November 1 in History

Halfdan participated in the capture of York from the divided Northumbrian kingdom.

Ivar helped seize York, creating the principal Scandinavian political centre in northern England.

The Danes capture York and make it a major Viking stronghold in Northumbria.

Ivar helps capture York while Northumbria is weakened by rivalry between Aella and Osberht.

Exchanges Stephen for the Earl of Gloucester, her half brother & most valued ally

Restored to the throne

Succeeds as King of Denmark

Contracts for a 2nd marriage to Yolande de Dreux, in order to gain a male heir

The command of the siege falls to Suffolk. Death of Salisbury after an accidental injury

Margaret was 12 when she married the 24-year-old Edmund Tudor

Informs Ferdinand that Queen Catherine is pregnant

Knighted by the Duke of Suffolk during the latters invasion of France

Knighted by the Duke of Suffolk during the latters invasion of France

The revised and more explicitly Protestant Book of Common Prayer comes into general use.

The letter had been shown to the king on Friday 1 November, James felt that it hinted at "some strategem of fire and powder",perhaps an explosion exceeding in violence the one that killed his father, Lord Darnley, in 1567

The letter had been shown to the king on Friday 1 November, James felt that it hinted at "some strategem of fire and powder",perhaps an explosion exceeding in violence the one that killed his father, Lord Darnley, in 1567

Dismisses Sir Edward Coke for resisting the Royal Prerogative

Carried out by the forces of the Bohemian Protestants led by Ernst von Mansfeld, the first major battle of the Thirty Years War, the Protestant victory and subsequent capture of the city sparked the Bohemian Revolt

Under the Treaty of Paris the Franco-Swedish alliance is renewed

The Treaty of Paris formally gave control of what remained of the League of Heilbronn to France

The Treaty of Paris formally gave control of what remained of the League of Heilbronn to France. France offers the German Protestants 12,000 men & 1/2 million Livres

Under the Treaty of Paris the Franco-Swedish alliance is renewed. France offers the German Protestants 12,000 men & 1/2 million livres. Catholicism is guarenteed in Germany & land is ceded in Alsace

The Treaty of Paris formally gave control of what remained of the League of Heilbronn to France

Pym circulates proposals that develop into the Grand Remonstrance against royal government.

The Swedish Commander Tortensson is forced to retreat by Archduke Leopold William

The Swedish Commander Tortensson is forced to retreat by Archduke Leopold William

Lambert's moderate Army settlement is challenged by the Agreement of the People, which offers the radicals' alternative to the Heads of the Proposals drafted by Ireton and Lambert

Cromwell urges caution over breaking with monarchy, reflecting the Grandees' preference for a controlled settlement with Charles I rather than immediate adoption of the Leveller programme

Allen argues from his religious experience that the task before the Army is to remove the negative voice of the King and Lords

Carter says he no longer feels moved to pray that the King should become a blessing to the kingdom, showing radical distrust of Charles I during the debates

Cowling argues that the sword has recovered the people's rights, linking the soldiers' wartime service to the claim that political rights must be secured

Cromwell discusses the King's negative voice and treats kingship as contractual, while resisting proposals that would immediately overthrow the monarchy

Ireton defends the Army's earlier proposals and argues that peace must be settled through a lawful authority rather than by the Army alone

Lambert's regiment is reported to have been approached by Agitators, underlining the Grandees' fear that the debate might spread into wider Army disorder

Henry Lilburne challenges some historical claims about ancient liberties, showing that even radical religious and political arguments were disputed within the Council

Peter encourages continued discussion and possible compromise after the Council becomes stuck over the franchise and the balance between liberty and property

Rainsborough presses the case that soldiers who risked their lives in the war should not be left without political voice in the settlement

Rich seeks a middle course on representation, accepting concern for the poor while still warning that equal suffrage could threaten property

Wildman objects that restoring the King's rights would leave the people's grievances insecure and would weaken the constitutional purpose of the Agreement

Portocarrero helps direct the government after Charles II's death and before Philip V reaches Spain.

The death of Charles II ends nearly two centuries of Habsburg rule in Spain.

Cardinal Portocarrero becomes a leading figure in the government after Charles II's death.

Charles II's death without children opens the succession conflict over the Spanish monarchy.

Charles II's death makes the partition treaties obsolete and opens the Spanish succession dispute.

Maria Anna of Neuburg becomes the widow of Charles II after his death.

Brunel marries Sophia Kingdom after the couple are reunited in London.

Appointed Home Secretary

Appointed President of Spain, President of the Supreme Central Governing Junta

Appointed President of Spain, President of the Supreme Central Governing Junta

Opening day of the Congress of Vienna

Is elected to the House of Representatives after serving as president.

Publishes a Tribune article linking pauperism, free trade and the approaching commercial crisis.

Alabama becomes the fourth state to secede from the Union

Alabama becomes the fourth slave state to secede from the Union

Fisher becomes Director of Naval Ordnance and Torpedoes, overseeing important weapons and technical matters.

Cleveland secures repeal of compulsory silver purchases to defend gold convertibility.

Emil and Max Skladanowsky demonstrate the Bioskop projector at the Wintergarten music hall.

Max and Emil Skladanowsky demonstrate the Bioskop projector at the Wintergarten music hall.

Returns to the Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior as a Regierungsrat, working particularly on folk art and monument preservation.

Crean begins the southern journey with the pony-supported groups travelling across the Barrier.

Wilson leaves with the main southern expedition as the pony and dog groups begin their staged advance.

Oates leaves Cape Evans with the pony groups supporting Scott's southward march.

Travels south with responsibility for the expedition ponies.

Sets out from Cape Evans on the main southern journey toward the South Pole

Motor, pony, dog and man-hauling groups support the advance.

Oates monitors the animals as conditions become increasingly difficult.

Begins the main journey toward the South Pole.

Begins the main southern journey toward the South Pole.

The march south begins on 1 November 1911 with motor, dog and pony groups hauling loaded sledges at different rates along the planned route.

Crean leaves with the main southern party, contributing extensive sledging experience as the expedition advances toward the Beardmore Glacier.

Oates travels south with the pony teams, taking responsibility for animal welfare as conditions become increasingly difficult.

Manages expedition ponies during the main march south.

Scott's transport groups are arranged to provide staged support for the smaller party that will eventually continue toward the South Pole.

Advises Scott on animal condition and transport limitations.

Appointed High Commander of the Turkish Army in Istanbul

Outlaws the Kuomindang Party

Goes into hiding after the failure of the counteroffensive.

Left SRs cooperate with Bolsheviks in Soviet institutions.

Begins the Third Battle of Gaza after the success at Beersheba.

On 1st November the Allied offensive started up and the third German defensive line was breached. As the advance progressed northwards the towns of Mezieres, Charleville and Sedan were recaptured

On 1st November the Allied offensive started up and the third German defensive line was breached. As the advance progressed northwards the towns of Mezieres, Charleville and Sedan were recaptured

On 1st November the Allied offensive started up and the third German defensive line was breached. As the advance progressed northwards the towns of Mezieres, Charleville and Sedan were recaptured

The Battle of Valenciennes (1st November 1918) was an offensive carried out by the British 3rd Army to advance to the French-Belgian border and the city of Valenciennes. The city was re-captured by Canadian troops on 2nd November

On 1st November the Allied offensive started up and the third German defensive line was breached. As the advance progressed northwards the towns of Mezieres, Charleville and Sedan were recaptured

The Battle of Valenciennes (1st November 1918) was an offensive carried out by the British 3rd Army to advance to the French-Belgian border and the city of Valenciennes. The city was re-captured by Canadian troops on 2nd November

Appointed First Sea Lord

Following the deposition of his cousin the Sultanate is abolished

Following the deposition of his cousin the Sultanate is abolished

Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 4th term

Appointed Major General

Signs the Axis agreement in Berlin on behalf of Italy

During a speech Mussolini publicly refers to an "Axis" without divulging its details

Signs the agreement, effectively ending the Treaty of Versailles

Signs the Axis agreement in Berlin on behalf of Italy

Signs the Axis agreement in Berlin on behalf of Italy

Appointed Air Vice Marshal

Makes the opening speech in the Turkish Grand National Assembly on behalf of Ataturk

Retired after Hitler's purge of the high command after the Blomberg-Fritsch crisis

Appointed Air Vice Marshal

Makes the opening speech in the Turkish Grand National Assembly on behalf of Ataturk

Retired after Hitler's purge of the high command after the Blomberg-Fritsch crisis

Lithuania bows to German demands to end martial law in Memel - local Nazi party leaders Neumann, Bertuleit and Bottchner released from prison

The first extermination camps were being built: first Belzec, then Sobibor, Treblinka, Chelmno, Majdanek, and finally Auschwitz-Birkenau, the mass execution of Jews begins in early 1942

The first extermination camps were being built: first Belzec, then Sobibor, Treblinka, Chelmno, Majdanek, and finally Auschwitz-Birkenau, the mass execution of Jews begins in early 1942

Bernard Montgomery launches an attack on the Deutsches Afrika Korps at Kidney Ridge

Rommel captures Tobruk

Zingales takes command of the former CSIR formation, redesignated XXXV Corps, within Gariboldi's 8th Army.

Messe relinquishes command of the former CSIR and XXXV Corps after prolonged service on the Eastern Front.

Rommel captures Tobruk. Bernard Montgomery launches an attack on the Deutsches Afrika Korps at Kidney Ridge

K. S. Thimayya directs the armoured operation that breaks through at Zoji La and restores the route toward Ladakh.

Chinese troops overwhelm the 6th ROK Infantry Division

The United States detonates Ivy Mike, the first full-scale thermonuclear device.

Holds an election without effective opposition.

Laskov employs armour at the front of the northern advance, demonstrating the growing battlefield role of Israeli armoured forces.

Durnford-Slater coordinates carrier-based air operations against Egyptian military targets.

Laskov's 77th Division reaches the approaches to El-Arish after advancing along the northern axis.

Beaufre finalises French ground-force arrangements for the assault on Port Said.

Simhoni coordinates operations across both the Gaza and central Sinai fronts.

Dayan coordinates operations aimed at defeating Egyptian forces in the Gaza Strip.

Advises against continuing the operation as diplomatic and political costs increase

Attacks the Government in Parliament over the invasion of Egypt

Yoffe's brigade captures Ras an-Naqb while advancing toward the Gulf of Aqaba.

Amer orders a general withdrawal from Sinai to preserve Egyptian forces from encirclement.

Ben-Gurion reports major Israeli gains as forces advance across Sinai.

Local record store manager Brian Epstein is introduced to the Beatles, he signs a contract to manage them

Local record store manager Brian Epstein is introduced to the Beatles, he signs a contract to manage them

The Government introduces a Bill to reduce Commonwealth Immigration. Commonwealth Immigrants must have a job to come or have useful qualifications

The Government introduces a Bill to reduce Commonwealth Immigration. Commonwealth Immigrants must have a job to come or have useful qualifications

Arecibo opens as a powerful radar and radio astronomy facility.

Nhu Diem is captured & burnt to death

Ngo Dinh is captured & burnt to death. Captured & burnt to death

Kennedy approves a coup by South Vietnamese Army officers & Diem is assassinated

Captured & burnt to death

Hosty gave Ruth Paine his name and telephone number and asked her to contact him if she learned where Oswald was living in Dallas.

Overthrown & killed by a coup, with tacit US approval

Overthrown & killed by a coup, with tacit US approval

Kennedy approves a coup by Vietnamese Army officers during which Diem is assassinated. Kennedy approves a coup by South Vietnamese Army officers & Diem is assassinated

Joins General Duong Van Minh and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) generals in a coup against President Ngo Dienh Diem which led to the Presidents death

Paine told the FBI that Oswald worked at the Texas School Book Depository and that he visited his family in Irving on weekends.

Leads the military coup that overthrows Ngo Dinh Diem

Faces the consequences of the coup against Ngo Dinh Diem

Represents US policy in Saigon during the coup against Diem

FBI agent James Hosty interviewed Paine on November 1 about Oswald's activities after his return from the Soviet Union.

Ruth Paine later gave Oswald the slip containing Hosty's name and telephone number, information that subsequently appeared in Oswald's address book.

Releases I Wanna Be Your Man with the Rolling Stones as an early hit.

Overthrown and killed after US officials indicate opposition to his rule

Visits Ruth Paine & learns Oswalds address & job at the Texas School Book Depository

China, North Vietnams neighbor and ally, successfully tests an atomic bomb

Nur Ahmad Etemadi becomes prime minister after a period of cabinet instability.

Calls a complete halt to the bombing of North Vietnam during diplomatic talks

Calls a complete halt to the bombing of North Vietnam during diplomatic talks

Brought to a halt, emphasis is placed on the trail network in Laos

Becomes the first Secretary of State for Social Services and takes charge of the new department.

Releases his debut solo album while moving toward work with Faces.

Releases the debut Kraftwerk album during the group's early experimental period.

Contributes flute, electronics and experimental textures to the first Kraftwerk album.

Mobutu is confirmed as president in a single-candidate national election.

Appoints Leon Jaworski to lead the Watergate Special Prosecution Force after the dismissal of Archibald Cox.

Lennon releases "Mind Games", which is credited to "the Plastic U.F.Ono Band"

At a nationally televised press conference, Nixon also announced that he was instructing Acting Attorney General Bork to appoint a new Special Prosecutor for the Watergate matter. On November 1, The Justice Department appointed Leon Jaworski its new special prosecutor

At a nationally televised press conference, Nixon also announced that he was instructing Acting Attorney General Bork to appoint a new Special Prosecutor for the Watergate matter. On November 1, The Justice Department appointed Leon Jaworski its new special prosecutor

Is appointed Watergate special prosecutor to succeed Archibald Cox, with greater assurances of independence following the Saturday Night Massacre.

At a nationally televised press conference, Nixon also announced that he was instructing Acting Attorney General Bork to appoint a new Special Prosecutor for the Watergate matter. On November 1, The Justice Department appointed Leon Jaworski its new special prosecutor

At a nationally televised press conference, Nixon also announced that he was instructing Acting Attorney General Bork to appoint a new Special Prosecutor for the Watergate matter. On November 1, The Justice Department appointed Leon Jaworski its new special prosecutor

Contributes electronic percussion to Autobahn during the band's breakthrough period.

Releases Autobahn, the album that brings Kraftwerk major international attention.

Shapes Autobahn's electronic textures, vocoder effects and minimalist travel concept.

Directs The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser.

Natusch launches a coup against the interim constitutional government.

Tunisia held a legislative election allowing opposition lists to compete, although the ruling front won every seat.

Iran attacks Dezful

Sings on The Eternal Idol, beginning his long association with Black Sabbath.

Leads Likud through elections overshadowed by the First Intifada and the future of the occupied territories.

Resigns from the Government over differences with Margaret Thatcher over the EC

Denmark's special Maastricht arrangements take effect as the Treaty on European Union enters into force.

Mitterrand saw the Maastricht settlement enter into force, formally creating the European Union.

Serves as Foreign Minister when Greece becomes a member of the newly established European Union.

Oversees Danish foreign policy as the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union is established.

Leads Portugal when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union begins.

Heads Italy as Maastricht takes effect and the European Union begins operating under the new treaty structure.

Leads Belgium when Maastricht enters into force and the European Union formally begins.

Heads Spain as the Maastricht settlement becomes legally effective across the twelve member states.

Serves as Foreign Secretary when Maastricht takes effect and Britain enters the new European Union framework.

Serves as Foreign Minister when Maastricht enters into force and the European Union formally replaces the earlier Community framework.

Leads Germany when the Maastricht Treaty takes legal effect and establishes the European Union.

Heads the Dutch government as Maastricht becomes effective and the European Union is formally established.

Leads Britain when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union is established.

Serves as president when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and formally establishes the European Union.

Returns as Greek prime minister shortly before Maastricht enters into force and the European Union is established.

Heads Denmark as the treaty becomes effective under the special arrangements secured after the Danish referendums.

Leads Ireland when the Treaty on European Union becomes effective on 1 November 1993.

Leads Luxembourg when the Treaty on European Union enters into force across the Twelve.

Heads the Italian government when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union is established.

Heads the German government when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union is established.

Heads the Greek government when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union is established.

Heads the Irish government when the Maastricht Treaty enters into force and the European Union is established.

The Treaty on European Union enters into force with Denmark participating under the arrangements secured at Edinburgh.

The Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act takes effect, creating Chhattisgarh with Raipur as its capital.

Maude resigns from the Thatcherite No Turning Back group

Portillo resigns from the Thatcherite No Turning Back group

Shevardnadze fired his Government as demonstrators took to the streets and demanded changes

Starmer begins serving as Director of Public Prosecutions and head of the CPS.

Directs Oh Boy, later released internationally as A Coffee in Berlin.

Burnham launches emergency accommodation for people sleeping rough across the city-region.

Addresses the COP26 climate summit.

Warns that the war has moved toward positional warfare and stalemate

Wolff uses Hubble observations with Webb data to show that Vega's broad debris disk is unexpectedly smooth.

Alexandru Munteanu becomes Prime Minister after Recean leaves the premiership

Leads the Dodgers to the World Series title.

Birth of Frederick John Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon

Charles II dies childless in Madrid, triggering the succession crisis that leads to European war.

Charles II dies childless, ending the Spanish Habsburg line.

Charles II dies childless at Madrid, ending the Spanish Habsburg line and triggering the succession crisis.

The last Spanish Habsburg dies without an heir. Death of Charles II, the throne is claimed by Philip V grandson of Louis XIV

Dies at Livadia in Crimea after thirteen years as emperor, leaving the throne to Nicholas II.

Death of Ngo Dinh Diem, assassinated

German mercenary Count von Mansfield captures Pargue after 16 hours of hard fighting. Carried out by the forces of the Bohemian Protestants led by Ernst von Mansfeld, the first major battle of the Thirty Years War, the Protestant victory and subsequent capture of the city sparked the Bohemian Revolt

Brereton defeats Royalist forces under Sir William Vaughan at Denbigh, cutting another route of support into Cheshire.

Marches into Ukraine hoping to recover supplies and Cossack support.

Scindia's army suffers a major defeat at Laswari, weakening Maratha resistance in northern India.

The Shoguns troops make their last stand in a Tokyo temple

The Shoguns troops make their last stand in a Tokyo temple

Defeat leads to withdrawal from the Sudan. British & allied troops are trapped by the Mahdi & massacred

The Admiralty confronts a severe defeat after Admiral Cradock's squadron is destroyed by Admiral von Spee off Chile.

The British under Craddock fail to prevent German commerce raiding in the south Pacific. The British are outnumbered & defeated & lose 2 cruisers & 1,500 crew. British defeat by Admiral Spee including the Scharnhorst, Gneisenau & Nurnberg

Defeats Craddock then sails around Cape Horn to scour the South Atlantic

The British under Craddock fail to prevent German commerce raiding in the south Pacific. The British are outnumbered & defeated & lose 2 cruisers & 1,500 crew. Spees forces sink the HMS Good Hope & HMS Monmouth. British defeat by Admiral Spee including the Scharnhorst, Gneisenau & Nurnberg

The Battle of Valenciennes (1st November 1918) was an offensive carried out by the British 3rd Army to advance to the French-Belgian border and the city of Valenciennes. The city was re-captured by Canadian troops on 2nd November

Focuses on convoy protection as U-boat losses increase.

Bernard Montgomery launches an attack on the Deutsches Afrika Korps at Kidney Ridge

Rommel captures Tobruk. Bernard Montgomery launches an attack on the Deutsches Afrika Korps at Kidney Ridge

Elizabeth of Pomerania is crowned empress in Rome