Mobilization
Embarks on the 3rd Crusade, heads for France & does not return for 4 years
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On this date in world history
December 12 in History
This permanent archive page contains 193 World History Database records for December 12, spanning 1189 to 2025. Recorded topics include Mobilization; Death of Waleran de Beaumont; Coronation.
Total: 193Events: 176Births: 1Deaths: 8Battles: 6Coronations: 2Countries: 37
Events on December 12
Arrest of Thomas Howard
Arrested & sent to the Tower, increases Somersets power
Treason
Sentenced to death for treason
Trial
Sentenced to death for treason
Marriage
An agreement is made for the marriage of the Prince of Wales to Henrietta Maria
Demand for Irish War Supplies
Charles asks the Lords for resources to protect subjects threatened by the Irish rebellion.
Demand for Irish War Supplies
Charles asks the Lords for resources to protect subjects threatened by the Irish rebellion.
Barebones Parliament
The Barebones Parliament is forcefully dissolved
Dissolution of Parliament
The Barebones Parliament is forcefully dissolved
Interregnum
Rous joined members who surrendered the assembly's authority to Cromwell.
Arrest of James II
Detained by magistrates at Faversham while attempting to reach France
Invasion of Silesia
Orders his generals to invade Silesia
Appointment of Defence Counsel
Louis XVI received legal assistance from Malesherbes, Tronchet and de Sèze in preparing his defense.
Maximum Repeal
The Law of the Maximum is repealed during the Thermidorian retreat from economic controls
Maximum Repeal
The Law of the Maximum is repealed during the Thermidorian retreat from economic controls.
Trial
Carrier is tried and executed as the Convention turns against extreme agents of the Terror
Trial
Carrier is tried and executed as the Convention turns against extreme agents of the Terror.
Election for Birmingham
Attwood is elected as one of Birmingham's first Members of Parliament.
Atlantic Pacific Transit
Treaty supports American use of Panama as an Atlantic to Pacific transit corridor
Canal Diplomacy
Treaty becomes an early diplomatic foundation for later United States canal ambitions
Canal Zone Precedent
Treaty establishes a precedent for later United States involvement in Panama transit policy
Commercial Navigation Treaty
Treaty of peace amity navigation and commerce links United States trade policy to Panama transit
Diplomat
Signs treaty guaranteeing United States transit rights across the Isthmus of Panama
Diplomat
United States and New Granada sign treaty guaranteeing transit across the isthmus
Free Transit Clause
Treaty grants free transit over existing or future routes across the Isthmus of Panama
Future Communications Route
Treaty language covers routes that may later be constructed across Panama
Interoceanic Route
Polk administration treats the Panama route as a strategic interoceanic connection
Isthmian Transit Rights
United States obtains rights of transit across the Isthmus of Panama
Mallarino Bidlack Treaty
Polk administration secures treaty framework for United States transit across the Isthmus of Panama
Military Protection Clause
Treaty is later interpreted as permitting United States protection of isthmian transit
Neutrality Guarantee
United States agrees to guarantee the neutrality of the isthmian transit route
New Granada Sovereignty
United States recognizes and guarantees New Granadan sovereignty over the Isthmus of Panama
New Granada Treaty Rights
Treaty creates reciprocal rights and obligations between the United States and New Granada over Panama transit
Pacific Access
Treaty strengthens United States access between Atlantic and Pacific routes
Panama Canal
Mallarino Bidlack Treaty creates an early legal basis for future American canal policy in Panama
Panama Railroad Precedent
Treaty helps prepare the legal environment for later United States-backed railroad transit across Panama
Panama Transit Guarantee
United States guarantee becomes a key legal background to later Panama Canal diplomacy
Route Neutrality
United States guarantee of neutrality makes Panama transit a matter of American foreign policy
Strategic Transit Policy
Polk administration advances a strategic policy of protected isthmian communication
Transit Route Protection
Treaty gives the United States a diplomatic interest in protecting transit across Panama
Exile of Guisseppe Garibaldi
Arrives at Rome on the invitation of the Revolutionary Government
Bang Premiership
Begins the Bang Premiership in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.
End of Ørsted Government
The Ørsted Government ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.
Privy Council
Appointed Member of Privy Council, by Queen Victoria
Arrest of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
Makes a dramatic escape from the Boers which reaches the world's headlines
Arrest of Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
The Boers offer 25 pounds for Churchill dead or alive
Bounty
The Boers offer 25 pounds for Churchill dead or alive
Escape from Pretoria
Escapes from Boer captivity and reaches safety.
Defection
Informs his constituency he will not contest the next election. Churchill has decided to join the Liberal Party
Election
Informs his constituency he will not contest the next election
Constitution of Russia
The Zemstvo are given a broader national & local role. Changes agreed by the Tsar become law, still no representitive form of Government
Delhi Durbar
Attends the Delhi Durbar with Queen Mary.
Black Yellow Offensive
After the failure of the Austrian Black Yellow offensive, Germany takes over ultimate control of Austro-Hungarian forces
Black Yellow Offensive
After the failure of the Austrian Black Yellow offensive, Germany takes over ultimate control of Austro-Hungarian forces
Peace
Issues a Peace Note for negotiations, hopes to control Belgium & North East France
Provisional Government
Kerensky develops his views through provisional government after 1917.
Economic Council Address
Addresses the Provisional Reich Economic Council as the government seeks support for stabilization and reparations policy.
Dismissal
Kundt is removed from command after major Bolivian reverses in the Chaco War
Restoration of 1923 Constitution
Restores the 1923 Constitution after sustained nationalist pressure.
Arrest of Chiang Kai-Shek
Chiang Kaishek is captured in Xian & detained in the HQ of General Yang
Arrest of Chiang Kai-Shek
Is seized at Xi’an by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng during the Xi’an Incident.
Executive Authority External Relations Act
Uses the British abdication crisis to reduce the Crown's constitutional role in Irish external relations.
Cruiser Concentration Ordered off River Plate
Harwood orders Ajax, Achilles and Exeter to concentrate off the River Plate before his predicted arrival of the German raider.
Norway Invasion Planning Conference
Jodl discusses plans for an invasion of Norway with Hitler, Keitel and Raeder.
River Plate Squadron Rehearses Action Plan
Harwood's three cruisers conduct manoeuvres and rehearse the tactics intended for an encounter with a German pocket battleship.
Invasion of Russia
During the German relief operation at Stalingrad, Soviet forces had been redeployed, lesser objectives substituted, and the operation renamed "Little Saturn".
Invasion of Russia
Following the success of Operation Uranus, the Red Army began Operation Saturn, to cut off Army Group A and all troops east of Rostov.
Invasion of Russia
Spearheaded by some of the first Tiger tanks, the offensive got within 48 km (30 mi) of the southern 6th Army front, but the Germans made no attempt to break out.
Invasion of Russia
The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army. A relief operation called Operation Winter Storm began.
Invasion of Russia
The failure was followed by a siege that lasted for almost three months, during which 6th Army was destroyed
Operation Case Blue
During the German relief operation at Stalingrad, Soviet forces had been redeployed, lesser objectives substituted, and the operation renamed "Little Saturn".
Operation Case Blue
Following the success of Operation Uranus, the Red Army began Operation Saturn, to cut off Army Group A and all troops east of Rostov.
Operation Case Blue
Spearheaded by some of the first Tiger tanks, the offensive got within 48 km (30 mi) of the southern 6th Army front, but the Germans made no attempt to break out.
Operation Case Blue
The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army. A relief operation called Operation Winter Storm began.
Operation Case Blue
The failure was followed by a siege that lasted for almost three months, during which 6th Army was destroyed
Operation Little Saturn
Following the success of Operation Uranus, the Red Army began Operation Saturn, to cut off Army Group A and all troops east of Rostov. During the German relief operation at Stalingrad, Soviet forces had been redeployed, lesser objectives substituted, and the operation renamed "Little Saturn". The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army
Operation Uranus
Following the success of Operation Uranus, the Red Army began Operation Saturn, to cut off Army Group A and all troops east of Rostov. During the German relief operation at Stalingrad, Soviet forces had been redeployed, lesser objectives substituted, and the operation renamed "Little Saturn". The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army
Operation Winter Storm
A relief operation called Operation Winter Storm began. Spearheaded by some of the first Tiger tanks, the offensive got within 48 km (30 mi) of the southern 6th Army front, but the Germans made no attempt to break out. The failure was followed by a siege that lasted for almost three months, during which 6th Army was destroyed
Red Army
Following the success of Operation Uranus, the Red Army began Operation Saturn, to cut off Army Group A and all troops east of Rostov. During the German relief operation at Stalingrad, Soviet forces had been redeployed, lesser objectives substituted, and the operation renamed "Little Saturn".
Red Army
The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army
Red Army
The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army.
Siege of Stalingrad
A relief operation called Operation Winter Storm began. Spearheaded by some of the first Tiger tanks, the offensive got within 48 km (30 mi) of the southern 6th Army front, but the Germans made no attempt to break out. The failure was followed by a siege that lasted for almost three months, during which 6th Army was destroyed
Sixth Army
A relief operation called Operation Winter Storm began. Spearheaded by some of the first Tiger tanks, the offensive got within 48 km (30 mi) of the southern 6th Army front, but the Germans made no attempt to break out. The failure was followed by a siege that lasted for almost three months, during which 6th Army was destroyed
End of First Siroky Government
The First Siroky Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Second Siroky Government
Begins the Second Siroky Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Patent
Patents the Hovercraft
Health of Edward Richard George Heath
Eden goes to Jamaica for the sake of his health, Heath is left to manage the party
Health of Robert Anthony Eden
Eden goes to Jamaica for the sake of his health
Crimes against Jewish People Conviction
Judges reject his attempt to minimize responsibility.
Guilty Verdict
Is convicted on major charges by the Jerusalem court.
Constitution of Kenya
Retains the role of Prime Minister after independence was declared
Independence of Kenya
Retains the role of Prime Minister after independence was declared
Constitution of Kenya
Kenya becomes a republic, with Kenyatta as executive president
Independence of Kenya
Kenya becomes a republic, with Kenyatta as executive president
Election
Wins the 2nd & final round with 54.6% to Mitterrands 45.4%
Bombing of Berlin
The Baader-Meinhog bomb Berlin
State of Emergency
Announced in Cabinet in the face of growing industrial unrest
Apollo 17 First EVA
Begins Apollo 17's first lunar surface excursion and starts exploration of the Taurus-Littrow valley.
Apollo 17 First EVA
Begins lunar field geology with Cernan during Apollo 17's first surface excursion.
Apollo 17 Geology
Conducts lunar geology as the only professional geologist on the Moon.
Apollo 17 Rover Traverse
Drives the lunar rover during extended geological exploration of the Taurus-Littrow valley.
Orange Soil Discovery
Recognizes orange volcanic soil at Shorty Crater during Apollo 17’s second EVA.
Prime Minister of Afghanistan
Mohammad Musa Shafiq becomes the monarchy's final prime minister.
Leaves Rolling Stones
Mick Taylor announces his departure from the Rolling Stones.
Politburo Afghanistan Intervention Decision
Joins the Politburo decision approving Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan.
Restoration of British Authority
Muzorewa's administration ends as Britain resumes authority before independence elections.
UDI Terminated
British authority is restored, ending the constitutional order created by UDI.
Confederation President
Diouf becomes President of the Senegambia Confederation with Gambia
State Visit
al-Fayez participates in state visit connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Infifada
Arafat recognises Israel's right to exist and accepts United Nations resolutions during diplomatic moves linked to the uprising
Trial
The Commons votes to prosecute war criminals
Water Privatisation
Shares in the regional water companies begin trading following privatisation.
Compulsory Land Acquisition Policy
Mugabe's government expands legal authority for compulsory land acquisition.
Land Reform Constitutional Amendment
Parliament changes constitutional provisions governing compulsory land acquisition.
Russian Legislature Approves CIS
The Russian legislature ratifies the Belovezha agreement establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States.
Danish Treaty Opt-Out Settlement
Negotiates the settlement applying special arrangements to Denmark in defence, monetary union, citizenship and justice cooperation.
Defence Opt-Out
The Edinburgh settlement gives Denmark a special position concerning the defence dimension of European Union cooperation.
Economic and Monetary Union Opt-Out
Supports the arrangement allowing Denmark not to participate in the third stage of economic and monetary union.
Edinburgh Agreement
Secures a European Council decision addressing Denmark's concerns while leaving the Maastricht Treaty text unchanged.
European Citizenship Clarification
The Edinburgh settlement clarifies that Union citizenship does not replace Danish nationality, addressing a central Danish concern.
Justice and Home Affairs Arrangement
The Edinburgh settlement confirms constitutional safeguards for Denmark regarding future transfers of sovereignty in justice and home affairs.
Marriage
Marriage of Princess Anne to Timothy Laurence
Treaty of Maastricht
Works with Community partners as Ireland accepts the Edinburgh solution to the ratification crisis.
Treaty of Maastricht
Supports Portugal's acceptance of the Edinburgh arrangements as a route toward treaty ratification.
Treaty of Maastricht
Supports Belgium's negotiating line during the second day of the Edinburgh discussions on Maastricht.
Treaty of Maastricht
Supports Italy's position on the Danish arrangements and the continuing Maastricht timetable.
Treaty of Maastricht
Helps France assess the legal and political arrangements intended to preserve the Maastricht Treaty.
Treaty of Maastricht
Works on Denmark's response to the Danish settlement as the Edinburgh European Council concludes.
Treaty of Maastricht
Hurd helps defend Britain's Maastricht opt-outs while the Edinburgh European Council concludes.
Treaty of Maastricht
Helps secure Germany's support for the Edinburgh arrangements designed to unblock Maastricht ratification.
Treaty of Maastricht
Contributes to Greece's position as leaders finalise the Edinburgh response to Danish concerns.
Treaty of Maastricht
Contributes to Luxembourg's support for the Edinburgh package addressing the Danish referendum result.
Treaty of Maastricht
Supports the Edinburgh compromise from Spain's diplomatic perspective as the summit closes.
Treaty of Maastricht
Helps maintain Netherlands's backing for Maastricht while the European Council settles the Danish question.
First State Duma Election under New System
Oversees elections to the new State Duma held alongside the constitutional referendum.
New Russian Constitution Approved
Voters approve a new constitution establishing a strong presidency and a bicameral Federal Assembly.
Constitution of Serbia
The political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its structure of Government are agreed upon as part the constitution that makes up Annex 4 of the General Framework Agreement concluded at Dayton
Election
Under the Dayton Accords Anyone under indictment for war crimes is be barred from public office after scheduled elections, all parties must cooperate with the International War Crimes Tribunal, and Sarajevo will be reunified under Bosnia
Neutrality Recognition
Permanent neutrality becomes a central doctrine under Niyazov's presidency
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
50,000 NATO troops, including Russians and 20,000 Americans, begin to monitor the fragile peace in December
Rule of Bosnia
The Dayton Accords provide for a virtual partitioning of Bosnia and the deployment of a multinational implementation force (IFOR) to keep the warring factions apart and protect war-crimes investigators
Rule of Sarajevo
Under the Dayton Accords Anyone under indictment for war crimes is be barred from public office after scheduled elections, all parties must cooperate with the International War Crimes Tribunal, and Sarajevo will be reunified under Bosnia
Siege of Sarajevo
Under the Dayton Accords Anyone under indictment for war crimes is be barred from public office after scheduled elections, all parties must cooperate with the International War Crimes Tribunal, and Sarajevo will be reunified under Bosnia
Ganymede Magnetic Field Discovery
Galileo data establish Ganymede as the first moon known to possess its own magnetic field.
Prime Minister of Romania
Ciorbea forms a reform-oriented coalition government.
Luxembourg Enlargement Decision
Supports launching the Union's enlargement process with countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Cyprus.
Euro Convergence Programme
Supports Greece's convergence strategy aimed at qualifying for later entry into the euro area.
Homosexuals
The ban on homosexuals serving in the armed forces is to be lifted
Al-Qaeda
A French citizen of Moroccan origin is charged with conspiring with Osama Bin Laden and other suspects to kill thousands of Americans in the 11 September attacks, Zacarias Moussaoui is detained in the US on immigration charges
Al-Qaeda
A French citizen of Moroccan origin is charged with conspiring with Osama Bin Laden and other suspects to kill thousands of Americans in the 11 September attacks, Zacarias Moussaoui is detained in the US on immigration charges
Bombing of New York
A French citizen of Moroccan origin is charged with conspiring with Osama Bin Laden and other suspects to kill thousands of Americans in the 11 September attacks, Zacarias Moussaoui is detained in the US on immigration charges
Bombing of New York
A French citizen of Moroccan origin is charged with conspiring with Osama Bin Laden and other suspects to kill thousands of Americans in the 11 September attacks, Zacarias Moussaoui is detained in the US on immigration charges
Knighthood
Mick Jagger is knighted
Nomination for Presidency
Karolos Papoulias is nominated by the governing and opposition parties for the presidency.
Presidential Election
Wins the presidency after a runoff election.
Romanian Presidential Election
Basescu wins the presidency after defeating Adrian Nastase.
European Council Lisbon Guarantees
Seeks assurances addressing Irish concerns over taxation, neutrality, ethical issues and retention of a national Commissioner.
Posthumous Order for Courage
Receives Ukraine's Order for Courage, third degree, posthumously in recognition of his actions during the Chernobyl disaster.
Election of President
The Constituent Assembly elected Moncef Marzouki president of Tunisia.
Kwangmyongsong 3 Launch
North Korea launches a satellite into orbit.
Europa Water Vapor Plumes
Roth leads Hubble ultraviolet observations finding evidence for water-vapor plumes above Europa's south polar region.
Jang Song Thaek Purge
Purges and executes Jang Song Thaek.
Brexit
Survives a Conservative confidence vote over her Brexit leadership.
General Election
Leads Labour to defeat in the general election.
General Election
Wins a Conservative majority on the slogan Get Brexit Done.
General Election
Leads the SNP to major gains in Scotland at the general election.
General Election
Loses her seat in the general election.
General Election - General Election
Wins a Conservative majority on the slogan Get Brexit Done.
General Election - General Election
Leads the SNP to major gains in Scotland at the general election.
General Election Election Outcome
General election outcome recorded for Boris Johnson: Wins a Conservative majority on the slogan Get Brexit Done.
General Election Election Outcome
General election outcome recorded for Nicola Sturgeon: Leads the SNP to major gains in Scotland at the general election.
General Election Government
Government context for this general election: Wins a Conservative majority on the slogan Get Brexit Done.
General Election Government
Government context for this general election: Leads the SNP to major gains in Scotland at the general election.
Third Parliamentary Election Victory
Starmer is re-elected for Holborn and St Pancras at the general election.
Neutrality Anniversary Leadership
Serdar marks the thirtieth anniversary of Turkmenistan's permanent neutrality as President
Reform Speech
Serdar suggests political reforms while continuing as President and head of government
Births on December 12
Birth of Samuel Hood
Birth of Samuel Hood
Deaths on December 12
Death of Waleran de Beaumont
Death of Waleran de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Warwick
Death of Selim II
Death of Selim II, succeeded by Murad III
Death of Marc Brunel
Brunel's father and engineering mentor Marc Isambard Brunel dies.
Death of Marc Isambard Brunel
Sir Marc Isambard Brunel dies in Westminster after a career in civil and mechanical engineering.
Death of John Sparrow David Thompson
Death of John Sparrow David Thompson
Death of Jack Ruby
Ruby made a final statement from his hospital bed that he and he alone had been responsible for the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald
Death of Joseph Heller
Death of Joseph Heller
Death of Heydar Aliyev
Death of Heydar Aliyev
Battles on December 12
Battle of Nive
Defeats Soult
Battle of Stalingrad
Following the success of Operation Uranus, the Red Army began Operation Saturn, to cut off Army Group A and all troops east of Rostov.During the German relief operation at Stalingrad, Soviet forces had been redeployed, lesser objectives substituted, and the operation renamed "Little Saturn".
Battle of Stalingrad
Spearheaded by some of the first Tiger tanks, the offensive got within 48 km (30 mi) of the southern 6th Army front, but the Germans made no attempt to break out.
Battle of Stalingrad
The attack fell on Eighth Italian Army and the remnants of 3rd Romanian Army, and led to the destruction of most of Eighth Army. A relief operation called Operation Winter Storm began.
Battle of Stalingrad
The failure was followed by a siege that lasted for almost three months, during which 6th Army was destroyed
Battle of Stalingrad
Sets the Panzers rolling to relieve Paulus trapped 6th Army. Manstein is 30 miles away from Stalingrad
Coronations on December 12
Coronation
Crowned as Henry II of France, under the terms of the Treaty of Troyes
Coronation Durbar
Becomes the first reigning British monarch attending an Indian durbar.