Berwick Captured
Takes Berwick after victory at Halidon Hill
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On this date in world history
July 20 in History
This permanent archive page contains 232 World History Database records for July 20, spanning 1332 to 2026. Recorded topics include Death of James Randolph; Berwick Captured; Berwick Surrenders.
Total: 232Events: 215Births: 3Deaths: 8Battles: 6Countries: 28
Events on July 20
Berwick Surrenders
Berwick surrenders to Edward III after the defeat of the Scottish relief army
Arrives in England
Philip arrives in England before his marriage to Mary
Marriage
Philip of Spain lands in England
Marriage
Arrives in Southampton on his way to marry Mary I
Philip Arrives
Philip arrives in England before marriage to Mary.
Philip Lands
Philip of Spain lands in England before marrying Mary
Departure
The Armada Fleets sets sail from Corunna
Spanish Armada, 1st
As the tide turned, 55 English ships set out to confront them from Plymouth under the command of Lord Howard of Effingham, with Sir Francis Drake as Vice Admiral. Howard ceded some control to Drake, given his experience in battle. The rear admiral was Sir John Hawkins
Spanish Armada, 1st
As the tide turned, 55 English ships set out to confront them from Plymouth under the command of Lord Howard of Effingham, with Sir Francis Drake as Vice Admiral. Howard ceded some control to Drake, given his experience in battle. The rear admiral was Sir John Hawkins
Spanish Armada, 1st
As the tide turned, 55 English ships set out to confront them from Plymouth under the command of Lord Howard of Effingham, with Sir Francis Drake as Vice Admiral. Howard ceded some control to Drake, given his experience in battle. The rear admiral was Sir John Hawkins
Evidence of Indigenous Settlement
Steller recorded fires, tools, food remains, and other evidence of Indigenous habitation on Kayak Island.
Landing on Kayak Island
Steller went ashore on Kayak Island to collect specimens and investigate the surrounding environment.
Imprisonment of Olympe de Gouges
Olympe de Gouges was imprisoned because authorities regarded her political writings as counter-revolutionary.
Minister of Police
Fouche became Minister of Police during the final months of the Directory, replacing Bourguignon.
Resignation from Foreign Ministry
Talleyrand resigned as Minister of Foreign Relations after political attacks increased during the renewed Jacobin influence of 1799.
Euston Station Opening
Opens Euston with the first section of the London and Birmingham Railway.
London and Birmingham Railway Opening
Begins passenger service between London, Harrow, Watford and Boxmoor.
Wali of Egypt
Succeeds his father as Wali while Muhammad Ali remains seriously ill.
Approach to Lissa
Tegetthoff forms his fleet into attacking wedges and closes rapidly with the Italians.
Loss of Palestro
Cappellini remains aboard Palestro when fire reaches its magazine and destroys the ship.
Sinking of Re d'Italia
Faa di Bruno dies when Tegetthoff's flagship rams and sinks Re d'Italia.
British Columbia Joins Confederation
Brings British Columbia into Confederation with a railway promise.
British Columbia Joins Confederation
Leads British Columbia as it enters Confederation.
Prime Minister of Spain
Appointed Prime Minister of Spain, 1st term
Penal Reform Speech
Supports alternatives for people unable to pay fines.
Prison Reform Programme
Presents a programme intended to reduce unnecessary imprisonment.
Reform of Prisons
Presents prison reform plans to the House of Commons
Reform of Prisons
Wants to reduce the prison population, concerned by high number who cannot pay fines. Proposals include abolition of automatic imprisonment for non-payment of fines. Introduces a Penal Code to Parliament
Conscription
Asks Clemenceau to call up the 1920 conscripts in 1918
Rule of Teschen
Teschen is divided between Czechoslovakia and Poland
First Accession of Michael I
Michael becomes king under a regency because he is a child.
Dismissal
The SPD-led Prussian Government in Berlin, headed by Otto Braun, is ousted by Franz von Papen, the new Chancellor, by means of a Presidential decree, proves to be a significant factor contributing to the downfall of the Weimar Republic. Otto Braun his Social Democratic Administration are deposed by Chancellor Papen
Dismissal
Otto Braun his Social Democratic Administration are deposed by Chancellor Papen
Election
Ends any prospect of a democratic election
Reich Commissioner
Ends any prospect of a democratic election. Deposes the Prussian Government & appoints himself Reich Commissioner for Prussia
Concordat
The concordat is formally signed
Reich Concordat
Signs the Reich Concordat with Franz von Papen on behalf of the Holy See.
Reich Concordat
Signs the Reich Concordat with Cardinal Pacelli, regulating relations between Nazi Germany and the Holy See.
Armament
An international commission approves Turkeys request to fortify the Straits
Capture of Majorca
The rebels take Majorca
Constitution of Venezuela
The Constitution of 1936 reduced the presidential term and introduced limited political reforms.
Reballion of Rebels in Madrid
10,000 citizens, police & soldiers, attack the Montana Barracks held by rebel General Fanjul
Rule of Majorca
The rebels take Majorca
Siege of Alcezar de Toledo
Start of the siege of the Alcezar de Toledo
Straits
An international commission approves Turkeys request to fortify the Straits
Treaty of Montreux
An international commission approves Turkeys request to fortify the Straits
Mount Oliver
Completes his first major climb, reaching the summit of Mount Oliver in the Southern Alps
Alliance United States and partner not stated in source
Provides for a shipbuilding program for entry into the 2nd World War
Armament
Provides for a shipbuilding program for entry into the 2nd World War
Invasion of Russia
The Germans began to suffer logistics difficulties, which slowed down the tempo of the advance. The German 6th Army was continually delayed by fuel shortages. Eight days later, on 20 July, shortages of fuel were still undermining operations, leaving many units unable to execute their orders
Operation Adler
Anti-partisan operation centreed on the Chechivichi region of Belarus begun
Operation Case Blue
The Germans began to suffer logistics difficulties, which slowed down the tempo of the advance. The German 6th Army was continually delayed by fuel shortages. Eight days later, on 20 July, shortages of fuel were still undermining operations, leaving many units unable to execute their orders
Siege of Don
Hoth is ordered to move to the Don, the target is the oil wells rather than Stalingrad
Sixth Army
The Germans began to suffer logistics difficulties, which slowed down the tempo of the advance. The German 6th Army was continually delayed by fuel shortages. Eight days later, on 20 July, shortages of fuel were still undermining operations, leaving many units unable to execute their orders
Citadel
Forbidden by Hitler to make any withdrawals
Arrest of Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg
After the failure of the attempt on Hitler's life on 20 July 1944, arrested and charged with high treason
Assassination of Gunther Korten
Killed while trying to assassinate Hitler
Bendlerblock
Quirnheim remains at the Bendlerblock as the conspirators attempt to use the replacement army to seize control
Bendlerblock
Witzleben appears at the Bendlerblock during the attempted seizure of power
Bendlerblock
Witzleben leaves the Bendlerblock as the coup attempt collapses
Commander in Chief
The conspirators intend Witzleben to act as Commander in Chief of the armed forces after the coup succeeds
Coup
In the plans for the overthrow, Friedrich-Werner von der Schulenburg was tentatively foreseen as the new Foreign Minister
Coup Attempt
Witzleben travels to Berlin as the coup attempt begins to unfold
Coup Failure
The coup collapses after news spreads that Hitler survived the assassination attempt
Failed Coup
The conspiracy weakens as reports confirm that Hitler survived the bomb attack
Front-Belorussia
The Russians reach the 1939 Polish border, west of Kovel
Front-Belorussia
Reaches the River Bug, west of Kovel, 1939 Polish border
Front-Belorussia
The Russians reach the 1939 Polish border, west of Kovel
Health of Hanskarl von Hasselbach
Treats Hitler after Stauffenbergs bomb explodes at Rastenburg
Injured in 20 July Plot
Jodl suffers minor injuries in the bomb explosion during the attempt to kill Hitler.
July Plot
Quirnheim supports the conspiracy to overthrow Hitler after the bomb attack at the Wolfs Lair
July Plot
The bomb placed by Stauffenberg fails to kill Hitler
Ludwig Beck
Witzleben is connected with Beck in the planned replacement leadership after Hitler is removed
Operation Cobra
Forced to postpone Operation Cobra due to heavy rainfall
Operation Walkure
The refusal of Colonel General Friedrich Fromm, Chief of Reserve Army and the only person who could initiate Operation Valkyrie besides Hitler, to cooperate was a serious obstacle to the conspirators. After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
Operation Walkure
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
Operation Walkure
Has troops ready to march on Berlin after Stauffenbergs attempt to blow up Hitler
Operation Walkure
An operation by Hitler's assassins to sieze Berlin
Operation Walkure
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
Operation Walkure
After two abortive attempts, Stauffenberg placed the bomb on July 20 and hurried back to Berlin to assume his pivotal role.
Operation Walkure
German Army officers General Friedrich Olbricht and Major General Henning von Tresckow modified the plan with the intention of using it to take control of German cities, disarm the SS, and arrest the Nazi leadership once Hitler had been assassinated.
Operation Walkure
Stauffenberg decided to carry out both the assassination attempt and the Valkyrie operation, which greatly reduced the chance of success. Has troops ready to march on Berlin after Stauffenbergs attempt to blow up Hitler.
Operation Walkure
The original plan, designed to deal with internal disturbances in emergency situations, was designed by General Friedrich Olbrichts staff in his capacity as head of General Army Office and was approved by Hitler.
Operation Walkure
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
Operation Walkure
After the bomb explodes Quirnheim urges General Olbricht to activate Operation Walkure even though Hitlers death is not confirmed
Operation Walkure
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften.
Operation Walkure
Demands Operation Walkure to sieze Berlin believing Hitler had been blown up.
Operation Walkure
Stauffenbergs position as Chief of Staff of Reserve Army gave him access to Hitler for reports and at the same time required his presence at headquarters for implementation of Valkyrie.
Operation Walkure
German Army officers General Friedrich Olbricht and Major General Henning von Tresckow modified the plan with the intention of using it to take control of German cities, disarm the SS, and arrest the Nazi leadership once Hitler had been assassinated
Operation Walkure
After the bombing the conspirators attempt to activate Operation Walkure in Berlin
Plenipotentiary
Appointed Plenipotentiary for the Mobilization of Total War
Plenipotentiary
Appointed Plenipotentiary for the Mobilization of Total War, after the July plot
Plot
Generals Gunther Korten, Rudolf Schmundt & Colonel Heinz Brandt are killed
Plot
Participates in the Staufenburg plot to assassinate Hitler
Plot
Participates in the Staufenburg plot to assassinate Hitler
Plot
Hitler escapes with minor injuries. Generals Gunther Korten, Rudolf Schmundt & Colonel Heinz Brandt are killed. After the plots says "More proof that Fate has selected me for my mission". A bomb is planted in Hitler's HQ conference room in the Wolfs Lair, East Prussia
Plot
Becomes involved in the conspiracy to assassinate Hitler
Plot
Generals Gunther Korten, Rudolf Schmundt & Colonel Heinz Brandt are killed
Plot
Under interrogation a suspect mentions Rommels name with the attempt on Hitler's life
Plot
Generals Gunther Korten, Rudolf Schmundt & Colonel Heinz Brandt are killed
Plot
In the plans for the overthrow, Friedrich-Werner von der Schulenburg was tentatively foreseen as the new Foreign Minister. After the failure of the attempt on Hitler's life on 20 July 1944, arrested and charged with high treason
Rastenburg
The assassination attempt against Hitler takes place at the Wolfs Lair near Rastenburg
Reserve Army Orders
The coup depends on issuing Reserve Army orders to arrest Nazi officials and secure command centres
Stauffenberg Plot
A conspirator in the Stauffenberg plot to assassinate Hitler & sieze Berlin
Stauffenberg Plot
Moves the Stauffenberg briefcase bomb aside & unwittingly saves Hitler
Stauffenberg Plot
The refusal of Colonel General Friedrich Fromm, Chief of Reserve Army and the only person who could initiate Operation Valkyrie besides Hitler, to cooperate was a serious obstacle to the conspirators. After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
Stauffenberg Plot
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
Stauffenberg Plot
Has troops ready to march on Berlin after Stauffenbergs attempt to blow up Hitler
Stauffenberg Plot
Treats Hitler after Stauffenbergs bomb explodes at Rastenburg
Stauffenberg Plot
Treats Hitler after Stauffenbergs bomb explodes at Rastenburg
Stauffenberg Plot
Treats Hitler after Stauffenbergs bomb explodes at Rastenburg
Stauffenberg Plot
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
Stauffenberg Plot
After two abortive attempts, Stauffenberg placed the bomb on July 20 and hurried back to Berlin to assume his pivotal role.
Stauffenberg Plot
German Army officers General Friedrich Olbricht and Major General Henning von Tresckow modified the plan with the intention of using it to take control of German cities, disarm the SS, and arrest the Nazi leadership once Hitler had been assassinated.
Stauffenberg Plot
Stauffenberg decided to carry out both the assassination attempt and the Valkyrie operation, which greatly reduced the chance of success. Has troops ready to march on Berlin after Stauffenbergs attempt to blow up Hitler.
Stauffenberg Plot
The original plan, designed to deal with internal disturbances in emergency situations, was designed by General Friedrich Olbrichts staff in his capacity as head of General Army Office and was approved by Hitler.
Stauffenberg Plot
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
Stauffenberg Plot
Conspirators broadcast Hitler's death & order the arrest of leading Nazis
Stauffenberg Plot
Plants a bomb in Hitler's HQ conference room in the Wolfs Lair, East Prussia. Hitler escapes with an injured right arm & some deafness
Stauffenberg Plot
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften.
Stauffenberg Plot
Demands Operation Walkure to sieze Berlin believing Hitler had been blown up.
Stauffenberg Plot
Stauffenbergs position as Chief of Staff of Reserve Army gave him access to Hitler for reports and at the same time required his presence at headquarters for implementation of Valkyrie.
Stauffenberg Plot
A conspirator in the Stauffenberg plot to assassinate Hitler & sieze Berlin
Stauffenberg Plot
A conspirator in the Stauffenberg plot to assassinate Hitler and seize Berlin for the resistance
Treason
After the failure of the attempt on Hitler's life on 20 July 1944, arrested and charged with high treason
Visit to Hitler at the Fuhrer HQ in Germany
Visits Hitler at the Fuhrer HQ in Germany after the failure of the Stauffenberg plot
Restoration
Restored to the throne after exile in Switzerland
Assassination of Abdullah I
Abdullah I is martyred at al-Aqsa mosque in al-Quds. Abdullah I is assassinated during peace talks between Israel & Jordan
Assassination of Abdullah I
Abdullah I is assassinated in the presence of Hussein I
Assassination of Abdullah I
Abdullah I is assassinated during peace talks between Israel & Jordan
Accords of Geneva
Both China and the Soviet Union, for their own strategic reasons, refused to back the Viet Minh claim to govern all of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh’s chief negotiator, Pham Van Dong, chose not to align too closely with Moscow or Beijing, preferring that North Vietnam remain in charge of its own destiny
Accords of Geneva
Represents the SVN during the signing of the Geneva Accords
Accords of Geneva
Both China and the Soviet Union, for their own strategic reasons, refused to back the Viet Minh claim to govern all of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh’s chief negotiator, Pham Van Dong, chose not to align too closely with Moscow or Beijing, preferring that North Vietnam remain in charge of its own destiny
Accords of Geneva
Represents the DRV during the signing of the Geneva Accords
Conference of Geneva
Opening day of the Geneva Conference to discuss peace in Vietnam
Geneva Accords
Geneva settlement recognizes Cambodia's sovereignty and territorial integrity
USS George Washington
USS George Washington successfully fires Polaris missiles while submerged
USS George Washington
The successful submerged launch of Polaris demonstrates the strategic value of ballistic missile submarines
Beatles, The
Brian Epstein orders 144 copies of "Cry For A Shadow", written by George Harrison
Beatles, The
Brian Epstein orders 144 copies of "Cry For A Shadow", written by George Harrison
Socialist Nationalizations
Issues decrees nationalizing banks, insurance companies and major industrial enterprises.
Assassination of Tou Samouth
The underground communist party secretary Tou Samouth is arrested and later killed while in custody
Khmer Rouge
Tou Samouth is murdered by the Kampuchean Government
Like a Rolling Stone
Releases Like a Rolling Stone, expanding expectations of a pop single.
Arrest of Ian Richard Kyle Paisley
Imprisoned for a breach of the peace at a Church assembly
Deflation
Produces a deflationary package to stabilise the pound
Prices & Incomes
Launches a 6 month freeze on prices & wages
Wuhan Incident
Wang Li is seized during the Wuhan Incident, exposing the dangers of radical mobilisation
1st Man on the Moon
Armstrong takes over manual control of the LM, finds an area which to him seems safe for a landing and touches down on the moon at 20:17:39 UTC on July 20, 1969
1st Man on the Moon
Takes "one small step for man but a giant step for mankind". Neil Armstrong is 1st man on the moon
1st Man on the Moon
The Eagle lands on the Sea of Tranquility near the lunar equator
Apollo 11 Call
Telephones Armstrong and Aldrin on the lunar surface.
Apollo 11 Eagle Undocking
Serves as lunar module pilot as Eagle separates from Columbia for descent to the Moon.
Apollo 11 Eagle Undocking
Commands Eagle as it separates from Columbia in lunar orbit before the first crewed Moon landing.
Apollo 11 Eagle Undocking
Pilots Columbia as Eagle separates for the first crewed lunar landing attempt.
Apollo 11 Guidance Alarm Response
Continues the lunar descent after Mission Control confirms that guidance computer program alarms permit the landing to proceed.
Apollo 11 Landing
Manually guides Eagle to a safe landing on the Moon.
Apollo 11 Lunar Descent
Monitors guidance, altitude and descent data while Armstrong pilots Eagle toward the Sea of Tranquility.
Apollo 11 Lunar Orbit
Keeps Columbia in lunar orbit while Armstrong and Aldrin land.
Apollo 11 Powered Descent
Commands Eagle during powered descent toward the Sea of Tranquility.
Discovery of Moon
The Eagle lands on the Sea of Tranquility near the lunar equator
Eagle Undocking
Flies aboard Eagle as it separates from Columbia for the first crewed lunar landing attempt.
First Moon Landing
Lands on the Moon with Neil Armstrong in Eagle.
Tranquility Base
Pilots Eagle during the first human lunar landing.
Tranquility Base
Reports that Eagle has landed at Tranquility Base.
Absolutely Live
Releases the live album Absolutely Live.
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer
Executive Branch Evidence Hearing
Takes part as the committee continues assembling testimony about executive branch actions, campaign intelligence and the handling of information after the Watergate arrests.
Invasion of Cyprus
Turkish establish beach-heads along the northern coast & near Nicosia
Kissinger oversees the evacuation of servicemen from Thailand
Kissinger oversees the evacuation of servicemen from Thailand
NCRI
Banisadr becomes associated with the National Council of Resistance of Iran as an opposition coalition forms against the government
NCRI
Banisadr joins opposition efforts around the National Council of Resistance of Iran
NCRI
Rajavi helps establish the National Council of Resistance of Iran as an opposition coalition
NCRI
Rajavi helps form the National Council of Resistance of Iran as an umbrella opposition organisation
Invasion of Iraq
Iran moves troops into northern Iraq
Strike
The TGWU calls off the National Dock Strike
Emergency Powers Declared
Expands detention and censorship powers amid nationwide political unrest.
Partial State of Emergency
Declares a state of emergency in selected districts.
State of Emergency
A state of emergency is declared
Invasion of Afghanistan
The withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan is announced
Ceasefire
Accepts a United Nations proposal for a cease-fire in the Gulf
United Nations
Security Council Res 598 orders an Iraq cease-fire or face an arms embargo. Security Council Res 598 is ignored
Bombing of Stock Exchange
An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
IRA
An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
IRA - Bombing of Stock Exchange
Government record concerning the IRA: An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
IRA - Bombing of Stock Exchange
Historical IRA record under Conservative Party Government: An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
IRA - Bombing of Stock Exchange
IRA context for Margaret Hilda Thatcher: An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
Ban on Party Activity in State Institutions
Signs a decree prohibiting political party organizations from operating inside Russian state institutions and enterprises.
Independence of Czech Republic
Resigns after the proclamation of Slovak sovereignty
Independence of Slovakia
Resigns after the proclamation of Slovak sovereignty
Resignation of Vaclav Havel
Resigns after Slovak sovereignty is declared.
Resignation of Vaclav Havel
Resigns after the proclamation of Slovak sovereignty
Andromeda Double Nucleus Announced
NASA announces Hubble evidence that the core of M31 contains a double nucleus, challenging simple models of the galaxy's central stellar structure.
Legislation
The Treaty of Maastricht recieves Royal Assent
Maastricht Ratification
Wins parliamentary ratification battles over the Maastricht Treaty.
Treaty of Maastricht
Sees the European Communities Amendment Act receive Royal Assent, enabling British Maastricht ratification to proceed.
Regional Development
Addresses Commons questions on regional development policy.
Ceasefire
The IRA restores its ceasefire
IRA
The IRA restores its ceasefire
IRA - Ceasefire
Government record concerning the IRA: The IRA restores its ceasefire
IRA - Ceasefire
Historical IRA record under Labour Party Government: The IRA restores its ceasefire
IRA - Ceasefire
IRA context for Anthony Charles Lynton Blair: The IRA restores its ceasefire
Peace
The IRA restores its ceasefire
Documentation Efforts
Archives and evidence collection expand
Diplomatic Mission at London
UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown expelled four Russian envoys over Russias refusal to extradite Andrei Lugovoi to face charges on the alleged murder of Litvinenko
Diplomatic Mission at London
UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown expelled four Russian envoys over Russias refusal to extradite Andrei Lugovoi to face charges on the alleged murder of Litvinenko
Counter-Extremism Speech
Sets out proposals to challenge violent and non-violent extremism and promote shared British values.
UN Resolution 2231
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 endorses the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action and establishes the international framework for its implementation.
Apollo 11 Anniversary
Marks fifty years since walking on the Moon.
COVID Relief Negotiations
Negotiates further relief measures with Congress.
Appointment as Prime Minister
Burnham accepts the King's invitation to form a government.
First Downing Street Speech
Burnham promises political decentralisation, reindustrialisation and a ten-year national plan.
National Rough Sleeping Drive
Burnham launches a national programme backed by additional funding to end long-term rough sleeping.
Resignation as Prime Minister
Starmer resigns and supports Andy Burnham as his successor.
Births on July 20
Birth of Ludwig Beck
Birth of Ludwig Beck
Birth of Abdullah I
Birth of Abdullah I
Birth of Edmund Percival Hillary
Birth of Edmund Percival Hillary
Deaths on July 20
Death of James Randolph
Death of Thomas Randolph
Death of Ferdinand I
Ferdinand dies and the crown passes to his young grandson Michael.
Death of Guenther Hans von Kluge
Becomes involved in the conspiracy to assassinate Hitler
Death of Gunther Korten
Killed while trying to assassinate Hitler
Death of Abdullah I
Death of Abdullah I, assassinated
Death of Abdullah I
Death of King Abdullah I of Jordan
Death of Bruce Lee
Death of Bruce Lee
Death of Simon Ward
Death of Simon Ward
Battles on July 20
Battle of Shrewsbury
Marches to Shrewsbury to prevent the rebels from joining up with Glendower
Battle of Inverkeithing
Brown commands Scottish forces defeated by Lambert at Inverkeithing.
Battle of Inverkeithing
Lambert defeats Scottish forces in Fife and opens the route for Parliamentarian operations north of the Forth.
Battle of Lissa
Tegetthoff defeats the larger Italian fleet at Lissa using aggressive close-range tactics.
Battle of Lissa
Tegetthoff wins a major naval victory despite Italian superiority in ironclads and guns.
Battle of Stalingrad
Bock has been dismissed & Paulus placed in charge of capturing Stalingrad