July 24 in History

Assassination of Oswulf

Emperor Frederick falls on his knees before Pope Alexander III & obtains absolution

The Emperor Frederick falls on his knees before Alexander III & obtains absolution

Henry VIIIs 7th Parliament closes

The pro-French and Catholic faction around Cardinal Beaton opposes the English marriage policy.

Mary Queen of Scots is forced to abdicate & name James her succesor

Captures Namur following disorder in the industrial cities

The Governor Don John captures Namur

Leads a successful siege in Northamptonshire against the Countess of Essex

Prince William complains of illness after his eleventh birthday celebrations at Windsor.

Noailles is sent by Orleans to discover Philip Vs ambitions for the French throne

Noailles is sent by Orleans to find out Philip Vs ambitions for the French throne

Charles writes to Louis XV, saying he had been informed that England could be retaken without civil war as it was stripped of soldiers

Diderot is confined at Vincennes because of his controversial philosophical writings.

Leads an unsuccessful attack on Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

Napoleon entered Cairo after the Battle of the Pyramids and began organising French administration in Egypt.

Promulgates legislation completing the abolition of slavery in Chile.

Publicly advances the theory of a widespread prehistoric glacial period.

Presents evidence that extensive ancient ice once covered large regions.

Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan

After initial successes at Goito and Peschiera, decisively defeated at the Battle of Custoza by Radetzky

Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan

Appointed President of Ecuador

Bratianu begins a long Liberal premiership during independence and kingdom-building.

The government organized national ceremonies marking the centenary of Simon Bolivar's birth.

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 3rd term,

Howse rides into heavy fire to rescue a wounded bugler and later receives the Victoria Cross for the action.

Begins the Deuntzer Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

The Sehested Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

The Kristjan Jonsson Ministry ends, concluding this period as Minister for Iceland.

The Belgian Army retreats from the Gette on Antwerp

The German Government submit a note to Entente Governments approving Austrian ultimatum to Serbia

The German Government submit a note to Entente Governments approving Austrian ultimatum to Serbia

Approves coordinated Allied operations that lead into the Amiens attack.

Decides to free the Paris-Verdun, Paris-Amiens & Verdun-Arricourt routes. Conference of all the commanders-in-chief to consider allied operations, all present proposals for the employment of allied armies

Coordinates Allied plans for limited offensives, including operations around Amiens.

Takes part in Allied planning before the Amiens Offensive, as Foch coordinates operations for the Western Front.

Appointed Prime Minister of Poland, 1st term

League approval confirms British mandates in the Middle East.

League approval confirms French mandates in Syria and Lebanon.

The Treaty of Lausanne replaces the Treaty of Sevres. The Greeks are defeated at Smyrna & the Allies drop claims to mainland Turkey. The Allies are driven out of Turkey & land up to the Maritza River is restored. 1st major revision of the Treaty of Versailles

The Lausanne settlement replaces the unratified Sevres settlement.

Represents Turkey at the negotiations for the Treaty of Lausanne

Gonatas's government accepts the settlement defining Greece's postwar frontiers.

The Treaty of Lausanne replaces the Treaty of Sevres

The Durruti Column, led by Durruti, leaves Barcelona & heads for the Aragon front

The Popular Army launches the Ebro Offensive

The Popular Army launches the Ebro Offensive

Captures Novocherkasak

The Germans capture Rostov

The Germans capture Rostov

Presses for a Fascist Grand Council meeting as Italy's military and political crisis deepens.

Presents the order of the day that challenges Mussolini's leadership at the Fascist Grand Council.

Faces the first meeting of the Fascist Grand Council since 1939 as senior Fascists challenge his leadership.

Introduces a motion calling for restoration of the King's constitutional military authority.

Bomber Command uses Window during attacks on Hamburg.

Supports use of chaff to confuse German radar.

Appointed Commander of the Army Group South Ukraine

Appointed Commander of the Army Group South Ukraine

Appointed Commander of the Army Group North

Appointed Commander of the Army Group South Ukraine

Appointed Commander of the Army Group South Ukraine

Operation Cobra is postponed for a 2nd time

The High Command keep forces in Calais beleiving there will be a larger invasion there

President Harry S. Truman discloses to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin that the United States has atomic weapons, Stalin feigns little surprise; he already knows this through espionage

President Harry S. Truman discloses to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin that the United States has atomic weapons, Stalin feigns little surprise; he already knows this through espionage

Groves drafts the directive authorising atomic attacks when bomb availability and weather permit, listing Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata and Nagasaki.

Decides to drop the A-bomb on Hiroshima

The US, Britain & Nationalist China calls for unconditional Japanese surrender

USA, Britain & Nationalist China calls for unconditional Japanese surrender. The US, Britain & Nationalist China calls for unconditional Japanese surrender

President Harry S. Truman discloses to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin that the United States has atomic weapons, Stalin feigns little surprise; he already knows this through espionage

President Harry S. Truman discloses to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin that the United States has atomic weapons, Stalin feigns little surprise; he already knows this through espionage

President Harry S. Truman discloses to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin that the United States has atomic weapons, Stalin feigns little surprise; he already knows this through espionage

Plays for Germany in a 4-2 extra-time Olympic quarter-final victory over Brazil at Töölön Pallokenttä in Helsinki.

Plays for Germany in a 4-2 extra-time Olympic quarter-final victory over Brazil at Töölön Pallokenttä in Helsinki.

Plays for Germany in a 4-2 extra-time Olympic quarter-final victory over Brazil at Töölön Pallokenttä in Helsinki.

Plays for Germany in a 4-2 extra-time Olympic quarter-final victory over Brazil at Töölön Pallokenttä in Helsinki.

Plays for Germany in a 4-2 extra-time Olympic quarter-final victory over Brazil at Töölön Pallokenttä in Helsinki.

Plays for Germany in a 4-2 extra-time Olympic quarter-final victory over Brazil at Töölön Pallokenttä in Helsinki.

Plays for Germany in a 4-2 extra-time Olympic quarter-final victory over Brazil at Töölön Pallokenttä in Helsinki.

Plays for Germany in a 4-2 extra-time Olympic quarter-final victory over Brazil at Töölön Pallokenttä in Helsinki.

Plays for Germany in a 4-2 extra-time Olympic quarter-final victory over Brazil at Töölön Pallokenttä in Helsinki.

Plays for Germany in a 4-2 extra-time Olympic quarter-final victory over Brazil at Töölön Pallokenttä in Helsinki.

Plays for Germany in a 4-2 extra-time Olympic quarter-final victory over Brazil at Töölön Pallokenttä in Helsinki.

Forms a government immediately after the Free Officers seize power.

Creates Banco del Estado de Chile by merging several public financial institutions.

Breaks the world land speed record

The Fourth Olafur Thors Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.

Begins the Fifth Hermann Jonasson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.

Debates Vice President Richard Nixon at the American National Exhibition over consumer living standards and rival political systems.

The astronauts return to Earth, welcomed as heroes

Pilots Columbia through the return phase before Apollo 11 splashes down in the Pacific.

Returns safely to Earth after the first Moon landing.

Accepts the American Rogers Plan and extends the ceasefire during the War of Attrition.

Sings on Time and a Word, the second Yes album.

Plays keyboards on Time and a Word before the band expands its progressive ambitions.

The supreme court rules Nixon cannot withhold evidence in criminal proceedings. The Supreme Court orders Nixon to submit 64 unreleased white House tapes

Announces the Supreme Court's unanimous decision requiring Nixon to provide subpoenaed recordings, rejecting an absolute presidential privilege against judicial process.

Borg marries tennis pro Mariana Simionescu

Rajai wins the presidential election held after Banisadr's removal from office

France recalls its Ambassador from South Africa & suspends investment

Rajiv Gandhi and Harchand Singh Longowal sign an accord intended to address major political grievances in Punjab.

John Major becomes Foreign Secretary. Howe becomes Lord President of the Council, Leader of the Commons & Deputy PM

Appointed Foreign Secretary

Appointed Leader of the House of Commons

Appointed Lord President of the Council

Appointed Deputy Prime Minister to Margaret Thatcher

Manmohan Singh presents a reform budget that reduces controls, opens the economy and addresses a severe balance-of-payments crisis.

Rao's government announces a new industrial policy that dismantles much of the industrial licensing system.

Answers parliamentary questions concerning pollution control.

A Palestinian suicide bomber blows up a crowded commuter bus in Tel Aviv and kills six Israelis and wounded 28, Hamas take responsibility

A Palestinian suicide bomber blows up a crowded commuter bus in Tel Aviv and kills six Israelis and wounded 28, Hamas take responsibility

A Palestinian suicide bomber blows up a crowded commuter bus in Tel Aviv and kills six Israelis and wounded 28, Hamas take responsibility

A Palestinian suicide bomber blows up a crowded commuter bus in Tel Aviv and kills six Israelis and wounded 28, Hamas take responsibility

A Palestinian suicide bomber blows up a crowded commuter bus in Tel Aviv and kills six Israelis and wounded 28, Hamas take responsibility

A Palestinian suicide bomber blows up a crowded commuter bus in Tel Aviv and kills six Israelis and wounded 28, Hamas take responsibility

Becomes the central signing of Real Madrid's new project.

Moves directly from Barcelona to Real Madrid.

Appointed President of Albania

Appointed President of Albania

Dunga is named as the new national coach of the Brazilian national team as a replacement for Carlos Alberto Parreira, even though he has no prior coaching experience at professional level

Former Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina is charged with extortion for allegedly demanding hundreds of thousands of dollars from a company seeking to build a power station

Mission scientists conclude that nitrogen, carbon monoxide and methane ices can flow across Pluto at its extremely low temperatures.

New Horizons images show nitrogen-rich ices flowing across Pluto in glacier-like patterns, evidence of recent geologic activity.

Backlit New Horizons images reveal multiple atmospheric haze layers extending far above Pluto.

New Horizons detects ethylene and acetylene in Pluto's atmosphere, compounds involved in forming its complex haze particles.

New Horizons finds Pluto's atmospheric surface pressure lower than estimates derived from earlier Earth-based observations.

Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer by Boris Johnson.

Appointed Foreign Secretary by Boris Johnson.

Appointed Home Secretary by Boris Johnson.

Becomes Prime Minister promising to deliver Brexit.

Starmer answers questions in the Commons for the first time as Prime Minister.

Birth of Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, only son of the 11th Earl of Shrewsbury and his second wife, formerly Lady Anne-Marie Brudenell, a daughter of Second Earl of Cardigan

Birth of Simon Bolivar

Assassination of Oswulf

Death of Carlos, 7 months after being arrested by his father Philip II

Death of Carlos, Philips son, 7 months after being arrested

Peter Sellers dies in London aged 54.

Villars wins a decisive victory over Eugene's forces at Denain and changes the course of the war.

Wins at Denain and improves France's position.

Gathers 10,000 infantry & 1,000 cavalry within striking distance of Aboukir. Decides to strike at the Turkish Army. Claims the battle will, "decide the fate of the world"

Sits tight for 2 weeks on the beaches due to extensive sickness. Assembles 10,000 infantry & 1,000 cavalry within striking distance of Aboukir

After initial successes at Goito and Peschiera, decisively defeated at the Battle of Custoza by Radetzky

Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzkys occupation of Milan. Radetzky drives Charles Albert out of Lombardy. Commands the Austrian army which defeats the Sardinians

Goeben defeats the VIII Federal Corps during fighting along the Tauber.

Scotlands 1st Protestant coronation, the "mother tongue" of Scotland is used. Scotlands 1st Protestant coronation. Crowned in accordance with Protestant rites in Holyrood Church