September 21 in History

The citizens of York put its castles defenders to the sword

Murdered on Roger de Mortimers orders at Berkley Castle

After being ordered to march back to Gien-sur-Loire, Joan of Arcs army is disbanded

The Duke of Burgundy makes a peace Treaty with Charles VII. Philipe receives the Somme towns and is exempted from homage to the crown. Philipe deserts his English allies and recognizes Charles as king of France. Burgundy retains all land gained in alliance with England, except for Champagne & Brie

Philipe receives the Somme towns and is exempted from homage to the French crown. Philipe deserts his English allies and recognizes Charles as king of France

Philipe receives the Somme towns and is exempted from homage to the French crown. Philipe deserts his English allies and recognizes Charles as king of France

Philipe deserts his English allies and recognizes Charles as King of France. Burgundy retains all land gained in alliance with England, except for Champagne & Brie. Burgundy makes a peace Treaty with Charles VII

Anjou, Maine & Provence are united with the crown.

Louis XIs successor will marry Maximilians daughter bring Artois to France.

Louis XIs successor will marry Maximilians daughter bring Burgundy to France.

Mary of Burgundy cedes Burgundian lands to Louis XI.

Mary of Burgundys daughter Margaret is pledged to the Dauphin.

Signed between Louis XI & Maximilian of Austria.

Signed by Louis XI & The Netherlands following Mary of Burgundys death.

Signed between Louis XI & Maximilian of Austria. Louis XIs successor will marry Maximilians daughter bringing Burgundy to France. Louis XIs successor will marry Maximilians daughter bringing Artois to France

Burgundys daughter Margaret is pledged to the Dauphin

The acquisition of Burgundy by France is recognized by Maximilian I. Marys widower, Archduke Maximilian of Austria, accepts the Treaty of Arras

Richard's niece Anne de la Pole marries James III's son. A 3-year truce is agreed

Anne de la Pole's planned marriage into the Scottish royal family supports a temporary Anglo-Scottish settlement.

A 3-year truce follows the marriage of Richard's niece Anne de la Pole & James III's son

A 3-year truce follows the marriage of Richard's niece Anne de la Pole & James III's son

Avoids war on 2 fronts with Scotland & the Lancastrian invasion force of Henry Tudor

James III accepts a truce with England connected to marriage negotiations involving Anne de la Pole.

Succeeds as Sultan of Turkey

Signs a secret Treaty with France for the partition of Spanish territories

Dissolves Parliament

British victory forcing the evacuation of Philadelphia

At the National Convention argues successfully for immediate abolition of the monarchy

At the National Convention argues successfully for immediate abolition of the monarchy.

The 1st session of the National Convention abolishes the monarchy.

The National Convention abolished royalty in France, formally ending Louis XVI's kingship.

After abolition of the monarchy, revolutionary authorities increasingly referred to the former Louis XVI as Louis Capet.

Renamed to the Societe des Jacobins, amis de la liberte et de legalite

The National Convention abolishes monarchy and Jacobin deputies become central to republican politics

The National Convention abolishes monarchy and Jacobin deputies become central to republican politics.

At the National Convention argues successfully for immediate abolition of the monarchy

Proclaims the independence of Peru

Proclaims the independence of Peru

The 2nd Reform Bill passes through the Commons

Establishes a Chilean settlement to assert sovereignty over the Strait of Magellan.

Commands a successful charge at Monterey winning a victory in the assault on Fort Teneria

Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia

Bahadur Shah II is arrested near Humayun's Tomb after the fall of Delhi.

Bahadur Shah II is captured near Humayun's Tomb after British forces retake Delhi.

Promises to manage Parliament & put through reforms in defiance of Parliament. Persuades William not to abdicate & ends the Constitutional Crisis

Saves the King from the Liberals in the House of Deputies over army expansion

Persuades William not to abdicate & ends the Constitutional Crisis

Promises to form a Government & put through reforms in defiance of Parliament

Appointed Minister President of Prussia

Promises to manage Parliament & put through reforms in defiance of Parliament

Minkowski presents spacetime geometry and recasts special relativity in four dimensional form

Reviews recruiting figures and the continuing debate over compulsory military service.

Ottoman forces around Nablus are broken during the Megiddo offensive.

The tariff raises duties on many agricultural and manufactured imports.

Kerensky records his position on government defence in exile.

Britain's departure from gold allows sterling to float and ends the interwar return begun in 1925.

Snowden supports emergency legislation ending the Bank of England's obligation to provide gold for sterling.

Parliament suspends sterling's gold convertibility after a severe run on Britain's reserves.

Snowden presents the measure suspending the statutory gold standard during the sterling crisis.

Emergency legislation suspends sterling's convertibility into gold during the financial crisis.

Declares Russias commitment to support its Treaty obligations with France & Czech

Benes accepted the earlier Anglo-French transfer plan only after intense pressure from Britain and France.

Benes accepted the earlier Anglo-French transfer plan only after intense pressure from Britain and France.

Declares Russias commitment to support its Treaty obligations with France & Czech

Benes accepted the Anglo-French plan after Britain and France warned that Czechoslovakia could not expect military support.

Argesanu forms an emergency government after Calinescu's assassination.

Iron Guard assassins kill Calinescu in Bucharest.

Germany & Russia declares that Poland no longer exists

Germany & Russia declares that Poland no longer exists

Germany & Russia declares that Poland no longer exists

Hitler watches his troops cross the River San

Plans to attack the Italians now he has superior forces. Mussolini calls off the invasion

Rundstedt & Guderian complete the encirclement of Kiev

Stalin evacuates Kiev but Halder says the Germans should have concentrated on Moscow

Stalin evacuates Kiev, Hitler calls it "the greatest Battle in world history"

Rundstedt & Guderian complete the encirclement of Kiev

Orders the evacuation of Kiev, 665,000 Russian prisoners are captured

Bitossi resumes command of the Littorio Armoured Division before the decisive autumn fighting at El Alamein.

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.

Exceeds his authority & declares martial law in Vietnam

Appointed Chairman of the Peoples Republic of China

Appointed Chairman of the Peoples Republic of China

Proclaims the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China

Appointed Foreign Minister

Appointed Prime Minister of the Peoples Republic of China

Promotes the Suez Canal Users Association as an alternative to immediate military action over the canal dispute.

Tours San Francisco during his American visit and meets civic and business representatives.

Malta is given independence after 140 years of British colonial rule

Malta is given independence after 140 years of British colonial rule

Attends the first IAEA General Conference held outside Vienna, convened in Tokyo.

Releases Electric Warrior, a landmark album in the development of glam rock.

Electric Warrior uses cover artwork by Hipgnosis, based on a photograph by Kieron Spud Murphy.

The cover artwork for Electric Warrior was designed by British art design group Hipgnosis, based on a photo taken by Kieron "Spud" Murphy at a T. Rex concert at the Albert Hall, Nottingham on 14 May 1971

The military junta dissolves the National Congress and assumes legislative authority.

Mariner 10 returns to Mercury for a second flyby because its solar orbit is resonant with Mercury's orbital period.

Appears at the 100 Club Punk Festival, helping define the London punk scene.

The Clash perform at the 100 Club Punk Festival, sharing the bill with the Sex Pistols, Siouxsie and the Banshees and Subway Sect

The Clash perform at the 100 Club Punk Festival, sharing the bill with the Sex Pistols, Siouxsie and the Banshees and Subway Sect

Appointed President of Angola, 1st term

Meets Khohl, they agree to forward CAP reforms from Stuttgart to the Athens Summit

Meets Chancellor Khohl, they agree to forward CAP reforms to the Athens Summit

Miners & police clash at Maltby

Sings on Big Generator during the final album of the 1980s Yes line-up.

Plays guitar and contributes songwriting to Big Generator.

The Joint Protocol linking the Vienna and Paris nuclear liability conventions is adopted.

Saw Maung becomes Prime Minister under the military council

Issues Decree 1400 dissolving the Supreme Soviet and Congress of People's Deputies, triggering a constitutional confrontation.

Calls elections for a new bicameral Federal Assembly while dissolving the existing Soviet-era legislature.

Galileo is deliberately sent into Jupiter to prevent possible contamination of Europa.

Appointed manager of Leeds United

The accord seeks a ceasefire and renewed political cooperation.

Supports the Peace and National Partnership Agreement.

Arif participates in political reform connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

A New Horizons methane map shows that methane ice is distributed unevenly across Pluto's surface.

Tsipras returns as Prime Minister after winning the September election.

Germany agrees to nationalize Uniper during the European energy crisis

Announces partial mobilization after Russian battlefield setbacks.

Announces a partial mobilization of Russian reservists

Presents five conditions for peace, including punishment for aggression, protection of life and restoration of territorial integrity.

Webb obtains the clearest view of Neptune's rings in more than three decades, including faint dusty bands.

Born in Innsbruck as a member of the Habsburg inner Austrian line.

Birth of Abdulhamid II

Birth of Leonard Norman Cohen

Birth of James Christopher "Jimmy" Armfield

Birth of Don Felder, later Eagles guitarist and co-writer of Hotel California.

Birth of Kevin Michael Rudd

Birth of Liam Gallagher, William John Paul Gallagher

Death of Edward II, murdered on Roger de Mortimers orders at Berkley Castle

Charles V dies in retirement at the monastery of Yuste

Death of Charles V in retirement at Yuste

A Polish force of 36,000 is defeated by the Cossacks

Defeated by Charles Edward Stuart during the Jacobite Rebellion

Defeats General Copes dragoons

The first significant conflict in the Jacobite rising of 1745. The Jacobite army loyal to James Francis Edward Stuart and led by his son Charles Edward Stuart defeated the Government army loyal to the Hanoverian George II led by Sir John Cope

The Battle of Prestonpans sees the rout of John Copes (commander of the British Army in Scotland) forces by the Jacobites in a Battle that lasted no longer than fifteen minutes

Washington is left with dictatorial powers. British victory forcing the evacuation of Philadelphia. A British victory which forces Congress to move from Philadelphia to York

Davis and the Mississippi Rifles serve under Taylor during the Monterrey campaign

Commands a successful charge at Monterey winning a victory in the assault on Fort Teneria

Taylor begins the assault on Monterrey during the northern Mexico campaign

Worth leads American troops in the attack on the western approaches to Monterrey

Model arranged for units to be sent straight to the units in action in order to avoid long-winded logistics, and rushed in specialist street fighting and machine gun battalions. Each day of the battle, the German military strength increased whilst the British supplies diminished. By 21 September, the fifth day of the battle, German forces outnumbered the British by 3:1 and continued to increase

Arnhem was a victory for the Germans (albeit tempered by their losses further south]) and a major defeat for the British army. The Allies withdrew from the southern bank of the Rhine and the front stabilised on "the island" between the Rhine and Waal rivers

Arnhem was a victory for the Germans (albeit tempered by their losses further south]) and a major defeat for the British army. The Allies withdrew from the southern bank of the Rhine and the front stabilised on "the island" between the Rhine and Waal rivers

The Glider Pilots would organise the routes to the river and the whole operation would be covered by an intense artillery barrage from XXX Corps.[163] South of the river the evacuation was organised and staffed by men of the Royal Engineers of 43rd Division and Royal Canadian Engineers, using rafts

Urquhart formulated his withdrawal plan on the successful method used in the evacuation of Gallipoli during the First World War. The northernmost units would fall back first, moving through the more southerly groups who would then follow behind.

and storm boats.

Desmond Hayde commands 3 Jat during the hard-fought capture of Dograi near Lahore in the closing days of the war.