November 8 in History

Louis mother, Queen Blanche of Castille, becomes Regent

By the time of his death Louis had recaptured Saintonge & La Rochelle

By the time of his death Louis had recaptured Saintonge & La Rochelle

By the time of his death Louis had recaptured Saintonge & La Rochelle

Succeeds as King of France, age 11, the Kingdom is ruled by Blance of Castille

Elected Member of Parliament for Bedford

Enter the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan, later Mexico City

Enter the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan, later Mexico City

Christian II earns the name, "Christian the Tyrant". 80 Swedish noble are executed after a show trial by Christian II

80 Swedish noble are executed after a show trial by Christian II

80 Swedish noble are executed after a show trial by Christian II

80 Swedish noble are executed after a show trial by Christian II

The "Pacification of Ghent" is signed between the north & south of The Netherlands

Death of Robert Catesby, shot by a single bullet

Death of Robert Catesby, shot by a single bullet. Catesby is killed in a siege within a few days of the failed attempt Gunpowder Plot

Their flight ended on the border of Staffordshire, at Holbeche House, besieged early on 8 November by the pursuing Sheriff of Worcester and his men. Percy was reportedly killed by the same musketball as Catesby, his body was later exhumed, and his head exhibited outside Parliament

Richard Walsh, Sheriff of Worcester, and his company of 200 men besieged the Holbeche House. In the ensuing firefight Percy was reportedly killed by the same musketball as Catesby, fired by a John Streete of Worcester

Richard Walsh, Sheriff of Worcester, and his company of 200 men besieged the Holbeche House. In the ensuing firefight Percy was reportedly killed by the same musketball as Catesby, fired by a John Streete of Worcester

Francis Tresham falls sick & dies while in prison

Richard Walsh, Sheriff of Worcester, and his company of 200 men besieged the Holbeche House. In the ensuing firefight Percy was reportedly killed by the same musketball as Catesby, fired by a John Streete of Worcester

The Catholic Leagues army pacified Upper Austria, while Imperial forces under Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly, pacified Lower Austria, the two armies united and moved north into Bohemia where Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, on 8 November 1620 and in addition to becoming Catholic, Bohemia would remain in Habsburg hands for nearly three hundred years

The Catholic Leagues army pacified Upper Austria, while Imperial forces under Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly, pacified Lower Austria, the two armies united and moved north into Bohemia where Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, on 8 November 1620 and in addition to becoming Catholic, Bohemia would remain in Habsburg hands for nearly three hundred years

Fights alongside the Catholic League & Spain against the Protestants

Overthrows Frederick V to regain the throne & drive Protestantism out of Bohemia

This record states: Defeat at the Battle of White Mountain leeds to the dissolution of the League of Evangelical Union and the loss of Frederick Vs holdings, Frederick is outlawed from the Holy Roman Empire, and his territories.

This record states: the Rhenish Palatinate, are given to Catholic nobles, his title of elector of the Palatinate is given to his distant cousin, Duke Maximilian of Bavaria and Frederick, now landless, makes himself a prominent exile abroad and.

This record states: tries to curry support for his cause in Sweden, The Netherlands and Denmark.

This record states: Defeat at the Battle of White Mountain leeds to the dissolution of the League of Evangelical Union and the loss of Frederick Vs holdings, Frederick is outlawed from the Holy Roman Empire, and his territories.

This record states: the Rhenish Palatinate, are given to Catholic nobles, his title of elector of the Palatinate is given to his distant cousin, Duke Maximilian of Bavaria and Frederick, now landless, makes himself a prominent exile abroad and.

This record states: tries to curry support for his cause in Sweden, The Netherlands and Denmark.

Restores Protestantism in Bohemia after victory at the Battle of Main

The Catholic Leagues army pacified Upper Austria, while Imperial forces under Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly, pacified Lower Austria, the two armies united and moved north into Bohemia where Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, on 8 November 1620 and in addition to becoming Catholic, Bohemia would remain in Habsburg hands for nearly three hundred years

Ferdinand II decisively defeats Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, in addition to becoming Catholic, Bohemia would remain in Habsburg hands for nearly three hundred years

Pym demands guarantees that forces raised for Ireland cannot be used against Parliament.

Pym formally introduces the lengthy catalogue of grievances against royal government.

Hampden supports parliamentary oversight of troops intended for Ireland.

Holles backs parliamentary influence over commanders chosen for the Irish campaign.

Pym argues that the King should appoint counsellors trusted by Parliament.

Cromwell supports ending the open Army Council debates after the Agitators' demands threaten discipline and expose deep division between radical soldiers and senior officers

Fairfax's authority is used as the Army Council meetings are suspended, leaving the Agreement of the People unadopted as the Army's official constitutional programme

Fairfax's authority is used as the Army Council meetings are suspended and the Agitators are ordered back to their regiments, limiting the Leveller challenge to the officer leadership

Fairfax's authority is used by the Grandees to suspend the Army Council meetings and send Agitators back to their regiments, ending the open phase of the Putney Debates

Cromwell backs suspension of the Army Council meetings because the Grandees fear that continued debate over the King and the Agreement will damage military discipline

Fairfax's authority is used as the Army leadership orders Agitators and representative officers back to their regiments, bringing the debates to a temporary close

Ireton's moderate constitutional line prevails over the Leveller demand for the Agreement to become the Army's official settlement programme

Sexby and the Agitators fail to secure adoption of the Leveller Agreement, but the debates leave a lasting record of soldiers demanding political consent

Wildman's radical constitutional programme is not adopted at Putney, and the result is a modified officer-led approach rather than immediate popular sovereignty

Leopold concludes the alliance treaty with Victor Amadeus.

Charles, with an escort of Lochiels Camerons and the Hussars, enters England

Charles persuaded his generals that English Jacobites would stage an uprising in support of his cause. He was convinced that France would launch an invasion of England as well. His army of around 5,000 invaded England on 8 November 1745. They advanced through Carlisle and Manchester to Derby and a position where they appeared to threaten London

Receives compensation while abandoning demands concerning Maastricht and the Scheldt.

Under the Treaty of Fountainbleus abandons his claim to Maastricht

Under the Treaty of Fountainbleau Holland recognizes Joseph s rule over the Scheldt

Receives 10 million guilders in compensation. Holland recognizes Joseph IIs sovereignty over part of the River Scheldt. Abandons his claim to Maastricht & free navigation of Sheldte outside his dominions

Accepts a settlement ending his territorial claim to Maastricht.

Returns to acting executive authority as the civil conflict intensifies.

Succeeds his father Francis I as King of the Two Sicilies.

Publishes an article on communal reform and the political position of the Kolnische Zeitung.

Publishes an article criticizing weaknesses in the liberal opposition in Hanover.

Shots are exchanged between Austrian & Prussian soldiers, the 1st since 1778

Shots are exchanged between Austrian & Prussian soldiers, the 1st since 1778

Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France

Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France

Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France

Appointed President of the USA, 24th President

Appointed Vice President of the USA

A rebellion breaks out among sailors at Kronstadt.

A rebellion breaks out among the sailors of the Kronstadt fortress

Resigns as Conservative Party leader after mounting internal criticism.

Ends nine years leading the Conservative opposition.

Resigns as Conservative Party leader over Irish Home Rule

Resigns as Conservative Party leader over Irish Home Rule

Accepts the surrender of Salonika.

Surrenders Salonika to the Greek army.

An Edward Carson motion concerning Nigerian property creates a government crisis.

A motion by Edward Carson on ownership of property in Nigeria creates a crisis

A motion forwarded by Carson on ownership of property in Nigeria creates a crisis

The Soviets sieze power in Petrograd

Overthrows the Kerensky Government

The Bolshevik land decree abolishes private landed property and transfers land to peasant use

Proposes just & democratic peace without annexations, indemnities & self-determination

Helps persuade the Kaiser to abdicate

Eisners Cabinet has 3 minority Socialists & 3 Majority Social Democrats. Appointed Prime Minister of Bavaria & responsible for foreign affairs

The Beer Hall Putsch begins in Munich.

Severely wounded after the police open fire, wounds which effect his future health

Hitler's armed supporters seize his meeting and coerce Kahr, Otto von Lossow and Hans von Seisser into declaring support for the putsch.

Siezes Bavarian Government ministers & holds them under arrest

Addresses a major political meeting at the Bürgerbräukeller shortly before Hitler interrupts the gathering and launches the Beer Hall Putsch.

Beer Hall Putsch in Munich

After leaving the Bürgerbräukeller, withdraws the support extracted from him and joins efforts to resist Hitler's attempted coup.

Wins good majorities in the House & the Senate, unprecedented in US history. Wins 22 million votes

A student assassinates Nadir Shah during a school ceremony in Kabul.

Mohammad Zahir Shah succeeds his assassinated father as king of Afghanistan.

Forced back by the Republicans, despite support from XI international Brigade

Hans Frank makes plans to deport 600,000 Jews & 400,000 Poles from Poland

Hans Frank makes plans to deport 600,000 Jews & 400,000 Poles from Poland

A bomb explodes in the Burgerbraukeller killing 8 but Hitler left 20 mins prior

Takes up post as Governor of General

Communist Party of Albania is founded and Hoxha emerges as party leader

Appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party of Albania

Announces, "If they want a war of extermination they shall have one"

Plans the naval landings for British & American forces at Algiers, Oran & Casablance

Allied forces land in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch)

1st day of Operation Torch

Commands the Allied landings in French North Africa, indirectly securing the Mediterranean route to Egypt and the Suez Canal.

Supports Operation Torch, which opens a western front in North Africa and eases pressure on Egypt and Suez.

Jodl evaluates the strategic effect of Allied landings in French North Africa on Axis positions in the Mediterranean.

Mussolini faces a new strategic emergency when Anglo-American forces land in French North Africa during Operation Torch.

The Eighth Army captures the heights on the Sangro, 100 miles east of Rome

Last speech to Nazi party, "we shall go on fighting past 12 oclock"

Chiang orders a ceasefire and tells the United States he is willing to negotiate, but Communist leaders reject the offer

Chiang announces a ceasefire offer as civil war fighting continues

Hunt entered CIA service and began a career in covert operations and political action that continued until his retirement in 1970.

Secures greater autonomy for Cambodia within the French Union

Places a disarmament plan before the United Nations General Assembly, countrered by Russia

Places a disarmament plan before the United Nations General Assembly, countrered by Russia

Vetoes the disarmament proposals forwarded to the United Nations by France, the US & Britain

All the seats are won by the National Unity Party

Appointed Prime Minister of Portugal

Appointed acting President of Brazil after Cafe Filho took medical leave

Co-discovers the bright comet later known as Arend-Roland.

Attacks the Government over the financial and diplomatic consequences of the Suez adventure

Identifies a comet that becomes a prominent naked-eye object in 1957.

Offers to admit refugees fleeing the crushed Hungarian uprising.

Faces a no-confidence debate in the Commons after the military and financial crisis

Survives parliamentary attacks after the Suez ceasefire

Leads parliamentary attacks on Eden's Government during the no-confidence debate

No confidence debate in the Commons

Nasser's government signs the agreement allocating Nile waters and enabling reservoir construction.

Habib Bourguiba won Tunisia's first presidential election under the republican constitution.

Defeats Richard Nixon by 49.9% to 49.6% of the popular vote

Defeats Richard Nixon by 49.9% to 49.6% of the popular vote. Becomes the youngest ever President & the 1st Catholic. Appointed President of the USA, 35th President

Defeated by John F Kennedy in the Presidential elections

Supports the parliamentary campaign that suspends capital punishment for murder.

Signs the Higher Education Act at Southwest Texas State College, expanding federal aid for colleges and students.

Joel treats wounded soldiers under fire during Operation Hump

Abolition of capital punishment

Describes devaluation as an "economic & political catastrophe"

Releases the untitled fourth Led Zeppelin album.

Releases Transformer, produced by David Bowie and Mick Ronson during the glam rock period.

Wins the Govan Glasgow by-election for the Scottish National Party

Wins the Govan Glasgow by-election for the Scottish National Party

Begins a 5 day state visit to Luxembourg

Answers a parliamentary question concerning finance for home ownership.

Arif participates in peace negotiations connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Orders a major increase in US forces deployed to the Gulf.

The FBI raid the New Jersey home of Ali Mohammeds associate El Sayyid Nosair, discovering a great deal of evidence of terrorist plots, including plans to blow up New York City skyscrapers

The FBI raid the New Jersey home of Ali Mohammeds associate El Sayyid Nosair, discovering a great deal of evidence of terrorist plots, including plans to blow up New York City skyscrapers

The FBI raid the New Jersey home of Ali Mohammeds associate El Sayyid Nosair, discovering a great deal of evidence of terrorist plots, including plans to blow up New York City skyscrapers

The FBI raid the New Jersey home of Ali Mohammeds associate El Sayyid Nosair, discovering a great deal of evidence of terrorist plots, including plans to blow up New York City skyscrapers

The FBI raid the New Jersey home of Ali Mohammeds associate El Sayyid Nosair, discovering a great deal of evidence of terrorist plots, including plans to blow up New York City skyscrapers

The buildup creates an offensive capability to liberate Kuwait.

The Republican Party wins majorities in both the Senate & the House of Representitives

Works within the UN as the Rwanda tribunal is established.

Supports establishment of an international tribunal for Rwanda.

The ICTR receives jurisdiction over 1994 genocide crimes.

Israel & the PLO sign agreements to prop up the Palestinian National Authority

The Security Council creates the ICTR by Resolution 955.

Hubble observations produce the first images resolving large-scale surface brightness features on Saturn's moon Titan.

Shevardnadzes party wins Parliamentary elections

Brown combines the pension increase with additional support for older households.

Brown announces a five-pound weekly increase in the basic state pension.

Iraq is given a final opportunity to meet disarmament obligations.

Receives the strengthened inspection mandate created by Resolution 1441.

Pratibha Patil becomes Governor of Rajasthan.

Bush dismisses Rumsfeld after losing the Senate & House of Representives elections

Bush dismisses Rumsfeld after losing the Senate & House of Representives elections

Bhutto is placed under house arrest just a few hours before she was due to lead and address a rally against the state of emergency

Bhutto is placed under house arrest just a few hours before she was due to lead and address a rally against the state of emergency

Arce is inaugurated as President of Bolivia.

Paz is inaugurated as President of Bolivia during a severe economic crisis.

Birth of Nerva at Narnia in Umbria.

Birth of Charles X Gustavus, son of John Casimir & Catherine daughter of Charles X

Birth of Nguyen Khanh

Death of Louis VIII during a crusade against the Albigensian heretics

Death of Christina Sture, executed

Death of Robert Catesby, shot by a single bullet

Dies in Naples and is succeeded by his son Ferdinand II.

Death of August von Mackensen

Overthrows Frederick V to regain the throne & drive Protestantism out of Bohemia. Fights alongside the Catholic League & Spain against the Protestants

Defeat at the Battle of White Mountain leeds to the dissolution of the League of Evangelical Union and the loss of Frederick Vs holdings, Frederick is outlawed from the Holy Roman Empire, and his territories, the Rhenish Palatinate, are given to Catholic nobles, his title

Ferdinand II decisively defeats Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, in addition to becoming Catholic, Bohemia would remain in Habsburg hands for nearly three hundred years.

of elector of the Palatinate is given to his distant cousin, Duke Maximilian of Bavaria and Frederick, now landless, makes himself a prominent exile abroad and tries to curry support for his cause in Sweden, The Netherlands and Denmark

The Spanish troops headed by Spinola in the Palatinate and by Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly in Bohemia achieve a decisive victory against the Czechs in the Battle of White Mountain

The Spanish troops headed by Spinola in the Palatinate and by Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly in Bohemia achieve a decisive victory against the Czechs in the Battle of White Mountain

Victory at the Battle of White Mountain enables Prague to be captured several days later by the Catholic League, delaying the Czechs independence for 300 more years. Scores an important victory against Frederick V, Elector Palatine at the decisive Battle of White Mountain against the Protestants

Loses Bohemia after defeat at White Mountain.

Wallenstein wins back his lost estates. Wallenstein groups his new possessions into a territory called Friedland in northern Bohemia