October 27 in History

Nerva Marcus Cocceius names Trajan heir to placate the Praetorians and German legions

Is adopted by Nerva and named imperial heir.

Adopts Trajan to secure army support and succession.

Succeeds as Emperor of Rome. Nerva Marcus Cocceius names Trajan heir to placate the Praetorians and German legions

Nerva Marcus Cocceius names Trajan heir to placate the Praetorians & German legions

Athelstans empire, seemingly made safe by the victory of Brunanburh, collapsed in little more than a year from his death when Amlaib returned from Ireland and seized Northumbria and the Mercian Danelaw

Athelstans empire, seemingly made safe by the victory of Brunanburh, collapsed in little more than a year from his death when Amlaib returned from Ireland and seized Northumbria and the Mercian Danelaw

Athelstans empire, seemingly made safe by the victory of Brunanburh, collapsed in little more than a year from his death when Amlaib returned from Ireland and seized Northumbria and the Mercian Danelaw

Athelstans empire, seemingly made safe by the victory of Brunanburh, collapsed in little more than a year from his death when Amlaib returned from Ireland and seized Northumbria and the Mercian Danelaw

Athelstans empire, seemingly made safe by the victory of Brunanburh, collapsed in little more than a year from his death when Amlaib returned from Ireland and seized Northumbria and the Mercian Danelaw

Athelstans empire, seemingly made safe by the victory of Brunanburh, collapsed in little more than a year from his death when Amlaib returned from Ireland and seized Northumbria and the Mercian Danelaw

Innocent IV enters the city of Naples

Created Earl of Derby, 1st, for services at the Battle of Bosworth Field

Created as the Earl of Derby, 1st

Charles's army takes Banbury while advancing toward Oxford and London.

Charles's army takes Banbury while advancing toward Oxford and London.

The Royalist army secures Banbury during its march after Edgehill.

The Royalist army secures Banbury during its march after Edgehill.

The Royalist hold on London is lost. Evacuates Newport Pagnell in the false belief that supplies are not coming from Oxford

Purchases Dunkirk from Charles II of England.

Purchases Dunkirk from Charles II as France expands control on the Channel coast.

Purchases Dunkirk from England as Charles II sells the port to France.

Sells Dunkirk to France for a large cash payment to relieve royal finances.

Sells Dunkirk to France for a large cash payment to relieve royal finances.

Transfers Dunkirk to France after agreeing the sale of the port to Louis XIV.

The Riksdag approves the reorganisation associated with the later allotment system.

The Riksdag approves the reorganisation associated with the later allotment system.

Orders the Dutch citadel to bombard Antwerp after revolutionary forces take control of the city.

Kanaris returns to office for a second premiership.

Made Field Marshal after the capture of Metz

The loss of Bazaine's army at Metz removes a huge French force and further weakens hopes of restoring Napoleon III.

The fortress of Metz capitulates. Surrenders 180,000 men denying hope of a Napoleonic restoration

After victory at Metz the German forces move on Paris

Surrenders 180,000 men denying hope of a Napoleonic restoration

Rejects talks with France until the French troops are withdrawn from Fashoda

During the Fashoda Incident Delcasse wants Britains friendship in a future conflict with Germany & sees no advantage in a colonial war. Brings Britain & France to the verge of war but ends in a diplomatic victory for Britain

During the Fashoda Incident Delcasse wants Britains friendship in a future conflict with Germany & sees no advantage in a colonial war. Brings Britain & France to the verge of war but ends in a diplomatic victory for Britain

Rejects talks with France until the French troops are withdrawn from Fashoda. Brings Britain & France to the verge of war but ends in a diplomatic victory for Britain

FitzClarence leads a night attack against Boer positions outside Mafeking and drives the action at close range.

A leader of a demonstration against Hungarian rule in Slovakia, turns into a massacre

A demonstration in Cernova against Hungarian rule in Slovakia, turns into a massacre

Helps lead a demonstration against Hungarian rule in Slovakia, turns into a massacre

Helps lead a demonstration against Hungarian rule in Slovakia, turns into a massacre

Keeps the loss of HMS Audacious from immediate publication after the battleship strikes a mine off the Irish coast.

Watches Endurance crushed by ice and helps organize the party's survival on the drifting floes

Appointed Prime Minister of Australia, 1st term

The Decree on Peace is published in the Izvestiya newspaper, proposes an immediate withdrawal of Russia from World War I

An attack against Gaza diverts Turkey away from Allenbys planned attack on Beersheba

Kerensky leaves Petrograd with Krasnov's support in an effort to regain control from the Bolsheviks.

Joins General Krasnov in an attempt to retake Petrograd.

The Decree on Peace is published in the Izvestiya newspaper, proposes an immediate withdrawal of Russia from World War I

The Petrograd Soviet becomes a foundation of the new revolutionary government.

Uses the Soviet as a base for new Bolshevik authority.

Begins official duties as special professor at Leiden University.

Supports extending Friedrich Ebert's presidential term until June 1925 rather than holding a divisive election amid political instability.

His presidential term is extended until June 1925, postponing a direct presidential election during a period of political tension.

Rejects a request by the Army Commander, General Pugliese, to impose martial law

Dismissed from the Politburo after calling Stalin "the gravedigger of the Revolution"

His government completes Japanese participation in the London Naval Treaty, whose ratification is deposited with Britain on 27 October.

Secures Japanese ratification of the London Naval Treaty despite strong domestic opposition.

Conservative 470, Labour 52, Liberals 33 & others 5 seats. A victory for the National Government. 554 seats for the national Government, 470 Tories & 52 Labour

Loses Nelson and Colne in Labour’s heavy general-election defeat.

Keeps Ebbw Vale as Labour suffers national defeat.

Belgium declares its neutrality

Belgium declares its neutrality

Continues the battle despite slow progress, using artillery and infantry to wear down Axis reserves.

Invalided from command after a car crash

Oppenheimer approves plans to conduct the first full-scale bomb test in the Jornada del Muerto area of the Alamogordo Bombing Range.

Voters elected a constituent assembly by universal, direct, and secret suffrage.

Egypt breaks off the 1936 Treaty of alliance with Britain & the 1899 Sudan agreement

Egypt breaks off the 1936 Treaty of alliance with Britain & the 1899 Sudan agreement

Returns to the Foreign Office after Churchill's Conservatives win the election

Appointed Foreign Minister

Appointed Home Secretary

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 3rd term

Appointed Minister of Defence

Egypt breaks off the 1936 Treaty of alliance & the 1899 agreement over Sudan

A meeting of the foreign ministers of the four major powers opens in Geneva following the summer summit.

A privately owned .22-caliber pistol discharged from Oswald's locker on October 27, 1957, wounding him in the left elbow.

Ayub Khan removes Iskander Mirza and assumes the presidency.

Ayub Khan removes Iskander Mirza and sends him into exile.

Ayub Khan consolidates military rule and restricts organized political activity.

Muhammad Ayub Khan begins his presidency after removing Iskander Mirza.

Iskander Mirza's presidency ends when Ayub Khan assumes full power.

Ayub Khan establishes the Basic Democracies system of local electoral councils.

Proposes linking missile withdrawal from Cuba to removal of American Jupiter missiles from Turkey.

A Soviet surface-to-air missile shot down Anderson's unarmed U-2 over Cuba, killing him.

Arkhipov opposed launching B-59's nuclear torpedo and helped persuade the submarine commander to surface.

Ball took part in discussions over the competing Soviet proposals and the risks of linking Cuba publicly to Jupiter missiles in Turkey.

Bundy participated in the intense ExComm deliberations over the U-2 loss and Khrushchev's changing settlement terms.

Castro urges Khrushchev to launch a nuclear first strike against the United States if Cuba is invaded, but Khrushchev rejected any first strike response.

Dillon joined the ExComm debate on how to answer Khrushchev while avoiding immediate escalation on the crisis's most dangerous day.

Dobrynin received an urgent warning that the United States would soon act if the Cuban missiles remained.

Dobrynin heard Robert Kennedy privately indicate that the obsolete Jupiter missiles in Turkey would be removed after the Cuban crisis.

Feklisov continued informal contact with Scali as Washington and Moscow searched for a formula that could end the crisis.

Kennedy answered Khrushchev's first proposal and offered a non-invasion assurance after verified missile removal.

Kennedy postponed retaliation for the U-2 loss while advisers pursued a diplomatic solution.

Kennedy chose to answer Khrushchev's earlier, more conciliatory proposal while leaving the public demand concerning Turkey unanswered.

Kennedy authorized Robert Kennedy to tell Dobrynin privately that American Jupiter missiles in Turkey would later be removed.

Robert Kennedy met secretly with Soviet ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin at the Justice Department.

Robert Kennedy told Dobrynin that the President could not publicly trade the Turkish Jupiter missiles for Soviet missiles in Cuba.

Robert Kennedy warned Dobrynin that events could soon escape political control if the Soviet missiles were not withdrawn.

Khrushchev publicly added removal of American Jupiter missiles from Turkey to the terms he sought for resolving the crisis.

Maultsby's U-2 accidentally entered Soviet airspace during a mission over the Arctic and escaped interception.

McNamara argued against automatic retaliation after the loss of Rudolf Anderson's U-2, helping preserve time for negotiation.

Pliyev's command faced intense pressure as American reconnaissance continued and a Soviet surface-to-air unit shot down Anderson's U-2.

Rusk participated in the decision to respond to Khrushchev's earlier letter rather than accept the public Turkey-for-Cuba trade.

Savitsky considered using a nuclear torpedo after United States forces used signalling depth charges near submarine B-59.

Sorensen helped draft the response accepting the essential terms of Khrushchev's first proposal while avoiding a public missile trade.

Taylor advised on military responses after Anderson's U-2 was destroyed by a surface-to-air missile over Cuba.

Thompson urged Kennedy to answer Khrushchev's first message and avoid becoming trapped by the later public demand concerning Turkey.

Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 1st term

China tests its first nuclear missile

Supports parliamentary time for abortion law reform during his Home Office tenure.

Anti War demonstrations are held in London

Cuts income tax, reduces subsidies, replaces industrial grants with tax incentives. Cuts income tax by 2 1/2 pence

Supports adoption of the Davignon Report establishing a framework for European Political Cooperation among the member states.

Cuts income tax, reduces subsidies, replaces industrial grants with tax incentives. Cuts income tax by 2 1/2 pence

Mobutu changes the country's name from Democratic Republic of the Congo to Zaire.

Appears on the covers of Time and Newsweek in the same week during the Born to Run breakthrough.

The pound falls to $1.57.

The National Executive of the Labour Party vote to protest to Parliament about cuts

The Party's National Executive vote to protest to Parliament about Government cuts.

Presents a major public case for European monetary union in Florence.

Calls for a substantial advance toward European economic and monetary union.

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin are named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress toward achieving a Middle East accord

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin are named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress toward achieving a Middle East accord

Found Out Too Late enters the Official Singles Chart during 999's continuing late-1970s punk activity.

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin are named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress toward achieving a Middle East accord

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin are named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress toward achieving a Middle East accord

Begins the first republican hunger strike at Long Kesh.

Faces the beginning of the first H-Block hunger strike.

Resigns due to ill health

Releases Infidels.

London securities markets implement major reforms removing fixed commissions and traditional ownership restrictions.

Represents Germany as leaders advance preparations for the second stage of economic and monetary union.

Mitsotakis joins the Rome summit as governments design the institutions and timetable for the next monetary-union phase.

Hosts the special European Council that advances plans for political union and monetary union.

Appointed Prime Minister of Estonia

Brown concludes that the five economic tests for early euro entry are not met.

Brown sets five economic tests governing any decision to join the European single currency.

Brown tells Parliament that euro membership depends on five economic assessments.

Disaffected youths, primarily of French Muslim descent, began 20 nights of civil unrest in the suburbs of Paris

The riots are triggered when two teenagers were electrocuted in a poor area of a suburb east of Paris after allegedly climbing a fence to hide in an electric substation from a routine police-identification check.

The riots which began in Clichy-sous-Bois quickly spread to more than 274 communes or towns one person is killed and 126 police and fire personnel are injured in the unrest

in which nearly 9,000 cars and at least two buildings are set ablaze.

Disaffected youths, primarily of French Muslim descent, began 20 nights of civil unrest in the suburbs of Paris

Is convicted in a federal corruption case shortly before the election

Reports to Parliament as British forces conclude their combat mission in Afghanistan.

Announces death of ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in U.S. raid.

Birth of Catherine of Valois, daughter of Charles VI of France

Birth of James Cook

Birth of Theodore Roosevelt

Birth of Glenn Hoddle

Birth of Simon John Charles Le Bon

Death of Athelstan, "pillar of the dignity of the western world". Athelstans empire, seemingly made safe by the victory of Brunanburh, collapsed in little more than a year from his death when Amlaib returned from Ireland and seized Northumbria and the Mercian Danelaw

Athelstans empire, seemingly made safe by the victory of Brunanburh, collapsed in little more than a year from his death when Amlaib returned from Ireland and seized Northumbria and the Mercian Danelaw

Athelstan died at Gloucester after a reign that had united England and extended royal supremacy across Britain.

His death opens the way for Frederick's election as King of the Romans.

The Death Penalty abolished

The Death Penalty is abolished

Death of Steve Peregrin Took

Dies in East Hampton, New York, after a career spanning the Velvet Underground and five decades of solo work.

Fails to join forces with Waller. Charles I is able to retreat safely to Donnington Castle & to join Rupert in Oxford

With 10,000 men faces Cromwell with 22,000. The Battle is inconclusive & Charles retreats to Oxford. Manages to avoid capture & defeat, returns to Donnington Castle

Charles I escapes after the Second Battle of Newbury despite Parliamentarian attempts to trap his army.

Cromwell fights at Second Newbury and later urges a stronger pursuit of the withdrawing Royalist army.

Cromwell criticises missed opportunities after the Parliamentarian attack fails to destroy the king's army.

Skippon's infantry helps recover artillery lost earlier in Cornwall during Parliament's attack at Second Newbury.

Waller shares command in the Parliamentarian attack at Second Newbury and later argues for stronger pursuit of the King.

Forces Bazaine to surrender

An attack against Gaza diverts Turkey away from Allenbys planned attack on Beersheba

The Afrika Korps is reduced to 114 tanks but Hitler orders that they must hold its ground

Rommel's armour is badly reduced during the Second Battle of El Alamein while Hitler forbids withdrawal.

The Afrika Korps is reduced to 114 tanks but Hitler orders that they must hold its ground

Commands 15th Panzer Division as Axis armoured strength declines during the battle.