April 21 in History

Celebrates the 900th anniversary of the foundation of Rome

Celebrates the nine-hundredth anniversary of Rome.

Henry VI lands in Calais to claim the French throne

Accedes to the throne on the day of the death of his father Henry VII

Succeeds as King of England after the death of Henry VII.

Henry VII's death leaves the throne to his seventeen-year-old son, who succeeds as Henry VIII.

Sent to the Tower for refusing to take the oath of succession

John Fisher is arrested for refusing to take the oath of succession

Sent to the Tower for refusing to take the oath of succession. Like Thomas More, Fisher takes the line that since the statute condemns only those speaking maliciously against the King's new title, there is safety in silence

Resigns the Great Seal

The Commons advances a bill of attainder after difficulties proving statutory treason.

Lenthall presides during decisive Commons proceedings against Strafford.

Strode supports parliamentary action intended to secure Strafford's conviction.

Haselrig supports replacing the difficult impeachment with a bill of attainder.

Lichfield surrenders to Rupert & the route from York to Oxford is opened for the Queen

Lichfield surrenders to Rupert & the route from York to Oxford is opened for the Queen

Captures most of Montrose for the Royalists

Resigns as Foreign Secretary amid the Russian armament crisis

Observes an electric current deflecting a nearby compass needle.

Establishes an experimental connection between electricity and magnetism.

The First Bluhme Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Ørsted Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Charles Stewart Parnell is first elected to the House of Commons (the lower level of British legislature), as a Home Rule League Member of Parliament for Meath

Charles Stewart Parnell is first elected to the House of Commons (the lower level of British legislature), as a Home Rule League Member of Parliament for Meath

The Second Johannes Steen Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.

Begins the First Otto Blehr Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.

His war aims note intensifies Soviet opposition.

Helps manage Soviet authority during the April crisis.

Helps steer Bolshevik responses during the demonstrations

Appeals for order as demonstrations challenge the government and Soviet leaders

Appeals for order as demonstrations challenge the government.

Argues for preserving coalition influence over the revolution.

Works to restrain demonstrations and preserve Soviet influence.

Tsereteli works within the Soviet to calm political unrest.

1st Bolshevik demonstrations in Petrograd & Moscow

1st Bolshevik demonstrations in Petrograd & Moscow

Survives the crisis caused by Milyukov’s war aims note.

Kerensky survives the political crisis caused by Milyukov's war aims note and supports a compromise between the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet.

Begins the Second Zahle Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Lloyd George receives Allied proposals defining a provisional eastern limit for Polish administration north of Kholm while reserving claims farther east.

Returns to the Commons by winning the Wakefield by-election for Labour.

Tsouderos forms a government as German forces advance into Greece.

Registers for national service

Shoots himself in woods near Rattingen, buried where he had shot himself under an oak

Russian troops reach the suburbs of Berlin

Flees from the bunker & escapes to Bavaria

Signs a Soviet treaty with the Polish provisional government as disputes continue over implementation of the Yalta settlement.

Shoots himself in woods near Rattingen, buried where he had shot himself under an oak. Death of Otto Moritz Walter Model, commits suicide

Provides cyanide capsules to Hitler. Kills himself by taking a cyanide capsule in the bunker. Death of Ludwig Stumpfegger, suicide

Appointed General Secretary of the SED, Socialist Unity Party

Appointed General Secretary of the SED, Socialist Unity Party

Appointed General Secretary of the SED, Socialist Unity Party

The United States announces plans to establish a Military Assistance Advisory Group in Taiwan to strengthen Nationalist defense capabilities.

Concludes a defence agreement with Saudi Arabia amid growing regional tensions.

Signs a defence agreement with Saudi Arabia as Egypt expands regional military cooperation.

Presents the Spaak Report recommending a common market and atomic energy community.

Snoy contributes to the Belgian delegation's work behind the Spaak Report on the common market and Euratom.

Paratroopers of the French Foreign Legion occupy the public buildings in Algiers

Kennedy states that responsibility for the operation rests with the President.

Dennison continues naval and aerial searches for scattered brigade survivors.

The FBI's New York office was advised that Oswald had contacted the Fair Play for Cuba Committee and claimed to have distributed its literature in Dallas.

President Johnson raises America's combat strength in Vietnam to more than 60,000

The Queen's Speech includes the nationalization of steel

The Queen's Speech includes the nationalization of steel

Constitutional rule is suspended

Helps a coup placing Brigadier General Styliano Patakos in power. Constitutional rule is suspended. Arrests George Papanreou & his son Andreas

Edward Heath dismisses him from the Conservative shadow cabinet one day after the controversial Birmingham immigration speech.

The SPO forms a minority Government with Bruno Kreisky as Chancellor

Transfers from Prime Minister to President under the republican constitution

Khmer Parliament confers the rank of Marshal on Lon Nol

Becomes first executive President of the Republic of Sierra Leone

Appointed Prime Minister under President Siaka Stevens

Forms the first prime ministerial office under the republic

Helps deploy the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package during the first surface EVA.

Explores the Descartes Highlands with Young during the first lunar surface excursion.

Begins the first surface excursion, deploying equipment and exploring the Descartes landing area.

Accidentally breaks the heat-flow experiment cable while moving near the ALSEP site.

Explores the Descartes Highlands during Apollo 16.

Conducts command module science during Apollo 16.

Performs the planned Lunar Roving Vehicle Grand Prix exercise to evaluate rover handling.

Haiphong is bombed

Collects samples and photographs terrain during the first rover traverse near Flag Crater.

Pakistan adopts an Interim Constitution pending a permanent settlement.

Bhutto lifts martial law and begins civilian constitutional government.

Becomes president after Nguyen Van Thieu resigns

Captures the last South Vietnamese defense line before Saigon

Says US Secretary of State Kissinger had tricked him into signing the Paris Peace Agreement two years ago, promising military aid which failed to materialise

The communist Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG) has said President Thieu must step down before any peace talks with Saigon could begin

Resigns as South Vietnam collapses under the final offensive

Nine days after Nguyen Van Thieus resignation, the Vietnam war ends with the fall of Saigon

On TV & radio address, outgoing President Nguyen Van Thieu says his forces failed to stop the advance of the Vietcong because of lack of funds promised to him by the USA.

Says US Secretary of State Kissinger had tricked him into signing the Paris Peace Agreement two years ago, promising military aid which failed to materialise.

The President of South Vietnam is forced to resign accusing the United States of betrayal. The communist Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG) has said President Thieu must step down before any peace talks with Saigon could begin.

North Vietnamese troops have surrounded Saigon and military expert are predicting the city will fall within weeks if not days. 5 divisions of South Vietnamese infantry troops, a division of US Rangers & 2 brigades of US Marines in position around Saigon are outnumbered by more than 2 ro 1

Highly Inflammable enters the Official Singles Chart during X-Ray Spex's final original-period releases.

Karmal promulgates the Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan as an interim constitutional framework.

Strikes the PLO in Lebanon as retaliation for PLO guerrilla activities within Israel

Addresses the Commons on derelict-land reclamation policy.

Sent to Washington with Britain's response to Haig's peace plan

Pilots HMS Antrim's Wessex during the difficult special-forces operation on Fortuna Glacier.

Serves as observer in HMS Antrim's Wessex helicopter during the hazardous insertion of SAS troops onto Fortuna Glacier.

Takes Britain's response to Haig's peace proposals.

The South Georgia operation begins

Addresses Commons questions on the London Docklands Development Corporation.

The first landings of SAS troops took place, the weather is so bad that their landings and others made the next day are all withdrawn after several helicopters crash into the Fortuna glacier

SAS landings on Fortuna Glacier are abandoned in bad weather.

Begins the Sixth Strougal Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

The Council sharply reduces UNAMIR while genocide is underway.

Participates in Security Council decisions during the Rwanda crisis.

I.K. Gujral becomes Prime Minister after the fall of the Deve Gowda government.

The Northern Ireland Electons Bill is introduced to the House of Commons

Releases Walking into Clarksdale with Robert Plant.

Scores as Manchester United recover from two goals down against Juventus to reach the final.

UN trucks filled with lentils & sugar enter north Iraq from Turkey

Seck leaves the prime ministership after tensions with President Wade

Macky Sall becomes Prime Minister under President Wade

Real Madrid beat Barcelona at Camp Nou to take a decisive step toward the league title.

Wins the presidential election for the Colorado Party.

Muhammad Iqbal Asi completes his two-year tenure as Force Commander of the United Nations operation in Cote d'Ivoire.

Military operations continue alongside stated political and humanitarian goals.

Announces transition from Decisive Storm to Restoring Hope.

Scores in Barcelona's 5-0 Copa del Rey final victory over Sevilla.

Faces the Easter Sunday bombings in Sri Lanka.

Reports Mariupol largely captured while Azovstal still resists.

Addresses Portugal's Assembly of the Republic and calls for stronger international action.

Birth of Philip II

Birth of John Mortimer

Birth of Elizabeth II, at 17 Bruton St, London,1st child of the Duke & Duchess of York

Henry VII dies at Richmond Palace after ruling England since 1485.

Mary's son James Duke of Rothesay dies in infancy

Death of Edward Henry Stanley

Death of Carsten Borchgrevink

Death of Hans-Valentin Hub

Death of Hans-Valentin Hub

Death of Ludwig Stumpfegger, suicide

Death of Otto Moritz Walter Model, commits suicide

Death of Arthur William Fadden

Dies after illness, prompting tributes to his pioneering role in electronic music.

Forces commanded by Gonzalo Fernendez de Cordoba defeat forces led by Louis dArmagnac, Duke of Nemours, who is killed

Forces commanded by Gonzalo Fernendez de Cordoba defeat forces led by Louis dArmagnac, Duke of Nemours, who is killed

Takes part in the Battle of Bengal

Napoleon defeated the Piedmontese at Mondovi, increasing pressure on the Kingdom of Sardinia to seek an armistice.

Commands the Army of Italy against the Austrians & Sardinians

Inflicts a crushing defeat on the Mexicans & takes General Santa Anna prisoner

Defeated by General sam houston & taken prisoner