June 19 in History

After being in session for an entire month, the council promulgates the original Nicene Creed adopted by all the bishops except two from Libya who had been closely associated with Arius

This record states: Arguing that such a doctrine best codified the Scriptural presentation of the Son as well as traditional Christian belief about him handed down from the Apostles expressed by the bishops in the Creed of Nicaea.

This record states: Nicene Christianity does not become the state religion of the Roman Empire until the Edict of Thessalonika in 380.

This record states: The Council declares that the Son was true God, co-eternal with the Father and begotten from His same substance.

This record states: Which would form the basis of what has since been known as the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed.

After being in session for an entire month, the council promulgates the original Nicene Creed adopted by all the bishops except two from Libya who had been closely associated with Arius

The Council declares that the Son was true God co-eternal with the Father and begotten from His same substance

arguing that such a doctrine best codified the Scriptural presentation of the Son as well as traditional Christian belief about him handed down from the Apostles expressed by the bishops in the Creed of Nicaea

which would form the basis of what has since been known as the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed.

The Council declares that the Son was true God, co-eternal with the Father and begotten from His same substance, arguing that such a doctrine best codified the Scriptural presentation of the Son as well as traditional Christian belief about him handed down from the Apostles expressed by the bishops in the Creed of Nicaea, which would form the basis of what has since been known as the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed

The Magna Carta confirms the rights of the Church & Barons. 25 barons are appointed to oversee the working of the Magna Carta

The Magna Carta standardises weights & measures. The Magna Carta confirms the rights of the Church & Barons. 25 barons are appointed to oversee the working of the Magna Carta

The Magna Carta standardises weights & measures

Receives homage from Edward Balliol for claims in Scotland

Agrees to pay homage to Edward III

Edward Balliol agrees to pay Edward III homage

Henry VIII and Charles V confirm their anti-French alliance in the Treaty of Windsor.

The Treaty of Windsor postpones major joint action while keeping the Great Enterprise alive.

Mary is betrothed to Emperor Charles V as part of Tudor Habsburg diplomacy

Signs a Treaty with Emperor Charles V. Confirms the anti-French alliance but postponing action until 1524

Accused of treason in the House of Lords

Accused of treason in the House of Lords

The Forty-Two Articles are promulgated as a Protestant doctrinal statement shortly before Edward's death.

The Covenanters occupy Aberdeen

The Covenanters occupy Aberdeen

Montrose expels the Covenentors from Aberdeen

The firing begins on June 19, and on June 30 the town is stormed, the Irish army retreating towards Galway

Returns to the Privy Council, marking a major stage in his rehabilitation under William III.

Created Baron Rodney of Rodney Stoke, Somerset, by patent, and the House of Commons vote him a pension of 2000 pounds a year

Louis XVI's monarchy lost the legal framework of hereditary nobility titles when the Assembly abolished them.

Forced to witness the National Assembly abolish the nobility

Forced to witness the National Assembly abolish the nobility.

Forced to witness the National Assembly abolish the nobility

Beauharnais became president of the National Assembly during the crisis created by the royal flight.

Vetos the law to dissolve the King's Guard

Vetos the law to dissolve the King's Guard.

Nelson and Charles Stuart land and move guns ashore to occupy heights near Calvi.

Nelson & Lieutenant General Charles Stuart carry out a landing and immediately begin moving guns ashore to occupy the heights surrounding the town

Sieyes became president of the Directory while working toward a constitutional transformation of the unstable regime.

After defeat at the Battle of Friedland Czar Alexander sent an envoy to seek an armistice with the French

Captures Tilsit after which the Russians agree to a truce

The loss of their Romanian allies, followed by an Ottoman intervention on Wallachian soil, sealed defeat for the Greek exiles and culminated in the disastrous Battle of Dragashani and the destruction of the Sacred Band on 19 June

Legislates for the foundation of the Metropolitan Police Force

Silistra falls to the Russians

Silistra falls to the Russians

Marx marries Jenny von Westphalen after a lengthy engagement.

Appointed Commander of the Army of the Elbe

Beyer occupies Kassel and blocks the Hanoverians from joining southern federal forces.

The First Jules Malou Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as head of the Belgian government.

Begins the Second Frere-Orban Government in Brussels and serves as head of the Belgian government.

Regarded as a temporary leader until the return of Lord Rosebery. Appointed Party Leader of the Liberal Party

Appointed Technical Expert, third class, at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern.

Gives evidence to the British inquiry about Titanic's design, lifeboat arrangements and shipbuilding practice.

Heads the government when the Natives Land Act becomes law.

The act severely restricts African land ownership and tenancy.

Learns Asquith witheld documents in the Dardanelles enquiry which would clear him

Refuses release of documents connected with the Dardanelles inquiry.

Signs the Amasia Protocol resisting the Allies plans for Turkey

Refuses to sign the Treaty of Versailles

Marxs 4th cabinet leaves office

Dolfuss bans the Nazi Party in Austria

Ataturk is visited by the King of Romania, Carol

Becomes the first and only manager to win two FIFA World Cups.

Scores seven times for Brazil to finish as the leading marksman in France.

Scores twice as Italy defeat Hungary 4-2 in the World Cup final.

Captains Italy to a second consecutive World Cup title.

Scores two goals in Italy's 4-2 final victory over Hungary.

Germany presents armistice terms to France

Germany presents armistice terms to France

Rommels 7th Panzer Div captures Cherbourg

Rommels 7th Panzer Div captures Cherbourg

Rommels 7th Panzer Div enters Cherbourg

Leaves Norway after leading the campaign that retook Narvik.

Rommels 7th Panzer Div enters Cherbourg

Becomes a naturalized US citizen

Ozawa loses fleet carriers Taiho and Shokaku to American submarines during the first day of the Philippine Sea battle.

Launches an attack on Cherbourg

Formally elected to his 2nd term as President

Ushijima sends a farewell message and orders remaining Japanese troops to continue resistance as the battle approaches its end.

Formally elected to his 2nd term as President

Appointed Prime Minister of France, 1st term

The Party Presidium votes to dismiss, but only the Central Committee can do this

Scores against Wales to become the youngest goalscorer in World Cup history.

Visits South Korea during the Far East tour and meets leaders and American personnel.

Oswald met Peter Gregory on June 19, 1962, demonstrated his ability to read Russian, and obtained a letter supporting his language skills.

Ben Bella is overthrown in a bloodless coup by the Commander of the armed forces

Thieu becomes chief of state as South Vietnam's military leaders form a new ruling structure

The National Leadership Committee under Thieu appoints Nguyen Cao Ky as premier

Ky begins governing as premier after South Vietnam's military leadership restructures power

Ky takes power as prime minister while Nguyen Van Thieu serves as chief of state

The military leadership appoints Ky to the premiership under the new South Vietnamese government

Thieu becomes chief of state in the new South Vietnamese military government

Thieu becomes head of state while Ky takes the stronger executive premiership

Thieu heads the National Leadership Committee after South Vietnam's generals reorganise the government

Thieu's military leadership group appoints Ky as premier of South Vietnam

Ky is appointed prime minister of South Vietnam by the military leadership

Appointed Prime Minister of South Vietnam under the military government

Ky becomes prime minister as South Vietnam seeks stability after repeated coups

Ky begins a premiership intended to end the cycle of coups in Saigon

Ky is appointed prime minister of South Vietnam

Ky is premier of South Vietnam, not vice president, during 1965

The National Leadership Committee appoints Ky as premier of South Vietnam

The findings of the Boundary Commission are published

Healey leaves the Defence Ministry after Labour loses the general election.

Is appointed Prime Minister after the Conservative victory over Labour.

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 47th Prime Minister of Great Britain. Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain

Keeps Britain outside direct military participation in Vietnam after taking office

In fact, an elaborate cover-up was already under way. The charge that would stem from the cover-up, "obstruction of justice," would eventually bring Nixon down

Official reaction was swift. From the White House, Nixon's Press Secretary, Ron Zeigler, dismissed the incident as some sort of petty thievery attempt. John Mitchell, the head of CREEP, denied that the organization had any connection to the event.

The Washington Post reported, "One of the five men arrested early Saturday in the attempt to bug the Democratic National Committee headquarters is the salaried security coordinator for President Nixon's re-election committee." Shortly thereafter, it was revealed that a search

These public denials were lies.

the burglars had keys, and that inside one of them were address books that listed Howard Hunt's name or initials, and included the hand-written notation, "WH," for White House.

warrant had been executed for the hotel rooms for which

In fact, an elaborate cover-up was already under way. The charge that would stem from the cover-up, "obstruction of justice," would eventually bring Nixon down

Official reaction was swift. From the White House, Nixon's Press Secretary, Ron Zeigler, dismissed the incident as some sort of petty thievery attempt. John Mitchell, the head of CREEP, denied that the organization had any connection to the event.

The Washington Post reported, "One of the five men arrested early Saturday in the attempt to bug the Democratic National Committee headquarters is the salaried security coordinator for President Nixon's re-election committee." Shortly thereafter, it was revealed that a search

These public denials were lies.

the burglars had keys, and that inside one of them were address books that listed Howard Hunt's name or initials, and included the hand-written notation, "WH," for White House.

warrant had been executed for the hotel rooms for which

In fact, an elaborate cover-up was already under way. The charge that would stem from the cover-up, "obstruction of justice," would eventually bring Nixon down

Official reaction was swift. From the White House, Nixon's Press Secretary, Ron Zeigler, dismissed the incident as some sort of petty thievery attempt. John Mitchell, the head of CREEP, denied that the organization had any connection to the event.

The Washington Post reported, "One of the five men arrested early Saturday in the attempt to bug the Democratic National Committee headquarters is the salaried security coordinator for President Nixon's re-election committee." Shortly thereafter, it was revealed that a search

These public denials were lies.

the burglars had keys, and that inside one of them were address books that listed Howard Hunt's name or initials, and included the hand-written notation, "WH," for White House.

warrant had been executed for the hotel rooms for which

In fact, an elaborate cover-up was already under way. The charge that would stem from the cover-up, "obstruction of justice," would eventually bring Nixon down

Official reaction was swift. From the White House, Nixon's Press Secretary, Ron Zeigler, dismissed the incident as some sort of petty thievery attempt. John Mitchell, the head of CREEP, denied that the organization had any connection to the event.

The Washington Post reported, "One of the five men arrested early Saturday in the attempt to bug the Democratic National Committee headquarters is the salaried security coordinator for President Nixon's re-election committee." Shortly thereafter, it was revealed that a search

These public denials were lies.

the burglars had keys, and that inside one of them were address books that listed Howard Hunt's name or initials, and included the hand-written notation, "WH," for White House.

warrant had been executed for the hotel rooms for which

In fact, an elaborate cover-up was already under way. The charge that would stem from the cover-up, "obstruction of justice," would eventually bring Nixon down

Official reaction was swift. From the White House, Nixon's Press Secretary, Ron Zeigler, dismissed the incident as some sort of petty thievery attempt. John Mitchell, the head of CREEP, denied that the organization had any connection to the event.

The Washington Post reported, "One of the five men arrested early Saturday in the attempt to bug the Democratic National Committee headquarters is the salaried security coordinator for President Nixon's re-election committee." Shortly thereafter, it was revealed that a search

These public denials were lies.

the burglars had keys, and that inside one of them were address books that listed Howard Hunt's name or initials, and included the hand-written notation, "WH," for White House.

warrant had been executed for the hotel rooms for which

In fact, an elaborate cover-up was already under way. The charge that would stem from the cover-up, "obstruction of justice," would eventually bring Nixon down

Official reaction was swift. From the White House, Nixon's Press Secretary, Ron Zeigler, dismissed the incident as some sort of petty thievery attempt. John Mitchell, the head of CREEP, denied that the organization had any connection to the event.

The Washington Post reported, "One of the five men arrested early Saturday in the attempt to bug the Democratic National Committee headquarters is the salaried security coordinator for President Nixon's re-election committee." Shortly thereafter, it was revealed that a search

These public denials were lies.

the burglars had keys, and that inside one of them were address books that listed Howard Hunt's name or initials, and included the hand-written notation, "WH," for White House.

warrant had been executed for the hotel rooms for which

A GOP security aide is among the Watergate burglars, The Washington Post reports. Former attorney general John Mitchell, head of the Nixon reelection campaign, denies any link to the operation

Denies that Nixon's reelection organization has any connection to the Watergate burglary after reporting links James McCord to the campaign.

Reports with colleagues on James McCord's connection to Nixon's reelection organization, helping establish a political link to the burglary.

Publicly characterizes the Watergate burglary as a third-rate burglary attempt while the political connections of the arrested men are beginning to emerge.

Addresses a public meeting on Labour's proposed renegotiation of Britain's EEC membership.

Marries Fraulein Silvia Renate Sommerlath

Traore is confirmed as president under the new constitutional political system.

Under Satish Dhawan, APPLE is launched as India's experimental geostationary communication satellite.

Supports Ireland's participation in the Stuttgart declaration on closer European cooperation.

Supports Greece's participation in the Stuttgart declaration on closer European cooperation.

Supports adoption of the Stuttgart declaration strengthening political cooperation.

Supports adoption of the Solemn Declaration on European Union at the Stuttgart European Council.

Mitterrand backed the Stuttgart declaration calling for stronger political cooperation and progress toward European Union.

Represents Ireland as leaders adopt the Solemn Declaration on European Union.

Hosts the European Council as leaders adopt the Solemn Declaration on European Union.

Heads the German government when the five original Schengen states sign the convention implementing border-free travel arrangements.

Dumas endorses the 1990 Convention defining common rules on borders, visas and cooperation between authorities. The French approach stresses both free movement and compensating security measures.

Eyskens endorses the detailed Convention governing visas, frontiers and cooperation between national authorities. Belgian officials favour gradual implementation backed by shared security measures.

Genscher backs the detailed 1990 Convention regulating visas, frontiers and cooperation between national authorities. The German approach combines mobility with coordinated frontier safeguards.

In Netherlands, Hirsch Ballin backs the security and external-border measures needed to accompany freer movement inside Schengen. Dutch policy stresses coordinated justice, policing and migration procedures.

In France, Joxe backs stronger external-frontier controls and security cooperation to offset removal of internal checks. French policy couples freer movement with stronger police coordination.

During the Schengen process, Kohl leads Germany when the implementing Convention establishes detailed rules for a border-free Schengen area. German officials emphasise reliable information-sharing between national authorities.

During the Schengen process, Lubbers leads Netherlands when the implementing Convention establishes detailed rules for a border-free Schengen area. Dutch officials favour shared information systems alongside open internal borders.

Leads Belgium when the five founding states sign the Convention implementing the 1985 Schengen Agreement.

During the Schengen process, Rocard leads France when the implementing Convention establishes detailed rules for a border-free Schengen area. French officials link border removal with operational law-enforcement cooperation.

In Germany, Schauble supports stronger common external-border and security arrangements accompanying free internal movement. German policy links open internal borders with stronger external controls.

In Belgium, Tobback supports stronger external-border and policing safeguards accompanying freer internal movement. Belgian policy links freer movement with close Benelux cooperation.

van den Broek endorses the Convention's detailed rules for visas, frontier management and cross-border cooperation. The Dutch approach combines mobility with common security safeguards.

During the Schengen process, Wathelet supports the legal framework established by the Schengen Implementing Convention. The Belgian approach combines mobility with common visa and policing rules.

Addresses the Canadian Parliament and presents Russia's transition from Soviet rule toward democratic government.

Provides the cross from which Marc Degryse scores Belgium's winning goal against Morocco.

Scores the only goal as Belgium defeat Morocco in their opening World Cup match.

Spencer leads Hubble observations of an enormous volcanic plume rising hundreds of kilometres above Jupiter's moon Io.

Blair decides to save the Millenium Dome

Appointed Party Leader of the Conservative Party

Sees Greece's convergence programme accepted as sufficient for euro adoption from January 2001.

Represents Greece as the Council confirms that the country meets the conditions to adopt the euro.

Hosts the European Council that strengthens the Union's commitment to the Western Balkans.

Chief prosecutor Jaafar al-Mussawi delivers the final arguments for the prosecution, calling for Saddam Hussein, his half-brother Barzan al-Tikriti & former Vice President, Taha Yassin Ramadan, to be sentenced to death

Chief prosecutor Jaafar al-Mussawi delivers the final arguments for the prosecution, calling for Saddam Hussein, his half-brother Barzan al-Tikriti & former Vice President, Taha Yassin Ramadan, to be sentenced to death

Sall leaves the prime ministership and later breaks with Wade

Cheikh Hadjibou Soumare becomes Prime Minister

The EU agrees to lift its 2003 diplomatic sanctions against Cuba, but imposes tough conditions on the communist island to maintain sanction-free relations

The EU agrees to lift its 2003 diplomatic sanctions against Cuba, but imposes tough conditions on the communist island to maintain sanction-free relations

The EU agrees to lift its 2003 diplomatic sanctions against Cuba, but imposes tough conditions on the communist island to maintain sanction-free relations

The EU agrees to lift its 2003 diplomatic sanctions against Cuba, but imposes tough conditions on the communist island to maintain sanction-free relations

An Egyptian-brokered pause in hostilities between Israel and Hamas, consisting of a six-month lull, translating the Arabic term Tahdia, goes into effect for the Gaza area, neither side respect it. An agreement requires Hamas to end rocket attacks upon Israel in exchange for an end of the blockade and for commerce in Gaza to be restored to the level preceding Israels withdrawal in 2005 and Hamass electoral victory

An Egyptian-brokered pause in hostilities between Israel and Hamas, consisting of a six-month lull, translating the Arabic term Tahdia, goes into effect for the Gaza area, neither side respect it. An agreement requires Hamas to end rocket attacks upon Israel in exchange for an end of the blockade and for commerce in Gaza to be restored to the level preceding Israels withdrawal in 2005 and Hamass electoral victory

Helps secure UK ratification of the Lisbon Treaty.

The EU agrees to lift its 2003 diplomatic sanctions against Cuba, but imposes tough conditions on the communist island to maintain sanction-free relations

The EU agrees to lift its 2003 diplomatic sanctions against Cuba, but imposes tough conditions on the communist island to maintain sanction-free relations

Secures European Council guarantees intended to clarify Ireland's position before a second Lisbon referendum.

Supports the legal and political assurances designed to address concerns raised in the first referendum.

The Supreme Court disqualifies Gillani after his contempt conviction.

Introduces a private member's bill for an EU referendum.

Meets NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen ahead of the alliance summit in Wales.

Formal Brexit negotiations begin with the European Union.

Starmer commits Labour to pursuing clean electricity and domestic energy investment.

Begins a new term after re-election by Parliament.

Signs a mutual defense treaty with Vladimir Putin.

Visits North Korea and signs a strategic partnership with Kim Jong Un

Signs a strategic partnership with Vladimir Putin during the war

Takes the presidential oath at the Union Buildings.

Burnham ceases to be Mayor after his election to the House of Commons.

Birth of James IV, the Mons Meg is fired in salute

Birth of James VI, son of Mary Queen of Scots & Lord Darnley, Edinburgh Castle. Birth of James VI, son of Mary Queen of Scots, in Edinburgh Castle

Birth of James Hamilton, son of James, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton

Blaise Pascal is born in Clermont-Ferrand to Etienne Pascal and Antoinette Begon.

Birth of Douglas Haig

Birth of Wallis Simpson

Prince Edmund dies in infancy, reducing the number of surviving male children in the Tudor royal family.

Death of Edmund Tudor

Death of John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton

Death of Bolivar Buckner at the Battle of Okinawa while inspecting the Eighth Marines

Death of Stefan Mazurkiewicz

The Turks surrender

Robert Is Army is defeated by the Earl of Pembroke. Edward I defeats Bruce at the Battle of Methven, executes many of his supporters and forces the Scottish king into becoming a hunted outlaw

Routes the Army of Robert Bruce

Captured by the English at the Battle of Methven

Defeated in battle at Patay by Joans army forcing the English out of the Loire Valley

Joan of Arc leads the victorious French, with English prisoners, back to Orleans

Defeated in battle at Patay by Joans army forcing the English out of the Loire Valley

The Covenanters occupy Aberdeen

The Covenanters occupy Aberdeen

Montrose expels the Covenentors from Aberdeen

The Battle of Aberdeen is fought between Royalist & Covenanter forces

The Winner of the Battle of Kozludji against the Turks near Shumla

After defeat at the Battle of Friedland Czar Alexander sent an envoy to seek an armistice with the French

The loss of their Romanian allies, followed by an Ottoman intervention on Wallachian soil, sealed defeat for the Greek exiles and culminated in the disastrous Battle of Dragashani and the destruction of the Sacred Band on 19 June

Sacred Band is destroyed during the defeat at Dragashani

Defeats forces defending Algiers during the French invasion.

Defeats Bulgarian forces in Macedonia.

Bulgarian forces lose ground to Greece.

Ozawa commits the Mobile Fleet's carrier aircraft against the American Fifth Fleet in the Battle of the Philippine Sea.

Killed while inspecting the Eighth Marines