March 12 in History

Llywelyns brother, Dafydd, attacks Hawarden Castle & sparked off the war of 1282-83

Llywelyns brother, Dafydd, attacks Hawarden Castle & sparked off the war of 1282-83

The Bruges truce is renewed as negotiations continue.

Marries Isabella of France, daughter of Charles VI

An army led by Geoffrey Boucicaut, brother of Jean Boucicaut, occupied Avignon and started a five-year siege of the papal palace which ended when Benedict managed to escape from Avignon on 12 March 1403, and seek shelter in territory belonging to Louis II of Anjou

An army led by Geoffrey Boucicaut, brother of Jean Boucicaut, occupied Avignon and started a five-year siege of the papal palace which ended when Benedict managed to escape from Avignon on 12 March 1403, and seek shelter in territory belonging to Louis II of Anjou

Heads up to the north at the head of a Yorkist force

After the defeat of at Loose-Coat Warwick is forced into exile in France

Is created Viscount Lisle, advancing his position at Henry VIII's court.

Begins a major siege intended to restore Spanish control of Maastricht.

Directs trenches, assaults and blockade operations around the fortified city.

Translated from Lincoln to become Bishop of Winchester

Captures Salisbury during the royalist rising for Charles II

Leads a royalist rising against the Protectorate and briefly seizes Salisbury

Grants his brother James a patent including New Netherland before the English expedition.

Receives the royal grant that gives his title to the future province and city of New York.

Lands in Ireland with French support to recover his kingdoms

Succeeds his brother Sambhaji as Maratha ruler

Captures Bordeaux

Introduces the 3rd Reform Bill to the Commons

Publishes a polemical response to the Rhein-und-Mosel-Zeitung.

Austrian & Russian troops occupy Cracow

Austrian & Russian troops occupy Cracow

Provides for the confiscation of emblems & arms of rival Orange & Catholic parties

Lincoln speaks at Leavenworth during his Kansas tour

Lincoln sends his first annual message to Congress

Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia

Publishes an article on British supporters of secession and recognition of the Union blockade.

Introduces a franchise for occupiers in boroughs & occupiers in counties

Introduces a franchise for occupiers in boroughs & occupiers in counties. Gladstones proposals are based on rents rather than rates

French ambition in the Nile lead Salisbury to order Britain to reoccupy the Sudan

Appointed President of Argentina after the death of Manuel Quintana

Sturdza forms a government during the nationwide peasant revolt.

Campbell's men begin converting a snowdrift into a cramped winter shelter after accepting that ship relief will not arrive.

Factory and military delegates elect Chkheidze chairman of the Soviet.

Workers and soldiers choose Chkheidze to lead the Petrograd Soviet.

Is elected vice chairman of the Petrograd Soviet.

Released by the February Revolution from exile in Turukhansk, arrives in Petrograd

Represents Menshevik influence in the Petrograd Soviet.

Is elected vice chairman while joining the revolutionary leadership.

Returns from exile and influences Bolshevik policy in Petrograd.

Returns to Petrograd and works on Pravda.

Becomes vice chairman of the Petrograd Soviet.

The capital moves to Moscow while Petrograd remains symbolically important.

Appointed Chancellor of Austria, 1st term

Sverdlov works from Moscow as the Soviet government establishes the city as the new national capital.

Directs Petrograd political mobilisation during the siege.

Zinoviev directs political responses during the Kronstadt crisis.

Returns to the presidency after the January military movement recalls him from exile.

Directs Asphalt, a late silent film of the Weimar period.

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.

Commands the 2nd Panzer Division through Linz to Vienna during the Anschluss

Germany invades Austria after the Austrian Nazi Party invite German troops to march in and the union becomes the Anschluss

Orders Wihelm Stuckart to Vienna to draft a law making him President of Austria

Proclaims the union of Austria with Germany. German troops occupy Austria which then becomes a Dominion of the 3rd Reich

Orders Stuckart to Vienna to organize anshcluss n defiance of the Versailles Treaty

The Nazis take over Austria and expel all Jews and other political opponents from the universities. Germany invades Austria after the Austrian Nazi Party invite German troops to march in and the union becomes the Anschluss

Held prisoner by the Nazis in his villa in the grounds of Belvedere castle, 1938-1945

Hitler voids Article 88 of the Treaty of St Germain for Austrias independence

Ordered by Hitler to Vienna to organize a total anshcluss

Held prisoner by the Nazis in his villa in the grounds of Belvedere castle, 1938-1945

Appointed Chancellor

Receives confirmation of commercial oil production from Dammam Number Seven.

Guides exploration teams whose work contributes to the major oil discovery.

Leaves Austria only a month or so before it was annexed by Nazi Germany

Hitler voids Article 88 of the Treaty of St Germain for Austrias independence

Germany invades Austria after the Austrian Nazi Party invite German troops to march in and the union becomes the Anschluss

Hitler voids Article 88 of the Treaty of St Germain for Austrias independence

Germany invades Austria after the Austrian Nazi Party invite German troops to march in and the union becomes the Anschluss

Germany invades Austria after the Austrian Nazi Party invite German troops to march in and the union becomes the Anschluss

Hitler voids Article 88 of the Treaty of St Germain for Austrias independence

Continues pushing plans for a northern operation linked to Narvik.

The War Cabinet continues planning for a possible Allied landing at Narvik.

Continues planning for possible Allied landings linked to Narvik.

Appointed Party Leader of the Country Party, in Parliament

The frontier-guard formation commanded by Di Lorenzo is redesignated the 350th Infantry Regiment for North African service.

Executed after being found guilty by a Peoples Court

K-25 begins production of enriched uranium using gaseous diffusion.

Appointed Supreme Commander of Courland

Appointed Supreme Commander of Courland

Executed after being found guilty by a Peoples Court

Support free people who resist subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure

Support free people who resist subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure

Advised the west is going to transform Germany into a "military-political bloc". Accuses the west of breaking the Potsdam Agreement & the London Conference is invalid

Advised the west is going to transform Germany into a "military-political bloc"

The Constituent Assembly adopts the Objectives Resolution under Liaquat Ali Khan.

Appointed Foreign Minister

Appointed the 1st Secretary General of NATO

Appointed the 1st Secretary General of NATO

The Department of Health, Education and Welfare is created during Eisenhower's first months in office.

A school attendance officer filed a court petition on March 12, 1953, alleging that Oswald had been excessively absent from school.

Snoy briefs Belgian officials on the Common Market, Euratom and overseas-association arrangements shortly before signature.

Using the name A. Hidell, Oswald ordered a rifle from Klein's Sporting Goods in Chicago on March 12, 1963.

Announces the foundation of the Muslim Mosque, Inc

Announces the foundation of the Muslim Mosque, Inc

Addresses the Organisation of African Unitys first ordinary assembly of heads of state and Governments in Cairo as a representative of the OAAU

Sings on several tracks on The Velvet Underground and Nico under Andy Warhol’s patronage.

Releases The Velvet Underground and Nico, later regarded as one of rock music’s most influential albums.

U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson edges out antiwar candidate Eugene J. McCarthy in the New Hampshire Democratic primary, a vote which highlights the deep divisions in the country, as well as the party, over Vietnam

Challenges Johnson's Vietnam policy in the Democratic presidential primary

Begins the bi-centenary Cook tour of Australia & New Zealand

Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970 consolidates legislation governing income tax and corporation tax.

Demands Vietnamese communist forces leave Cambodian territory

Appointed President of Venezuela

Makes and defends proposals concerning organisation of the Ministry of Defence.

National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) chief Arthur Scargill unites various strikes into nationwide industrial action, without a ballot

The beginning of the Miners Strike, during the 1st day 100 pits are closed down

81 pits are out but 83 work normally

The National Coal Board says Britain has 23 million tons of coal in stock with another 24 million at the power stations

Union moderates call for a national strike ballot

Key border bases lost to Vietnamese operations

Elected President of Lithuania

Lithuania declares independence from Russia

Appointed President of Haiti

Directs Schtonk!, a satire on the Hitler diaries scandal.

North Korea announces its intention to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty during the safeguards crisis.

Refuses to pardon 1st World War servicemen executed for cowardice or desertion

Rifai participates in foreign policy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Government and international discussions continue over trials for senior leaders

Sturza becomes Prime Minister after confirmation by Parliament

Altman commands Columbia's landing after the successful Hubble Servicing Mission 3B.

Welcomes a Council resolution affirming a vision of two states

Vidal-Madjar leads Hubble observations showing hydrogen escaping from HD 209458b in an extended comet-like atmosphere.

Karolos Papoulias is sworn in as President of the Hellenic Republic.

Papoulias takes office as President of the Hellenic Republic.

Takes office as Acting Mayor of Amsterdam.

Leaves office as Mayor of Amsterdam.

New Horizons becomes closer to Pluto than Earth is to the Sun, marking a major approach milestone.

The Commons rejects the Withdrawal Agreement for a second time.

The Commons rejects the revised Withdrawal Agreement for a second time.

Starmer again votes against the revised withdrawal agreement.

Declares a state of emergency over COVID-19.

Norway announces major national restrictions to slow COVID-19.

Advises the UK government on scientific aspects of the COVID-19 response.

Announces school and public facility closures in response to COVID-19.

Serdar Berdymukhamedov wins the snap presidential election

Guides Arsenal past Porto on penalties to reach the Champions League quarter-finals.

Makes two saves in the penalty shootout as Arsenal eliminate Porto and reach the Champions League quarter-finals.

Guides Aston Villa past Club Brugge to reach the Champions League quarter-finals.

Russian forces press a counteroffensive to recapture territory in Kursk

Birth of George Berkley

Birth of Maustafa Kemal Ataturk

Birth of ustavo Rojas Gustavo, Tunja, Boyoca

Death of Innocent I

Death of Thomas Boleyn

Death of Josef Klemens Pilsudski

Death of Friedrich Fromm, executed

Death of John Cazale

After the defeat at Loose-Coat Warwick is forced into exile in France

Defeated by the Lancastrians. Captured & forced to confesses that Warwick is behind the uprising