January 28 in History

Declared Emperor in Cologne after the mutiny of the Pretorian guard

Declared Emperor in Cologne after the mutiny of the Pretorian guard

Succeeds Nerva as emperor, the first provincial-born ruler of Rome.

Succeeds Nerva while commanding on the Rhine.

William of Holland died during a campaign in Friesland, reopening the disputed royal succession.

Conducted from 28 January to 25 May 1521, with the Emperor Charles V presiding. Transfers the hereditary Habsburg lands within the Empire to his brother Ferdinand. Luther is tried before the Emperor at the Diet of Worms & given an Empire ban

Summoned to appear at the Diet of Worms

Cranmer validates Henry and Annes marriage

Cranmer validates Henry and Annes marriage

Edward succeeds Henry VIII as King of England at the age of nine.

Mary becomes heir presumptive after Edward VI under Henry VIII's settlement

The will takes effect after Henry VIII dies, leaving the Crown to Edward VI under a regency council.

Edict of Orleans suspends persecution of Huguenots pending wider settlement

Persecution of French Huguenots is suspended by the Edict of Orleans

The Edict of Orleans eases pressure on French Huguenots

Royal policy temporarily suspends persecution of Huguenots

Warsaw Confederation is incorporated into the Henrician Articles & becomes the Pacta Conventa

Considered the formal beginning of religious freedom in Poland, makes the Polishn Commonwealth more tolerant

Considered the formal beginning of religious freedom in Poland, makes the Polishn Commonwealth more tolerant

Considered the formal beginning of religious freedom in Poland, makes the Polishn Commonwealth more tolerant

Considered the formal beginning of religious freedom in Poland, makes the Polishn Commonwealth more tolerant

Considered the formal beginning of religious freedom in Poland, makes the Polishn Commonwealth more tolerant

Warsaw Confederation is incorporated into the Henrician Articles & becomes the Pacta Conventa. Considered the formal beginning of religious freedom in Poland, makes the Polishn Commonwealth more tolerant

Krasinski is the only Bishop to sign the Confederation of Warsaw

Considered the formal beginning of religious freedom in Poland, makes the Polishn Commonwealth more tolerant

Considered the formal beginning of religious freedom in Poland, makes the Polishn Commonwealth more tolerant

Warsaw Confederation is incorporated into the Henrician Articles & becomes the Pacta Conventa

Warsaw Confederation is incorporated into the Henrician Articles & becomes the Pacta Conventa

Lund University is ceremonially inaugurated on the King's name day.

Lund University is ceremonially inaugurated on the King's name day.

The Commons resolved that James had abdicated and that the throne was vacant.

Saint-Just proposed that Convention deputies directly supervise military operations or receive reports without executive intermediaries.

Abdicates after political opposition demands an end to his government.

Encounters the Great Ice Barrier, later known as the Ross Ice Shelf, while exploring the Ross Sea

Appointed President of Venezuela

Publishes a Tribune article assessing the outgoing administration and prospects for a coalition ministry.

Workers complete the railway linking the Atlantic and Pacific sides of the isthmus.

The first through train operates between Colon and Panama City.

Forced to resign

His forces block the British advance into the Transvaal.

British forces suffer a serious reverse while attempting to enter Transvaal.

Directs Boer resistance to Colley's attack at Laing's Nek.

Leads an unsuccessful assault on Boer positions at Laing's Nek.

The Southern Cross returned to Cape Adare from Australia

Hardham rides back under heavy fire to rescue a wounded soldier and later becomes the first New Zealand-born recipient of the Victoria Cross.

Death of Eloy Alfaro Delgado, assassinated

War Council discussion records Fisher's special cruisers and other vessels intended for a future Baltic operation.

Fisher discusses the proposed Dardanelles operation with Asquith and Churchill before the War Council meeting.

Fisher returns to the War Council and remains in office after the naval attack on the Dardanelles is approved.

Kitchener persuades Fisher that he should remain First Sea Lord despite being the principal dissenter over the operation.

Asquith's War Council approves a naval operation intended to force the Dardanelles.

Fisher leaves the War Council table and tells Kitchener he intends to resign over the Dardanelles decision.

The British capture Ancre

British operations continue on the Ancre front after the winter pause following the 1916 Somme battle.

Trotsky denounces the German Peace Terms as unacceptable and walks out of the peace negotiations at Brest- Litovsk

Saavedra begins his constitutional presidency after the Republican movement takes power.

The trooping of the SA colours takes plac attended by 60,000 storm troopers

A mausoleum is constructed in Red Square where Lenins embalmed body lies in public

Forms the first Wafd government after a decisive parliamentary election victory.

Begins the Christopher Hornsrud Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.

The Ivar Lykke Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.

Resignation of Jose Primo de Rivera

Deposed, Republicans win landslides in municipal elections

Deposed, Republicans win landslides in municipal elections

Resigns from the shadow Cabinet over Baldwins support for Indian self-Government

Japanese and Chinese forces begin major fighting in Shanghai during the January 28 Incident.

Orders the public execution of 33 Polish partisans

Churchill informs Roosevelt that he has advised the Polish Government to examine the Curzon Line as part of a wider territorial settlement.

The Germans fall back to the River Luga

Sends Churchill final travel arrangements for moving from the Malta talks to the Crimea conference.

Attends the opening of Xiluo Bridge, a major infrastructure project completed with substantial American assistance.

The USA adopts the policy of supporting Chiang Kai-sheks regime in Taiwan. Obtains authority from the House of Representitives & Congress to support Taiwan

A Sino-Burmese Treaty is signed

Kennedy directs continuation of propaganda, political action, sabotage, infiltration and overflight activities while military review proceeds.

Bowles argues that the operation threatens United States diplomatic credibility.

Kennedy is briefed on a plan, code-named Operation Pluto, for a ship-borne invasion force to land near Trinidad, Cuba.

McNamara examines the military assumptions behind the proposed exile invasion.

Kennedy is briefed on Operation Pluto, an invasion plan proposing a landing near Trinidad, Cuba.

Announces plans for a corps of volunteers to improve conditions in undeveloped nations

Schlesinger warns that United States responsibility for an invasion would become evident.

Bowles raises objections to the invasion plan within the State Department.

Kennedy reviews a proposed landing near Trinidad at the Escambray Mountains.

Kennedy reviews the proposed landing near Trinidad and the Escambray Mountains.

McNamara receives a briefing on the proposed Trinidad invasion plan.

Rusk participates in the new administration review of the Trinidad landing proposal.

Rusk receives a briefing on the proposed Trinidad landing.

Schlesinger warns that the invasion could seriously damage United States credibility.

Answers parliamentary questions on public information about smoking and lung cancer during his final year as Minister of Health.

Johnson urged Congress to establish clearer constitutional procedures for presidential disability and for filling a vacancy in the vice presidency.

Israeli fighter jets attack the suburbs of Cairo

The Third Cernik Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Begins the First Strougal Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Performs with Band of Gypsys at Madison Square Garden

A truce goes into effect

A truce goes into effect

Senghor wins re-election as President

Addresses Commons questions concerning orders for Royal Navy frigates.

Records with USA for Africa on We Are the World, the famine relief charity single.

Sings on Seventh Star, originally planned as a Tony Iommi solo project.

Addresses the Commons on environmental damage and oil pollution arising from the Gulf conflict.

First post-Soviet constitution confirms the presidential system

The Israeli Supreme Court unanimously upholds the deportations of 400 Palestinians from the occupied territories to Lebanon

Appointed Chancellor of Austria

Appointed Minister of Defence

Tokayev leaves the prime ministership

Appointed Prime Minister of Estonia

Imangali Tasmagambetov becomes Prime Minister

Elections in Israel give wide margin (40 seats) to right wing Likud party, returning PM Ariel Sharon for another term

The Likuud Party wins 38 of the 120 seats, the most of all the parties

Ali Ahmad Jalali is appointed Minister of Interior in the Transitional Administration.

The enquiry by judge Lord Hutton into Kellys death exonerates Blairs Government of deliberately distorting intelligence to justify war

Sinn Fein endorses a plan to support the police in Northern Ireland, over 15 yrs, the composition of the force will change to reflect the population of the province, clears the path to a power-sharing Government between Catholic and Protestants

Sinn Fein endorses a plan to support the police in Northern Ireland, over 15 yrs, the composition of the force will change to reflect the population of the province, clears the path to a power-sharing Government between Catholic and Protestants

Kennedy gave an endorsement to Obama despite appeals by both Clintons not to do so

Endorses Barack Obama for the Democratic presidential nomination

Bush delivers his last State of the Union address

Rejects the Trump administration peace plan as unacceptable to Palestinian national claims.

Mali announces with Burkina Faso and Niger that it will withdraw from ECOWAS.

Henry VII is born at Pembroke Castle, the son of Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beaufort.

Birth of Catherine of Aragon, daughter of Ferdinand II & Isabella of Spain

Birth of John Baskerville, later a leading Birmingham printer and type designer.

Charles Marie de La Condamine is born in Paris.

Birth of Thomas Paine

Birth of George Hamilton-Gordon, member of the Aberdeenshire family of Gordon

Birth of Charles George Hamilton Gordon, son of a Lieutenant General

Birth of Henry Morton Stanley

Birth of Jose Perez

Birth of Sidonie Gabrielle Claudine Colette

Birth of Auguste Piccard

Birth of Jose Linhares

Birth of Arthur Rubenstein

Birth of Frank Launder

Birth of Nicolas Paul Stephane Sarkozy de Nagy-Bocsa

Dies after a short reign and is succeeded by Trajan.

Death of Charlamagne I the Great

Death of Henry VIII, Elizabeth hears the news at Enfield

Henry VIIs will is stamped under the supervision of Somerset, Paget, Herbert & Denny

Death of Henry VIII at Whitehall Palace.

Henry VIIs will is stamped under the supervision of Somerset, Paget, Herbert & Denny

Henry VIIs will is stamped under the supervision of Somerset, Paget, Herbert & Denny. Drafts a clause giving the Regency Council "full power & authority"

Henry VIII dies and Edward VI succeeds before Mary

Dies of dysentery on board his ship

Death of Peter I the Great, his widow continues to reign as Catherine I

Death of Johannes, Count van den Bosch

Death of Frederick John Robinson

Death of Eloy Alfaro Delgado, assassinated

Death of Christa McAuliffe, on Challenger when it explodes 74 seconds after lift-off

The enquiry by judge Lord Hutton into Kellys death exonerates Blairs Government of deliberately distorting intelligence to justify war

Tej Singh's Sikh forces face the British-led army at Aliwal during the First Sikh War.

Fails to break through Boer positions at Laings Nek.

Joubert leads a Boer force which inflicts serious losses under a force led by Colley

Defeats Colley's attempt to enter the Transvaal.

Churchill argues for just a naval attack at the War Council

250 are killed near Najaf as American and Iraqi troops fight with a Shiite militia, an American helicopter is shot down in the battle

As many as 250 are killed near Najaf as American and Iraqi troops fight with a Shiite militia, an American helicopter is shot down in the battle