September 3 in History

During Richards coronation many of the Jews in York are massacred

Edward the Black Prince plunders Tours

The siege ends in a disaster for Castille. A plague outbreak together with the constant attacks by Portuguese forces led by Nuno Alvares Pereira causes huge casualties among the Castilian ranks, who are forced to retreat four months after the start of the siege

The siege ends in a disaster for Castille. A plague outbreak together with the constant attacks by Portuguese forces led by Nuno Alvares Pereira causes huge casualties among the Castilian ranks, who are forced to retreat four months after the start of the siege

Etall Castle surrenders to the Scots

Captures Szekesfehervar after an Ottoman siege.

The former Hungarian coronation city falls to Suleyman's army.

Defeated despite having a force of 22,000, a 2:1 advantage

Cromwell defeated the Scottish army supporting Charles II at Dunbar.

Fleetwood advances along the west bank of the Severn toward the Teme crossings as the Parliamentarian attack begins.

Captured at the Battle of Worcester, fights for the Royalists

Arrested at the Battle of Worcester but escapes & returns to the Highlands

Deane attacks Powick Bridge with Parliamentarian troops, fixing Scottish defenders while Fleetwood seeks another crossing of the Teme.

Cromwell's forces turn captured guns at Fort Royal against Worcester as Royalist resistance disintegrates.

John Maitland, Earl of Lauderdale, is captured among the senior Scottish Royalists after Worcester.

Keith is captured after his defenders lose their position at Powick Bridge and Parliamentarian troops force a crossing.

Dalyell is captured after fighting for Charles II at Worcester and is later imprisoned in the Tower of London.

Leslie, Earl of Rothes, is captured with other senior Scottish officers after the Royalist army collapses at Worcester.

Parliamentarian troops seize Fort Royal during Cromwell's final assault, breaking a major part of Worcester's south-eastern defence.

Hamilton leads Royalist and Scottish troops in a determined charge against Parliamentarian positions around Perry Wood.

Charles II personally rallies Royalist troops for a counterattack against the weakened Parliamentarian positions east of Worcester.

Deane finally carries Powick Bridge after the Scottish position begins collapsing under pressure from the flanking attack.

Cromwell personally leads three brigades across the Severn pontoon to reinforce the Parliamentarian attack west of the river.

Keith holds Powick Bridge against Deane's repeated efforts to force a Parliamentarian crossing.

Montgomery commands Scottish troops defending the meadows north of the Teme and coordinates resistance around Powick Bridge.

Pitscottie's Highlanders defend the Teme crossing near the river confluence against Fleetwood's advancing Parliamentarian troops.

Charles II abandons the defeated Royalist army and escapes north from Worcester with a small group of companions.

Villiers escapes from Worcester with Charles II after Parliamentarian forces overwhelm the Royalist army.

Wilmot escapes the Royalist defeat at Worcester and remains among the small group assisting Charles II's flight.

Cromwell's brigades strike the Scottish flank while Fleetwood presses from the front, forcing the defenders away from the Teme.

Stanley helps guide Charles II away from Worcester toward the Royalist refuges around Boscobel after the battle.

Charles suffered defeat at Worcester during his attempt to recover the English throne.

Charles II watches the developing battle from Worcester Cathedral tower before leaving to rally troops east of the Severn.

Fleetwood's advance guard crosses the floating bridge over the Teme but meets determined resistance from Pitscottie's Highlanders.

Lambert supports the Parliamentarian effort to secure the Teme crossing and push the Scottish defenders back toward Worcester.

Cromwell reinforces the eastern fighting after Charles II's counterattack threatens Parliamentarian positions around Perry Wood.

Pitscottie's Highlanders initially drive back Parliamentarian troops after they cross the pontoon over the Teme.

Dalziel holds a Scottish reserve on higher ground between Powick and Worcester while the fighting develops along the Teme.

Dalziel's reserve falls back toward Worcester as the Scottish defensive line south of the city collapses.

Pitscottie's Highlanders retreat toward Worcester after being attacked from the front and flank near the Teme crossings.

Charles II moves through Sidbury Gate toward Fort Royal and Perry Wood while rallying troops for the eastern counterattack.

Leslie commands Scottish cavalry positioned around Pitchcroft while the decisive fighting develops south and east of Worcester.

Hamilton is mortally wounded during the Royalist counterattack at Perry Wood and is carried back into Worcester.

Montgomery is badly wounded as Parliamentarian forces gain control of the north bank of the Teme.

The first Protectorate Parliament meets for the first time

Serves as Speaker when the First Protectorate Parliament assembles

Cromwell opened the First Protectorate Parliament under the new constitutional system.

Addresses the first Protectorate Parliament at its inaugural meeting

Oliver Cromwell died, destabilising the Protectorate settlement.

Richard Cromwell succeeded his father without possessing comparable military authority.

Appointed Lord Protector, 3 hrs after the death of his father Oliver Cromwell

James II marries Anne Hyde, daughter of Edward Hyde

James II marries Anne Hyde, daughter of Edward Hyde

James II Marries Anne Hyde, daughter of Edward Hyde

James II Marries Anne Hyde, daughter of Edward Hyde

Handed the marshalls baton by the Herman of Baden during the Turkish siege of Vienna

Appointed Marshal

Appointed Marshal

Raises the siege of Vienna. Handed the Marshalls baton by the Herman of Baden during the Turkish siege of Vienna

The citadel of Tournai surrenders after a prolonged Allied siege.

Allies Britain, Prussia & France against Austria & Spain

Faces peacetime uncertainty after the American War ends.

Under the Treaty of Paris Britain cedes Florida to Spain

The Treaty of Paris is signed by Britain & the US, formally ending the war. Britain signs a Peace Pact with France & Spain at Versailles, ceding Florida to Spain

Participates in the constitutional settlement that establishes a limited monarchy

Participates in the constitutional settlement that establishes a limited monarchy.

The completed Constitution established the framework within which Louis XVI could resume authority as a constitutional monarch.

The completed Constitution of 1791 is presented as France's new constitutional settlement

The completed Constitution of 1791 is presented as France's new constitutional settlement.

The 1789 Declaration is placed at the head of the Constitution of 1791 as its statement of fundamental principles.

Danton supported stronger economic and military emergency measures, including a revolutionary army, during the Republic's crisis.

Wellington informs his superiors he has cleared Zealand of resistance

Otto agrees to summon a National Assembly following the September uprising.

A military and popular uprising compels King Otto to accept constitutional government.

United States forces begin the amphibious siege of Veracruz

Lincoln appoints Hugh McCulloch as Secretary of the Treasury

William I & Alexander II try to put right some misunderstandings

Zola convinces the public that papers used in Dreyfusss trial were forged. The Minister for War resigns after the Dreyfuss trial is reopened. The Cabinet decides to retry Dreyfuss

A statue in honour of Cromwell is unveiled opposite the Houses of Parliament

Annexation of the Transvaal is announced

Smuts crosses the Orange River with his commando and begins a difficult campaign deep inside Cape Colony.

Captures Nanjing

The capital of France is moved to Bordeaux

The Russians capture Lemberg, Lwow, capital of Austrian Galicia

The Russians capture Lemberg, Lwow, capital of Austrian Galicia

The Russians capture Lemberg

Advances the First Army to within 50 km east of Paris

Advances the First Army to within 50 km east of Paris

Prince William leaves Albania during revolt and the outbreak of World War One

Paris is placed in a state of siege

The Duma is prorogued

Haig continues attacks around Guillemont to improve the British position before renewed larger operations.

The Germans capture Riga

Bruchmuller & Hutier capture Riga, remains in German hands until the end of the war

Bruchmuller & Hutier capture Riga, remains in German hands until the end of the war

Tries to stabilise political authority after the Kornilov confrontation exposes deep divisions within revolutionary Russia.

Riga remains in German hands until the end of the war

Commandant of Kremlin, Malkov, executes Kaplan for attempting to assassinate Lenin

Malkov executes Kaplan for attempting to assassinate Lenin

Faces military pressure as officers protest delays in passing social legislation.

Guzman assumes interim authority during the presidential succession crisis.

After a six-year run when the world saw the Dow Jones Industrial Average increase in value fivefold, prices peaked at 381.17 on September 3, 1929, the market then fell sharply for a month, losing 17% of its value on the initial leg down

9 March-16 June, 1st phase of the "Hundred Days" to reform the economy

9 March-16 June, 1st phase of the "Hundred Days" to reform the economy

9 March-16 June, 1st phase of the "Hundred Days" to reform the economy

Pays a State visit to Mussolini in Rome

Parliament passes the National Services (Armed Forces) Act

Makes a broadcast to the nation after the declaration of war

Chain Home forms part of Britain's wartime air defence system.

Declares war on Germany, at 11 AM

Present at Antibes when Britain declares war

Polands western allies, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand declare war on Germany, soon followed by France, South Africa and Canada

Australia declares war

Returns to government as Dominions Secretary at the outbreak of the Second World War

Uses wartime powers to organise emergency hospital provision.

Appointed First Sea Lord of the Admiralty & Member of Cabinet

The Polish airforce is destroyed

Parliament passes the National Services (Armed Forces) Act

On the day Britain declares war on Germany Hertzog supports neutrality

Hitler pays a State visit to Mussolini in Rome

Welcomes the arrival of Spanish Republican refugees transported to Chile aboard the Winnipeg.

The OKW issues a command saying the earliest date for sailing will be Twentieth Sept. Issues a directive with the decision to invade England be taken by 11th September

Issues a directive with the decision to invade England be taken by 11th September

600 Russian prisoners of war are gassed, 1st experiment with Zykon B

600 Russian prisoners of war are gassed, 1st experiment with Zykon B

Authorizes acceptance of the Allied short armistice terms and empowers Castellano to sign them.

Receives authority from the Badoglio government to sign the short military armistice terms.

Signs the short military armistice with the Allies on behalf of Marshal Badoglio.

Authorizes General Giuseppe Castellano to sign the military armistice with the Allies at Cassibile.

Some of the Eighth Army cross the Straits of Messina & land on the Calabrian Coast

Directs Eighth Army's crossing of the Strait of Messina into Calabria during Operation Baytown.

13 Corps capture Reggio during the Allied invasion of Italy

13 Corps capture San Giovanni during the Allied invasion of Italy

The Allies invade Italy, Hitler decides only the north can be held & forms Army Group B

Some of the Eighth Army cross the Straits of Messina & land on the Calabrian Coast

13 Corps lands on the beaches between Reggio & Villa San Giovanni

Italy's surrender removes a major Axis partner from active war against the Allies.

Italy leaves the Axis war effort and enters an armistice with the Allies.

Italy surrenders to the Allies

Italy surrenders to the Allies

The Finns announce an armistice with Russia & will break off relations with Germany

British troops occupy Brussels

The Finns give Germany 14 days to evacuate an army of 250,000

Russia demands German withdrawal from Finland

MacArthur formally receives Japan's capitulation on behalf of the Allied powers.

Japanese forces in the Philippines formally cease organised resistance.

Formally accepts the surrender of Japan on the aircraft-carrier Missouri

Signs the surrender of the Japanese forces in the Philippines

Promulgates legislation outlawing the Communist Party and removing many members from electoral rolls.

China begins to bomb Quemoy

Menzies begins talks with Nasser on proposals for international management of the canal.

The Kampmann Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the First Krag Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Appointed Prime Minister of Denmark, 1st term

Signs the Wilderness Act, creating the National Wilderness Preservation System.

Elected president of South Vietnam under the new constitution

Elected vice president on Nguyen Van Thieu's ticket

Participates in the burglary of psychiatrist Lewis Fielding's office as White House operatives search for information that could discredit Pentagon Papers source Daniel Ellsberg.

Hunt's first assignment for the White House (Special Investigations Unit) was a covert operation to break into the Los Angeles office of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist, Dr. Lewis J. Fielding. In July 1971, Fielding had refused an FBI request for psychiatric data on Ellsberg. Hunt and Liddy cased the building in late August. The burglary, on September 3, 1971, was not detected, but no Ellsberg files were found

Hunt's first assignment for the White House (Special Investigations Unit) was a covert operation to break into the Los Angeles office of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist, Dr. Lewis J. Fielding. In July 1971, Fielding had refused an FBI request for psychiatric data on Ellsberg. Hunt and Liddy cased the building in late August. The burglary, on September 3, 1971, was not detected, but no Ellsberg files were found

Hunt's first assignment for the White House (Special Investigations Unit) was a covert operation to break into the Los Angeles office of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist, Dr. Lewis J. Fielding. In July 1971, Fielding had refused an FBI request for psychiatric data on Ellsberg. Hunt and Liddy cased the building in late August. The burglary, on September 3, 1971, was not detected, but no Ellsberg files were found

Hunt's first assignment for the White House (Special Investigations Unit) was a covert operation to break into the Los Angeles office of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist, Dr. Lewis J. Fielding. In July 1971, Fielding had refused an FBI request for psychiatric data on Ellsberg. Hunt and Liddy cased the building in late August. The burglary, on September 3, 1971, was not detected, but no Ellsberg files were found

Social Republican Party dominates National Assembly elections

I participates in political reform connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Black South Africans remain excluded from national parliamentary representation.

The new tricameral constitutional system comes into force.

1st member of the Royal Family to appear on a live radio phone in on BBC Radio 4

Mircea Snegur becomes President of the Moldovan SSR

Founds the UK Independence Party to campaign for withdrawal from the European Union.

Blair announces he will publish a dossier on Iraq's weapons of mass destruction

The National Assembly votes to dismiss Home Affairs Minister Kim Doo Kwan

Scores a spectacular long-range goal against Sevilla on his league debut at Camp Nou.

The National Assembly votes to dismiss Home Affairs Minister Kim Doo Kwan

Is re-elected chairman of the National Defence Commission.

Is re-elected chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly Presidium.

Beslan school hostage crisis, Russian police and soldiers storm the school, 344 civilians and 31 of 32 hostage-takers are killed

Former Bangladesh PM Khaleda Zia and one of her sons are arrested on charges of corruption and misuse of power

British forces withdraw from Basra Palace to the airport base.

A US Navy ship loaded with humanitarian aid steamed through the Dardanelles on its way to Georgia, as the Bush administration prepared to roll out a $1 billion economic aid package for the ex-Soviet republic

A US Navy ship loaded with humanitarian aid steamed through the Dardanelles on its way to Georgia, as the Bush administration prepared to roll out a $1 billion economic aid package for the ex-Soviet republic

Malala Yousafzai opens the Library of Birmingham in Centenary Square.

The United Nations approves Muhammad Tayyab Azam of Pakistan as Force Commander of MINURSO in Western Sahara.

North Korea conducts its sixth and largest announced nuclear test explosion.

North Korea conducts its sixth nuclear test.

Zelensky announces Reznikov will be replaced as defence minister.

Resigns as Ukraine's defence minister

Birth of Matthew Boulton, later central to Birmingham’s industrial growth.

Birth of Eugene de Beauharnais

Birth of Hardinge Stanley Giffard

Birth of Michael Cimino

Birth of Kjell Magne Bondevik

Death of Robert Stewart, in Stirling Castle and lies buried in Dunfermline Abbey in Fife

Hears of the death of Cromwell while in exile in The Netherlands. Death of Cromwell, it is certain the monarchy will be restored

Death of Oliver Cromwell, during a bout of malarial fever

Death of Oliver Cromwell

Keeps the army in Scotland calm after Oliver Cromwell dies.

Death of Fanya Kaplan, executed

Death of Eduard Benes.

Death of Billy Wright

Joins forces with his father & commands the rear of the English Army

Surrey joins up with his son Thomas Howard, the Lord Admiral

Defeats David Leslie's Scottish army at Dunbar and opens the route to Edinburgh.

Helps Cromwell defeat the Scottish Army

Leads a cavalry charge leaving the Scots with 3,000 killed to the Roundheads 30

Lambert helps command Parliamentarian forces during the victory at Dunbar.

Commands the Scottish Army which is defeated by Oliver Cromwell

Leslie commands the Scottish Covenanter army defeated by Cromwell at Dunbar.

Commands infantry during Cromwell's victory over the Scottish Covenanter army at Dunbar.

Overton commands a brigade of Foot at the Battle of Dunbar

Commands a brigade of Foot

Leads a force of 16,000 against Cromwell's force of 30,000. Charles is forced to go into hiding then escape from England. Attempts a "break out" from Worcester against Cromwell but is forced back

Charles II leads the Royalist army defeated by Cromwell at Worcester before escaping into exile.

Charles II leads the Royalist army, counterattacks east of the Severn and escapes after Cromwell's forces break into Worcester.

Cromwell leads a Parliamentarian army of about thirty thousand against Charles II's smaller Royalist and Scottish force at Worcester.

Leads about 28,000 Parliamentarian troops to victory over Charles II at Worcester.

Leads a Parliamentary force up the River Severn prior to the Battle of Worcester

Deane attacks Powick Bridge and finally forces a crossing after Scottish defenders begin retreating toward Worcester.

Drummond commands a Royalist brigade at Worcester, is captured and later escapes from imprisonment.

Arrested at the Battle of Worcester but escapes & returns to the Highlands. A Royalist Commander at the Battle of Worcester

Fleetwood directs Parliamentarian troops across the Teme and presses the Scottish defenders back toward Worcester.

Leads a Parliamentary force across the River Teme prior to the Battle of Worcester. Forces Charles IIs Scottish allies back into the confines of Worcester

Fleetwood commands Parliamentarian troops during the final battle of the Civil War at Worcester.

Helps defeats the Scots & Royalists

Lambert helps force the Teme crossings and drives Scottish defenders back during Parliament's attack on Worcester.

Captured in battle while supporting Charles II at Worcester

David Leslie commands the Scottish cavalry during Charles II's defeat at Worcester.

Captured at the Battle of Worcester, fights for the Royalists

Commands a Parliamentary regiment in a victory over the Royalists

Pride takes part in Cromwell's Parliamentarian victory at Worcester after previously commanding a brigade during the Scottish campaign.

Captured during the Battle of Worcester supporting Charles I

Stanley fights for Charles II at Worcester, escapes the battlefield and is captured later near Nantwich.

Defeats the French under Jourdan & Moreau

The Russians counter-attack & Austrian gains are lost

Hotzrndorf is forced to retreat to the River San

Bruchmuller & Hutier capture Riga, remains in German hands until the end of the war

Riga remains in German hands until the end of the war. Bruchmuller & Hutier capture Riga

Claims another Bf 109 destroyed.

Continues his rapid series of victories with No. 303 Squadron.

Will spend 6 months of his reign in England. Crowned King of England, 1st time