October 14 in History

William deploys his army below the English position at Senlac with archers, infantry and cavalry arranged for a combined assault.

Odo is depicted rallying Norman soldiers during the Battle of Hastings as the fighting becomes uncertain.

Odo remains with William's army during the decisive engagement and is shown among the leaders encouraging the troops.

The Norman army suffers losses but holds the field after the battle

William's cavalry turns on English soldiers who have left the protection of the shield wall during the pursuit.

The English army is defeated after a day of fighting near Hastings

Harold II deploys the English shield wall on the ridge above the battlefield

William deploys infantry archers and cavalry against the English position

William's army finally penetrates the weakened English position after prolonged fighting throughout the day.

Harold's troops hold their hilltop position through repeated Norman attacks during many hours of fighting.

Norman cavalry tactics draw some English fighters away from the ridge

William combines renewed archery with cavalry attacks during the final phase of the struggle against Harold's line.

William's first attacks fail to break the English shield wall defending the ridge above the battlefield.

William personally commands the Norman centre while allied contingents occupy the flanks of his battle line.

Eustace fights on William's side at Hastings and survives the battle that defeats Harold's English army.

Norman forces exploit English pursuit during retreats and counterattack troops drawn away from the defensive ridge.

The Bayeux Tapestry ends with English troops fleeing after William's victory at Hastings.

William wins the Battle of Hastings, eliminating Harold's field army but not yet securing control of England.

William's troops pursue fleeing English forces after Harold's death ends organised resistance on the battlefield.

William's forces use further withdrawals to draw English fighters downhill and weaken the defensive shield wall.

The English housecarls hold a dense shield wall against repeated Norman attacks

Harold deploys his army on the ridge in a dense shield wall designed to resist Norman infantry and cavalry.

William wins the Battle of Hastings and opens the way to the English throne

Odo survives the Battle of Hastings and shares in the victory that opens the road to William's coronation.

William raises his helmet and rides among his troops after a rumour spreads that he has been killed.

William removes or raises his helmet so retreating troops can see that he remains alive and in command.

Court accepts Balliols claim to follow the primogeniture laws of England & Scotland

Rochester is the poorest diocese in England and is seen as a first step on an ecclesiastical career, but Fisher stayed there, presumably by his own choice, for the remaining 31 years of his life. By Papal Bull Fisher is appointed Bishop of Rochester at the personal insistence of Henry VII

By Papal Bull Fisher is appointed Bishop of Rochester at the personal insistence of Henry VII

The Lincolnshire Rising collapses after Henry VIII orders the rebels to disperse or face royal force.

Swept from power & imprisoned by a coalition led by Warwick

Winchester's Royalist stronghold falls after Cromwell's assault on Basing House.

Cromwell takes part in the storming of Basing House, removing a major Royalist stronghold controlling routes west of London.

Cromwell storms Basing House and ends one of the strongest Royalist garrisons in southern England.

Liège surrenders to the Allies during Marlborough's Meuse campaign.

Charles captures Thorn after the garrison capitulates.

Takes Thorn after a prolonged siege.

Helps take Barcelona for Archduke Charles.

Peterborough helps capture Barcelona for the Habsburg claimant Charles.

Appointed Governor and Commander-in-chief of Newfoundland, with the rank of Commodore, it being usual at that time to appoint a naval officer, chiefly on account of the fishery interests

Appointed Governor and Commander-in-chief of Newfoundland, with the rank of Commodore, it being usual at that time to appoint a naval officer, chiefly on account of the fishery interests

The Declaration of Rights & Grievances is adopted by the Continental Congress

The Declaration of Rights & Grievances is adopted by the Continental Congress

The 4th French war with Austria is ended by the Treaty of Schonbrunn

The 4th French war with Austria is ended by the Treaty of Schonbrunn. Francis I cedes lands in Poland & along the Adriatic

The 4th French war with Austria is ended by the Treaty of Schonbrunn

Stephenson’s Rocket wins the Rainhill Trials for the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.

The Second Emil Stang Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.

Begins the First Francis Hagerup Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.

FitzClarence leads a successful sortie from Mafeking to assist an armoured train attacked by Boer forces.

Sets sail in the Dunnotar Castle for South Africa

Sets sail in the Dunnotar Castle for South Africa

Mafeking is besieged until British relief arrives in May 1900.

Leaves on the Dunnotar Castle for South Africa as a War Correspondent for the Daily Mail

Leads the search for Scott's missing polar party.

The Germans capture Ostend

Faces an Afrikaner revolt against the invasion of German South West Africa.

Helps organise loyalist forces against the rebels.

The Canadian Expeditionary Force of 32,000 lands at Plymouth

Ends the Russo-Finnish war over Karelia, Finland makes a small territorial gain

Directs Faust, one of the last major German silent fantasy films.

Withdraws Germany from disarmament talks and the League.

Announces Germany's withdrawal from the League of Nations and the Geneva Disarmament Conference.

Germany leaves the League of Nations, because it cannot fully rearm

Advises Hitler to withdraw from the League of Nations

Handles the diplomatic consequences as Germany leaves the League of Nations and the disarmament negotiations.

Takes command of 8th Infantry Division in Palestine after promotion to major-general.

Offers Finland land but the strategic loss causes the Fins to refuse

A U-47 penetrates the British anchorage & sinks the Royal Oak

The Royal Oak is sunk in Scapa Flow

Royal Oak lost 835 officers and men after U-47 penetrated Scapa Flow and torpedoed the battleship during the night.

Royal Oak's loss inside Scapa Flow exposed weaknesses in the anchorage defences and prompted rapid strengthening of the naval base.

Britain and France agree not to sign a separate peace with Germany

Captures Kalinin severing the Leningrad-Moscow railway line

The 10th Panzer Division & SS Das Reich reach Borodino, 70 miles from Moscow

1st Panzer Division captures Kalinin 100 niles outside Moscow

Reaches Tula & threatens Moscow from the south

This record states: As a result, on 10 October 1942, Luftflotte Fours Fliegerkorps IV was ordered to send every available bomber against the oilfields at Grozny.

This record states: He was now down to 232, of which only 129 were combat ready.

This record states: Hitler called for the air offensive to be carried out no later than 14 October, as he required air assets for a major effort at Stalingrad.

This record states: The air fleet was in poor shape by this time.

This record states: Von Richthofen had begun Case Blue with 323 serviceable bombers out of a total of 480.

Bierut accepts the Curzon Line as the proper basis for the Soviet-Polish frontier and seeks Allied support for Polish gains in the west.

The Gestapo give Rommel the choice of a trial or suicide disguised as a heart attack. Rommel decides to poison himself

The Gestapo give Rommel the choice of a trial or suicide disguised as a heart attack

Churchill confirms with Stalin that they will support Polish claims to compensating territory in the north and west if the eastern frontier follows the Curzon basis.

Begins the Northwest Campaign against French posts

The government combines western provinces into the single province of West Pakistan.

Meets senior ministers as British policy moves closer to coordinated action with France and Israel

The Soviet consulate issued Oswald a visa on October 14, 1959, permitting a single visit of no more than six days.

The Central Committee plenum adopts a new Party programme replacing that of 1919

The revolutionary government nationalizes most remaining large private businesses

The new party programme describes the CPSU as the party of the whole people rather than solely the proletariat.

Defined as a party of the whole people rather than a dictatorship of the proletariat

Heyser flew a U-2 mission that obtained 928 photographs during a six-minute pass over western Cuba.

A U-2 spy photographs the secret site where Russian missiles will be located in Cuba

Linnie Mae Randle told Paine that the Texas School Book Depository might need additional order fillers because Randle's brother had recently been hired there.

During coffee with neighbors on October 14, Paine discussed Oswald's unemployment while Marina Oswald was present.

Oswald rented a room at 1026 North Beckley Avenue on October 14, 1963, registering under the name O. H. Lee.

Roberts rents a room to Lee Harvey Oswald

When Oswald telephoned that evening, Paine told him that Roy Truly had agreed to interview him at the Texas School Book Depository.

Ruth Paine telephoned the Texas School Book Depository on October 14 and spoke with Roy Truly about possible employment for Lee Harvey Oswald.

Paine telephoned the Texas School Book Depository and spoke with superintendent Roy Truly about possible employment for Oswald.

Dismissed as First Party Secretary by a Central Committee plenum

Succeeds Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Communist Party.

Helps organize the party leadership move that removes Nikita Khrushchev from power.

The youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, which is awarded to him for leading non-violent resistance to end racial prejudice in the United States

Appointed Prime Minister of Russia

Is removed as Communist Party First Secretary by the Central Committee and replaced by Leonid Brezhnev.

Uses his Conservative Party conference speech to argue for a defence policy centred on Britain's European and NATO commitments.

Release I Can See for Miles.

Leads the first live television broadcast from an American crewed spacecraft.

Authorizes a major American airlift of military supplies to Israel.

Appointed Prime Minister of Norway, 2nd term

Commands Egyptian armored forces during the failed eastward offensive in Sinai.

Opposes the eastward armored offensive that moves beyond Egyptian missile cover.

Egyptian armored forces move eastward in Sinai before being repulsed by Israeli defenses.

The Egyptian eastward offensive in Sinai is repulsed with heavy tank losses.

Announces in the Commons that the Governments inflation policy has been abandoned

Britains trade deficit in September is reported to be 365 million pounds

Announces in the Commons that the Governments inflation policy has been abandoned

Tells Callaghan to, "keep taking the tablets", after Peter Jay compares him to Moses

Co-produces Heroes, using Berlin studio atmosphere and distinctive recording techniques.

Plays guitar on Holidays in the Sun, the final single released before the album.

Sings Holidays in the Sun, drawing on the band's experience of Berlin and Cold War imagery.

Appears as lead vocalist on Seconds Out, documenting the post-Gabriel live band.

Tells Callaghan to, "keep taking the tablets", after Peter Jay compares him to Moses

Beheshti helps secure approval of constitutional provisions giving ultimate authority to a religious jurist

Appointed Chairman of the National Democratic Party (NDP)

The First Gro Harlem Brundtland Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.

Begins the Kåre Willoch Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.

Assumes the presidency after a national referendum following Sadat's assassination.

Becomes acting President after Sadat's assassination and is confirmed by referendum.

Appointed Prime Minister of Norway

Defends the German-Italian initiative for stronger European political cooperation before the European Parliament.

Venera 16 joins Venera 15 in radar mapping northern Venus through its permanently opaque cloud cover.

The DJIA dropped 95.46 points (a then record) to 2412.70, and fell another 58 points the next day, down over 12% from the August 25 all-time high

The DJIA dropped 95.46 points (a then record) to 2412.70, and fell another 58 points the next day, down over 12% from the August 25 all-time high

Bluetonic reaches the UK Top Twenty as The Bluetones build momentum before their debut album.

Musharraf issues a provisional order governing the post-coup constitutional system.

Chirac hosted European leaders as they endorsed the draft Charter of Fundamental Rights.

Jozo Krizanovic becomes Croat member of the Presidency

Paulson uses TARP authority to purchase preferred shares in major financial institutions.

Brown announces additional British troops subject to allied and equipment commitments.

The General National Congress elects Zeidan to form a new government.

The Chemical Weapons Convention enters into force for Syria, making it a State Party to the treaty.

Shares the Booker Prize for The Testaments.

Shares the Booker Prize for Girl, Woman, Other.

The Erna Solberg Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.

NASA launches Europa Clipper toward Jupiter to investigate whether Europa has conditions suitable for life.

NASA launches Europa Clipper toward the Jovian system.

Starmer hosts business leaders and promotes investment in British infrastructure and industry.

Birth of James II, son of Charles I & Henrietta Maria

Birth of Bahadur Shah I, second son of the emperor Aurangzeb through the daughter of Raja Raju

Birth of Ferdinand, son of Charles IV & Maria Luisa

Birth of Ferdinand, son of Charles IV & Maria Luisa

Birth of Sese Seko Mobutu

Birth of Steve Cram

Death of Edwiin, killed in battle by Penda of Mercia & Cadwallon King of Gwynedd

Harold is killed during the final phase of the Battle of Hastings, leaving the English army without its king.

Death of Gyrth, killed at the Battle of Hastings

Gyrth Godwinson is killed during the Battle of Hastings

Harold is killed during the final fighting, and the English army loses the leadership needed to continue organized resistance.

Harold II is killed and the English army collapses at Hastings

The final battle scenes portray Harold's death and the collapse of English resistance.

Death of Harold II, killed at the Battle of Hastings

Killed alongside his brothers Harold and Gyrth in the Battle of Hastings

Leofwine Godwinson is killed during the Battle of Hastings

A rumour that William has been killed spreads during a retreat and threatens the cohesion of the Norman army.

Death of Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel, forced to take poison

Death of Errol Flynn

Death of Julius Nyerere

Death of Julius Kambarage Nyerere

The forces of Penda of Mercia & Cadwallon defeat the Nortumbrian Army & kill Edwin

Defeated & killed by Cadwallon & Penda of Mercia

Penda of Mercia & Cadwallon of north Wales defeat the Northumbria. After victory at Hatfield Chase Penda becomes King of Mercia

William sends archers forward at the opening of the battle before infantry and cavalry attack the English ridge.

Odo of Bayeux takes part in the Norman victory at Hastings

Eustace of Boulogne fights with the French and Norman forces at Hastings

Breton troops fight on Williams flank during the Battle of Hastings

William FitzOsbern serves among Williams leading commanders at Hastings

Commands some of William the Conquerors forces at the Battle of Hastings

Commands some of William the Conquerors forces at the Battle of Hastings

The embroidery identifies Gyrth among Harold's brothers killed during the Battle of Hastings.

The embroidery identifies Leofwine among Harold's brothers killed during the Battle of Hastings.

Killed alongside his brothers Harold and Gyrth in the Battle of Hastings

Fights with his brother Harold I at the Battle of Hastings, killed in battle

Victory goes to the Normans whose cavalry overcomes the Anglo Saxon foot soldiers. The Battle takes place just 3 days after the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Harold is killed in batlle

Hears of Williams advance & forms a defensive position on Senlac ridge

Harold loses his element of surprise & the Normans attack

The Bayeux Tapestry depicts Odo rallying Norman soldiers with a club during the battle.

Assists his half-brother William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings

Commands some of William the Conquerors forces at the Battle of Hastings

Assists his half-brother William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings

Commands some of William the Conquerors forces at the Battle of Hastings

Marches from Hastings & reaches Telhan Hill 1 mile from Harold. Marches 7 miles from north of Hastings to confront Harold & catch him by surprise. Fields 4,000 Normans, 1,500 Flemings & 2,000 Bretons. Commands the Norman centre. Carries a mace & wears the relics upon which Harold had sworn his oath. Battle commences at 9 am when William orders his archers to fire at the English line

Harold loses his element of surprise & the Normans attack

The embroidery portrays William lifting his helmet to show his troops that he remained alive.

William divides his army into Breton, Norman, and Frankish-Flemish divisions before the Battle of Hastings.

Villars defeats the Imperial army near Friedlingen and strengthens French morale on the Rhine.

Villars defeats the Imperial army near Friedlingen.

Commands of the battleship Eagle 60, and in this ship takes part in Hawkes victory off Ushant over the French fleet

Ends hopes of a quick war but the Saxons capitulate. Encounters stronger resistance than expected at Pirna

Frefericks Army is forced to escape via a route opened up by von Ziethenss cavalry. Austria wins the Battle of Hochkirk & Frederick keeps Saxony & Silesia

Frefericks Army is forced to escape via a route opened up by von Ziethenss cavalry

Fights at the Battle of Jena

Wins a French victory & is created a Duke

Defeats the forces of Frederick William III

Prussia loses 25,000 killed & wounded & 25,000 taken prisoner. Prussia is forced to concede land west of the Elbe

Prussia is defeated at Jena by the French

Commands a Prussian army which is defeated by Napoleon

Distimguishes himself at the Battle of Jena

Heads the pursuit of the Prussians

Defeats the Prussians before the arrival of the Russians

Fights at the Battle of Jena

Commands a division at Jena

Captured by Napoleon

The Dardanelles Committee decides to recall Hamilton

The Dardanelles Committee decides to recall Hamilton, his last generals command

The 2nd Allied attack of the Battle of Flanders commences