October 12 in History

Commences Defence of new Orleans, despite French numerical superiority morale is low

Commences operations by eliminating the fortified French bridgehead south of the Loire

Orleans is besieged by English troops

The English begin the siege of Orleans

Salisburys Army approaches the walls of Orleans & digs in for a siege

Commences the Siege of Orleans by eliminating the Drench bridgehead south of the Loire

Attacks the King's army but is defeated & forced into exile in Ireland

Attacks the King's army but is defeated & forced into exile in Calais

York disperses his forces & seekes refuge in Ireland

York disperses his forces & Warwick seeks refuge in Calais. York disperses his forces & Salisbury flees to Calais

Disperses his forces & seeks exile in Ireland

Deserts York & joins the Lancasrians

Land is sighted, thought to be Watling Island, now San Salvador Island

Land is sighted, thought to be Watling Island, now San Salvador Island

Colombus lands on San Salvador & claims it for Spain

Questions Luther while Frederick resists handing him to Rome.

Charles reaches Edgecote while seeking the Parliamentarian army before Edgehill.

Charles reaches Edgecote while seeking the Parliamentarian army before Edgehill.

Overton publishes "An Arrow Against All Tyrants and Tyranny", a major Leveller statement against arbitrary government and imprisonment

Overton publishes "An Arrow Against All Tyrants and Tyranny", a major Leveller statement against arbitrary government and imprisonment

Frederick III commands the Brandenburg-led Allied operation that ends with the capture of Bonn.

Severely wounded and short of supplies, d'Asfeld surrenders Bonn to the Allied besiegers.

Ormonde's troops assault the shore forts supporting the harbour defences.

Hopsonn's ship Torbay breaks the defensive boom protecting the inner harbour.

Byng serves with the English fleet during the victory at Vigo.

Shovell commands part of the Allied fleet during the attack at Vigo.

Peter I led an army of 20,000 men in an attempt to take the Swedish town and fortress of Viborg. Unfortunately, bad roads proved impassable to his heavy siege guns. The troops, who arrived on 12 October, therefore had to abandon the siege after only a few days

Lleida falls to Bourbon forces during the campaign led by Philippe II of Orleans.

Bourbon forces assault Lleida during the campaign following Almansa.

Philippe II of Orleans helps direct Bourbon operations against Lleida after Almansa.

The siege of Lleida begins its decisive assault as Bourbon forces press into Catalonia.

Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer

A Russian army burns Berlin but retreats when Frederick the Great relieves it

Orders the Grande Armee to be broken up

Shares consular authority before becoming dominant ruler.

Becomes one of Paraguay's two consuls under the new republican system.

The Treaty of Gulistan confirms major Russian territorial gains in the South Caucasus after war with Persia.

The Treaty of Gulistan ends the Russo-Persian War and confirms extensive Russian gains in the South Caucasus.

Begins the Bang Council Presidency in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Bang Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Appointed President of Argentina after national reunification

Appointed President of Argentina

Appointed President of Argentina

Yaqub Khan abdicates after the killing of the British envoy and renewed war.

Appointed President of Argentina

Appointed President of Argentina

Appointed President of Argentina

Helps found the Constitutional Democratic Party.

The constitutional convention represents 4 colonies, natives of South Africa excluded. Submits his scheme for a South African Union to the National Convention. Smuts calls for a constitutional convention. 1st day of the convention which determines the Government & constitition of South Africa

The convention represents the 4 colonies but natives of South Africa are excluded

Smuts calls for a constitutional convention

The Christensen Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the First Neergaard Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

Reaches Melbourne and learns of Amundsen's southern plans.

The Germans advance on Warsaw but retreat a week later

Hamilton argues that withdrawing from Gallipoli could cause catastrophic casualties and damage British prestige.

The First Battle of Passchendaele, on 12 October 1917 began with a further Allied attempt by 5 British and 3 ANZAC divisions (the New Zealand Division and the Australian 3rd and 4th Divisions) to gain ground around Poelcappelle

Appointed President of Argentina, 1st term

Russell directs the New Zealand Division during the disastrous attack on Bellevue Spur.

Haig approves the first major assault toward Passchendaele after previous attacks fail to secure the ridge.

Works with the committee preparing armed action.

Represents Baltic sailors in revolutionary military planning.

Becomes active in the committee's military preparations.

Helps create the committee under Petrograd Soviet authority.

The Petrograd Soviet supports creation of the Military Revolutionary Committee under Bolshevik leadership.

Forms a wartime Union government with pro-conscription Liberals.

The Polish-Soviet preliminary peace agreement adopts a frontier substantially east of the Curzon proposal, reducing its immediate role as a settlement line.

Appointed President of Argentina

The Second Cerny Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Begins the Third Svehla Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Appointed President of Argentina, 2nd term

Appointed Prime Minister of Poland

The Nationalist government continues operating from Chongqing as the Japanese offensive drives deeper into central China.

Chamberlain dismisses Hitler's offer of peace

Chamberlain dismisses Hitler's offer of peace

Negotiations between Russia & Finland take place for an exchange of territory

Negotiations between Russia & Finland take place for an exchange of territory

France refuses Hitler's offer of peace

Hitler calls off the invasion until the Spring

Adolf Hitler postpones Operation Sea Lion

The British invasion forces are released. After pressure from the Army & the Navy calls off Operation Sea Lion until the Spring

Joins the Lao Issara government after the declaration of independence

Leads the Lao Issara movement declaring Lao independence

Joins the Lao Issara movement after returning from Vietnam

Leaves the peace talks saying "difficulties remained which could be overcome"

Appointed Chairman of the Council of Minister's for the GDR

Britain's oil dispute with Iran is placed before the United Nations Security Council

Lee probably applied for his Soviet entry visa at the Russian consulate in Helsinki on October 12, the first business day after arrival.

Lee began work as a photoprint trainee at Jaggars-Chiles-Stovall, producing advertising prints after being selected from several applicants.

Appointed President of Argentina

The achievement marks first multi-crew spaceflight as an important Russian scientific milestone.

Commands Voskhod 1, the first spacecraft carrying more than one crew member.

The Fourth Einar Gerhardsen Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.

Begins the Per Borten Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.

Appointed Prime Minister of Norway

Becomes general secretary of the Workers Party.

Helps conduct the first Service Propulsion System burn of Apollo 7 during rendezvous preparations.

Participates in rendezvous operations with the spent S-IVB stage to test techniques needed for later Apollo missions.

Hunt transmitted additional material connected with the White House request for analysis concerning Daniel Ellsberg after CIA technical support to Hunt had ended.

Announces a visit to Moscow

Wins an appellate ruling requiring Nixon to provide subpoenaed recordings to Judge Sirica while the court encourages an out-of-court accommodation.

Faces an Israeli counteroffensive pushing Syrian forces back toward Damascus.

Israeli forces begin a counteroffensive on the Syrian front in the Golan Heights.

Appointed President of Argentina, 3rd term

Plays on Selling England by the Pound as Genesis refine a distinctly English progressive sound.

Maos widow is arrested

Appointed Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party

Regains the European, British & Commonwealth heavy weight title

Regains the European, British & Commonwealth heavy weight title

Play farewell-tour concerts at Shea Stadium.

Takes part in the London victory parade.

Victory Parade in London

Sentenced to 4 yrs in prison & a 500 million Yen fine. Convicted of accepting bribes from Lockheed while Prime Minister

Tebbits wife is paralysed. Injured by an IRA bomb at the Grand Hotel during the Conservative Party Conference

An IRA bomb explodes at the Grand Hotel during the Conservative Party conference. 4 are killed but the conference continues

Injured by an IRA bomb at the Grand Hotel during the Conservative Party Conference

An IRA bomb explodes at the Grand Hotel during the Conservative Party conference

Government record concerning the IRA: Tebbits wife is paralysed. Injured by an IRA bomb at the Grand Hotel during the Conservative Party Conference

Historical IRA record under Conservative Party Government: Tebbits wife is paralysed. Injured by an IRA bomb at the Grand Hotel during the Conservative Party Conference

IRA context for Norman Tebbit: Tebbits wife is paralysed. Injured by an IRA bomb at the Grand Hotel during the Conservative Party Conference

Government record concerning the IRA: An IRA bomb explodes at the Grand Hotel during the Conservative Party conference. 4 are killed but the conference continues

Historical IRA record under Conservative Party Government: An IRA bomb explodes at the Grand Hotel during the Conservative Party conference. 4 are killed but the conference continues

IRA context for Margaret Hilda Thatcher: An IRA bomb explodes at the Grand Hotel during the Conservative Party conference. 4 are killed but the conference continues

Begins 7 day Royal visit to China at Peking

Begins the Adamec Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

The Sixth Strougal Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Inflation rises to 10.9%

Inflation rises to 10.9%

Receives Council condemnation after the Temple Mount Haram al Sharif killings.

The National Human Rights Commission is established under the Protection of Human Rights Act.

Reunites with Page for No Quarter and reworked Led Zeppelin material.

Tereshchenko leaves the prime ministership

Akezhan Kazhegeldin becomes Prime Minister under Nazarbayev

A new cease-fire takes effect, electricity is restored in Sarajevo, the three major participants (Slobodan Milosevic of Serbia, Alija Izetbegovic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Franjo Tudjman of Croatia) initial a US ceasefire

The Dayton negotiations create the peace framework for Bosnia.

Scores a celebrated solo goal after running from inside his own half against Compostela.

Musharraf governs as Chief Executive while President Rafiq Tarar remains formal head of state.

Musharraf suspends constitutional government after the military takeover.

Pervez Musharraf becomes Pakistan's Chief Executive after the military removes Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.

The armed forces remove Nawaz Sharif and install Pervez Musharraf as Chief Executive.

A military coup removes Nawaz Sharif from office.

Yemeni authorities cooperate with international investigators.

Two suicide attackers ram a boat carrying explosives into the USS Cole in Aden port killing 17 American sailors

Two suicide attackers ram a boat carrying explosives into the USS Cole in Aden port killing 17 American sailors

Two suicide attackers ram a boat carrying explosives into the USS Cole in Aden port killing 17 American sailors

Government responds after the USS Cole is bombed in Aden.

Chandra results reveal numerous X-ray binaries in the central region of M31 and isolate an X-ray source consistent with the position of its supermassive black hole.

Lt. Gen. Ricardo Sanchez, the former Commander of US forces in Iraq, criticizes the Bush administration for its "catastrophically flawed, unrealistically optimistic war plan"

Ricardo Sanchez, the former commander of US forces in Iraq, criticizes the Bush administration for its "catastrophically flawed, unrealistically optimistic war plan"

Thein Sein becomes Prime Minister under the SPDC

Sarkozy hosted euro-area leaders in Paris to coordinate measures responding to the financial crisis.

Morales wins election to another presidential term with a legislative majority.

Ortiz and colleagues use a stellar occultation to discover a ring around the trans-Neptunian dwarf planet Haumea.

Hosts European Union leaders at the twenty-third EU-Ukraine summit in Kyiv.

Edward, the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, is born at Hampton Court Palace as the king's legitimate male heir.

Birth of Edward VI, gives birth to Henry VIIIs only legitimate son

Jane Seymour gives birth to Prince Edward, Henry VIII's only legitimate son to survive infancy.

Spungen was found dead in the Chelsea Hotel room she was sharing with Vicious, with stab wounds to her stomach and dressed only in her underwear

Soe Win dies while serving as Prime Minister

Lancastrian victory over the Yorkists

Attacks the King's army but is defeated & forced into exile in Calais

Attacks the King's army but is defeated & forced into exile in Ireland

Defects with Warwicks Calais troops & joins the Lancastrians

Assists George Rooke of the Allied fleet in destroying the Spanish treasure fleet

Rooke commands the Anglo-Dutch attack that destroys or captures the anchored fleet.

Helps defeat Brazilian forces at Sarandi during the campaign for Uruguayan independence

Forced back by a Boer force led by Transvaal General Joubert

The First Battle of Passchendaele, on 12 October 1917 began with a further Allied attempt by 5 British and 3 ANZAC divisions (the New Zealand Division and the Australian 3rd and 4th Divisions) to gain ground around Poelcappelle. The Allied troops were fought-out, and morale was suffering, against the well-prepared German defences, the gains were minimal and there were 13,000 Allied casualties

1st day of the Passchendaele Offensive

The four divisions of the Canadian Corps were transferred to the Ypres Salient and to make additional advances on Passchendaele