October 18 in History

Orders the removal of Sejanus from power.

Is arrested and executed after Tiberius turns against him.

Wessex will be ruled by Edmund & London & the east will be ruled by Canute

Wessex will be ruled by Edmund & London & the east will be ruled by Canute

Wessex will be ruled by Edmund & London & the east will be ruled by Canute

Created Earl of Herford, 1st

Privy Councillors & the Commons agree to petition Elizabeth I regarding her succession

Fails to persuade Parliament that Elizabeth I is commited to declaring a marriage

Wildman helps Army radicals prepare a written constitutional challenge to the senior officers before the Putney discussions begin.

The Levelllers demand a dissolution of Parliament within a year and substantial changes to the constitution of future Parliaments, which were to be regulated by an unalterable "law paramount"

The Levelllers demand a dissolution of Parliament within a year and substantial changes to the constitution of future Parliaments, which were to be regulated by an unalterable "law paramount"

The Levellers demand a dissolution of Parliament within a year and substantial changes to the constitution of future Parliaments, to be regulated by an unalterable law paramount. At least five regiments of cavalry elect new unofficial agitators and produce "The Case of the Army Truly Stated", which is presented to Sir Thomas Fairfax

Wildman is associated with the radical soldiers who present "The Case of the Army Truly Stated", pressing the Army leadership for constitutional reform

Lying-in-State with an effigy, imitating the tradition of Kings. Lying-in-State from 18 October to 10 November at Somerset House

Uses political crisis to establish hereditary absolute monarchy.

Louis XIV, the grandson of Henry IV, renounces the Edict of Nantes and declares Protestantism illegal with the Edict of Fontainebleau

Revokes the Edict of Nantes and outlaws Protestant worship.

Revokes the edict in an effort to force all his subjects to practice Catholicism. Louis XIV, the grandson of Henry IV, renounces the Edict of Nantes and declares Protestantism illegal with the Edict of Fontainebleau

Under the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle The Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 is upheld

Under the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Maria Theresa returns to conquered Duchy of Modena and the Republic of Genoa

Under the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Maria Theresa cedes the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla in present-day Italy to Philip of Bourbon

Under the Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle France cedes Madras to Britain

Under the Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle France cedes Madras to Britain

Under the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Maria Theresa returns to conquered Duchy of Modena and the Republic of Genoa

Under the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Maria Theresa cedes the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla in present-day Italy to Philip of Bourbon

Under the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Maria Theresa cedes the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla in present-day Italy to Philip of Bourbon

Under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Silesia is ceded to Frederick II the Great

Under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle France recognizes the Hanoverian succession

The monarchy, led by Maria Theresa's foreign affairs Chancellor Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg, survives a disastrous crisis that could have brought its destruction and Habsburg pre-eminence is confirmed in Germany

Prussia retains Silesia & Glatz. Maria Theresas Hapsburg succession is confirmed. France repudiates Charles Stuart & recognizes the Hanoverian succession

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the war of Austrian Succession. France repudiates Charles Stuart & recognizes the Hanoverian succession. Britain gains Madras

Under the Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle France cedes Madras to Britain. France repudiates Charles Stewart & recognizes the Hanoverian succession. Ends the War of Austrian Succession. Confirms Maria Theresas succession to the Habsburg lands

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the Austrian War of Succession

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed by Great Britain, France, and the Dutch Republic

The monarchy, led by Maria Theresa's foreign affairs Chancellor Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg, survives a disastrous crisis that could have brought its destruction and Habsburg pre-eminence is confirmed in Germany

Under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Maria Theresa's succession to the Habsburg lands is confirmed

Under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Silesia is ceded to Frederick II the Great

Under the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Maria Theresa cedes the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla in present-day Italy to Philip of Bourbon

Under the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Maria Theresa returns to conquered Duchy of Modena and the Republic of Genoa

Under the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle The Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 is upheld

Appointed Chef de Bataillon at the siege of Toulon

Napoleon I was appointed Chef de Bataillon at the siege of Toulon.

Appointed Chef de Bataillon at the siege of Toulon

Murat loses 2,500 troops when they are attacked by Kutuzov

Bavaria joins the Allies

Saxony joins the Allies

Begins the Andræ Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Bang Council Presidency ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Undder the Treaty of Peking parts of Outer Manchuria are ceded to the Russian Empire

The Treaty of Peking is signed as a result of the Second Opium War under military and diplomatic pressure of British and French troops (who were burning the Old Summer Palace at the time)

Also known as the First Convention of Peking, a Treaty between the Government of the Qing-Dynasty of China and each of the three European powers, the United Kingdom, France, and Russia

Russia is granted the right to the Ussuri krai, a part of the modern day Primorye, the territory that corresponded with the ancient Manchu province of East Tartary.

The Treaty of Peking is signed as a result of the Second Opium War under military and diplomatic pressure of British and French troops (who were burning the Old Summer Palace at the time). The peace Treaty is signed by Prince Gong & Lord Elgin.

Under the treat of Peking 11 ports are opened & part of Kowloon is ceded to Britain. Undder the Treaty of Peking parts of Outer Manchuria are ceded to the Russian Empire.

The Treaty of Peking is signed as a result of the Second Opium War under military and diplomatic pressure of British and French troops (who were burning the Old Summer Palace at the time)

Leads the Serbian First Army south toward Kumanovo.

Commands Bulgaria's First Army in Thrace.

Concentrates the Ottoman Vardar Army to oppose the Serbian advance.

Leads Bulgarian armies into Eastern Thrace.

Royal Navy vessels bombard German forces on the Belgian coast while supporting the Allied flank.

Japanese light cruiser "Takachiho" sunk by German destroyer off Tsingtau

Albert's army holds the Yser sector while German pressure threatens the last unoccupied part of Belgium.

Belgian resistance north of Ypres stabilises the front.

The Canadian Corps relieved II ANZAC Corps on 18 October from their positions along the valley between Gravenstafel Ridge and the heights at Passchendaele

Issues the Czechoslovak declaration of independence.

Miners walk out & make a claim for 2 shillings more per week

Crimea is granted its independence

Crimea is granted its independence

Hitler issued a Kommandobefehl (Commando Order) that proscribed any Allied personnel captured in commando raids would be executed

Jodl signs the covering memorandum transmitting Hitler's criminal Commando Order.

Toyoda activates the Sho-1 plan as Japanese naval forces prepare to contest the Allied landing at Leyte.

Papandreou and the national government return after German withdrawal.

Soviet troops invade Czechoslovakia during World War II

The International Military Tribunal indictment names Jodl among the leading German defendants charged with major war crimes.

The prosecution enters indictments against 24 major war criminals and six criminal organisations - the leadership of the Nazi party, the Schutzstaffel (SS) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD), the Gestapo, the Sturmabteilung (SA. The International Military Tribunal is opened, in the Supreme Court Building in Berlin, the first session is presided over by the Soviet judge, Nikitchenko

A military and civilian alliance overthrew President Isaias Medina Angarita during the October Revolution.

Border Campaign opens supply routes to China and weakens French positions

Kerensky continues political activity connected with revolution studies.

Viet Minh capture Nghia Lo during the Northwest Campaign

Bao Dai dismisses Prime Minister Diem but Diem refuses to resign

Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar begins a brief premiership.

Gromyko told Kennedy that Soviet assistance to Cuba was defensive and denied an offensive deployment.

Gromyko assured Kennedy that Soviet assistance to Cuba was defensive while the President already possessed evidence of offensive missile sites.

Kennedy told Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko that the United States would not tolerate offensive missiles in Cuba; Gromyko denied that offensive Soviet weapons were being deployed.

Kennedy restated his public warning to Gromyko without revealing that the missile sites had been photographed.

Kennedy met Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko while withholding knowledge of the photographed missile sites.

Lundahl's analysts continued comparing new imagery to Soviet missile systems and locating additional offensive installations.

McCone reviewed new intelligence as reconnaissance identified additional missile activity and bomber-related installations in Cuba.

McNamara worked on a quarantine plan designed to halt additional offensive weapons without immediately attacking existing missile sites.

Rusk participated in preparations for the Gromyko meeting and supported maintaining secrecy about the photographic evidence.

Stevenson proposed exploring a negotiated settlement that could remove the Soviet missiles while avoiding a direct military confrontation.

Taylor presented military assessments emphasizing that an air strike might have to be followed by a larger invasion of Cuba.

Thompson used his experience with Khrushchev to advise that Soviet intentions and domestic pressures should be interpreted cautiously.

McCone joined Kennedy and senior advisers in reviewing blockade, air-strike, invasion, diplomatic, and warning options during the first days of the missile crisis.

Hosty receives reporting about Oswald's Mexico City contacts.

Hosty receives reporting about Oswald's Mexico City contacts.

Appointed Home Secretary

Joins Harold Wilson's government as Minister of State at the Ministry of Aviation.

Kasa-Vubu appoints Kimba to form a government after dismissing Tshombe.

The achievement marks first direct venus measurements as an important Russian scientific milestone.

Leads spacecraft design for the first probe returning direct measurements from Venus.

Manually assists a long Service Propulsion System burn that verifies engine performance and propellant monitoring.

Releases Other Voices without Morrison.

The First Trygve Bratteli Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.

Begins the Lars Korvald Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.

Leads Britain when its formal ratification notification for the accession treaty is completed.

Heads Denmark when ratification of the accession treaty is formally notified.

Rejects the administration's third-party tape proposal because it would leave Nixon controlling which evidence reached the special prosecutor.

Helps form and protect the Israeli bridgehead across the Suez Canal.

Leads armored forces across the Suez Canal as Israel expands its west-bank bridgehead.

Calls a meeting of Labour leftists entitled "Taking over the GLC", beginning publication of a monthly newsletter the London Labour Briefing

Calls a meeting of Labour leftists entitled "Taking over the GLC", beginning publication of a monthly newsletter the London Labour Briefing

PASOK wins the election and prepares Greece's first socialist-led government.

Releases Traveling Wilburys Vol 1 with the supergroup.

Records Traveling Wilburys Vol 1 with Dylan and others.

NASA launches Galileo, the first mission designed to orbit Jupiter.

Appointed General Secretary of the SED, Socialist Unity Party

Appointed General Secretary of the SED, Socialist Unity Party

Leads the ADFL rebellion against Mobutu.

The government enacts the INRA Law governing land reform and property regularisation.

Rwanda and Uganda provide major military support.

Brown says Britain will not join the single currency during that Parliament.

Botswana election results show the ruling Botswana Democratic Party of Pres. Festus Mogae winning 30 of 40 seats in the National Assembly

Botswana election results show the ruling Botswana Democratic Party of Pres. Festus Mogae winning 30 of 40 seats in the National Assembly

Botswana election results show the ruling Botswana Democratic Party of Pres. Festus Mogae winning 30 of 40 seats in the National Assembly

Botswana election results show the ruling Botswana Democratic Party of Pres. Festus Mogae winning 30 of 40 seats in the National Assembly

Martin Raguz becomes Chairman of the Council of Ministers

The World Bank endorses a $3.5 billion oil project with 80% of the revenues to go to development

The meeting focuses on rapidly changing preparations for Iraq inspections.

Chairs a special UNMOVIC Commissioners session.

A two-day referendum approves extensive revisions to the Constitution.

Releases Greatest Hits, summarising the first phase of his solo career.

Khin Nyunt is dismissed and placed under arrest

Scores twice against Sparta Prague to become Arsenal's all-time leading goalscorer.

Comes second in the first ballot of Conservative MPs during the leadership contest.

In the first ballot of Conservative MPs Cameron came second, with 56 votes, slightly more than expected; David Davis had fewer than predicted at 62 votes; Liam Fox came third with 42 votes and Kenneth Clarke was eliminated with 38 votes

In the first ballot of Conservative MPs Cameron came second, with 56 votes, slightly more than expected; David Davis had fewer than predicted at 62 votes; Liam Fox came third with 42 votes and Kenneth Clarke was eliminated with 38 votes

In the first ballot of Conservative MPs Cameron came second, with 56 votes, slightly more than expected; David Davis had fewer than predicted at 62 votes; Liam Fox came third with 42 votes and Kenneth Clarke was eliminated with 38 votes

Spitzer observations reveal an inner dust ring whose geometry supports a past near head-on passage of the companion galaxy M32 through Andromeda's disk.

After eight years in exile in Dubai and London, Bhutto returns to Karachi to prepare for the 2008 national elections

After eight years in exile in Dubai and London, Bhutto returns to Karachi to prepare for the 2008 national elections

Bhutto later claimed that she had warned the Pakistani Government that suicide bomb squads would target her upon her return to Pakistan and that the Government had failed to act.

En route to a rally in Karachi two explosions occur shortly after Bhutto had landed and left Jinnah International Airport, she was not injured but the explosions, later found to be a suicide-bomb attack, killed 136 people.

The dead include at least 50 of the security guards from her PPP who had formed a human chain around her truck to keep potential bombers away, as well as 6 police officers.

En route to a rally in Karachi two explosions occur shortly after Bhutto had landed and left Jinnah International Airport, she was not injured but the explosions, later found to be a suicide-bomb attack, killed 136 people. Bhutto later claimed that she had warned the Pakistani Government that suicide bomb squads would target her upon her return to Pakistan and that the Government had failed to act

At the European Council meeting on 18 and 19 October 2007 in Lisbon, a few last-minute concessions were made to ensure the signing of the Treaty

A statue of Johnny Haynes is unveiled at Craven Cottage before the Premier League match against Sunderland

A statue of Johnny Haynes is unveiled at Craven Cottage before the Premier League match against Sunderland

Publishes a national security strategy setting out threats and strategic priorities for the United Kingdom.

Performs the first all-female spacewalk with Jessica Meir.

Performs the first all-female spacewalk with Christina Koch.

Arce wins the presidential election as the Movement Toward Socialism candidate.

Visits Israel after the Hamas attack.

Western officials report North Korean troops supporting Russia.

Reports emerge of North Korean troops supporting Russia.

Birth of Frederick III, son of William I of Prussia.

Henri Bergson is born in Paris to a Polish father and an English mother.

Birth of Everette Howard Hunt

Lee Harvey Oswald was born in New Orleans on October 18, 1939, two months after the death of his father.

Death of Margaret Tudor

His death becomes a rallying point for Moscow workers.

Ferrari Orsi is killed by a mine while inspecting forward positions shortly before the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Death of John Norman "Johnny" Haynes

Death of Everette Howard Hunt

Killed by the Danes at the English defeat of Ashingdon

Killed by the Danes at the English defeat of Ashingdon

Leads to a Treaty granting Edmund II Wessex while Canute holds the rest of England

Defeats Edmund Ironside. Canute & Edmund agree to jointly rule England after the Battle of Ashingdon

Killed by the Danes at the English defeat of Ashingdon

Eadric & the Mercians desert the battle & Edmund faces defeat. Defeated by Canute who disputes Edmunds claim to the throne. Canute & Edmund agree to jointly rule England after the Battle of Ashingdon

Killed by the Danes at the English defeat of Ashingdon

Killed by the Danes at the English defeat of Ashingdon

Bohemund Bohemund & Robert Guiscard defeat Emperor Alexius. The Battle of Dyrrhachium (Durres in Albania) between the Byzantine Empire, led by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus and the Normans of southern Italy under Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria. Fought outside the city of Dyrrhachium (also known as Durazzo), Byzantine capital of Illyria, results in a Norman victory

The 6th Coalition is arranged with Field Marshal Blucher (Prussian) & Crown Prince Carl Johan of Sweden to the north, Generals Barclay De Tolly, Bennigsen (Russian) & Prince von Hessen-Homburg (Austrian) to the south & Gyulay (Austrian) to the north

Blucher gains ground in the North but is stopped short of blocking the French retreat route, a number of Saxon and Wurttemberger units defect to the Coalition

The 6th Coalition is arranged with Field Marshal Blucher (Prussian) & Crown Prince Carl Johan of Sweden to the north, Generals Barclay De Tolly, Bennigsen (Russian) & Prince von Hessen-Homburg (Austrian) to the south & Gyulay (Austrian) to the north

The Allies launch a huge assault from all sides, in over nine hours of fighting, in which both sides suffer heavy casualties, the French troops prevent a breakthrough but are slowly forced back towards Leipzig

The Canadian Corps relieved II ANZAC Corps on 18 October from their positions along the valley between Gravenstafel Ridge and the heights at Passchendaele

Helps widen the Israeli bridgehead near the Suez Canal after fierce fighting around Chinese Farm.