · Brades

Alric Taylor serves briefly as acting Governor

2015
Home Affairs Committee Appointment
Keir Starmer · Great Britain · London

Starmer joins the House of Commons Home Affairs Committee.

2018
Brexit
David Davis · Great Britain · London

Resigns as Brexit Secretary over the Chequers approach.

2019
Appointment as Prime Minister
Kyriakos Mitsotakis · Greece · Athens

Kyriakos Mitsotakis becomes Prime Minister after New Democracy wins the election.

2019
First Mitsotakis Government Sworn In
Kyriakos Mitsotakis · Greece · Athens

Mitsotakis forms a New Democracy government after the July election.

2022
Durham Police Investigation Concludes
Keir Starmer · Great Britain · Durham

Police conclude that Starmer has no case to answer over the campaign gathering.

2024
Message to the Civil Service
Keir Starmer · Great Britain · London

Starmer tells civil servants that the Government will operate through national missions.

2024
National Guard Command
Oleksandr Pivnenko · Ukraine · Kyiv

Leads National Guard forces during the war.

2025
Extension of Transitional Mandate
Assimi Goita · Mali · Bamako

Goita promulgates a revised charter granting a renewable five-year transitional mandate.

Births on July 8

1528
Birth of Emmanuel Philibert
Emmanuel Philibert · Spain · Chambery

Birth of Emmanuel Philibert, son of Duke Charles III of Savoy

1860
Birth of Adolf Wild von Hohenborn
Adolf Wild von · Germany

Birth of Adolf Wild von Hohenborn

Deaths on July 8

975
Death of Edgar the Peaceful
Edgar the Peaceful · England · Glastonbury

King Edgar dies and is succeeded by his son Edward the Martyr, who is only 12 years old

1249
Death of Alexander II
Alexander II · Scotland · Kerrera

Death of Alexander II, suffers a fever at the Isle of Kerrera in the Inner Hebrides

1545
Death of Maria of Portugal
Maria of Portugal · Spain

Death of Maria of Portugal, a few weeks after giving birth to Carlos

1545
Death of Philip II
Philip II · Spain

Death of Maria of Portugal, a few weeks after giving birth to Carlos

1584
Death of Henry III
Henry III · France

Death Francois, Duke of Anjou and Alencon, heir to the throne, Henry III has no children, according to the Salic law the succession will pass on to Henry King of Navarre a Protestant

1859
Death of Oscar I
Oscar I · Sweden

Death of Oscar I

1959
Death of Chester Ovnand
Chester Ovnand · United States of America · Bien Hoa

Killed with Dale Buis in the Bien Hoa attack

1959
Death of Dale Buis
Dale Buis · United States of America · Bien Hoa

Killed in an attack often counted among the first US combat deaths in Vietnam

1967
Death of Vivien Leigh
Vivien Leigh · Great Britain

Death of Vivien Leigh

1994
Death of Kim Il Sung
Kim Il Sung · North Korea · Pyongyang

Death of North Korean founder Kim Il Sung.

2009
Death of Judi Ann Mason
Judi Ann Mason · United States of America

Death of Judi Ann Mason

Battles on July 8

1187
Battle of Hittin
Guy de Lusignan · Iraq · Hittin

Saladin defeats the Franks, 20,000 Franks including Guy de Lusignan are captured

1187
Battle of Hittin
Saladin · Iraq · Hattin

Saladin defeats the Franks. Defeats the Christians in a campaign to drive them out of Palestine. 20,000 Franks including Guy de Lusignan are captured

1265
Battle of Evesham
Simon de Montfort, Jnr · England · Worcester

Departs from his siege of Pevensey to support his father who is near Worcester

Coronations on July 8

1307
Coronation
Edward II · England · Westminster Abbey

Crowned King of England, son of Edward I

Provenance

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