Independence
After Byzantium fails to support the Pope the "Universal" Church splits
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On this date in world history
July 16 in History
This permanent archive page contains 214 World History Database records for July 16, spanning 1054 to 2026. Recorded topics include Independence; Independence of Italy; Battle of Alarcos.
Total: 214Events: 187Births: 2Deaths: 7Battles: 16Coronations: 2Countries: 30
Events on July 16
Independence of Italy
After Byzantium fails to support the Pope the "Universal" Church splits
Provisions of Oxford
Henry accepts de Montforts terms
Reballion of Rebels in London
Henry accepts de Montforts terms, de Montfort then occupies London
Siege of London
Henry accepts de Montforts terms, de Montfort then occupies London
Siege of London
Montfort occupies London
Alliance Edward III and German Allies
Sails from Orwell to Antwerp then marches to Koblenz to join the German Allies
Siege of Reims
Reims immediately openes its gates Joan of Arcs army
Marriage
Influences his nephew Clement VII in refusing to annul Henry VIIIs marriage
Edict of Coucy
Following the Edict of Coucy heretics had a limited six-month period to reconcile with the Catholic faith, Calvin decides that there was no future for him in France
Edict of Coucy
Francis I issues the Edict of Coucy ending the persecution of Protestants who were calling for reform in the Catholic Church and displayed provocative placards attacking the Mass
Exile of John Calvin
Following the Edict of Coucy heretics had a limited six-month period to reconcile with the Catholic faith, Calvin decides that there was no future for him in France
Reformation, The
Following the Edict of Coucy heretics had a limited six-month period to reconcile with the Catholic faith, Calvin decides that there was no future for him in France
Reformation, The
Francis I issues the Edict of Coucy ending the persecution of Protestants who were calling for reform in the Catholic Church and displayed provocative placards attacking the Mass
Invasion of France
Henry VIII crosses the Channel with an invasion force during the renewed war against France.
Execution
Burnt for heresy, a believer in Reformation she is found to have Court connections
Execution
Burnt for heresy, a believer in Reformation he is found to have Court connections
Execution
Anne Askew is burnt at Smithfield for heresy
Reformation, The
Burnt for heresy, a believer in Reformation she is found to have Court connections
Reformation, The
Burnt for heresy, a believer in Reformation he is found to have Court connections
Kiyosu Conference
Chosen as Oda Nobunaga heir at the Kiyosu Conference
Kiyosu Conference
Participates in the succession settlement after Oda Nobunaga death
Kiyosu Conference
Participates in the Kiyosu Conference over the Oda succession
Invasion of England
Negotiations were abandoned, and the English fleet stood prepared, if ill-supplied, at Plymouth, awaiting news of Spanish movements
Invasion of England
Negotiations were abandoned, and the English fleet stood prepared, if ill-supplied, at Plymouth, awaiting news of Spanish movements
Capture of York
Helps capture York for the Parliamentarians
Capture of York
Parliament captures York
Capture of York
Leads the "Ironsides" & captures York
Siege of Newcastle
Serves as a Lieutenant General of foot in Lord Levens Army at the siege of Newcastle
Siege of York
Parliament captures York
Defence of Mainz Begins
Huxelles commands the French garrison when the Imperial army begins the siege of Mainz.
Siege of Mainz Begins
Charles V of Lorraine opens the Imperial siege of the French-held fortress of Mainz.
Lord Justice
Appointed one of the Lords Justices during William III's absence.
Rule of Crimea
The Treaty of Kutchuk cedes Kerch and several other Black Sea ports in the Crimea to Russia and declared the rest of the khanate of Crimea independent
Rule of Kerch
The Treaty of Kutchuk cedes Kerch and several other Black Sea ports in the Crimea to Russia and declared the rest of the khanate of Crimea independent
Rule of Moldova
Under the Treaty of Kutchuk Kainardji Moldova is returned to Turkey
Rule of Moldovia
Moldova and Walachia were restored to the suzerainty of the sultan, but Russia obtains the right of intervening with the Sublime Porte (the sultans court) on behalf of those two principalities
Rule of Steppes
Under the Treaty of Kutchuk Kainardji the Steppes are returned to Russia
Rule of Walachia
Moldova and Walachia were restored to the suzerainty of the sultan, but Russia obtains the right of intervening with the Sublime Porte (the sultans court) on behalf of those two principalities
Rule of Wallachia
Under the Treaty of Kutchuk Kainardji Wallachia is returned to Turkey
Treaty of Kutchuk
Moldova and Walachia were restored to the suzerainty of the sultan, but Russia obtains the right of intervening with the Sublime Porte (the sultans court) on behalf of those two principalities.
Treaty of Kutchuk
Proclaimed Protectress of the Christians in the Balkans.
Treaty of Kutchuk
Russia gains access to the Black Sea & to the Straits.
Treaty of Kutchuk
Russia gains the Steppes from Turkey.
Treaty of Kutchuk
The Crimea gains its independence.
Treaty of Kutchuk
The Treaty of Kutchuk cedes Kerch and several other Black Sea ports in the Crimea to Russia and declared the rest of the khanate of Crimea independent.
The Abduction from the Seraglio
The Abduction from the Seraglio premieres at the Burgtheater.
Bastille Demolition Order
As commander of the Paris National Guard, Lafayette ordered the demolition of the captured Bastille.
Ministerial Dismissal Demand
Mirabeau called for the dismissal of ministers associated with the royal military concentration around Paris.
Siege of Bastille
Forced to reinstate Neckar after the fall of the Bastille
Extension of Royal Suspension
The Assembly continued Louis XVI's suspension until the completed Constitution could be formally presented to him.
Feuillant Club
Adrien Duport joined the Feuillant split after the Varennes crisis.
Feuillant Club
Joins the Feuillant split after the Varennes crisis
Feuillant Club
Alexandre Lameth joined the moderate constitutional monarchist Feuillant Club.
Feuillant Club
Joins the moderate constitutional monarchist Feuillant Club
Feuillant Club
Charles Lameth joined the Feuillant split from the Jacobin Club.
Feuillant Club
Joins the Feuillant split from the Jacobin Club
Feuillant Split
Antoine Pierre Joseph Marie Barnave joined moderate constitutional monarchists who leave the Jacobin Club for the Feuillants.
Feuillant Split
Joins moderate constitutional monarchists who leave the Jacobin Club for the Feuillants
Feuillant Split
Moderate constitutional monarchists leave the Jacobin Club and form the Feuillant Club after the crisis over the king
Feuillant Split
Moderate constitutional monarchists leave the Jacobin Club and form the Feuillant Club after the crisis over the king.
Execution
The leader of the Lyons Jacobins is executed
Minister of Foreign Relations
Talleyrand became Minister of Foreign Relations with support from Barras, despite opposition from Carnot and Barthelemy.
La Paz Junta
Murillo helps establish the Junta Tuitiva in La Paz
Capture of Caracas
Captures Caracas from the Spanish, gains the title of "el Libertador"
Legislation
His government passes legislation allowing workers to combine over wages and hours.
Reform of Government
His government passes legislation modifying restrictions on workers' combinations.
Kaufbeuren Appointment
Becomes Bezirksamtmann in Kaufbeuren and assumes responsibility for district administration.
Constitution of Great Britain
Declares giving equal rights to blacks in South Africa will threaten white civilization
Poet Laureate
Appointed Poet Laureate
Conference of ISB
The ISB defends Lenin against charges of splitting the party
July Days
Demonstrations begin among soldiers of the First Machine-Gun Regiment.
July Days
The July Days begin as soldiers and workers protest against the Provisional Government.
July Days
Workers and soldiers demand Soviet power as disorder spreads through Petrograd.
July Days
Workers and soldiers demand Soviet power as Trotsky supports restraint.
Execution
Shot after the possibility of rescue by white Counter-revolutionaries. It is reported that his wife, 3 daughters & son are also shot
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland
Legislation
Unemployment Insurance Law passed
Constitution of Brazil
Resembles Italian corporatism, has the enthusiastic support of the pro-fascist wing of the tenente & industrialists
Party Constitution
Resembles Italian corporatism, has the enthusiastic support of the pro-fascist wing of the tenente & industrialists
Sanctions
The League of Nations capitulates and calls off the sanctions against Italy
Directive No. 16
Issues "Directive No. 16; On the Preparation of a Landing Operation against England"
Invasion of Great Britain
Hopes news of the preparations of invasion will frighten Britain into peace negotiations
Invasion of Great Britain
Issues "Directive No. 16; On the Preparation of a Landing Operation against England"
Invasion of Great Britain
Issues instructions to prepare for an invasion of Britain
Invasion of Russia
Drives Soviet Divisions back to the Dnieper
Operation Barbarossa
Drives Soviet Divisions back to the Dnieper
Operation Sea Lion
Says invasion should commence by mid August but the services revise this to 15th Sept
SOE
Churchill invites Hugh Dalton to establish the Special Operations Executive
SOE
Churchill invites Hugh Dalton to establish the Special Operations Executive
Arrest of Yakov Stalin
Stalins son is captured. In line with Russian policy soldiers captured by Germans are treated as traitors
Chile Films
Creates Chile Films by decree to develop a national film industry.
Commander of Sixty Second Army
Appointed Commander of the Sixty Second Army
Commander of Sixty Second Army
Appointed Commander of the Sixty Second Army to hold the Germans west of the River Don
Invasion of Russia
Hitler moves his HQ to Vinnitsa in the Ukraine
Siege of River Don
Give the task of defending the River Don
Wounded in Action
Lombardi is seriously wounded while commanding the Brescia Division during the First Battle of El Alamein.
Allied Conference
Proposes an Allied Conference. Convinced Italy must be invaded & Rome captured. Concerned the US will turn its attention toward the Pacific at the expense of Europe
Conference of Allies
Proposes an Allied Conference
Coup
Rommel agrees to support the plot to overthrow Hitler but not to assassinate him
Plot
Rommel agrees to support the plot to overthrow Hitler but not to assassinate him
1st Nuclear Explosion
The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico
Bombing of Japan
General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3
Bombing of Japan
General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3
Bombing of Japan
General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3
first Nuclear Explosion
The joint work of the scientists at Los Alamos resulted in the first artificial nuclear explosion near Alamogordo on July 16, 1945, the site of which Oppenheimer named "Trinity". The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico
Gadget
The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico
Invention of Atomic Bomb
With Allied leaders in Potsdam when he hears news of the succesful test explosion. Sees the atomic bomb as a means of delivering peace to the world
Invention of Atomic Bomb
With Allied leaders in Potsdam when he hears news of the succesful test explosion
Manhattan Project
The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico
Manhattan Project
The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico
Manhattan Project
The joint work of the scientists at Los Alamos resulted in the first artificial nuclear explosion near Alamogordo on July 16, 1945, the site of which Oppenheimer named "Trinity". The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico
Manhattan Project
General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3
Manhattan Project
General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3
Manhattan Project
General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3
Manhattan Project
General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3
Nuclear Power
Witnesses the test nuclear explosion & says, "the war is over"
Trinity
The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico
Trinity Nuclear Test
The United States conducts the Trinity test, the first detonation of a nuclear explosive device.
Trinity Test Observation
Observes the Trinity nuclear test and performs a simple paper-drop experiment to make an immediate estimate of the explosion's yield.
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieutenant Commander
Maracana Equalizer
Scores Uruguay's equalizer against Brazil before Ghiggia's winning goal.
Maracana Winning Goal
Scores Uruguay's decisive second goal against Brazil in the final-round match.
Nine-Goal Scoring Lead
Scores nine goals for Brazil, the highest individual total at the 1950 tournament.
Uruguay World Cup Captain
Captains Uruguay in the decisive 2-1 victory over Brazil at the Maracana.
World Cup Outstanding Player
Is recognized as the outstanding player of the 1950 World Cup despite Brazil finishing runners-up.
The Catcher in the Rye
Publication of "The Catcher in the Rye", chronicling 48 hours in the life of a teenage rebel, Holden Caulfield, as he wanders the streets of New York in a state of mental collapse, it enjoyed early, but modest success
The Catcher in the Rye", chronicling 48 hours in the life of a teenage rebel, Holden Caulfield, as he wanders the streets of New York in a state of mental collapse, it enjoyed early, but modest success
Publication of "The Catcher in the Rye", chronicling 48 hours in the life of a teenage rebel, Holden Caulfield, as he wanders the streets of New York in a state of mental collapse, it enjoyed early, but modest success
Visit to Amman
Arrives in Jordan to discuss peace between Israel & Jordan
Accords of Geneva
Rejects the Geneva accords & the elections, a decision backed up by the USA. Diem refuses to hold the reunification elections, pointing out that the State of Vietnam had not signed the Geneva Accords
Election
Rejects the Geneva accords & the elections, a decision backed up by the USA. Diem refuses to hold the reunification elections, pointing out that the State of Vietnam had not signed the Geneva Accords
President of Vietnam
Appointed Prime Minister of Southern Vietnam, 2nd term
Presidents Council on Youth Fitness
Establishes the President's Council on Youth Fitness to promote physical fitness among American young people.
Rule of Namibia
The World Court rules in South Africas favour for it to retain control
Apollo 11 CSM-LM Docking
Pilots Columbia during transposition and docking with lunar module Eagle after translunar injection.
Apollo 11 Launch
Launches toward the Moon with Armstrong and Collins.
Apollo 11 Launch
Commands Apollo 11 as it launches for the Moon.
Apollo 11 Launch
Launches with Armstrong and Aldrin on Apollo 11.
Apollo 11 Launch
Directs the Apollo program as Apollo 11 launches.
Apollo 11 Translunar Injection
Commands Apollo 11 as the Saturn V third stage sends the spacecraft toward the Moon.
Ceasefire
Honduras accepts an OAS ceasefire but El Salvador continues fighting
Peace
Of the 300,000 Salvadorian workers in Honduras, tens of thousands are expelled, prompting the Salvadorian army to invade Honduras, the OAS eventually work out a cease-fire. Honduras accepts an OAS ceasefire but El Salvador continues fighting
Appointment as Prime Minister
Jalloud succeeds Gaddafi as prime minister while the Revolutionary Command Council retains authority.
Bombing of Kampuchea
The Armed Services Committee begins its hearings on the secret bombing of Kampuchea
Special Senate Committee
Alexander Butterfield, former presidential appointments secretary, reveals in congressional testimony that since 1971 Nixon had recorded all conversations and telephone calls in his offices.
Special Senate Committee
Butterfield is put before the full Special Senate Committee to put the taping system on the record
Special Senate Committee
Butterfield is put before the full Special Senate Committee to put the taping system on the record.
Special Senate Committee
Butterfield is put before the full Special Senate Committee to put the taping system on the record.
Taping System Testimony
Publicly confirms before the Senate Watergate Committee that presidential conversations were automatically recorded in several White House locations.
Watergate
Alexander Butterfield, former presidential appointments secretary, reveals in congressional testimony that since 1971 Nixon had recorded all conversations and telephone calls in his offices.
White House Tape Subpoena
Leads the committee as it votes unanimously to subpoena presidential recordings and documents that could test conflicting Watergate testimony.
White House Taping System
Ends operation of the remaining White House recording system after Alexander Butterfield publicly discloses its existence to the Senate Watergate Committee.
White House Taping System Revelation
Participates when Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the White House recording system, giving the committee a potential source of direct evidence about disputed presidential conversations.
On the Beach
Releases On the Beach, a bleak and influential album from his mid-1970s period.
President of Iraq
Appointed President of Iraq, announced by al-Bakr on the eve of 17th July celebrations
Retirement
Officially retires for health reasons
Coup
Saddam, Adnan, a cousin, & Tulfah, an uncle, threaten Bakr in the Presidential Palace
Coup
Adnan, a cousin, & Tulfah, an uncle, threaten Bakr in the Presidential Palace
Coup
Adnan, a cousin, & Tulfah, an uncle, threaten Bakr in the Presidential Palace
President of Iraq
Appointed President of Iraq, announced by al-Bakr
Resignation of Ahmed Hassan al- Bakr
Bakr announces his resignation
Resignation of Ahmed Hassan al- Bakr
Bakr announces his resignation
Visit to Baghdad
President Asad of Syria visits Saddam Hussein to discuss Iraqi & Syrian unification
Visit to Damascus
President Asad of Syria visits Saddam Hussein to discuss Iraqi & Syrian unification
Warrington By-election
Finishes a close second at the Warrington by-election for the new SDP.
World Record
Runs 1500 meters in 3 mins 29.67 secs
First Mir Expedition Completed
Returns to Earth after completing the pioneering Mir expedition and the unique transfer mission between Mir and Salyut 7.
Independence of Russia
The Ukrainian Parliament votes for sovereignty
Independence of Ukraine
The Ukrainian Parliament votes for sovereignty
Governor Appointed
Frank Savage becomes Governor of Montserrat
Transfer
Beardsley re-joins Newcastle for pounds 1.4 million, where his old team-mate and strike partner Kevin Keegan is manager
Transfer
Beardsley re-joins Newcastle for pounds 1.4 million, where his old team-mate and strike partner Kevin Keegan is manager
Galileo Views Shoemaker-Levy 9 Impact
Galileo observes Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts on Jupiter's far side from a unique spacecraft viewpoint.
Shoemaker-Levy 9 Impacts Begin
Fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 begin colliding with Jupiter, producing enormous atmospheric scars.
Real Madrid Presidency Begins
Is elected president of Real Madrid and begins his first term leading the club.
Health Select Committee
Burnham joins the Health Select Committee early in his parliamentary career.
Arrest of Sheikh Hasina
Bangladesh police arrest former PM Sheikh Hasina on extortion charges
National Development
I participates in national development connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Helsinki Summit with Putin
Meets Russian President Vladimir Putin in Helsinki.
La Liga Title-Clinching Brace
Scores twice against Villarreal as Real Madrid mathematically secure the league championship.
Thirty-Fourth La Liga Title
Coaches Real Madrid to their thirty-fourth Spanish league championship.
Celtic Transfer
Joins Celtic from Vissel Kobe and quickly becomes a leading goalscorer.
Chairman Takes Office
Komsic takes the rotating chairmanship of the Presidency
Chairman Takes Office
Komsic again takes the rotating chairmanship of the Presidency
Final Visit to Ukraine
Starmer visits Kyiv and reaffirms British support for Ukraine during his final week in office.
Three-Month GDP Growth to May 2026
ONS estimates that GDP grew by 0.7 percent in the three months to May 2026
Births on July 16
Birth of France's Brandon
Birth of France's Brandon, future mother of Lady Jane Grey. Birth of France's Brandon, daughter of Charles Brandon & Mary Tudor
Birth of Roald Amundsen
Birth of Roald Amundsen
Deaths on July 16
Death of Anne Askew
Death of Anne Askew, executed
Death of Henry VIII
Anne Askew is burnt at Smithfield for heresy
Death of Joseph Chalier
The leader of the Lyons Jacobins is executed
Death of Joseph Chalier
The leader of the Lyons Jacobins is executed.
Death of Nicholas II
Shot after the possibility of rescue by white Counter-revolutionaries. It is reported that his wife, 3 daughters & son are also shot
Death of Heinrich Theodor Boll
Death of Heinrich Boll
Death of Jon Lord
Dies after a career that made him one of hard rock's most influential keyboard players.
Battles on July 16
Battle of Alarcos
The Almohad host came in view, Alfonso found himself outnumbered but rashly formed his army next day, offering battle, instead of retreating towards Talavera, which the Leonese troops had already reached
Battle of Chesma
Catherine makes Russia the dominant power in south-eastern Europe after her war against the Ottoman Empire which see major victories at Chesma and Kagul
Battle of Kagul
Catherine makes Russia the dominant power in south-eastern Europe after her war against the Ottoman Empire which see major victories at Chesma and Kagul
Battle of Baylen
Between 16 and 19 July, Spanish forces converged on the French positions stretched out along villages on the Guadalquivir and attacked at several points, forcing the confused French defenders to shift their divisions.
Battle of Baylen
Caught between Castanos and Reding, Dupont attempted vainly to break through the Spanish line at Baylen in three bloody and desperate charges, losing more than 2,500 men.
Battle of Baylen
With Castanos pinning Dupont downstream at Andujar, Reding successfully forced the river at Mengibar and seized Baylen, interposing himself between the two wings of the French army.
Battle of Baylen
Between 16 and 19 July, Spanish forces converged on the French positions stretched out along villages on the Guadalquivir and attacked at several points, forcing the confused French defenders to shift their divisions.
Battle of Baylen
Caught between Castanos and Reding, Dupont attempted vainly to break through the Spanish line at Baylen in three bloody and desperate charges, losing more than 2,500 men.
Battle of Baylen
With Castanos pinning Dupont downstream at Andujar, Reding successfully forced the river at Mengibar and seized Baylen, interposing himself between the two wings of the French army.
Battle of Baylen
Between 16 and 19 July, Spanish forces converged on the French positions stretched out along villages on the Guadalquivir and attacked at several points, forcing the confused French defenders to shift their divisions.
Battle of Baylen
Caught between Castanos and Reding, Dupont attempted vainly to break through the Spanish line at Baylen in three bloody and desperate charges, losing more than 2,500 men.
Battle of Baylen
With Castanos pinning Dupont downstream at Andujar, Reding successfully forced the river at Mengibar and seized Baylen, interposing himself between the two wings of the French army.
Battle of Britain
Hopes that news of the preparations would frighten Britain into peace negotiations, issues "Directive No. 16; On the Preparation of a Landing Operation against England"
Battle of Britain
Issues Directive No. 16 ordering preparations for Operation Sea Lion.
Battle of Britain
Makes air superiority over Britain a prerequisite for the planned invasion.
Battle of Kursk
The Germans fail to hold Kursk
Coronations on July 16
Coronation
Crowned in Westminster Abbey, 10 yr old grandson of Edward III
Coronation
Crowns Richard II at Westminster Abbey