November 9 in History

Athelstan granted ten hides at Bowers Gifford to Abbot Beorhtsige.

one of the commissioners on the part of the Barons to negotiate the peace with the King

Marries Elizabeth Sheffield in London after the death of his first wife

Fawkes is forced to name his fellow plotters

Lands at Cape Cod, the Pilgrim fathers then settle in New Plymouth

Captures Wrexham, Royalists are intercepted returning from Ireland after the truce

William III of Orange enters Exeter and establishes a major early base for his advance across southern England.

Captures Aire during the late 1710 campaign.

Leads a Jacobite force into Preston without any resistance

Attains the rank of post-captain, having been appointed to the Plymouth

Marches his forces into Warsaw having crushed the Kosciuszko revolt

Appointed Consul, 1 of 3 in the Directory

Appointed Consul, 1 of 3 in the Directory

Appointed Consul, 1 of 3 in the Directory

Appointed Consul, 1 of 3 in the Directory

Napoleon joined Sieyes and allied politicians in the coup that began on 18 Brumaire and transferred the councils away from Paris.

Barras resigned as the coup of Brumaire destroyed the Directory and ended his central role in revolutionary government.

Napoleon retreats to Smolensk

The French mobilize in Alsace & direct Prussian & Austrian aggression is diffused

The French mobilize in Alsace & direct Prussian & Austrian aggression is diffused

The Pieter de Decker Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as head of the Belgian government.

Begins the Second Charles Rogier Government in Brussels and serves as head of the Belgian government.

Helps restore authority after the Kronstadt naval unrest.

Appointed Director of Military Training at the War Office

Oversees major expansion of Birmingham's municipal boundaries.

Incorporates Aston Manor, Erdington, Handsworth and surrounding districts.

The Turkish garrison of 20,000 surrenders and Constantine occupies the city

Leads Serbian troops westward from Kosovo toward the Adriatic coast.

Supports the campaign intended to secure Serbian access to the Adriatic.

The Admiralty welcomes the destruction of the German cruiser Emden by HMAS Sydney.

"Business carried on as usual during alterations on the map of Europe"

Krylenko is appointed commander in chief after Dukhonin refuses to seek an immediate armistice.

The Bolsheviks broadcast their conditions for peace

The Bolsheviks broadcast their conditions for peace

Dukhonin refuses the Soviet government's order to open armistice negotiations with the Central Powers.

Announces the abdication of Wilhelm II during the armistice

Announces the Kaiser has abdicated

Maximilian announces the abdication without the Kaisers consent.

Maximilian, realizing that the Kaiser would not be able to retain his throne, urges him to abdicate in time to save the monarchy itself, but the Kaiser refuses to agree.

The Kaiser abdicates.

Wilhelm II refuses to abdicate, Prince Max of Baden simply announces that he had done so and frantically attempts to establish a regency under another member of the House of Hohenzollern.

Ebert makes a pact over the phone with General Wilhelm Groener

Begins preparations for drawing up an armistice with the Allies

The Allies demand evacuation of all occupied territories including Alsace Lorraine

The Allies demand the demilitarization of the Rhineland & annulment Brest Litovsk

Appointed Head of the Provisional Government. Appointed Chancellor of Germany, accepts Max von Badens offer

From November 1918 through January 1919, Germany is governed dictatorially by the Council of Peoples Commissioners.

The Ebert-Groener pact stipulates that the Government would not attempt to reform the Army so long as the army swore to protect the state.

To ensure that his fledgling Government is able to maintain control over the country, Ebert makes an uneasy pact with the OHL, now led by Ludendorffs successor General Wilhelm Groener.

Begins preparations for elections to the new National Constitutional Assembly

In a legally questionable act, Reichskanzler Prince Max of Baden transfers his powers to Friedrich Ebert, leader of the MSPD, who, shattered by the monarchys fall, reluctantly accepts. Ebert continues to serve as Head of Government during the three months between the end of the German Empire in November 1918 and the first gathering of the National Assembly in February 1919, but did not use the title of Chancellor

Opposes Scheidemanns declaration of a republic, wants a constitutional monarchy

A Soviet republic was proclaimed, at the Berliner Stadtschloss by a left-wing radical named Karl Liebknecht

Resigns in favour of Ebert, followed by the proclamation of the German Republic

Proclaims the new "Free German Republic" without any Party or Government authorization

The Weimar Republic is proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building in Berlin, to the fury of the Reichskanzler, who still hoped to preserve the monarchy. Scheidemann, concerned in the face of a possible workers revolution in Berlin, proclaims the Republic from a balcony in the Reichstag building, without consulting any of his colleagues

From November 1918 through January 1919, Germany is governed dictatorially by the Council of Peoples Commissioners

Dismisses Ludendorf during the armistice

Begins preparations for elections to the new National Constitutional Assembly

Proclaims the new "Free German Republic" without any Party or Government authorization

The Germans retreat across the Meuse

Ebert continues to serve as Head of Government during the three months between the end of the German Empire in November 1918 and the first gathering of the National Assembly in February 1919, but did not use the title of Chancellor

The Ebert-Groener pact stipulates that the Government would not attempt to reform the Army so long as the army swore to protect the state

The Ebert-Groener pact stipulates that the Government would not attempt to reform the Army so long as the army swore to protect the state

Appointed Head of the Provisional Government

Wilhelm II refuses to abdicate, Prince Max of Baden simply announces that he had done so and frantically attempts to establish a regency under another member of the House of Hohenzollern

Resigns in favor of Friedrich Ebert, the second Empire is at an end

Ebert, supported by the "Majority" Socialists, forces von Baden to resign. Asked by Hindenburg to arrange an armistice but saved the indignity

Resigns in favour of Ebert, followed by the proclamation of the German Republic

In a legally questionable act, Reichskanzler Prince Max of Baden transfers his powers to Friedrich Ebert, leader of the MSPD, who, shattered by the monarchys fall, reluctantly accepts

In a legally questionable act, Reichskanzler Prince Max of Baden transfers his powers to Friedrich Ebert, leader of the MSPD, who, shattered by the monarchys fall, reluctantly accepts

A Soviet republic was proclaimed, at the Berliner Stadtschloss by a left-wing radical named Karl Liebknecht

Wilhelm II refuses to abdicate, Prince Max of Baden simply announces that he had done so and frantically attempts to establish a regency under another member of the House of Hohenzollern

The Weimar Republic is proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building in Berlin, to the fury of the Reichskanzler, who still hoped to preserve the monarchy

The Weimar Republic is proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building in Berlin, to the fury of the Reichskanzler, who still hoped to preserve the monarchy

The Beer Hall Putsch is crushed in Munich.

Bauriedis blood is spilt over the "Blutfahne", the relic NAZI standard

Feder takes part in the party's Beer Hall Putsch

Marches alongside Ernst Rohm who the SS would later execute. Arrives to take over the War Ministry but cannot gain entrance

A failed attempt by Hitler to topple the Bavarian Government & march on Berlin

Proposes the march through Munich which gives the NAZIs their 1st martyrs, 14 killed. Arrives in the Burgerbraukeller in support of the putsch to take control of the Army

Marches through Munich in support of the Nazi Beer Hall Putsch

Carries the "Blutfahne" as the standard bearer

Sends in French troops to occupy the Ruhr. France and Belgium decide to send some engineers to the Ruhr area to speed up the German deliveries, 5 divisions with heavy weapons are sent with them for protection, the Occupation of the Rhineland

Promises NAZI support but follows orders from the High Command to crush the putsch

Beer Hall Putsch is crushed

France and Belgium decide to send some engineers to the Ruhr area to speed up the German deliveries, 5 divisions with heavy weapons are sent with them for protection, the Occupation of the Rhineland

The Stoatrupp, along with the SA and several other NSDAP paramilitary units, take part in the abortive Beer Hall Putsch in Munich

Bavarian police and Reichswehr forces acting under the established authorities defeat Hitler's putsch in Munich.

Marches through Munich in support of the Nazi Beer Hall Putsch

Returns to Poor Law relief as unemployment and hardship continue.

Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, 2nd term

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 2nd term

Freikorps leaders symbolically gave their old Battle flags to Hitler's Sturmabteilung and Schutzstaffel in a huge ceremony

Sworn in as Member of San Francisco Bar

26,000 male Jews arrested

Tries to assassinate the German Ambassador in Paris but shoots Ernst vom Rath

The assassination of vom Rath in Paris is used to spark off "Kristallnacht"

Roths assassination as an excuse for Kristallnacht. Hershel Grynsxpan wants to assassinate the German Ambassador but shoots Ernst vom Rath

After the assassination of von Rath by a Jewish Pole Hitler provokes anti-Jewish riots

Advises party leaders anti-Jewish demonstrations should not be discouraged

Used by the Nazis as another excuse for Kristallnacht

Instructs the police not to interfere

Synagogues are set on fire, cemeteries violated & Jewish buildings destroyed. 30,000 Jews are sent to concentration camps. 26,000 male Jews arrested

The assassination of vom Rath in Paris is used to spark off "Kristallnacht"

Roths assassination as an excuse for Kristallnacht. Raths assasination is used as an excuse for Kristallnacht

Stages a symbollically important parade in Red Square

The First Buhl Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Scavenius Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Frances concedes Kampucheas independence

Becomes crown prince following King Saud's accession.

Succeeds King Abdulaziz as the second king of Saudi Arabia.

Handles negotiations over withdrawal and replacement by United Nations forces

Brian Epstein sees the Beatles at the Cavern for the first time

Local record store manager Brian Epstein is introduced to the Beatles, he signs a contract to manage them

Brian Epstein sees the Beatles at the Cavern for the first time

Sees the Beatles perform at the Cavern Club for the first time.

George Harrison signs a 5 year publishing deal with Northern Songs Ltd

Yoko Ono and John Lennon meet at a preview of her art show, Exhibition #2, at Indica Gallery in London

Yoko Ono and John Lennon meet at a preview of her art show, Exhibition #2, at Indica Gallery in London

Oversees the first uncrewed Saturn V test flight.

Court records reflected a modification of Hunt's Watergate sentence while his imprisonment and related legal proceedings continued.

A simulated missile attack accidentally fed into the American early warning system fools operators, during the six minutes it takes to discover that the attack is not authentic, fighters from bases in the United States and Canada take off

Banzer bans major party and union activity as his dictatorship hardens

Death of Holger Meins, dies of self-induced starvation

Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 2nd term

Ne Win steps down as President while retaining party dominance

San Yu becomes President of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma

The Berlin wall falls & demonstrations of German unity are held in the DDR

Fall of the Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall opens marking the fall of the East German regime

Coming Out premieres in East Berlin on the night the Berlin Wall falls.

Appointed President of Turkey

Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey

Resigns from power

The Berlin wall falls & demonstrations of German unity are held in the DDR

The German Democratic Republic collapses

The Berlin Wall falls and the citizens of Czechoslovakia can see the events every day on TV (both foreign and domestic)

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Appeals for debt rescheduling and greater Western investment during a visit to Britain.

The "Shine On" box set is released

The "Shine On" box set is released

Mile Akmadzic becomes Prime Minister during the Bosnian War

Tells visiting US senators that archival evidence exists concerning Americans held in the Soviet Union after earlier wars.

Wins a landslide victory in the Presidential election

Appointed President of Sri Lanka, 1st woman to hold this post

Calls for a 2nd recount in Florida

Uttaranchal, later renamed Uttarakhand, becomes a separate state after being carved from Uttar Pradesh.

The United Nations Security Council passes United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441, offering Iraq "a final opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations"

The United Nations Security Council passes United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441, offering Iraq "a final opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations". The resolution threatens "serious consequences"

Appointed Manager of West Bromwich Albion

Chirac declares a state of emergency on the 12th day of the civil unrest

Amir Peretz defeats the Party Leader, Shimon Peres

Amir Peretz defeats the Party Leader, Shimon Peres

Tony Blairs 1st Commons defeat, report stage of the Terrorism Bill

Appointed Party Leader of the Labour Party

Tony Blairs 1st Commons defeat, report stage of the Terrorism Bill. Loses a Commons vote on detaining terrorism suspects for 90-days without charge

Chirac declares a state of emergency on the 12th day of the civil unrest

ESA's Venus Express launches to begin Europe's first dedicated mission to Venus.

Authorities briefly confine Benazir Bhutto before a planned protest rally.

Germany marks Twentieth anniversary of fall of Berlin Wall with spectacular ceremony attended by European leaders

Germany marks Twentieth anniversary of fall of Berlin Wall with spectacular ceremony attended by European leaders

Topographic analysis identifies Wright Mons and Piccard Mons as possible large cryovolcanoes formed by icy volcanic activity.

The New Horizons team reports more than fifty Pluto-system discoveries four months after the flyby as stored data continue reaching Earth.

Analysis of the small moons shows rapid, non-synchronous rotation rather than the simple tidal locking seen in Pluto and Charon.

Imran Khan inaugurates the Kartarpur Corridor for Sikh pilgrims.

Names members of a COVID-19 advisory board.

BioNTech and Pfizer announce strong efficacy results for their COVID-19 vaccine candidate.

BioNTech and Pfizer announce strong efficacy results for their COVID-19 vaccine candidate.

BioNTech and Pfizer announce strong efficacy results for their COVID-19 vaccine candidate.

BioNTech and Pfizer announce strong efficacy results for their COVID-19 vaccine candidate.

Birth of Edward VII, 2nd child & eldest son of Queen Victoria & Prince Albert

Birth of Edward VII, eldest son & 3rd child of Victoria & Albert

Birth of Spiro Agnew

Birth of Luiz Felipe Scolari

Death of Phillip Scheidemann

Death of James Ramsey MacDonald, aboard "Reina del Pacifico" crossing the Atlantic

Death of Ernst von Rath, assassinated

Death of Neville Chamberlain, age 71

Death of Charles de Gaulle

Death of Charles Andre Marie Joseph de Gaulle, aged 79 at Colombey

Death of Holger Meins, dies of self-induced starvation

Death of Yves Montand

Charles XII defeats a joint Russian & Saxon Army