July 16 in History

After Byzantium fails to support the Pope the "Universal" Church splits

After Byzantium fails to support the Pope the "Universal" Church splits

Henry accepts de Montforts terms

Henry accepts de Montforts terms, de Montfort then occupies London

Henry accepts de Montforts terms, de Montfort then occupies London

Montfort occupies London

Sails from Orwell to Antwerp then marches to Koblenz to join the German Allies

Reims immediately openes its gates Joan of Arcs army

Influences his nephew Clement VII in refusing to annul Henry VIIIs marriage

Following the Edict of Coucy heretics had a limited six-month period to reconcile with the Catholic faith, Calvin decides that there was no future for him in France

Francis I issues the Edict of Coucy ending the persecution of Protestants who were calling for reform in the Catholic Church and displayed provocative placards attacking the Mass

Following the Edict of Coucy heretics had a limited six-month period to reconcile with the Catholic faith, Calvin decides that there was no future for him in France

Following the Edict of Coucy heretics had a limited six-month period to reconcile with the Catholic faith, Calvin decides that there was no future for him in France

Francis I issues the Edict of Coucy ending the persecution of Protestants who were calling for reform in the Catholic Church and displayed provocative placards attacking the Mass

Henry VIII crosses the Channel with an invasion force during the renewed war against France.

Burnt for heresy, a believer in Reformation she is found to have Court connections

Burnt for heresy, a believer in Reformation he is found to have Court connections

Anne Askew is burnt at Smithfield for heresy

Burnt for heresy, a believer in Reformation she is found to have Court connections

Burnt for heresy, a believer in Reformation he is found to have Court connections

Chosen as Oda Nobunaga heir at the Kiyosu Conference

Participates in the succession settlement after Oda Nobunaga death

Participates in the Kiyosu Conference over the Oda succession

Negotiations were abandoned, and the English fleet stood prepared, if ill-supplied, at Plymouth, awaiting news of Spanish movements

Negotiations were abandoned, and the English fleet stood prepared, if ill-supplied, at Plymouth, awaiting news of Spanish movements

Helps capture York for the Parliamentarians

Parliament captures York

Leads the "Ironsides" & captures York

Serves as a Lieutenant General of foot in Lord Levens Army at the siege of Newcastle

Parliament captures York

Huxelles commands the French garrison when the Imperial army begins the siege of Mainz.

Charles V of Lorraine opens the Imperial siege of the French-held fortress of Mainz.

Appointed one of the Lords Justices during William III's absence.

The Treaty of Kutchuk cedes Kerch and several other Black Sea ports in the Crimea to Russia and declared the rest of the khanate of Crimea independent

The Treaty of Kutchuk cedes Kerch and several other Black Sea ports in the Crimea to Russia and declared the rest of the khanate of Crimea independent

Under the Treaty of Kutchuk Kainardji Moldova is returned to Turkey

Moldova and Walachia were restored to the suzerainty of the sultan, but Russia obtains the right of intervening with the Sublime Porte (the sultans court) on behalf of those two principalities

Under the Treaty of Kutchuk Kainardji the Steppes are returned to Russia

Moldova and Walachia were restored to the suzerainty of the sultan, but Russia obtains the right of intervening with the Sublime Porte (the sultans court) on behalf of those two principalities

Under the Treaty of Kutchuk Kainardji Wallachia is returned to Turkey

This record states: Moldova and Walachia were restored to the suzerainty of the sultan, but Russia obtains the right of intervening with the Sublime Porte (the sultans court) on behalf of those two principalities.

This record states: Proclaimed Protectress of the Christians in the Balkans.

This record states: Russia gains access to the Black Sea & to the Straits.

This record states: Russia gains the Steppes from Turkey.

This record states: The Crimea gains its independence.

This record states: The Treaty of Kutchuk cedes Kerch and several other Black Sea ports in the Crimea to Russia and declared the rest of the khanate of Crimea independent.

The Abduction from the Seraglio premieres at the Burgtheater.

As commander of the Paris National Guard, Lafayette ordered the demolition of the captured Bastille.

Mirabeau called for the dismissal of ministers associated with the royal military concentration around Paris.

Forced to reinstate Neckar after the fall of the Bastille

The Assembly continued Louis XVI's suspension until the completed Constitution could be formally presented to him.

Adrien Duport joined the Feuillant split after the Varennes crisis.

Joins the Feuillant split after the Varennes crisis

Alexandre Lameth joined the moderate constitutional monarchist Feuillant Club.

Joins the moderate constitutional monarchist Feuillant Club

Charles Lameth joined the Feuillant split from the Jacobin Club.

Joins the Feuillant split from the Jacobin Club

Moderate constitutional monarchists leave the Jacobin Club and form the Feuillant Club after the crisis over the king

Moderate constitutional monarchists leave the Jacobin Club and form the Feuillant Club after the crisis over the king.

Antoine Pierre Joseph Marie Barnave joined moderate constitutional monarchists who leave the Jacobin Club for the Feuillants.

Joins moderate constitutional monarchists who leave the Jacobin Club for the Feuillants

The leader of the Lyons Jacobins is executed

Talleyrand became Minister of Foreign Relations with support from Barras, despite opposition from Carnot and Barthelemy.

Murillo helps establish the Junta Tuitiva in La Paz

Captures Caracas from the Spanish, gains the title of "el Libertador"

His government passes legislation allowing workers to combine over wages and hours.

His government passes legislation modifying restrictions on workers' combinations.

Becomes Bezirksamtmann in Kaufbeuren and assumes responsibility for district administration.

Declares giving equal rights to blacks in South Africa will threaten white civilization

Appointed Poet Laureate

The ISB defends Lenin against charges of splitting the party

Demonstrations begin among soldiers of the First Machine-Gun Regiment.

The July Days begin as soldiers and workers protest against the Provisional Government.

Workers and soldiers demand Soviet power as disorder spreads through Petrograd.

Workers and soldiers demand Soviet power as Trotsky supports restraint.

Shot after the possibility of rescue by white Counter-revolutionaries. It is reported that his wife, 3 daughters & son are also shot

Appointed Prime Minister of Poland

Appointed Prime Minister of Poland

Unemployment Insurance Law passed

Resembles Italian corporatism, has the enthusiastic support of the pro-fascist wing of the tenente & industrialists

Resembles Italian corporatism, has the enthusiastic support of the pro-fascist wing of the tenente & industrialists

The League of Nations capitulates and calls off the sanctions against Italy

Issues "Directive No. 16; On the Preparation of a Landing Operation against England"

Hopes news of the preparations of invasion will frighten Britain into peace negotiations

Issues "Directive No. 16; On the Preparation of a Landing Operation against England"

Issues instructions to prepare for an invasion of Britain

Drives Soviet Divisions back to the Dnieper

Drives Soviet Divisions back to the Dnieper

Says invasion should commence by mid August but the services revise this to 15th Sept

Churchill invites Hugh Dalton to establish the Special Operations Executive

Churchill invites Hugh Dalton to establish the Special Operations Executive

Stalins son is captured. In line with Russian policy soldiers captured by Germans are treated as traitors

Creates Chile Films by decree to develop a national film industry.

Appointed Commander of the Sixty Second Army

Appointed Commander of the Sixty Second Army to hold the Germans west of the River Don

Hitler moves his HQ to Vinnitsa in the Ukraine

Give the task of defending the River Don

Lombardi is seriously wounded while commanding the Brescia Division during the First Battle of El Alamein.

Proposes an Allied Conference. Convinced Italy must be invaded & Rome captured. Concerned the US will turn its attention toward the Pacific at the expense of Europe

Proposes an Allied Conference

Rommel agrees to support the plot to overthrow Hitler but not to assassinate him

Rommel agrees to support the plot to overthrow Hitler but not to assassinate him

The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico

General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3

General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3

General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3

The joint work of the scientists at Los Alamos resulted in the first artificial nuclear explosion near Alamogordo on July 16, 1945, the site of which Oppenheimer named "Trinity". The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico

The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico

With Allied leaders in Potsdam when he hears news of the succesful test explosion. Sees the atomic bomb as a means of delivering peace to the world

With Allied leaders in Potsdam when he hears news of the succesful test explosion

The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico

The joint work of the scientists at Los Alamos resulted in the first artificial nuclear explosion near Alamogordo on July 16, 1945, the site of which Oppenheimer named "Trinity". The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico

The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico

General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3

General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3

General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3

General Carl Spaatz is ordered to bomb one of the targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki as soon as weather permitted, some time after August 3

Witnesses the test nuclear explosion & says, "the war is over"

The first nuclear explosion, the "Trinity" test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico

The United States conducts the Trinity test, the first detonation of a nuclear explosive device.

Appointed Lieutenant Commander

Scores Uruguay's equalizer against Brazil before Ghiggia's winning goal.

Scores Uruguay's decisive second goal against Brazil in the final-round match.

Scores nine goals for Brazil, the highest individual total at the 1950 tournament.

Captains Uruguay in the decisive 2-1 victory over Brazil at the Maracana.

Is recognized as the outstanding player of the 1950 World Cup despite Brazil finishing runners-up.

Publication of "The Catcher in the Rye", chronicling 48 hours in the life of a teenage rebel, Holden Caulfield, as he wanders the streets of New York in a state of mental collapse, it enjoyed early, but modest success

Publication of "The Catcher in the Rye", chronicling 48 hours in the life of a teenage rebel, Holden Caulfield, as he wanders the streets of New York in a state of mental collapse, it enjoyed early, but modest success

Arrives in Jordan to discuss peace between Israel & Jordan

Rejects the Geneva accords & the elections, a decision backed up by the USA. Diem refuses to hold the reunification elections, pointing out that the State of Vietnam had not signed the Geneva Accords

Rejects the Geneva accords & the elections, a decision backed up by the USA. Diem refuses to hold the reunification elections, pointing out that the State of Vietnam had not signed the Geneva Accords

Appointed Prime Minister of Southern Vietnam, 2nd term

Establishes the President's Council on Youth Fitness to promote physical fitness among American young people.

The World Court rules in South Africas favour for it to retain control

Pilots Columbia during transposition and docking with lunar module Eagle after translunar injection.

Launches toward the Moon with Armstrong and Collins.

Commands Apollo 11 as it launches for the Moon.

Launches with Armstrong and Aldrin on Apollo 11.

Directs the Apollo program as Apollo 11 launches.

Commands Apollo 11 as the Saturn V third stage sends the spacecraft toward the Moon.

Honduras accepts an OAS ceasefire but El Salvador continues fighting

Of the 300,000 Salvadorian workers in Honduras, tens of thousands are expelled, prompting the Salvadorian army to invade Honduras, the OAS eventually work out a cease-fire. Honduras accepts an OAS ceasefire but El Salvador continues fighting

Jalloud succeeds Gaddafi as prime minister while the Revolutionary Command Council retains authority.

The Armed Services Committee begins its hearings on the secret bombing of Kampuchea

Butterfield is put before the full Special Senate Committee to put the taping system on the record

Butterfield is put before the full Special Senate Committee to put the taping system on the record

Publicly confirms before the Senate Watergate Committee that presidential conversations were automatically recorded in several White House locations.

Leads the committee as it votes unanimously to subpoena presidential recordings and documents that could test conflicting Watergate testimony.

Ends operation of the remaining White House recording system after Alexander Butterfield publicly discloses its existence to the Senate Watergate Committee.

Releases On the Beach, a bleak and influential album from his mid-1970s period.

Appointed President of Iraq, announced by al-Bakr on the eve of 17th July celebrations

Officially retires for health reasons

Saddam, Adnan, a cousin, & Tulfah, an uncle, threaten Bakr in the Presidential Palace

Adnan, a cousin, & Tulfah, an uncle, threaten Bakr in the Presidential Palace

Adnan, a cousin, & Tulfah, an uncle, threaten Bakr in the Presidential Palace

Appointed President of Iraq, announced by al-Bakr

Bakr announces his resignation

Bakr announces his resignation

President Asad of Syria visits Saddam Hussein to discuss Iraqi & Syrian unification

President Asad of Syria visits Saddam Hussein to discuss Iraqi & Syrian unification

Finishes a close second at the Warrington by-election for the new SDP.

Runs 1500 meters in 3 mins 29.67 secs

The Ukrainian Parliament votes for sovereignty

The Ukrainian Parliament votes for sovereignty

Frank Savage becomes Governor of Montserrat

Beardsley re-joins Newcastle for pounds 1.4 million, where his old team-mate and strike partner Kevin Keegan is manager

Beardsley re-joins Newcastle for pounds 1.4 million, where his old team-mate and strike partner Kevin Keegan is manager

Galileo observes Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts on Jupiter's far side from a unique spacecraft viewpoint.

Fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 begin colliding with Jupiter, producing enormous atmospheric scars.

Is elected president of Real Madrid and begins his first term leading the club.

Burnham joins the Health Select Committee early in his parliamentary career.

Bangladesh police arrest former PM Sheikh Hasina on extortion charges

I participates in national development connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Meets Russian President Vladimir Putin in Helsinki.

Scores twice against Villarreal as Real Madrid mathematically secure the league championship.

Coaches Real Madrid to their thirty-fourth Spanish league championship.

Komsic takes the rotating chairmanship of the Presidency

Komsic again takes the rotating chairmanship of the Presidency

Starmer visits Kyiv and reaffirms British support for Ukraine during his final week in office.

ONS estimates that GDP grew by 0.7 percent in the three months to May 2026

Birth of France's Brandon, future mother of Lady Jane Grey. Birth of France's Brandon, daughter of Charles Brandon & Mary Tudor

Birth of Roald Amundsen

Death of Anne Askew, executed

Anne Askew is burnt at Smithfield for heresy

The leader of the Lyons Jacobins is executed

The leader of the Lyons Jacobins is executed.

Shot after the possibility of rescue by white Counter-revolutionaries. It is reported that his wife, 3 daughters & son are also shot

Death of Heinrich Boll

Dies after a career that made him one of hard rock's most influential keyboard players.

The Almohad host came in view, Alfonso found himself outnumbered but rashly formed his army next day, offering battle, instead of retreating towards Talavera, which the Leonese troops had already reached

Catherine makes Russia the dominant power in south-eastern Europe after her war against the Ottoman Empire which see major victories at Chesma and Kagul

Catherine makes Russia the dominant power in south-eastern Europe after her war against the Ottoman Empire which see major victories at Chesma and Kagul

This record states: Between 16 and 19 July, Spanish forces converged on the French positions stretched out along villages on the Guadalquivir and attacked at several points, forcing the confused French defenders to shift their divisions.

This record states: Caught between Castanos and Reding, Dupont attempted vainly to break through the Spanish line at Baylen in three bloody and desperate charges, losing more than 2,500 men.

This record states: With Castanos pinning Dupont downstream at Andujar, Reding successfully forced the river at Mengibar and seized Baylen, interposing himself between the two wings of the French army.

This record states: Between 16 and 19 July, Spanish forces converged on the French positions stretched out along villages on the Guadalquivir and attacked at several points, forcing the confused French defenders to shift their divisions.

This record states: Caught between Castanos and Reding, Dupont attempted vainly to break through the Spanish line at Baylen in three bloody and desperate charges, losing more than 2,500 men.

This record states: With Castanos pinning Dupont downstream at Andujar, Reding successfully forced the river at Mengibar and seized Baylen, interposing himself between the two wings of the French army.

This record states: Between 16 and 19 July, Spanish forces converged on the French positions stretched out along villages on the Guadalquivir and attacked at several points, forcing the confused French defenders to shift their divisions.

This record states: Caught between Castanos and Reding, Dupont attempted vainly to break through the Spanish line at Baylen in three bloody and desperate charges, losing more than 2,500 men.

This record states: With Castanos pinning Dupont downstream at Andujar, Reding successfully forced the river at Mengibar and seized Baylen, interposing himself between the two wings of the French army.

Hopes that news of the preparations would frighten Britain into peace negotiations, issues "Directive No. 16; On the Preparation of a Landing Operation against England"

Issues Directive No. 16 ordering preparations for Operation Sea Lion.

Makes air superiority over Britain a prerequisite for the planned invasion.

The Germans fail to hold Kursk

Crowned in Westminster Abbey, 10 yr old grandson of Edward III

Crowns Richard II at Westminster Abbey