May 13 in History

Marries Mary, younger sister of Henry VIII, in secret

Mary secretly marries Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk

Secretly marries Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk

A bill of attainder against Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, proceeds before his execution for treason.

Stafford is found guilty & condemned to death for treason

Condemned to death for treason

Stafford is found guilty & condemned to death for treason

Condemned to death for treason

Mary of Guise ratifies Scotland's inclusion in the Anglo-French peace settlement, helping end the Rough Wooing.

Mary flees to England where she is imprisoned by Elizabeth In the Tower of London. Crosses the border after the Battle of Langside. hoping to be protected by Elizabeth

Founds Jamestown, Virginia is re-colonized

Mirabeau proposed talks with the clergy to encourage union with the Third Estate during the verification dispute.

Olympe de Gouges asked the royal censor for permission to publish a Journal du peuple during the Estates General.

Samuel Rust of New York City patents the 1st practical printing press built in the USA

Leads Ecuador as it separates from Gran Colombia and establishes a new state.

The Turkish Admiral Hassan Bey landed troops at Vathy

The Turkish Admiral Hassan Bey landed troops at Vathy

The Andræ Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the First Hall Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

"..the voice of God commands us to stand bravely at the helm of the state"

Appointed Prime Minister of the Cape Colony

The expedition reaches Dos Rios

Describes the Conservative Party as a party of "great vested interests"

Succeeds Pierre Curie in his Sorbonne chair.

Attends the Fifth Congress as factional conflict continues.

Challenges Bolshevik strategy at the London Congress.

Advocates positions between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.

Attends the party congress as a Bolshevik organiser.

Organizes army aviation units, training and operational doctrine.

Brings naval aviation into a formal military organization.

Supports creation of the Royal Flying Corps naval wing.

Takes command of Number Two Squadron Royal Flying Corps.

Becomes commander of the Royal Flying Corps Military Wing.

Leads one of Britain's first organized military flying units.

The 1st 4 engine aircraft is built & flown by Igor Sikorsky

Answers Commons questions about the Austro-Hungarian naval programme.

Answers Commons questions concerning the Royal Navy engineering branch.

Addresses Commons questions concerning government dockyards and Admiralty administration.

Answers parliamentary questions concerning hospital-ship provision for the Royal Navy.

Answers parliamentary questions concerning naval materiel and Admiralty supply arrangements.

Churchill answers parliamentary questions concerning British and Ottoman losses during Dardanelles operations.

The Soviet government strengthens emergency grain procurement powers as urban food shortages worsen.

Has power to force peasants to deliver grain to collection points for fixed payments

The inaugural meeting of the Hitler Youth

Serves as Foreign Minister when Germany ratifies an agreement simplifying rail traffic through the Polish Corridor.

Begins the Aloys Van de Vyvere Government in Brussels and serves as Prime Minister of Belgium.

The First Georges Theunis Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as Prime Minister of Belgium.

The Bank of England is required to sell gold bullion at the statutory pre-war price.

Baldwin's Government enacts the statutory return of sterling to gold bullion convertibility.

The Gold Standard Act receives royal assent and restores convertibility of sterling into gold bullion.

Arrests President Wojciechowski

Germany's economy collapses

England debut against Italy, which finished a 11 draw, Hapgood became England captain and wore the armband 21 times

Dies after shaping League refugee policy.

Crashes his Brough Superior motorcycle near Clouds Hill and is fatally injured.

Appointed Prime Minister of Belgium, 1st term

Louis Armstrong & his orchestra record the New Orleans jazz standard, "When the Saints Go Marching In", on Decca Records

Tells Ciano Italy will enter the war on the German side

French forces conduct an amphibious landing north of Narvik.

Bethouart commands the French expeditionary troops in the amphibious landing behind German lines at Bjerkvik.

Magrin-Vernerey's Foreign Legion battalions land at Bjerkvik and force German troops to retreat.

Tells Parliament he can offer only blood toil tears and sweat.

Germany completes the capture of Holland

Legionnaires recapture Elvegardsmoen during the Bjerkvik operation.

Magrin-Vernerey's legionnaires recapture Elvegardsmoen during the Bjerkvik operation north of Narvik.

Germany completes the capture of Holland

The 9th Panzer Division reaches Rotterdam

Receives the surrender of Belgium

The British send a destroyer to help Wilhelmina to leave Holland

Leaves the Hague-Amsterdam redoubt. Asks the British to send extra fighters to defend Holland but is turned down

Adopts the Manstein Plan under which Army Group A crosses the Meuse

Takes command of reorganised British land forces in northern Norway.

Auchinleck takes command of reorganised British land forces in the Narvik area.

The 7th Rifle Regiment crosses the Maas between Houx & Dinant

In the Commons says "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears & sweat"

Wins a unanimous vote of confidence from the Commons for the new administration

Signs an order defending German troops from any crimes against the Russian population

Surrenders Axis forces in Tunisia after being promoted to Marshal of Italy, ending organized Axis resistance in North Africa.

Kerensky records his position on government defence in exile.

The Act authorises American participation in constructing the Saint Lawrence Seaway.

Makes his international debut, against Brazil in front of over 120,000 fans at the Est dio do Maracana

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan takes office as the second President of India.

The 1st bombing pause is announced by the U.S. in the hope that Hanoi will now negotiate

Viet Cong forces attack the US Special Forces camp at Song Be in Phuoc Long Province

Williams helps defend the Special Forces camp during the Viet Cong attack at Phuoc Long

Several Arab nations break ties with West Germany after it established diplomatic relations with Israel

The Viet Cong attack the U.S. special forces camp in Phuoc Long

Earns the Congressional Medal of Honor by knocking out a Viet Cong machine-gun then guiding rescue helicopters, while wounded four times

Brian Jones's sitar part helps define the Rolling Stones single Paint It Black.

Summons the seamen's leaders to Downing St to avert a strike but the strike continues

Zakir Husain becomes the third President of India.

Releases Lumpy Gravy, an orchestral and tape-collage work credited as his first solo album.

Aretha Franklin, the Queen of Soul, receives a gold record for her version of "Bridge over Troubled Water"

Makes a report to the Commons about the IRAs intentions to take over parts of Belfast

Government record concerning the IRA: Makes a report to the Commons about the IRAs intentions to take over parts of Belfast

Historical IRA record under Labour Party Government: Makes a report to the Commons about the IRAs intentions to take over parts of Belfast

IRA context for Harold Wilson: Makes a report to the Commons about the IRAs intentions to take over parts of Belfast

Government record concerning the IRA: Makes a report to the Commons about the IRAs intentions to take over parts of Belfast

Historical IRA record under Labour Party Government: Makes a report to the Commons about the IRAs intentions to take over parts of Belfast

IRA context for Harold Wilson: Makes a report to the Commons about the IRAs intentions to take over parts of Belfast

Makes a report to the Commons about the IRAs intentions to take over parts of Belfast

The Government advances child benefit legislation as part of family income support reform.

Angels with Dirty Faces enters the Official Singles Chart and reaches number nineteen.

I Don't Mind enters the Official Singles Chart as Buzzcocks continue their rapid run of releases.

Mobutu again seeks foreign intervention after rebels seize Kolwezi.

Mehmet Ali Agca claims he was working for the KGB

Shot in the Vatican Sqr by a Turk, Mehmet Ali Agca. Mehmet Ali Agca claims he was working for the KGB

The Boss, Bruce Springsteen, marries actress/model Julianne Phillips in ceremonies in Lake Oswego, OR

Scores the winning goal as Ajax defeat Lokomotive Leipzig to win the European Cup Winners' Cup.

About 3,000 students begin a hunger strike

Assumes de jure powers, as described in the constitution of the Bosnian Serb administration, includes commanding the army of the Bosnian Serb administration in times of war and peace

Karadzic becomes President of the Bosnian Serb administration in Pale after the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Assumes de jure powers, as described in the constitution of the Bosnian Serb administration, includes commanding the army of the Bosnian Serb administration in times of war and peace

Answers a parliamentary question concerning company takeovers.

Helps Ajax win the UEFA Cup against Torino on away goals after the two-legged final.

Contributes to Ajax's UEFA Cup triumph over Torino.

Guides Ajax to the UEFA Cup title against Torino.

Is appointed the first Director-General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

India conducts two additional underground nuclear tests and announces completion of its 1998 test series.

Releases The Ego Has Landed for the North American market.

Legislation establishes long-term savings accounts for eligible children.

Scores twice, including a late long-range equaliser, as Liverpool beat West Ham on penalties.

Scores as Barcelona defeat Athletic Bilbao 4-1 in the Copa del Rey final.

McArthur uses Atlantis's robotic arm to capture Hubble for the telescope's fifth and final astronaut servicing mission.

Real Madrid finish the league season with a then-record 100 points under Mourinho.

Scores in stoppage time against Queens Park Rangers to give Manchester City the Premier League title.

Links new observations to the long-lost Jovian moon S 2000 J11, recovering its orbit.

Supports Liverpool's hosting of Eurovision after Ukraine cannot safely stage the contest.

Co-hosts Eurovision coverage as Liverpool stages the contest on behalf of Ukraine.

Meets Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and discusses military assistance and Ukraine's peace formula.

Meets Pope Francis and discusses the humanitarian consequences of Russia's invasion.

Signs legislation restricting Russian enriched-uranium imports.

Goita signs a decree dissolving political parties and organisations throughout Mali.

Birth of Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carot, Nolay in Burgundy, son of a lawyer

Birth of Joe Louis

Birth of Bea Arthur, actress in the "Golden Girls"

Birth of Harvey Keitel

Birth of Ritchie Valens, Richard Steven Valenzuela

Birth of Jeff Astle

Birth of Mary Wells

Too much oxygen in the incubator causes him to become permanently blind. Birth of Stevie Wonder, Stevland Morris

Birth of Paul Thompson, drummer with Roxy Music

Birth of Lorraine McIntosh, singer with Deacon Blue

Birth of Charles Philip Edmund, eldest son of Charles XVI

Birth of Charles Philip Edmund Bertil, Charles XVIs son

Death of Alfred Milner, of sleeping sickness soon after returning from South Africa, his viscountcy, lacking suitable heirs, dies with him

Death of Frank James "Gary" Cooper

Death of Gary Cooper

The Royalists in Lewes refuse to listen to mediation. Arrives at Fletching from London 9 miles north of Lewes

Mary & her escort rides off, eventually arriving at Dundrennan Abbey in Dumfriesshire, some sixty miles to the south & from here she leaves for England, never to see Scotland again. Leads an army which defeats Mary Queen of Scots

Shortly after Marys escape she is defeated at Langside. Marys 6,000 army faces a smaller force under the Earl of Moray but is defeated. Mary flees to England where she is imprisoned by Elizabeth In the Tower of London. Mary escapes from prison, her supporters join her but are defeated by Moray

Mary escapes from Lochleven (May 2, 1568), the Duke of Chatelherault and other nobles rallied to her standard, but Moray gathers his allies and defeats her forces at the Battle of Langside

1st victory for Cromwell & the Eastern association

Cromwell defeats a larger Royalist cavalry force near Grantham and strengthens Parliament's position in Lincolnshire.

Demands an end to the Dardanelles campaign in cabinet. Accuses Churchill of being "a determined mad gambler"

Takes command of reorganised British land forces in northern Norway.

Directs French forces in the amphibious landing at Bjerkvik.

Oversees the campaign as Allied troops capture Elvegardsmoen and advance toward Narvik.

Leads legionnaires in the Bjerkvik operation north of Narvik.

Guderian crosses the River Meuse

Crosses the River Meuse

Crosses the River Meuse

Present at the German attack on Sedan