Arrest of Richard I the Lionheart
Richard is imprisoned at Trifels Castle on the border of Germany & Lorraine
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On this date in world history
March 23 in History
This permanent archive page contains 209 World History Database records for March 23, spanning 1193 to 2023. Recorded topics include Arrest of Richard I the Lionheart; Ransom; Excommunication.
Total: 209Events: 186Births: 7Deaths: 5Battles: 11Countries: 36
Events on March 23
Ransom
The Duke of Austria hands Richard over to Emperor Henry VI for a sum of money
Excommunication
John XXII excommunicates Louis IV of Bavaria
Excommunication
John XXII excommunicates Louis IV of Bavaria
Marriage
Pope Clement VII declares Henry VIIIs marriage to Anne Boleyn null & void
Marriage
Pope Clement VII declares Henry VIIIs marriage to Anne Boleyn null & void
Marriage
The Pope declares that Henry's marriage to Catherine is valid
Reballion of Rebels in Maynooth
Kildare is defeated at Maynooth Castle, County Kildare
Reballion of Rebels in Maynooth Castle
Kildare is defeated at Maynooth Castle, County Kildare
Second Letter to Piero Dini
Galileo sends another letter to Piero Dini continuing his defence of Copernican astronomy.
Capture of Puinerlo
Captures Pinerlo in Piedmont
Four Irish Subsidies
Strafford secured four subsidies from the Irish Parliament for the King's military programme.
Invasion of Scotland
Makes an unsuccessful attempt to land in Scotland, the fleet of Admiral Sir George Byng intercepted his French ships, and in spite of James tearful pleas, the French admiral refused to let him go ashore, choosing to retreat rather than risk a naval battle
Capture of Chandernagore
Captures Chandernagore to secure a line of communication to Calcutta
Siege of Calcutta
Captures Chandernagore to secure a line of communication to Calcutta
Siege of Chandagore
Captures Chandernagore to secure a line of communication to Calcutta
The Surprise Symphony
First performance of "The Surprise Symphony" at Vienna
Assassination of Paul I
Strangled in his bed during a Kremlin coups by drunken Russian Officers. Russian officers declare Alexander Emperor
Corn Law
The Government enacts grain tariffs intended to protect domestic agricultural prices.
Capture of Kalamata
Greek forces capture Kalamata and issue a call for European support
Messenian Senate Established
Mavromichalis leads a regional revolutionary authority formed after the liberation of Kalamata.
End of Etienne de Gerlache Government
The Etienne de Gerlache Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as head of the Belgian government.
First Joseph Lebeau Government
Begins the First Joseph Lebeau Government in Brussels and serves as head of the Belgian government.
Reform of Parliament
Steers 1st Reform Bill through the House of Commons but is defeated in committee
Reform of Parliament
Reform Bill, 3rd, 1 of the 4 framers of the Bill which passes through the Commons
Siege of Jhansi
Rani Lakshmibai directs the defence of Jhansi as British forces begin their major siege of the city.
Preliminary Peace Settlement
Accepts a peace settlement restoring Transvaal self-government.
Pretoria Convention
Boer leaders sign the Pretoria Convention restoring Transvaal self-government.
Transvaal Self-Government Accepted
British policy shifts from renewed war toward negotiated autonomy.
Rule of Oklahoma
President Harrison opens Oklahoma for white colonization
Prime Minister of Spain
Appointed Prime Minister of Spain, 5th term
Prime Minister of Spain
Appointed Prime Minister of Spain, 6th term
Arrest of Emilio Aguinaldo
The rebel leader is captured after leading a revolt against US hegemony
Antarctic Geological Work Completed
Brings back geological observations from the Ross Sea region.
Depot and Sledge Work Completed
Completes a second major Antarctic expedition as an experienced seaman.
Discovery of South Pole
Arrives in New Zealand having led an expedition to within 111 miles of the South Pole
Nimrod Expedition Return
Returns after serving on sledging and depot-laying parties.
Nimrod Expedition Return
Returns from Antarctica after geological work with the Nimrod expedition.
Dreadnought Completion Figures
Answers Commons questions on the number of completed British dreadnoughts.
Fleet Disposition Statement
Answers Commons questions about the disposition of Royal Navy forces.
German Navy Estimates Review
Answers Commons questions concerning German naval estimates and comparative naval strength.
HMS Iron Duke Status
Answers Commons questions concerning HMS Iron Duke during discussion of the naval programme.
Peace
Holds a secret peace meeting
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
General rertreat of 1/2 the British Expeditionary Force to the Somme
Operation Michael
General rertreat of 1/2 the British Expeditionary Force to the Somme
Blacksirts
Groups within the PNF called Blackshirts built a base of power by violently attacking socialists and their institutions in the rural Po Valley thereby gaining the support of landowners
Exile of Charles I
Exiled to Switzerland
Fasci di Combattimento
Marks the transformation of the paramilitary Fasci Italiani di Combattimento into a more coherent political group (the Fasci di Combattimento, founded by Mussolini in Milans Piazza San Sepolcro
PNF
In Milan, used to break up strikes & make violent assaults on opponents of fascism. Groups within the PNF called Blackshirts built a base of power by violently attacking socialists and their institutions in the rural Po Valley thereby gaining the support of landowners
PNF
Marks the transformation of the paramilitary Fasci Italiani di Combattimento into a more coherent political group (the Fasci di Combattimento, founded by Mussolini in Milans Piazza San Sepolcro
Strikes
In Milan, used to break up strikes & make violent assaults on opponents of fascism
Constitution of Germany
441 in the Reichstag vote for the Enabling Bill, only 94 against
Constitution of Germany
The Centre Party votes for the Enabling Law, the "legal" basis of dictatorship. Legislative power is transferred to the executive. All political parties other than the NSDAP are banned. A dictatorship in all but name is established
Constitution of Germany
The title of Fuhrer and Chancellor is soon understood to mean Head of State & Head of Government & given by propaganda the title of Fuhrer des deutschen Reiches und Volkes (Leader of the German Reich and People), the name the soldiers had to swear
Constitution of Germany
The title of Reichspresident however was not taken by Hitler; instead, he wanted to let his title remain Fuhrer und Reichskanzler, for respect of Hindenburgs achievements as a WWI hero who became Germany's President.
Constitution of Germany
to.
Enabling Act
Opposes the Enabling Act with the Social Democrats, rejecting the transfer of legislative power to Hitler's cabinet.
Enabling Act
Votes with the Centre Party for the Enabling Act, a decision later criticised as helping destroy parliamentary government.
Enabling Act
Represents the armed Nazi presence around Hitler as the Enabling Act is passed under conditions of coercion.
Enabling Act
Supports the Enabling Act as Interior Minister, giving the cabinet authority to override ordinary constitutional safeguards.
Enabling Act
Promotes the Enabling Act as a national rescue measure while Nazi propaganda attacks Marxists and parliamentary opposition.
Enabling Act
Presides over the Reichstag session in the Kroll Opera House while SA and SS pressure surrounds the vote on the Enabling Act.
Enabling Act
Uses control of Prussian police and auxiliary forces to reinforce Nazi dominance before the Enabling Act vote.
Enabling Act
Serves as Justice Minister as the Enabling Act enables laws that bypass normal constitutional and parliamentary limits.
Enabling Act
Votes for the Enabling Act with his party delegation, a decision he later regarded as a grave political mistake.
Enabling Act
Benefits from the emergency atmosphere surrounding the Enabling Act as SS and police power expand under Nazi rule.
Enabling Act
Presents the Enabling Act to the Reichstag as a law to remove distress from people and Reich, demanding cabinet power to legislate without Parliament.
Enabling Act
Promises that the Government will respect the churches and states, using reassurance to win conservative and Centre Party support for the Enabling Act.
Enabling Act
Votes against the Enabling Act as part of the Social Democratic opposition to Hitler's dictatorship.
Enabling Act
Backs the Enabling Act as Hitler's nationalist coalition partner, expecting conservative influence to remain inside the Government.
Enabling Act
Leads Centre Party support for the Enabling Act after Hitler offers assurances on church rights and federal institutions.
Enabling Act
Votes for the Enabling Act with the German State Party after pressure and misjudgement about Nazi intentions.
Enabling Act
Remains in Hitler's cabinet as the Enabling Act transforms the Government into a dictatorship with legal form.
Enabling Act
Supports the Enabling Act from inside the conservative coalition, helping give Hitler dictatorial powers through legal procedure.
Enabling Act
Represents the excluded communist opposition, whose deputies are absent after arrests, flight and repression following the Reichstag fire.
Enabling Act
Commands SA power that intimidates political opponents during the period in which the Enabling Act is forced through.
Enabling Act
Supports the Enabling Act with Catholic conservative deputies, helping provide the two-thirds majority Hitler needs.
Enabling Act
Votes with the Social Democratic deputies against the Enabling Act despite Nazi intimidation around the Reichstag session.
Enabling Act
Continues as Finance Minister while the Enabling Act transfers legislative authority from Parliament to Hitler's cabinet.
Enabling Act
Supports Hitler's cabinet as Labour Minister when the Enabling Act destroys parliamentary checks on legislation.
Enabling Act
Supports the Centre Party line in favour of the Enabling Act after negotiations with Hitler's Government.
Enabling Act
Is unable to oppose the Enabling Act in the Reichstag because the KPD has been suppressed and he is under arrest.
Enabling Act
Cannot vote against the Enabling Act because he is imprisoned after being accused in connection with the Reichstag fire.
Enabling Act
Speaks against the Enabling Act, declaring that freedom and life can be taken, but honour cannot be taken.
Fuhrerprinzip
Nazi Germany cultivated the Fuhrerprinzip (leader principle), and Hitler was generally known as just der Fuhrer ("the Leader")
Legislation
The Kroll Opera House, where the voting will be held, is surrounded by SA & SS. The Centre Party votes for the Enabling Law, the "legal" basis of dictatorship
Legislation
Thw Kroll Opera House, where the voting will be held, is surrounded by SA & SS. Hitler tells Wels that his death-knell had sounded
Reichstag
The Reichstag convenes in the Kroll Opera House
Communique
Meets Eden to discuss the London Communique issued by Britain & France
Rejection of Eastern Pact Proposal
Hitler rejects a proposed Eastern Pact and favors separate agreements rather than an eastern extension of the Locarno system.
Germany and Locarno Treaty Debate
Challenges policy toward Germany after the remilitarisation of the Rhineland and the breach of the Locarno settlement.
Fen District Floods
Raises the consequences of flooding in the Fen district and the public response required.
Foreign Policy and the Dominions
Discusses the need for a stronger foreign policy with support from the Dominions amid the European crisis.
Unemployment and Economic Conditions
Speaks on unemployment and wider economic conditions.
Declaration of War
The Slovak-Hungarian War begins
Rule of Memel
Article 4 of the state Treaty renounces the use of force between Germany and Lithuania, and pledges that neither would support a third country against the other signatory
Rule of Memel
Germany in in the Treaty provides generous support for the economic needs of Lithuania and gave Lithuania the right to establish a Lithuanian Free Zone in the Memel harbor.
Rule of Memel
Lithuanian Foreign Minister Urbsys signs the convention returning Memel to Germany at 1 am retroactive to March 22,1939.
Rule of Memel
The Kriegsmarine is deprived of a chance to launch a planned amphibious assault but was accorded the honor of delivering the Fueher to the city for a celebration of his last bloodless conquest.
Rule of Memel
The Treaty of 23 March affirms the return of the Memel District, which had been separated by the Treaty of Versailles, to Germany.
Slovak-Hungarian War
The Slovak-Hungarian War begins along Slovakia's eastern frontier.
Conference of Lahore
The Lahore Resolution is adopted, its principles form the foundation for Pakistans first constitution
Conference of Lahore
The Lahore Resolution is adopted, its principles form the foundation for Pakistans first constitution
Constitution of Pakistan
The Lahore Resolution is adopted, its principles form the foundation for Pakistans first constitution
Constitution of Pakistan
The Lahore Resolution is adopted, its principles form the foundation for Pakistans first constitution
Independence of Pakistan
The Lahore Resolution is adopted, its principles form the foundation for Pakistans first constitution
Independence of Pakistan
The Lahore Resolution is adopted, its principles form the foundation for Pakistans first constitution
Lahore Resolution
The Lahore Resolution is adopted, its principles form the foundation for Pakistans first constitution
Lahore Resolution
The Lahore Resolution is adopted, its principles form the foundation for Pakistans first constitution
Capture of Cologne
Britsh, American & Canadian troops capture Cologne
Capture of Cologne
The Allies capture Cologne & cross the Rhine
Operation Plunder Rhine Crossing Begins
Launches the 21st Army Group assault across the Rhine at Rees and Wesel.
Trade Embargo at London
Argues for a trade embargo with Eastern Europe
Public School 44 Registration
Lee registered at Public School 44 on March 23, 1953, after court proceedings increased pressure for him to resume attendance.
February Revolution
Kerensky participates in february revolution during his political career.
Constitution of Pakistan
The 1956 Constitution creates the republic and makes Iskander Mirza its first President.
Coventry Cathedral
Lays the foundation stone for Coventry Cathedral
First Constitution Enactment
Pakistan's first Constitution enters into force and establishes a parliamentary republic.
President of Pakistan
Iskander Mirza assumes office as Pakistan's first President.
Marine GED Testing
Marine educational testing gave Lee an overall satisfactory rating, with his strongest scores in English composition and physical sciences.
Incitement Charge
Is charged with incitement alongside Robert Sobukwe.
Incitement Charge
Is charged with incitement following the anti-pass campaign.
PAC Leadership Arrest
Faces prosecution for organising the PAC anti-pass campaign.
PAC Leadership Prosecution
Faces prosecution with other PAC leaders after Sharpeville.
Independence of Laos
"the security of South East Asia will be endagered if Laos loses its independence"
Independence of United States of America
"the security of South East Asia will be endagered if Laos loses its independence"
Recognition of Independence
"the security of South East Asia will be endagered if Laos loses its independence"
and becomes an instant best-seller
John Lennons first book, In His Own Write, is published and becomes an instant best-seller
Commission Deposition March 23
Paine gave additional deposition testimony connected with the Warren Commission investigation on March 23, 1964.
First Guerrilla Ambush
Guevara's force ambushes Bolivian troops in the first major armed action of the campaign.
NRC Chairman Appointed
Becomes chairman of the National Reformation Council after Lansana is removed
FUNK Announced
Announces a resistance front against the Lon Nol government
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Appointed Prime Ministrer of Northern Ireland
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Appointed Prime Ministrer of Northern Ireland
Pink Floyd Live At Pompeii
Eight days of recording and filming starts in a Roman amphitheatre for "Pink Floyd Live At Pompeii"
Pink Floyd Live At Pompeii
Eight days of recording and filming starts in a Roman amphitheatre for "Pink Floyd Live At Pompeii"
McCord Letter Public Disclosure
Judge John Sirica makes McCord's letter public in court, bringing its allegations of political pressure, perjury and wider involvement into public view.
Pink Floyd
"Dark Side Of The Moon" Released
Pink Floyd
"Dark Side Of The Moon" Released
Pink Floyd
"Dark Side Of The Moon" Released
Watergate Sentence
Judge John Sirica sentences Liddy to between six years eight months and twenty years in prison and imposes a $40,000 fine for his Watergate convictions.
Watergate Sentencing and Jail Entry
Hunt entered District of Columbia jail custody after sentencing proceedings arising from his Watergate convictions.
Watergate Sentencing and Jail Entry
Hunt entered District of Columbia jail custody after sentencing proceedings arising from his Watergate convictions.
Invasion of Lebanon
UNIFIL forces arrive in Lebanon setting up headquarters in Naqoura. The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) is created to enforce this mandate, and restore peace and sovereignty to Lebanon
UN Interim Force in Lebanon
The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) is created to enforce this mandate, and restore peace and sovereignty to Lebanon
UNIFIL
The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) is created to enforce this mandate, and restore peace and sovereignty to Lebanon
Maastricht European Council
Represents newly admitted Greece at its first year of European Council participation.
Government
Outlines his Strategic Defence Initiative to defend the US & allies
Nuclear Power
Outlines his Strategic Defence Initiative to defend the US & allies
SALT
President Reagans introduction of the Strategic Defence Initiative program in 1983 was viewed as a threat by the Soviet Union, and the Soviets withdrew from setting a timetable for further negotiations
Prime Minister of Pakistan
Muhammad Khan Junejo becomes Prime Minister after non-party elections.
Visit to Georgia
Visits Georgia
Visit to Russia & is allowed to see the
Appears on Russian TV. 23 March-2 April, visits Russia & is allowed to see the streets & shops
RUF Invasion
RUF fighters enter eastern Sierra Leone from Liberia and begin the civil war
RUF Offensive
Foday Sankoh leads the Revolutionary United Front into Kailahun District
RUF Support
Charles Taylor supports RUF operations launched from Liberian territory
Pink Floyd
To mark the Twentieth anniversary of the release of "Dark Side Of The Moon", the album is re-mastered, re-packaged and re-released
Pink Floyd
To mark the Twentieth anniversary of the release of "Dark Side Of The Moon", the album is re-mastered, re-packaged and re-released
Election
Wins 1st direct Presidential election with a victory of 54% of the popular vote
Real Love
"Real Love," a 1979 John Lennon demo finished in 1995 by the other Beatles, becomes the second new Beatles single to chart in less than three months. It is released as part of The Beatles Anthology recordings and TV special
Chernomyrdin Government Dismissed
Dismisses Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin and his cabinet and nominates Sergei Kiriyenko.
Kiriyenko Nominated Prime Minister
Nominates Sergei Kiriyenko as prime minister after dismissing Viktor Chernomyrdin's cabinet.
Prime Minister of Russia
Yeltsin sacks his entire cabinet, including Chernomyrdin, he names liberal former Energy Minister Sergei Kiriyenko acting Prime Minister
Assassination of Luis Maria Argana
Is assassinated in an event that triggers a national political crisis.
Economy of Russia
Russias food supply is threatened with a virulent strain of potato blight and livestock feed shortages were forecast
Lisbon European Council
Represents Ireland as leaders launch the Lisbon strategy for employment, innovation and economic reform.
Lisbon European Council
Represents Italy as leaders launch the Lisbon strategy for employment, economic reform and innovation.
Lisbon European Council
Represents Germany as leaders launch the Lisbon strategy for employment, economic reform and knowledge-based growth.
Lisbon European Council
Represents Greece as leaders launch the Lisbon strategy for employment, innovation and economic reform.
Controlled Mir Deorbit
Serves as RSC Energia president as Mir completes its planned controlled deorbit and ends its fifteen-year orbital career over the South Pacific.
Stockholm European Council
Represents Greece as leaders review economic reform, employment and enlargement.
Invasion of Iraq
The main invasion army moved into southern Iraq, occupying the region and engaging in the Battle of Nasiriyah
Hamas
Rantissi is named leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip, following the killing of Ahmed Yassin by Israeli forces
The Lives of Others
Directs The Lives of Others.
March 23 Agreement with CNDP
Concludes an agreement providing for CNDP political participation and integration of its fighters into national institutions.
Affordable Care Act
Attends signing of the Affordable Care Act.
Dissolution of Parliament
A decree formally dissolved both chambers of the former national parliament.
Acting Presidency Ends
Lupu leaves the acting presidency after Nicolae Timofti is sworn in
President Takes Office
Nicolae Timofti becomes President after parliamentary election
COVID-19
Saudi Arabia imposes a nationwide curfew as COVID-19 spreads.
COVID-19
Announces the first nationwide COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom.
COVID-19
Mitsotakis's government imposes nationwide restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19
Announces a nationwide lockdown in response to COVID-19.
COVID-19
Announces restrictions in Scotland during the first UK lockdown.
French Parliament Address
Addresses French lawmakers and appeals for sanctions, weapons and international solidarity.
Safer Streets Mission
Starmer proposes neighbourhood policing and measures addressing violence against women.
Births on March 23
Birth of Margaret of Anjou
Birth of Margaret of Anjou, daughter of Isabel of Lorraine and Ren‚ I
Birth of Alfred Milner
Birth of Alfred Milner
Birth of Emmy Noether
Emmy Noether is born in Erlangen, Bavaria.
Emmy Noether Born
The future pioneering algebraist is born into a mathematical family.
Birth of Akira Kurosawa
Birth of Akira Kurosawa
Birth of Werner von Braun
Birth of Werner von Braun
Birth of Alan Bleasdale
Birth of Alan Bleasdale
Deaths on March 23
Death of Paul I
Death of Paul I
Death of Peter Lorre
Death of Peter Lorre
Death of Giulietta Masina
Death of Giulietta Masina
Death of Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor
Death of Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor
Death of Lee Kuan Yew
Death of Lee Kuan Yew
Battles on March 23
Battle of Highnam
Defeated by Waller when defending South Wales for Charles I
Battle of Highnam
Routs the Royalist force of Lord Herbert
Battle of Novara
Radetzky completely defeats Charles Albert & Albert Chrzanowski
Battle of Novara
Radetzky completely defeats Charles Albert & Albert Chrzanowski
Battle of Rhine
The British cross the Rhine at Wesel
Battle of Rhineland
Patton crosses the Rhine at Oppenheim
Battle of Rhineland
Patton crosses the Rhine at Oppenheim
Battle of Mao Khe
Attacks French defenses around Mao Khe
Battle of Nasiriyah
Heavy fighting takes place in the southern Iraqi city of Nasiriyah between Iraqi forces and US Marines over control of key bridges over the Euphrates River and the Saddam Canal
Battle of Nasiriyah
US Marines enter Nasiriyah in force, facing heavy resistance as they move to secure two major bridges in the city. The main invasion army moved into southern Iraq, occupying the region and engaging in the Battle of Nasiriyah.
Battle of Nasiriyah
With the Nasiriyah and Talil Airfields secured, Coalition forces gained an important logistical centre in southern Iraq and established FOB/EAF Jalibah, some 10 miles (16 km) outside of Nasiriyah.