April 18 in History

Louis declares John XXII deposed during the Roman confrontation

Made a knight of the Bath

The German Princes come out in Luthers favour. Rejects the belief that bread & wine can become the body & blood of Christ. Charles V opens a Diet to discuss what to do with Luther. Challenges the papal claim to be the sole authority on the scriptures

An order is issued that all citizens of London are to swear the Oath

Manco is able to escape from Cuzco on April 18, this time with success

Rejects Catholic teaching on the mass.

His forces begin the main siege of Londonderry

Leaves Boston by the land route through Boston Neck to avoid British attention.

Rides through Roxbury and Cambridge on the way to Lexington.

Leaves Lexington with Revere and Samuel Prescott to continue the warning toward Concord.

Reaches Lexington and warns John Hancock and Samuel Adams of danger.

Joseph Warren sends William Dawes and Paul Revere to warn John Hancock and Samuel Adams of the British march.

Dispatches William Dawes and Paul Revere to warn Patriot leaders of the British march.

Gage underestimates the Minutemen, Paul Revere spreads the news that "the regulars are coming," but as captured before completing his mission when the British march towards the arsenal in Lexington and Concord to collect the patriots weapons

Gage underestimates the Minutemen, Paul Revere spreads the news that "the regulars are coming," but as captured before completing his mission when the British march towards the arsenal in Lexington and Concord to collect the patriots weapons

Gage underestimates the Minutemen, Paul Revere spreads the news that "the regulars are coming," but as captured before completing his mission when the British march towards the arsenal in Lexington and Concord to collect the patriots weapons

Gage underestimates the Minutemen, Paul Revere spreads the news that "the regulars are coming," but as captured before completing his mission when the British march towards the arsenal in Lexington and Concord to collect the patriots weapons

Gage underestimates the Minutemen, Paul Revere spreads the news that "the regulars are coming," but as captured before completing his mission when the British march towards the arsenal in Lexington and Concord to collect the patriots weapons

Gage underestimates the Minutemen, Paul Revere spreads the news that "the regulars are coming," but as captured before completing his mission when the British march towards the arsenal in Lexington and Concord to collect the patriots weapons

A Parisian crowd prevented Louis XVI and the royal family from leaving the Tuileries for Saint-Cloud, demonstrating the king's limited freedom of movement.

Introduces a parliamentary bill to abolish the slave trade

Hoche crosses the River Rhine

Napoleon agreed preliminary peace terms with Austria at Leoben after advancing toward the Habsburg heartlands.

Under the Treaty of Leoben Austria cedes The Netherlands to France

Under the Treaty of Leoben Austria gains some Venetian territory. Under the Treaty of Leoben Austria cedes The Netherlands to France

Sucre is wounded during a military mutiny that accelerates his resignation.

Sucre resigns after a mutiny and political opposition weaken his presidency.

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 1st term

Stanley & Graham do not join the Government. Resigns after a 33 vote defeat on Irish Church revenue

The First de Theux Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as head of the Belgian government.

Begins the Second Joseph Lebeau Government in Brussels and serves as head of the Belgian government.

Tatya Tope is executed at Shivpuri after capture, trial by military court, and conviction.

Wins a major victory by capturing the fortress of Dybbol

Acquires Venetia after making an alliance with Prussia against Austria

Parnell says the Times letter linking him to the Phoenix Park murders is a forgery. Accused by the British newspaper The Times of support for the brutal murders in May 1882 of the Chief Secretary for Ireland, Lord Cavendish and the Under Secretary Burke in Dublins Phoenix Park

Scores the only goal against Athletic Club as Madrid win their first national title.

Joan of Arc is beatified at a Vatican ceremony

The Commons votes in favor of the Peoples Budget of 1909, including the whisky duty

The Commons votes in favour of the People's Budget.

Arrives in New York aboard Carpathia after surviving Titanic in lifeboat 4.

Disembarks from Carpathia in New York after surviving Titanic in lifeboat 13.

Brings Titanic survivors to New York aboard Carpathia.

In the Milyukov note, Milyukov tells allies that the war aims are unchanged

In the Milyukov note, Milyukov tells allies that the war aims are unchanged

In the Milyukov note, Milyukov tells allies that the war aims are unchanged

Miliukov assures the Allies that Russia will continue the war and honour its existing international commitments.

Kerensky opposes interpretations of Milyukov's note that suggest Russia will continue an expansionist war policy.

Haig reinforces the Bethune sector where German attacks are repelled during the Lys offensive.

Secures expanded military service powers during the emergency on the Western Front.

Discloses the peace offer made by Emperor Charles I

Reviews the diplomatic consequences of the Rapallo agreement with cabinet ministers two days after its signature.

The Kuomintang splits between the Wuhan left and Chiang’s Nanjing faction during the breakdown of the First United Front.

Establishes a rival Nationalist government at Nanjing after breaking with the Communist and left-wing factions.

The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive

The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive

The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive

The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive

The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive

The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive

The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive

The Soviet Union offers a Soviet-British-French alliance which would guarantee the integrity of Poland, the consulations are unproductive

Paget commands Sickleforce after British troops land at Andalsnes to support Norwegian resistance.

The Allied Expeditionary Force lands at Andalsnes

Leads the B52 bombing of Tokyo & other Japanese cities

Appointed Commander in Chief, Combined Fleet

Appointed Commander in Chief, Combined Fleet

Liberates Buchenwald concentration camp

Enters Czechoslovakia & liberates Prague

The US liberate Nuremberg & Churchill delivers a tribute to Roosevelt in the Commons

Mao urges Communist forces to hold Siping as a strategic position in Manchuria

The Republic of Ireland Act becomes effective under Costello, marking the state's internationally recognized republican status.

Schuman represented France's commitment to the Treaty of Paris and the new supranational Coal and Steel Community.

On 18 April 1951 six founder members sign the Treaty of Paris (1951) that formed the basis of the European Coal and Steel Community. They declared this date and the corresponding democratic, supranational principles to be the 'real foundation of Europe'

France and five partner states signed the Treaty of Paris, establishing the European Coal and Steel Community.

On 18 April 1951 six founder members sign the Treaty of Paris (1951) that formed the basis of the European Coal and Steel Community. They declared this date and the corresponding democratic, supranational principles to be the 'real foundation of Europe'

Signs the European Coal and Steel Community treaty as West Germany enters postwar European cooperation.

Supports Luxembourg's participation in the European Coal and Steel Community framework.

On 18 April 1951 six founder members sign the Treaty of Paris (1951) that formed the basis of the European Coal and Steel Community. They declared this date and the corresponding democratic, supranational principles to be the 'real foundation of Europe'

On 18 April 1951 six founder members sign the Treaty of Paris (1951) that formed the basis of the European Coal and Steel Community. They declared this date and the corresponding democratic, supranational principles to be the 'real foundation of Europe'

Signs the treaty creating the European Coal and Steel Community, a precursor to the Treaty of Rome.

Signs the European Coal and Steel Community treaty for Italy.

Signs the European Coal and Steel Community treaty for the Netherlands.

Signs the European Coal and Steel Community treaty for Belgium.

Ends his brief 1954 premiership before Penn Nouth returns

Begins a state visit to Britain with Premier Nikolai Bulganin for talks on East-West relations.

Castro orders large Cuban forces toward the beachhead while armour and aircraft increase pressure on Brigade 2506.

Miro Cardona and Revolutionary Council members are briefed that the beachhead is under attack by Cuban tanks and aircraft.

Clark sends aircraft to locate the distant Caribe and persuade its master to turn north toward the operational area.

Clark works to turn surviving Cuban Expeditionary Force ships back toward Point Zulu after the landing force comes under heavy attack.

By about 10:30 on 18 April, Cuban troops and militia, supported by tanks, took Playa Larga after Brigade forces had fled towards Giron in the early hours. During the day, Brigade forces retreated to San Blas along the two roads from Covadonga and Yaguaramas. By then, both Fidel Castro and Jose Ramon Fernandez had re-located to that battlefront area

By about 10:30 on 18 April, Cuban troops and militia, supported by tanks, took Playa Larga after Brigade forces had fled towards Giron in the early hours. During the day, Brigade forces retreated to San Blas along the two roads from Covadonga and Yaguaramas. By then, both Fidel Castro and Jose Ramon Fernandez had re-located to that battlefront area

Kennedy authorises a limited one-hour Navy fighter cover mission for the brigade's final B-26 operation.

Fernandez directs Cuban troops that retake Playa Larga and force a brigade retreat.

Fernandez leads Cuban forces that retake Playa Larga.

Kennedy tells Khrushchev that the United States intends no military intervention while defending the aspirations of anti-Castro Cubans.

Kennedy denies intended United States military intervention while defending Cuban exiles.

Khrushchev protests the invasion, calls on Kennedy to end the attack and promises assistance to Cuba.

Takes power through the Anti-Corruption Revolutionary Movement

1st visit to Ulster, asseses power sharing, the extent of terrorism & local support

Forced evacuation of Phnom Penh population to rural zones

Issues an amnesty covering many crimes committed during the first years of military rule.

Banana becomes Zimbabwe's first President at independence.

Mugabe leads Zimbabwe into independence and Commonwealth membership.

Mugabe leads the first government of the independent Republic of Zimbabwe.

Zimbabwe gains internationally recognised independence under Mugabe's government.

Sees the Lancaster House settlement produce Zimbabwe's independence.

Completes his role as governor during the transition to Zimbabwe.

Recognises Zimbabwe's independence after the Lancaster House settlement.

The capital is officially renamed Harare on the second independence anniversary.

39 die in a bomb explosion at the US Embassy in Beirut

Students demand the resignations of Deng Xiaoping & Li Peng. Students demand greater democratic freedom

Students demand the resignations of Deng Xiaoping & Li Peng. Students demand greater democratic freedom

Scores Arsenal's winning goal against Sheffield Wednesday in the League Cup final.

Mir Balakh Sher Mazari leads a caretaker government after Sharif's dismissal.

President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismisses Sharif and appoints a caretaker government.

President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismisses Nawaz Sharif's government and dissolves Parliament.

Sharif challenges the presidential dismissal of his government.

The President dissolves the National Assembly while removing Sharif.

Participates in a Libyan-mediated agreement seeking to reduce regional involvement in the Congo war.

The first developmental GSLV flight takes place during K. Kasturirangan's chairmanship, testing India's new geosynchronous launch capability.

Briefs the Security Council on conditions during Israeli operations in Palestinian cities.

The International Monetary Fund releases $701 million in loans to Turkey

Erdogan says Turkey is the best country to rebuild Iraq

Bangladeshs military-backed emergency Government exile opposition leader Sheikh Hasina Wajed as it steps up a massive purge of the crisis-wracked countrys political hierarchy

Bangladeshs military-backed emergency Government exile opposition leader Sheikh Hasina Wajed as it steps up a massive purge of the crisis-wracked countrys political hierarchy

Scores a celebrated solo goal against Getafe after dribbling past several defenders.

Kabila appoints former finance minister Matata Ponyo to head the government.

Scores his four-hundredth competitive Barcelona goal during a league victory over Valencia.

Calls for an early general election during the Brexit process.

Garcia Martin leads analysis using citizen science and artificial intelligence to identify more than one thousand uncatalogued asteroids in Hubble images.

Birth of Leopold Berchtold

Birth of Roy Mason

Birth of Sayako, daughter of Akihito

Albert Einstein dies in Princeton, New Jersey, aged 76.

The Comm of Public Safety sends Revere & Dawes to warn Hancock & Adams of danger

Sends soldiers to capture a military store, they are intercepted by "minute men"

The first shots of the American war of Independence are fired

The Comm of Public Safety sends Revere & Dawes to warn Hancock & Adams of danger

The Comm of Public Safety sends Revere & Dawes to warn Hancock & Adams of danger

Lee conducts reconnaissance that helps Scott find a route around the Mexican position

Defeated by General Scott

Santa Anna is defeated by Scott at Cerro Gordo during the advance from Veracruz

Defeats Santa Anna

Scott defeats Santa Anna at Cerro Gordo by using a flanking movement through difficult terrain

British Fifth Army advances against villages near the Hindenburg Line during the wider Arras operations.