1333
Berwick Captured
Takes Berwick after victory at Halidon Hill
On this date in world history
Browse historical events, births, deaths and battles recorded on July 20. Every item below is rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
Takes Berwick after victory at Halidon Hill
Berwick surrenders to Edward III after the defeat of the Scottish relief army
Philip arrives in England before his marriage to Mary
Philip of Spain lands in England
Arrives in Southampton on his way to marry Mary I
Philip arrives in England before marriage to Mary.
Philip of Spain lands in England before marrying Mary
The Armada Fleets sets sail from Corunna
As the tide turned, 55 English ships set out to confront them from Plymouth under the command of Lord Howard of Effingham, with Sir Francis Drake as Vice Admiral. Howard ceded some control to Drake, given his experience in battle. The rear admiral was Sir John Hawkins
As the tide turned, 55 English ships set out to confront them from Plymouth under the command of Lord Howard of Effingham, with Sir Francis Drake as Vice Admiral. Howard ceded some control to Drake, given his experience in battle. The rear admiral was Sir John Hawkins
As the tide turned, 55 English ships set out to confront them from Plymouth under the command of Lord Howard of Effingham, with Sir Francis Drake as Vice Admiral. Howard ceded some control to Drake, given his experience in battle. The rear admiral was Sir John Hawkins
Steller recorded fires, tools, food remains, and other evidence of Indigenous habitation on Kayak Island.
Steller went ashore on Kayak Island to collect specimens and investigate the surrounding environment.
Olympe de Gouges was imprisoned because authorities regarded her political writings as counter-revolutionary.
Fouche became Minister of Police during the final months of the Directory, replacing Bourguignon.
Talleyrand resigned as Minister of Foreign Relations after political attacks increased during the renewed Jacobin influence of 1799.
Opens Euston with the first section of the London and Birmingham Railway.
Begins passenger service between London, Harrow, Watford and Boxmoor.
Succeeds his father as Wali while Muhammad Ali remains seriously ill.
Tegetthoff forms his fleet into attacking wedges and closes rapidly with the Italians.
Cappellini remains aboard Palestro when fire reaches its magazine and destroys the ship.
Faa di Bruno dies when Tegetthoff's flagship rams and sinks Re d'Italia.
Brings British Columbia into Confederation with a railway promise.
Leads British Columbia as it enters Confederation.
Appointed Prime Minister of Spain, 1st term
Supports alternatives for people unable to pay fines.
Presents a programme intended to reduce unnecessary imprisonment.
Presents prison reform plans to the House of Commons
Wants to reduce the prison population, concerned by high number who cannot pay fines. Proposals include abolition of automatic imprisonment for non-payment of fines. Introduces a Penal Code to Parliament
Asks Clemenceau to call up the 1920 conscripts in 1918
Teschen is divided between Czechoslovakia and Poland
Michael becomes king under a regency because he is a child.
The SPD-led Prussian Government in Berlin, headed by Otto Braun, is ousted by Franz von Papen, the new Chancellor, by means of a Presidential decree, proves to be a significant factor contributing to the downfall of the Weimar Republic. Otto Braun his Social Democratic Administration are deposed by Chancellor Papen
Otto Braun his Social Democratic Administration are deposed by Chancellor Papen
Ends any prospect of a democratic election
Ends any prospect of a democratic election. Deposes the Prussian Government & appoints himself Reich Commissioner for Prussia
The concordat is formally signed
Signs the Reich Concordat with Franz von Papen on behalf of the Holy See.
Signs the Reich Concordat with Cardinal Pacelli, regulating relations between Nazi Germany and the Holy See.
An international commission approves Turkeys request to fortify the Straits
The rebels take Majorca
The Constitution of 1936 reduced the presidential term and introduced limited political reforms.
10,000 citizens, police & soldiers, attack the Montana Barracks held by rebel General Fanjul
The rebels take Majorca
Start of the siege of the Alcezar de Toledo
An international commission approves Turkeys request to fortify the Straits
An international commission approves Turkeys request to fortify the Straits
Completes his first major climb, reaching the summit of Mount Oliver in the Southern Alps
Provides for a shipbuilding program for entry into the 2nd World War
Provides for a shipbuilding program for entry into the 2nd World War
The Germans began to suffer logistics difficulties, which slowed down the tempo of the advance. The German 6th Army was continually delayed by fuel shortages. Eight days later, on 20 July, shortages of fuel were still undermining operations, leaving many units unable to execute their orders
Anti-partisan operation centreed on the Chechivichi region of Belarus begun
The Germans began to suffer logistics difficulties, which slowed down the tempo of the advance. The German 6th Army was continually delayed by fuel shortages. Eight days later, on 20 July, shortages of fuel were still undermining operations, leaving many units unable to execute their orders
Hoth is ordered to move to the Don, the target is the oil wells rather than Stalingrad
The Germans began to suffer logistics difficulties, which slowed down the tempo of the advance. The German 6th Army was continually delayed by fuel shortages. Eight days later, on 20 July, shortages of fuel were still undermining operations, leaving many units unable to execute their orders
Forbidden by Hitler to make any withdrawals
After the failure of the attempt on Hitler's life on 20 July 1944, arrested and charged with high treason
Killed while trying to assassinate Hitler
Quirnheim remains at the Bendlerblock as the conspirators attempt to use the replacement army to seize control
Witzleben appears at the Bendlerblock during the attempted seizure of power
Witzleben leaves the Bendlerblock as the coup attempt collapses
The conspirators intend Witzleben to act as Commander in Chief of the armed forces after the coup succeeds
In the plans for the overthrow, Friedrich-Werner von der Schulenburg was tentatively foreseen as the new Foreign Minister
Witzleben travels to Berlin as the coup attempt begins to unfold
The coup collapses after news spreads that Hitler survived the assassination attempt
The conspiracy weakens as reports confirm that Hitler survived the bomb attack
The Russians reach the 1939 Polish border, west of Kovel
Reaches the River Bug, west of Kovel, 1939 Polish border
The Russians reach the 1939 Polish border, west of Kovel
Treats Hitler after Stauffenbergs bomb explodes at Rastenburg
Jodl suffers minor injuries in the bomb explosion during the attempt to kill Hitler.
Quirnheim supports the conspiracy to overthrow Hitler after the bomb attack at the Wolfs Lair
The bomb placed by Stauffenberg fails to kill Hitler
Witzleben is connected with Beck in the planned replacement leadership after Hitler is removed
Forced to postpone Operation Cobra due to heavy rainfall
The refusal of Colonel General Friedrich Fromm, Chief of Reserve Army and the only person who could initiate Operation Valkyrie besides Hitler, to cooperate was a serious obstacle to the conspirators. After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
Has troops ready to march on Berlin after Stauffenbergs attempt to blow up Hitler
An operation by Hitler's assassins to sieze Berlin
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
After two abortive attempts, Stauffenberg placed the bomb on July 20 and hurried back to Berlin to assume his pivotal role.
German Army officers General Friedrich Olbricht and Major General Henning von Tresckow modified the plan with the intention of using it to take control of German cities, disarm the SS, and arrest the Nazi leadership once Hitler had been assassinated.
Stauffenberg decided to carry out both the assassination attempt and the Valkyrie operation, which greatly reduced the chance of success. Has troops ready to march on Berlin after Stauffenbergs attempt to blow up Hitler.
The original plan, designed to deal with internal disturbances in emergency situations, was designed by General Friedrich Olbrichts staff in his capacity as head of General Army Office and was approved by Hitler.
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
After the bomb explodes Quirnheim urges General Olbricht to activate Operation Walkure even though Hitlers death is not confirmed
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften.
Demands Operation Walkure to sieze Berlin believing Hitler had been blown up.
Stauffenbergs position as Chief of Staff of Reserve Army gave him access to Hitler for reports and at the same time required his presence at headquarters for implementation of Valkyrie.
German Army officers General Friedrich Olbricht and Major General Henning von Tresckow modified the plan with the intention of using it to take control of German cities, disarm the SS, and arrest the Nazi leadership once Hitler had been assassinated
After the bombing the conspirators attempt to activate Operation Walkure in Berlin
Appointed Plenipotentiary for the Mobilization of Total War
Appointed Plenipotentiary for the Mobilization of Total War, after the July plot
Generals Gunther Korten, Rudolf Schmundt & Colonel Heinz Brandt are killed
Participates in the Staufenburg plot to assassinate Hitler
Participates in the Staufenburg plot to assassinate Hitler
Hitler escapes with minor injuries. Generals Gunther Korten, Rudolf Schmundt & Colonel Heinz Brandt are killed. After the plots says "More proof that Fate has selected me for my mission". A bomb is planted in Hitler's HQ conference room in the Wolfs Lair, East Prussia
Becomes involved in the conspiracy to assassinate Hitler
Generals Gunther Korten, Rudolf Schmundt & Colonel Heinz Brandt are killed
Under interrogation a suspect mentions Rommels name with the attempt on Hitler's life
Generals Gunther Korten, Rudolf Schmundt & Colonel Heinz Brandt are killed
In the plans for the overthrow, Friedrich-Werner von der Schulenburg was tentatively foreseen as the new Foreign Minister. After the failure of the attempt on Hitler's life on 20 July 1944, arrested and charged with high treason
The assassination attempt against Hitler takes place at the Wolfs Lair near Rastenburg
The coup depends on issuing Reserve Army orders to arrest Nazi officials and secure command centres
A conspirator in the Stauffenberg plot to assassinate Hitler & sieze Berlin
Moves the Stauffenberg briefcase bomb aside & unwittingly saves Hitler
The refusal of Colonel General Friedrich Fromm, Chief of Reserve Army and the only person who could initiate Operation Valkyrie besides Hitler, to cooperate was a serious obstacle to the conspirators. After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
Has troops ready to march on Berlin after Stauffenbergs attempt to blow up Hitler
Treats Hitler after Stauffenbergs bomb explodes at Rastenburg
Treats Hitler after Stauffenbergs bomb explodes at Rastenburg
Treats Hitler after Stauffenbergs bomb explodes at Rastenburg
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
After two abortive attempts, Stauffenberg placed the bomb on July 20 and hurried back to Berlin to assume his pivotal role.
German Army officers General Friedrich Olbricht and Major General Henning von Tresckow modified the plan with the intention of using it to take control of German cities, disarm the SS, and arrest the Nazi leadership once Hitler had been assassinated.
Stauffenberg decided to carry out both the assassination attempt and the Valkyrie operation, which greatly reduced the chance of success. Has troops ready to march on Berlin after Stauffenbergs attempt to blow up Hitler.
The original plan, designed to deal with internal disturbances in emergency situations, was designed by General Friedrich Olbrichts staff in his capacity as head of General Army Office and was approved by Hitler.
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften
Conspirators broadcast Hitler's death & order the arrest of leading Nazis
Plants a bomb in Hitler's HQ conference room in the Wolfs Lair, East Prussia. Hitler escapes with an injured right arm & some deafness
After he had discovered that the bomb had not killed Hitler, Fromm ordered the executions of General Olbricht, his Chief of Staff Colonel Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel von Stauffenberg, and his adjutant Lieutenant Werner von Haeften.
Demands Operation Walkure to sieze Berlin believing Hitler had been blown up.
Stauffenbergs position as Chief of Staff of Reserve Army gave him access to Hitler for reports and at the same time required his presence at headquarters for implementation of Valkyrie.
A conspirator in the Stauffenberg plot to assassinate Hitler & sieze Berlin
A conspirator in the Stauffenberg plot to assassinate Hitler and seize Berlin for the resistance
After the failure of the attempt on Hitler's life on 20 July 1944, arrested and charged with high treason
Visits Hitler at the Fuhrer HQ in Germany after the failure of the Stauffenberg plot
Restored to the throne after exile in Switzerland
Abdullah I is martyred at al-Aqsa mosque in al-Quds. Abdullah I is assassinated during peace talks between Israel & Jordan
Abdullah I is assassinated in the presence of Hussein I
Abdullah I is assassinated during peace talks between Israel & Jordan
Both China and the Soviet Union, for their own strategic reasons, refused to back the Viet Minh claim to govern all of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh’s chief negotiator, Pham Van Dong, chose not to align too closely with Moscow or Beijing, preferring that North Vietnam remain in charge of its own destiny
Represents the SVN during the signing of the Geneva Accords
Both China and the Soviet Union, for their own strategic reasons, refused to back the Viet Minh claim to govern all of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh’s chief negotiator, Pham Van Dong, chose not to align too closely with Moscow or Beijing, preferring that North Vietnam remain in charge of its own destiny
Represents the DRV during the signing of the Geneva Accords
Opening day of the Geneva Conference to discuss peace in Vietnam
Geneva settlement recognizes Cambodia's sovereignty and territorial integrity
USS George Washington successfully fires Polaris missiles while submerged
The successful submerged launch of Polaris demonstrates the strategic value of ballistic missile submarines
Brian Epstein orders 144 copies of "Cry For A Shadow", written by George Harrison
Brian Epstein orders 144 copies of "Cry For A Shadow", written by George Harrison
Issues decrees nationalizing banks, insurance companies and major industrial enterprises.
The underground communist party secretary Tou Samouth is arrested and later killed while in custody
Tou Samouth is murdered by the Kampuchean Government
Releases Like a Rolling Stone, expanding expectations of a pop single.
Imprisoned for a breach of the peace at a Church assembly
Produces a deflationary package to stabilise the pound
Launches a 6 month freeze on prices & wages
Zhou Enlai intervenes during the Wuhan Incident to contain conflict between radicals and the army
Wang Li is seized during the Wuhan Incident, exposing the dangers of radical mobilisation
Armstrong takes over manual control of the LM, finds an area which to him seems safe for a landing and touches down on the moon at 20:17:39 UTC on July 20, 1969
Takes "one small step for man but a giant step for mankind". Neil Armstrong is 1st man on the moon
The Eagle lands on the Sea of Tranquility near the lunar equator
Telephones Armstrong and Aldrin on the lunar surface.
Serves as lunar module pilot as Eagle separates from Columbia for descent to the Moon.
Commands Eagle as it separates from Columbia in lunar orbit before the first crewed Moon landing.
Pilots Columbia as Eagle separates for the first crewed lunar landing attempt.
Continues the lunar descent after Mission Control confirms that guidance computer program alarms permit the landing to proceed.
Manually guides Eagle to a safe landing on the Moon.
Monitors guidance, altitude and descent data while Armstrong pilots Eagle toward the Sea of Tranquility.
Keeps Columbia in lunar orbit while Armstrong and Aldrin land.
Commands Eagle during powered descent toward the Sea of Tranquility.
The Eagle lands on the Sea of Tranquility near the lunar equator
Flies aboard Eagle as it separates from Columbia for the first crewed lunar landing attempt.
Lands on the Moon with Neil Armstrong in Eagle.
Pilots Eagle during the first human lunar landing.
Reports that Eagle has landed at Tranquility Base.
Releases the live album Absolutely Live.
Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer
Turkish establish beach-heads along the northern coast & near Nicosia
Kissinger oversees the evacuation of servicemen from Thailand
Banisadr becomes associated with the National Council of Resistance of Iran as an opposition coalition forms against the government
Banisadr joins opposition efforts around the National Council of Resistance of Iran
Rajavi helps form the National Council of Resistance of Iran as an umbrella opposition organisation
Rajavi helps establish the National Council of Resistance of Iran as an opposition coalition
Iran moves troops into northern Iraq
The TGWU calls off the National Dock Strike
Expands detention and censorship powers amid nationwide political unrest.
Declares a state of emergency in selected districts.
A state of emergency is declared
The withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan is announced
Accepts a United Nations proposal for a cease-fire in the Gulf
Security Council Res 598 orders an Iraq cease-fire or face an arms embargo. Security Council Res 598 is ignored
An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
Government record concerning the IRA: An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
Historical IRA record under Conservative Party Government: An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
IRA context for Margaret Hilda Thatcher: An IRA bomb explodes at the Stock Exchange
Signs a decree prohibiting political party organizations from operating inside Russian state institutions and enterprises.
Resigns after the proclamation of Slovak sovereignty
Resigns after the proclamation of Slovak sovereignty
Resigns after Slovak sovereignty is declared.
Resigns after the proclamation of Slovak sovereignty
NASA announces Hubble evidence that the core of M31 contains a double nucleus, challenging simple models of the galaxy's central stellar structure.
The Treaty of Maastricht recieves Royal Assent
Wins parliamentary ratification battles over the Maastricht Treaty.
Sees the European Communities Amendment Act receive Royal Assent, enabling British Maastricht ratification to proceed.
Addresses Commons questions on regional development policy.
The IRA restores its ceasefire
The IRA restores its ceasefire
Government record concerning the IRA: The IRA restores its ceasefire
Historical IRA record under Labour Party Government: The IRA restores its ceasefire
IRA context for Anthony Charles Lynton Blair: The IRA restores its ceasefire
The IRA restores its ceasefire
Archives and evidence collection expand
UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown expelled four Russian envoys over Russias refusal to extradite Andrei Lugovoi to face charges on the alleged murder of Litvinenko
UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown expelled four Russian envoys over Russias refusal to extradite Andrei Lugovoi to face charges on the alleged murder of Litvinenko
Sets out proposals to challenge violent and non-violent extremism and promote shared British values.
Marks fifty years since walking on the Moon.
Negotiates further relief measures with Congress.
Burnham accepts the King's invitation to form a government.
Burnham promises political decentralisation, reindustrialisation and a ten-year national plan.
Burnham launches a national programme backed by additional funding to end long-term rough sleeping.
Starmer resigns and supports Andy Burnham as his successor.
Birth of Ludwig Beck
Birth of Abdullah I
Birth of Edmund Percival Hillary
Death of Thomas Randolph
Ferdinand dies and the crown passes to his young grandson Michael.
Becomes involved in the conspiracy to assassinate Hitler
Killed while trying to assassinate Hitler
Death of Abdullah I, assassinated
Death of King Abdullah I of Jordan
Death of Bruce Lee
Death of Simon Ward
Marches to Shrewsbury to prevent the rebels from joining up with Glendower
Brown commands Scottish forces defeated by Lambert at Inverkeithing.
Lambert defeats Scottish forces in Fife and opens the route for Parliamentarian operations north of the Forth.
Tegetthoff defeats the larger Italian fleet at Lissa using aggressive close-range tactics.
Tegetthoff wins a major naval victory despite Italian superiority in ironclads and guns.
Bock has been dismissed & Paulus placed in charge of capturing Stalingrad
Provenance
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