October 28 in History

At a general Witen Tostigs laws are anulled & Tostig is deposed

Harold accepts Morcar's recognition as Earl of Northumbria as part of the peace settlement.

Edward accepts Tostig's exile despite his earlier desire to restore him.

Harold accepts the settlement that sends his brother Tostig into exile.

Harold supports compromise rather than a royal military campaign that could trigger civil war.

At Oxford, Harold accepts the Northumbrian demands, Tostig remains outlawed, and Morcar is recognised as Earl of Northumbria.

Morcar, Harolds brother-in-law, became the new Earl of Northumbria. Harold yields to the rebels demands & banishes Tostig from the country. At a general Witen Tostigs laws are anulled & Cnuts reinstated

The October settlement accepts Tostig's deposition from Northumbria and confirms Morcar as the new earl.

The settlement at Oxford confirms Tostig's removal and recognizes Morcar as the new earl.

Morcar, Harolds brother-in-law, became the new Earl of Northumbria. Forced into exile in Norway

The Oxford settlement leaves Tostig in exile and confirms Morcar as Earl of Northumbria.

Morcar's supporters insist at Oxford that his election must be recognized.

Harold continues negotiations at Oxford after failing to reconcile Tostig with the Northumbrians.

Negotiations at Oxford end without restoring Tostig to Northumbria.

Edward accepts a settlement recognizing Morcar and ending Tostig's rule in Northumbria.

Harold presents the rebels' demands to the royal government during the Oxford settlement.

Edward accepts the settlement under which Morcar replaces Tostig as Earl of Northumbria.

Morcar is elected Earl & Tostig deposed. At a general Witen Tostigs laws are anulled & Cnuts reinstated

Morcar is elected Earl & Tostig deposed. At a general Witen Tostigs laws are anulled & Cnuts reinstated

Morcar's position as Earl of Northumbria is accepted during the settlement reached at Oxford.

The Oxford settlement legalizes Morcar's position as Earl of Northumbria.

Edward's government recognizes Morcar as Earl of Northumbria after the Oxford negotiations.

Buried in Westminster Abbey

Begins to persecute the Catholic population. An Imperial army under George Basta occupies Transylvania

An Imperial army under George Basta occupies Transylvania

The starving Hugenot city of La Rochelle surrenders to Richelieu

Everard, known as Buff Coat, speaks for the radical soldier representatives as the Agitators and New Agents bring their constitutional demands before the General Council of the Army

Weale is associated with the New Agents who help carry the soldiers' demands into the Putney Debates, where the Army Council is forced to examine the Agreement of the People

Wildman assists the Agitators and New Agents by presenting radical arguments for the Agreement of the People against the Grandees' more moderate settlement

Allen takes part among the soldiers' representatives supporting the Agreement of the People, seeking constitutional guarantees before the Army accepts any settlement with Parliament or the King

Everard, known as Buff Coat, represents the New Agents who bring the Agreement of the People into the Army Council as the soldiers' alternative to the Grandees' Heads of the Proposals

Petty supports the Agreement of the People as a written constitutional settlement, pressing the case that political authority should be founded on the birthright and consent of the people

Sexby explains that soldiers and their civilian advisers have come to the Army Council to press the Agreement of the People because the Army's sacrifices require a secure public settlement

Wildman and other radical representatives press the Agreement of the People before the Army Council during the Putney Debates

Wildman and other radical representatives press the Agreement of the People before the General Council of the Army during the Putney Debates

Wildman helps present the Agreement of the People before the General Council of the Army, arguing that England's settlement should rest on the people's consent rather than on King, Lords and Commons alone

Wildman takes part before the Army Council as radical soldiers and civilian Leveller advisers press the Agreement of the People against the more moderate Heads of the Proposals

Cromwell chairs the Army Council at Putney for the Grandees, attempting to preserve Army unity while allowing Agitators and Leveller advisers to present their constitutional demands

Everard, known as Buff Coat, presents the Agreement of the People to the General Council of the Army and helps bring Leveller constitutional demands into the Army debates

Senior officers in the Army, nicknamed the Grandees, are angered by The Case of the Armie Truly Stated and invite the New Agents and their civilian supporters to debate their proposals before the General Council of the Army at the Putney Debates

Senior officers in the Army, nicknamed the Grandees, are angered by "The Case of the Army Truly Stated" and order the unofficial Agitators to explain their principles before the General Council of the Army at the Putney Debates

Sexby represents the Army radical side of the Leveller cause, arguing that the soldiers' sacrifices in the war require a settlement based on liberty, indemnity and political security

Wildman assists the Army radicals and New Agents at Putney, helping press the Leveller Agreement of the People against the Grandees' more moderate constitutional settlement

Wildman helps present the Agreement of the People to the Army Council as an alternative constitutional settlement.

Allen takes part as one of the Agitators, helping represent soldiers who believed the Army's sacrifices entitled them to a voice in the political settlement

Clarke records the proceedings for the General Council, preserving the arguments of the officers, Agitators and civilian advisers who took part

Cromwell attends Army Council debates over political settlement, representation and the army's demands.

Cromwell argues that the meeting should receive the radicals' proposals in orderly fashion so that the Army can judge their intentions and preserve unity

Cromwell chairs the opening session because Fairfax is absent and invites officers, soldiers and civilian advisers to speak on the public settlement after the First Civil War

Everard, identified in the record as Buff Coat, presents the soldiers' request for advice on the Agreement of the People and joins the debate over the Army's political programme

Fairfax is absent through illness, but the debates take place under the authority of the Army command that sought to prevent division between officers and rank-and-file soldiers

Senior officers in the Army, nicknamed the Grandees, are angered by The Case of the Armie Truly Stated and invite the New Agents and their civilian supporters to explain their principles before the General Council of the Army at the Putney Debates

Senior officers in the Army (nicknamed "Grandees") were incensed by the "Case of the Army" and ordered the unofficial Agitators to give an account of their principles before the General Council of the Army, known as the Putney Debates

Ireton argues against immediate manhood suffrage and defends property-based political rights.

Ireton explains that The Case of the Army had been referred to a committee, creating the immediate reason for inviting the New Agents to state their principles at Putney

Ireton supports committee examination of The Case of the Army, because the Grandees want the New Agents' demands tested before the Army accepts any radical settlement

Petty takes part as a civilian adviser connected with the Army radicals, supporting proposals for a written constitutional settlement based on popular consent

The Agitators are assisted by civilians including John Wildman and Maximilian Petty, who had been connected to Army affairs as civilian advisers

The Agitators are assisted by some civilians, notably John Wildman and Maximillian Petty, who had been connected to the Army as civilian advisers

Rainsborough takes part as the highest-ranking officer sympathetic to the Leveller position and challenges continued negotiation with the King

Sexby says the Army and kingdom require speedy relief, making soldiers' arrears, indemnity and constitutional security part of the reason the debates take place

Sexby takes part for the Army radicals, explaining that soldiers and their advisers have come to present their constitutional demands to the General Council of the Army

Weale, probably the Bedfordshire Man from Whalley's regiment, is associated with the New Agents who brought the soldiers' constitutional case before the General Council

Whalley's regiment is represented through the soldier known as the Bedfordshire Man, showing that regimental agents helped force the constitutional dispute onto the Army Council's agenda

The Agitators are assisted by some civilians, notably John Wildman and Maximillian Petty, who had been connected to the Army as civilian advisers

The Agitators are assisted by civilians including John Wildman and Maximilian Petty, who had been connected to Army affairs as civilian advisers

Wildman takes part as a civilian adviser to the Army radicals, helping press the Agreement of the People as an alternative to settlement by King, Lords and Commons

The States General formally supports the expedition of William III of Orange, presenting the intervention as necessary for Dutch security and Protestant interests.

Santa Cruz creates the Peru-Bolivian Confederation and becomes its Supreme Protector.

Santa Cruz formally organises Bolivia, North Peru and South Peru within the confederation.

Russia supports Austria's efforts to crush the revolutions of 1848

The Conference of Warsaw results in Russian support for Austria as well as the restoration of the German Confederation

The Warsaw Conference is attended by the Kingdom of Prussia, the Austrian Empire and the Russian Empire

The aims of the conference are to re-establish order in the German states following the revolutions of 1848 and to prevent war between Austria and Prussia over the Hessian Question

The Conference of Warsaw results in Russian support for Austria as well as the restoration of the German Confederation

Supports the Ottoman advance across the Danube that establishes the fortified Calafat bridgehead.

Crosses the Danube from Vidin and establishes an Ottoman bridgehead at Calafat.

Campero promulgates the constitution that anchors Bolivia's later oligarchic republic.

The Holstein-Ledreborg Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

Begins the First Zahle Government in Copenhagen and serves as Council President of Denmark.

Completes a memorandum advocating the creation of a Naval War Staff

Organises Ottoman resistance at Scutari.

Jodl is commissioned as a lieutenant in the Bavarian artillery.

Montenegrin forces besiege Scutari.

Reduces the size of the War Council

Threatens to resign if Asquith carries out his announcement to reduce the War Council

Reduces the size of the War Council.

Kerensky joins Krasnov's headquarters while seeking military support for a counter-revolutionary campaign.

Krasnov gathers Cossack forces south of Petrograd after agreeing to support Kerensky's attempt to challenge Bolshevik power.

Krasnov's Cossack detachment advances toward Gatchina during the unsuccessful attempt to restore the Provisional Government.

The committee helps defend the new regime.

The Kaiser signs amended constitution

Helps proclaim Czechoslovak independence in Prague.

The Committee of Action is formed in Milan which becomes the fascist HQ

The PNF is the main agent of an attempted coup, the March on Rome

Signed by the Facta Cabinet, orders Royal guards & Carabinieri to prevent disturbances

The PNF is the main agent of an attempted coup, the March on Rome

Agrees to declare a state of emergency & use the army to impose martial law

The PNF is the main agent of an attempted coup, the March on Rome

Believes fascist revolt can ended in a few hours but the King refuses to use the Army

Believes the fascist revolt can be put down but the King refuses to use the Army

Advises the King to use the Army to put down the rebellion but the King refuses

Fails to get Victor Emmanuel to agree to martial law & resigns

Agrees to declare a state of emergency & use the army to impose martial law

Appointed Prime Minister of Persia

The first "Black Monday", more investors decide to get out of the market, and the slide continues with a record loss in the Dow for the day of 13%

The first "Black Monday", more investors decide to get out of the market, and the slide continues with a record loss in the Dow for the day of 13%

Appointed Prime Minister of Persia

17,000 Polish Jews are expelled

Farewell parade of the International Brigade

Graf Spee meets Altmark near Tristan da Cunha for another refuelling before turning toward the Indian Ocean.

Langsdorff turns Graf Spee toward the Indian Ocean to widen the search for merchant targets and complicate British tracking.

Founds the Advisery War Council

Promises support after Italy attacks Greece.

The Battle of Greece becomes a continuation of the Greco-Italian War

Metaxas rejected the ultimatum (the refusal is commemorated as Ohi Day, a national holiday in Greece), but even before its expiration, Italian troops had invaded Greece through Albania. Italian Ambassador Emmanuel Grazzi presents Metaxas with a three-hour ultimatum, in which he demands free passage for troops to occupy unspecified "strategic sites" within Greek territory

The Battle of Greece becomes a continuation of the Greco-Italian War

Metaxas rejects the Italian ultimatum (commemorated as Ohi Day, a national holiday in Greece)

The failed invasion attempt diverts German divisions from the Russian front

Metaxas rejects Italy's ultimatum and Greece enters the Second World War.

Orders urgent priority for Bletchley Park resources after receiving the codebreakers' appeal for more support.

Make sure they have all they want on extreme priority and report to me that this has been done.", more than two hundred bombes were in operation by the end of the war.

This record states: Churchill then wrote a memo to General Ismay which read: "ACTION THIS DAY.

This record states: Writes directly to Churchill spelling out his difficulties emphasising how small the need is compared with the vast expenditure of men and money by the forces and compared with the level of assistance they could offer.

Miners go on strike

Orders destruction of German forces west of the Rhine to establish bridgeheads

Jodl transmits an order for evacuation and destruction in northern Norway as German forces withdraw.

Orders destruction of German forces west of the Rhine to establish bridgeheads

Orders the November Offensive which destroys all German forces west of the River Rhine

The order transmitted by Jodl directs destruction intended to deny shelter and resources to advancing Soviet forces.

Appoints Albert Wedemeyer as chief of staff for the China Theater after the United States reorganizes the former China-Burma-India command.

Unanimously confirmed as the president of the republic by the National Assembly

Unanimously confirmed as the president of the republic by the National Assembly

Dulles receives reports indicating that Israeli military action against Egypt may be imminent.

Eisenhower warns Israel against widening the Middle East crisis as mobilisation becomes evident.

Ben-Gurion gives final political approval for the Sinai offensive.

Tolkowsky commands the Israeli Air Force as it intercepts an Egyptian aircraft carrying senior military officers on the eve of Kadesh.

Dayan orders final mobilisation and deployment for Operation Kadesh.

Directs Wir Wunderkinder, a satire of post-war West Germany.

After leaving the hospital, Lee checked out of the Hotel Berlin and registered at Moscow's Metropole Hotel.

Brian Epstein learns of the existence of The Beatles

Publicly accepts a settlement based on Soviet missile withdrawal and an American pledge not to invade Cuba.

Biryuzov's missile forces received orders to dismantle the Cuban launch sites and prepare the strategic missiles for return shipment.

Bundy helped coordinate immediate follow-up after the Soviet decision to dismantle and remove the offensive missiles.

Khrushchev agrees to remove the Soviet missiles from Cuba. Castro demands that the USA evacuate Cuba's Guantanamo naval base.

Castro issued five demands for a broader settlement and rejected foreign inspection on Cuban territory.

Castro learned that Khrushchev had agreed to remove the missiles without first securing Cuban approval of the settlement.

Raul Castro helped manage Cuban military readiness after Moscow announced that the strategic missiles would be withdrawn.

Dobrynin reported American reactions to Moscow as the Soviet government announced acceptance of the missile-withdrawal settlement.

Gromyko participated in implementing the diplomatic settlement after Khrushchev agreed to withdraw the offensive missiles.

Kennedy welcomed Khrushchev's decision as an important contribution to peace.

Kennedy directed officials to continue verification and quarantine measures until Soviet offensive weapons were actually removed.

Robert Kennedy participated in discussions on implementing the agreement while maintaining secrecy around the private Turkish missile understanding.

Khrushchev agrees to remove the Soviet missiles from Cuba. Khruschev removes the missiles but on the understanding the USA does not invade Cuba.

Khrushchev ordered the offensive missiles dismantled and returned to the Soviet Union under the emerging settlement.

Malinovsky transmitted orders connected with dismantling and returning the offensive missile systems after the political settlement.

McCone emphasized continued reconnaissance and verification after Khrushchev agreed to dismantle and remove the offensive missiles.

McNamara directed the military to maintain pressure and surveillance while Soviet forces began preparing the missiles for removal.

Rusk directed diplomatic work on verification and implementation after Moscow announced that the missiles would be removed.

Sorensen assisted with Kennedy's public response welcoming the Soviet decision to remove the missiles from Cuba.

Taylor kept United States forces at high readiness while officials awaited evidence that Soviet dismantling had begun.

Thompson helped assess Khrushchev's acceptance message and advised continued attention to Soviet implementation.

Welcomes Krushchevs offer to remove missiles from Cuba. Khruschev removes the missiles but on the understanding the USA does not invade Cuba

Orders Soviet offensive missiles in Cuba dismantled and returned to the Soviet Union.

Appointed shadow spokesman on pensions

Pope Paul VI issues a decree absolving Jews of collective guilt for the crucifixion of Jesus Christ

The Kinks release Face to Face.

Supports federalisation creating Czech and Slovak republics.

Votes for European Community entry and helps rally pro-European Labour Members of Parliament.

Defies Labour's official position during the decisive Commons vote on European entry.

Meets Israeli officers at Kilometre 101 to discuss implementation of the ceasefire.

Appointed Speaker of the House of Commons

Smith attends negotiations on an interim authority and the transfer to majority rule.

Smith attends the opening of the Geneva Conference on Rhodesia's political future.

Restricts reprocessing and sensitive nuclear exports.

Provides the hard, direct drumming throughout Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols.

Records most of the guitar work and some bass parts on the Sex Pistols' only studio album.

Engineers Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols during sessions at Wessex Studios.

Produces Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols with engineer Bill Price.

Moving Targets enters the UK albums chart and reaches number twenty-two.

Majles approves Mousavi as prime minister after Khomeini accepts him as a compromise candidate

Metallica is formed by guitarist and vocalist James Hetfield and Danish-born drummer Lars Ulrich, after both had placed classified advertisements in the publication The Recycler about forming a band

Metallica is formed by guitarist and vocalist James Hetfield and Danish-born drummer Lars Ulrich, after both had placed classified advertisements in the publication The Recycler about forming a band

The Sunday Times discloses the miners asked Libya for money

Jason Newsted, formerly of Arizonas Flotsam and Jetsam is asked to join, Newsted officially joins Metallica three weeks after Burtons funeral

Non Communist Parties triumph in elections in Georgia & call for independence

Supports the Rome conclusions advancing the second stage of economic and monetary union.

Supports the Rome conclusions favouring gradual transformation of the Community into a political union.

Non Communist Parties triumph in elections in Georgia & call for independence

Non Communist Parties triumph in elections in Georgia & call for independence

Supports work on the timetable and institutional design for economic and monetary union.

Represents Greek economic policy during negotiations on the institutional design of monetary union.

Dragan Covic becomes Croat member of the Presidency

Mirko Sarovic becomes Serb member of the Presidency

Sulejman Tihic becomes Bosniak member of the Presidency

Becomes Arsenal's youngest first-team player in a League Cup match against Rotherham United.

The European Union grants a Brexit extension to 31 January 2020.

Birth of Edward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans

Birth of Garrinca

Birth of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Huntly dies after defeat and capture at Corrichie

Death of Indiairth of Nuruddin Salim Jahangir

Defeats Maxentius & makes himself Master of the Roman Western Empire

Constantine defeats the rebel legions of Maxentius

Defeats a Marmeluke force near Gaza

Huntly is defeated by forces loyal to Mary

Defeats George Gordon Earl of Huntly at Corrichie near Aberdeen

Moray commands Mary's forces at Corrichie

The Prince of Transylvania in alliance with the Habsburgs defeats Pasha

The Prince of Transylvania conquers Wallachia by defeating Pasha

Defeats Andrew Bathory and enters Transylvania.

Defeated by Michael of Moldova

Breaks with Peter I and seeks Swedish support before the Poltava campaign.

Re-enters the war against Sweden after the Swedish defeat at Poltava.

After the Jacobite victory at Prestonpans Cumberland has returned to England

The British forces inflict heavy casualties on Washingtons army

The Battle of Greece becomes a continuation of the Greco-Italian War

The Battle of Greece becomes a continuation of the Greco-Italian War

The Battle of Greece becomes a continuation of the Greco-Italian War

A simple golden band was placed on the young boys head, not by the Archbishop of Canterbury but by another clergyman-either Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester or Cardinal Guala Bicchieri, the Papal legate.

Henry III is inducted for a 2nd time.

Henry III swears an oath to defend the Church of God.

Henry III swears an oath to protect the peace of clergy and people and to defend the law.

Henry III was the first monarch to be crowned while still a minor.