1139
Rule of Cumberland
Stephen cedes Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmoreland to David
On this date in world history
Browse historical events, births, deaths and battles recorded on April 9. Every item below is rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
Stephen cedes Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmoreland to David
Stephen cedes Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmoreland to David
Stephen cedes Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmoreland to David
Signed between Stephen & David I, Davids son is given Northumberland
Stephen cedes Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmoreland to David. Signed between Stephen & David I, Stephen makes peace
Declares the Dauphin Charles of France illegitimate
Appointed Protector over the 12 year old Edward V by the late Edward IV
Leaves the crown to his 12 yr old son Edward Prince of Wales & names Richard protector
Leaves the crown to his 12 yr old son Edward. Appoints Richard of York as Protector because of his wifes unpopularity
Succeeds as King of England. Holds the title until July but is never crowned. Edward IV had appointed Richard of Gloucester as his Protector
Edward of Middleham, Richard III's only legitimate son, dies at Middleham Castle.
Without an heir & a wife who cannot have children support rallies to Henry Tudor
A truce with the Dutch is agreed
Belasyse is created Earl Fauconberg, 1st
Created Earl of Marlborough by William III.
Created Earl of Marlborough by William III
Gage decides to send a 800-man force on a march to Concord to seize arms, gunpowder, cannons, and provisions from the provincials
Passes his examination for lieutenant in the Royal Navy.
Massena became provisional commander in chief of the combined Armies of the Danube and Helvetia after Jourdan left command.
The Austrians under the Archduke invade Bavaria
The Austrians under the Archduke invade Bavaria
Introduces a law reducing the power of the Catholic Church
Lee's surrender to Grant effectively ends the principal Confederate field army in Virginia.
General Lee surrenders to General Grant at Appomattox courthouse
Dalgety organizes the defence of Wepener and holds the position against repeated Boer attacks.
De Wet attacks the colonial garrison at Wepener but fails to force it to surrender.
Meets Boer representatives as serious negotiations begin over possible peace terms.
Conducts the first public performance of The Origin of Fire in Helsinki.
Pledges Conservative-Unionist support for Ulster resistance to Home Rule proposals
Pledges Conservative-Unionist support for Ulster resistance to Home Rule proposals
Publishes Problems of Unity while continuing his effort to bridge divisions in Russian Social Democracy.
Third Army achieves an important initial breakthrough during the Battle of Arras.
Commands Third Army in the Arras offensive.
Leads the Canadian Corps in capturing Vimy Ridge, 1st day of the Arras Offensive
Haig directs the opening First Army attack along the Scarpe during the Arras offensive.
Third Army breaches German defensive positions associated with the Hindenburg Line.
Breaks through the Hindenburg Line. Breaches the Hindenburg Line
The British begin the Nivelle offensive against the German 6th under von Falkenhausen
Leads the Canadian Corps in capturing Vimy Ridge, 1st day of the Arras Offensive
9-15 April, the British begin the Nivelle Offensive under Generals Horne & Allenby
The British 1st & 3rd Armies attack the German 6th Army, British tactical victory
Attacks the German 6th Army under von Falkenhausen, wins a tactical victory
Leads the 3rd Army into battle, the battle results in a stalemate
Haig supports the Canadian Corps assault that captures most of Vimy Ridge.
Highlights the contribution of Dominion troops during the German spring offensive.
Begins the assault on Ekaterinodar against Bolshevik forces.
Introduces emergency legislation to expand the pool of men available for military service.
Haig directs reinforcements after German forces break into British and Portuguese positions near Estaires.
Argues that Ireland can no longer remain excluded from compulsory military service.
Combines the conscription proposal with a renewed commitment to Irish self-government legislation.
Haig shifts reserves north as the German offensive opens against the Flanders front.
Ludendorff launches Operation Georgette against British and Portuguese positions in the Flanders sector.
Proposes raising the maximum military service age in response to the manpower emergency.
1st day of the Battle of Lys, part of Operation Georgette
Clemanceau discloses Charles peace note of 9th April
Ludendorff opens the Lys offensive near Ypres.
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Writes the majority opinion invalidating a District of Columbia minimum-wage law for women.
Amanullah promulgates Afghanistan's first written constitution and defines a centralized constitutional state.
The plan is intended to help Allied governments repay debts owed to the United States.
The Dawes Plan makes foreign loans, mainly from the United States, available to Germany.
The Dawes Plan is promoted under the motto Business, not politics.
The Dawes arrangements contribute to German currency stabilization.
Customs taxes are included among the sources for reparations payments.
The Dawes Committee proposes a reparations plan to stabilize German payments after World War I.
The Dawes Plan provides for annual German reparations; Dawes later shares the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize.
The Dawes Plan is put forward to stabilize the economic situation in Europe, to enable the Germans to pay their reparations and the Allies to pay their debts to the US. Sets an upper limit for payment of reparations and limits the time to 37 years, the Motto is "Business, not politics"
Accepts the Dawes Plan form German reparations
Reparation payments would begin at 1 billion marks for the first year and should rise over a period of four years to 2. 5 billion marks per year. Foreign loans (primarily from the United States) would be made available to Germany.
The Dawes Plan provides short term economic benefits to the German economy, It softens the burdens of war reparations, stabilizes the currency, and attracts increased foreign investments and loans to the German market.
The sources for the reparation money should include transportation, excise, and custom taxes. The Ruhr area is to be evacuated by Allied occupation troops. The German Reichsbank would be reorganized under Allied supervision.
Accepts the Dawes Plan for German reparations.
Submits the committee report on German reparations and financial stabilization.
The Dawes Plan is put forward to stabilize the economic situation in Europe, to enable the Germans to pay their reparations and the Allies to pay their debts to the US
Supports the Dawes Plan as a means to stabilise Europe's economic situation.
Excise taxes are assigned as one source of reparations revenue.
Reparations begin at one billion marks in the first year under the Dawes arrangements.
Germany gains access to foreign credit under the Dawes arrangements.
The plan helps attract increased foreign investment into Germany.
The Dawes Plan supports foreign lending to stabilize the German economy.
Foreign lending to Germany increases under the Dawes framework.
The Dawes Plan recommends changes to stabilize German finance and support reparations.
The German Reichsbank is to be reorganized under Allied supervision.
The plan softens the immediate burden of German reparations.
The Dawes Plan is designed to enable Germany to meet reparations payments.
The Dawes Plan places an upper limit on German reparations payments.
The Dawes Plan reduces annual German payments at first and lets them rise over time.
The plan limits the reparations timetable to 37 years.
Annual reparations are scheduled to rise toward 2.5 billion marks over four years.
The Dawes arrangements provide for Allied occupation troops to leave the Ruhr.
The Dawes Plan provides short-term economic benefits to Germany.
Transportation taxes are identified as a source for reparations payments.
Zog crosses into exile after Italian occupation makes resistance impossible
Kotta's government falls after Italian occupation of the capital
Jacomoni helps organize the Italian occupation administration in Albania
Ypi heads a provisional committee under Italian pressure after Zog leaves
Responds to the German landing at Narvik during Operation Weserubung.
Seizes Narvik with mountain troops landed from German destroyers.
Dietl's mountain troops land from German destroyers and seize Narvik during the opening invasion.
Commands a German destroyer in the Narvik invasion force.
Commands a German destroyer during the Narvik operation.
Haakon VII leaves Oslo with the government, preventing German forces from capturing the monarchy.
Commands Norwegian forces at Narvik as German troops arrive.
Forms a new Government in Norway
Forms a new Government in Norway
Nygaardsvold's government leaves Oslo as German forces advance on the capital.
With operation "Weserubung" Germany occupies Denmark and Norway
The Germans invade Norway, British intervention is too late
Rejects a German ultimatum
With operation "Weserubung" Germany occupies Denmark and Norway
Germany launches Operation Weserubung and German forces land at Narvik to secure the northern ore route.
Launches torpedoes at Admiral Hipper to protect Britsh troops
Brings the German naval force into Narvik during the invasion.
Bonte commands the German destroyer force carrying mountain troops into Narvik at the start of Operation Weserubung.
Begins organising Norwegian resistance in northern Norway.
Bonte commands the destroyer group carrying Dietl's mountain troops to Narvik.
Responds to the German invasion of Norway and Denmark.
Dietl's mountain troops land at Narvik and seize the port during the opening German invasion.
Falkenhorst directs the wider Norwegian invasion as German forces attack Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim and Narvik.
With operation "Weserubung" Germany occupies Denmark and Norway
Hitler launches the invasion of Denmark and Norway to secure bases and protect the Swedish iron ore route.
Kaupisch commands German forces in Denmark as the invasion quickly forces Danish surrender.
Jodl's OKW staff coordinates the opening of the invasions of Denmark and Norway.
Quisling announces a coup by radio while German forces are invading Norway.
Forms a pro-German Government after the Invasion of Norway
Forms a pro-German Government after the Invasion of Norway
Woldag commands the cruiser Blucher when Norwegian guns and torpedoes sink the ship in Oslofjord.
Homma's forces secure Bataan after the exhausted American and Filipino defenders surrender.
American forces surrender and Parker enters Japanese captivity for the remainder of the war.
Surrenders to the Japanese, spends the rest of the war in a prisoner of war camp
Siles Zuazo leads the provisional revolutionary authority before Paz Estenssoro returns.
Calls for a general strike against Batista.
Helps organise the April strike against Batista.
NASA introduces Carpenter as one of the seven military test pilots selected for Project Mercury.
NASA introduces Cooper as one of the original seven astronauts selected for Project Mercury flight training.
NASA presents Grissom as one of the original seven astronauts chosen to train for Project Mercury missions.
NASA presents Shepard as one of the seven pilots selected for Project Mercury, America's first human spaceflight programme.
NASA names Slayton among the seven original astronauts selected for Project Mercury.
David Pratt shoots Verwoerd at the Rand Easter Show.
Verwoerd is shot in the head by a Transvaal farmer
Verwoerd resumes duties 5 weeks later. Verwoerd is shot in the head by a Transvaal farmer
Verwoerd survives serious injuries and later resumes office.
Closes Sihanoukville to North Vietnamese military supply routes and requests modern weapons
Seeks closer military and diplomatic support from the United States
Requests American support against Vietnamese communist forces in Cambodia
Continues as KGB chairman after the 24th Congress renews central party organs.
Elected a member of the CPSU Central Committee after the 24th Party Congress.
Continues as defence minister during Brezhnev's consolidated leadership.
Remains a senior foreign-policy figure as the new Central Committee begins work.
Tells investigators that money used for Watergate defendants and related payments came through the Committee to Re-Elect the President.
The New York Times reported that James McCord told the Senate Watergate Committee that the cash payoffs for the burglars came directly from the the Republican Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP)
The New York Times reported that James McCord told the Senate Watergate Committee that the cash payoffs for the burglars came directly from the the Republican Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP)
The New York Times reported that James McCord told the Senate Watergate Committee that the cash payoffs for the burglars came directly from the the Republican Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP)
The Commons votes by 396 to 170 to stay in the EEC
Roger Waters releases his first solo single, "5.01 a.m. (The Pros And Cons Of Hitch Hiking)"
Rick Wright releases a self-titled album of his collaboration with Dave Harris, "Zee"
Nawaz Sharif becomes Chief Minister of Punjab after non-party elections.
Nakasone advises the Japanese to buy foreign products
Nakasone advises the Japanese to buy foreign products
Agrees to President Reagan's request to use US aircraft based in Britain to bomb Libya. Agreed due to US support in the Falklands & Article 51 of the United Nations Treaty
Disorders in Tbilisi, 20 demonstrators are killed by Soviet troops
A Nationalist demonstration is suppressed by army intervention
A Nationalist demonstration is suppressed by army intervention
Georgia proclaims independence from Moscow
Georgia proclaims independence from Moscow
Wins a Conservative majority in the general election.
The Government majority is cut to 21. Conservatives 336, Labour 271, Liberal democrats 20 & others 24
Becomes Father of the House as the longest continuously serving MP.
Brown is re-elected for Dunfermline East after Labour's fourth consecutive defeat.
Appointed President of Albania after Democratic Party victory
Major's election victory maintains Government commitment to bringing Trident into service
Exercises significant authority within the defence establishment.
Leads the cabinet during the genocide.
Later tribunals hold him responsible for major atrocities.
Becomes prime minister of the interim government.
Mobutu appoints General Likulia to organise the government's final resistance.
Appointed President of Armenia
Appointed Chairwoman of the Christian Democratic Union
The Iraqi military is defeated & Baghdad falls. Most of the Iraqi military is quickly defeated and Baghdad was occupied on April 9th. Bush declares the end of major combat operations, terminating the Baath Party's rule and removing Iraqi President Saddam Hussein from office
Saddam Hussein's government collapses as coalition forces enter Baghdad during the invasion of Iraq.
Bush declares the end of major combat operations, terminating the Baath Party's rule and removing Iraqi President Saddam Hussein from office
Most of the Iraqi military is quickly defeated and Baghdad was occupied on April 9th
Most of the Iraqi military is quickly defeated and Baghdad was occupied on April 9th
Gul denies $1 billion aid from the US is to keep Turkey out of the war
The Turkish & Greek Prime Minister meet but reject each others proposals
Astronomers unveil the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, a million-second exposure revealing galaxies seen when the universe was only several hundred million years old.
Is re-elected as National Defence Commission chairman.
Leads Likud in the first Israeli general election of 2019.
Leads Likud in the first Israeli general election of 2019.
General election outcome recorded for Benjamin Netanyahu: Leads Likud in the first Israeli general election of 2019.
Government context for this general election: Leads Likud in the first Israeli general election of 2019.
The Second Katrin Jakobsdottir Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.
Takes office as Taoiseach following Leo Varadkar's resignation.
NASA reports Juno restored to normal operations after safe-mode events during its 71st close Jupiter pass.
Lamy leads analysis of long-term Hubble auroral observations that determines Uranus's interior rotation rate with improved precision.
Born in Rotterdam, eldest illegitimate son of Charles II and Lucy Walter during the royal exile after the execution of Charles I
Isambard Kingdom Brunel is born in Portsea, Portsmouth, the son of engineer Marc Isambard Brunel and Sophia Kingdom.
Brunel's son Isambard Kingdom Brunel is born and later becomes a leading civil and mechanical engineer.
Eadweard Muybridge is born and later pioneers photographic studies of motion.
Birth of Robert Calvert
Edward IV names Richard as the Protector for his son Edward V. Death of Edward IV, from a chill caught during a fishing trip
Edward IV names Richard as the Protector for his son Edward V
Death of Edward Prince of Wales, Richard's only son & heir
Anne Neville suffers the death of her only son, Edward of Middleham, weakening the Yorkist succession.
Death of Edward Prince of Wales, Richard's only son & heir
A crowd of 300,000 attend Martin Luther King's funeral
The remains of the Army of Northern Virginis are defeated
Commands British Third Army in the main assault east of Arras.
The British 1st & 3rd Armies attack the German 6th Army, British tactical victory. Leads the 3rd Army into battle, the battle results in a stalemate. 9-15 April, preliminary to the Nivelle offensive
Commands Canadian Corps during the successful assault on Vimy Ridge.
Commands German Sixth Army defending the Arras sector against British and Canadian attacks.
The British begin the Nivelle offensive against the German 6th under von Falkenhausen. A British tactical victory
Launches the Arras offensive to support wider Allied operations on the Western Front.
Attacks the German 6th Army under von Falkenhausen, wins a tactical victory
Commands British First Army as Canadian Corps attacks and captures Vimy Ridge.
Commands Canadian Corps forces that help capture Vimy Ridge.
1st day of the Battle of Lys, part of Operation Georgette
German forces attack near Ypres during the Lys offensive.
Plumer commands British defence near Ypres.
Reviews the German spring offensive and warns that the war has entered a critical phase.
Eriksen orders Oscarsborg Fortress to fire on Blucher and delays the German capture of Oslo.
Kummetz leads the German naval force toward Oslo when Oscarsborg blocks the attack.
Commands the coastal defence ship Norge during the German attack.
Commands the German destroyer force carrying Dietl's troops into Narvik.
Lands mountain troops from German destroyers and seizes Narvik.
Commands Norwegian forces at Narvik when German troops arrive.
Commands Eidsvold before the ship is sunk by German torpedoes.
Begins to fight for Bardia, 60 miles east of Torbruk
The US surrenders to the Japanese on Bataan. MacArthur is evacuated but Allied prisoners are forced on the Bataan Death March
The US surrenders to the Japanese on Bataan
Holds the title until July but is never crowned
Provenance
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