March 18 in History

Succeeds Tiberius as emperor.

Appointed Pope

Stopped by his stepmothers henchmen & hacked to death

King Edward is murdered by the servants of his stepmother Elfthryth, Queen of England, succeeded by his stepbrother Ethelred the Unready

King Edward is murdered by the servants of his stepmother Elfthryth, Queen of England, succeeded by his stepbrother Ethelred the Unready

The First Lateran Council was convoked to confirm the Concordat of Worms. The council was most representative with nearly three hundred bishops and six hundred abbots from every part of Catholic Europe being present. It convened on March 18, 1123. Decrees were also passed directed against simony, concubinage among the clergy, church robbers, and forgers of Church documents; the council also reaffirmed indulgences for Crusaders

The First Lateran Council was convoked to confirm the Concordat of Worms. The council was most representative with nearly three hundred bishops and six hundred abbots from every part of Catholic Europe being present. It convened on March 18, 1123. Decrees were also passed directed against simony, concubinage among the clergy, church robbers, and forgers of Church documents; the council also reaffirmed indulgences for Crusaders

The Commons delivers a supplication to the King denouncing clerical abuses and the power of the ecclesiastical courts and describing Henry as "the only head, sovereign lord, protector and defender" of the Church

The Commons delivers a supplication to the King denouncing clerical abuses and the power of the ecclesiastical courts and describing Henry as "the only head, sovereign lord, protector and defender" of the Church

The Commons present grievances against ecclesiastical courts and clerical lawmaking to Henry VIII.

The Act for the Suppression of the Lesser Monasteries, those with a gross income of less than 200 pounds per annum, had passed both houses. This caused a clash with Anne Boleyn, formerly one of Cromwell's strongest allies, who wanted the proceeds of the dissolution used for educational and charitable purposes, not paid into the King's coffers

The Act for the Suppression of the Lesser Monasteries, those with a gross income of less than 200 pounds per annum, had passed both houses. This caused a clash with Anne Boleyn, formerly one of Cromwell's strongest allies, who wanted the proceeds of the dissolution used for educational and charitable purposes, not paid into the King's coffers

The Act for the Suppression of the Lesser Monasteries, those with a gross income of less than 200 pounds per annum, had passed both houses. This caused a clash with Anne Boleyn, formerly one of Cromwell's strongest allies, who wanted the proceeds of the dissolution used for educational and charitable purposes, not paid into the King's coffers

The Act of Suppression is passed

The Act of Suppression is passed

The Act for the Suppression of the Lesser Monasteries, those with a gross income of less than 200 pounds per annum, had passed both houses. This caused a clash with Anne Boleyn, formerly one of Cromwell's strongest allies, who wanted the proceeds of the dissolution used for educational and charitable purposes, not paid into the King's coffers

The Act for the Suppression of the Lesser Monasteries, those with a gross income of less than pounds 200 per annum, passes both houses. This caused a clash with Anne Boleyn, formerly one of Cromwell's strongest allies, who wanted the proceeds of the dissolution used for educational and charitable purposes, not paid into the King's coffers

Mary is summoned before Edward VI's council over religious nonconformity

Gage receives Elizabeth into custody at the Tower

Elizabeth is investigated while Mary defends the Catholic settlement.

Holds Elizabeth in custody after the rebellion.

Orders Elizabeth imprisoned during the investigation.

Is sent to the Tower while her links to the rebellion are examined.

Elizabeth is imprisoned while Mary investigates links to the Wyatt Rebellion.

Conspirators plan coordinated risings before events force an early revolt.

Poltrot is executed for the shooting of Francis of Guise

Shoots William of Orange in an unsuccessful assassination attempt and is killed on the spot

Survives the pistol attack by Juan de Jauregui

Succeeds Ivan IV as Tsar of Russia

Richelieu captures Savoy & reinforces the anti-Spanish fortress of Casale

Strafford returned to Ireland to obtain money and troops for the Scottish war.

Pascal helps establish an early public transport service using fixed routes and fares.

The National Assembly completes Greece's first constitution under the monarchy.

Italian revolutionaries rebel against Austrian rule

Appointed President of Venezuela after the March Revolution

Appointed Imperial Chancellor

Forces Bismarck's resignation as Imperial Chancellor

Makes the 1st ascent of Mount Saint Elias, Alaska, 5,489 m

All secondary schools and universities are closed for the remainder of the year

Closes universities and secondary schools amid unrest.

Announces the Lords must be reformed on a democratic basis

Declares that the House of Lords must be reformed on a democratic basis.

Announces in the Commons that for every German battleship built Britain should build 2

Proposes a "Naval holiday", a suspension of naval construction by Britain & Germany

Scott records serious frostbite in his right foot as the three survivors approach One Ton Depot.

Constantine succeeds his father as King of Greece.

Death of George I, assassinated during the First Balkan War

Is assassinated in Salonika during the war.

King George I is assassinated shortly after Thessaloniki becomes part of Greece.

Succeeds as King of Greece in the newly occuppied city of Salonika

Guepratte's force suffers the sudden loss of Bouvet after the battleship strikes a mine.

De Robeck withdraws after mines and Ottoman fire sink three Allied battleships and damage several others.

Guepratte leads the French battleship division into the central phase of the 18 March naval assault.

Guepratte takes the French battleship division into the straits behind the first British line.

HMS Inflexible is badly damaged by a mine while withdrawing from the Narrows.

De Robeck's fleet loses HMS Irresistible after the battleship strikes a mine during the assault.

De Robeck orders the principal British and French battleship attack against the Ottoman straits defences.

Cevat's forts engage the Allied battleships during the largest naval attack on the straits.

HMS Ocean is lost after striking a mine while attempting to assist damaged ships.

The Russians attack Lake Naroch under French pressure to divert forces from Verdun

French forces advance after the German withdrawal and enter Noyon during the pursuit.

Cables all factories to requested increased output

The Allies refuse to recognize the Treaty of Brest Litovsk

Parliament examines the company's pre-government marketing agreement to supply Shell through the end of 1922.

Uses the crisis to justify tighter party discipline.

Red Army troops capture Kronstadt after heavy fighting.

Announces Bolshevik victory after Kronstadt is taken.

The Treaty of Riga confirms a Polish-Soviet frontier well east of the Curzon Line, leaving the British proposal unused as the interwar boundary.

While Gandhi is in prison the Indian National Congress spinters into 2 factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring participation in the legislatures, the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Imprisoned after the Chauri Chaura incident. Begins his sentence, serves about two years of the sentence, being released in February 1924 after an operation for appendicitis

While Gandhi is in prison the Indian National Congress spinters into 2 factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring participation in the legislatures, the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

While Gandhi is in prison the Indian National Congress spinters into 2 factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring participation in the legislatures, the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

While Gandhi is in prison the Indian National Congress spinters into 2 factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring participation in the legislatures, the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

While Gandhi is in prison the Indian National Congress spinters into 2 factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring participation in the legislatures, the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

While Gandhi is in prison the Indian National Congress spinters into 2 factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring participation in the legislatures, the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

The Second Svehla Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Begins the Second Cerny Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

The Government protests about Germany's conscription & existence of the Luftwafe

The Government protests about Germany's conscription & existence of the Luftwafe

Expropriates foreign oil companies and places the industry under Mexican state control

Lazaro Cardenas of Mexico nationalizes US and British oil companies

Censors the press & removes all opposition including trades unions & political parties

Censors the press & removes all opposition including trades unions & political parties

Appointed Reich Protector of Bohemia & Moravia

Censors the press & removes all opposition including trades unions & political parties

A Treaty between Germany & Slovakia to establish a German Protectorate is signed

Contains a secret protocol giving Germany exclusive rights to exploit Slovakia. Approves the Treaty of Protection in Vienna

The first bombe is installed

Jodl is present when Hitler states that Greece must be fully occupied before any settlement.

Forms Cambodia's first modern cabinet and serves as Prime Minister

Becomes Lieutenant Philip Mountbaten, RN

Appointed President of the National Council

Oswald reported to the Naval Air Technical Training Center at Jacksonville on March 18, 1957, for aviation fundamentals instruction.

Signs the act providing for Hawaii's admission as a state.

Authorises instructions for the 21 March campaign.

Urges supporters to leave passes at home and surrender peacefully.

Signed by France and the Front de Liberation nationale, ends the war in Algeria with a formal cease-fire proclaimed for March 19, and formalizing the idea of cooperative exchange between the two countries

Signed by France and the Front de Liberation nationale, ends the war in Algeria with a formal cease-fire proclaimed for March 19, and formalizing the idea of cooperative exchange between the two countries

Guides Real Madrid to the Spanish league championship during the 1961-62 season.

The Americans begin bombing Communist Headquarters in Kampuchea

The achievement marks first spacewalk as an important Russian scientific milestone.

Leaves Voskhod 2 and performs the first spacewalk.

Urges expansion of ground operations in Laos & Kampuchea. Requests 200,000 troops, rising to 670,000

The Congress of the United States repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back U.S. currency

I participates in foreign policy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Johnson signs legislation eliminating statutory gold reserve requirements for United States and Federal Reserve notes.

Authorizes the secret bombing of Kampuchea. 1st day of the secret bombing of Kampuchea

Menu or short-duration bombing of Vietcong sanctuaries, lasts for 14 months. Bombing begins over Kampuchea

1st day of the secret bombing of Kampuchea

Helps oversee the secret bombing program in Cambodia

Supports bombing of North Vietnamese and Viet Cong bases in Cambodia

Authorizes Operation Menu bombing of Cambodian sanctuaries

Neutralist rule is replaced by an anti-communist government aligned with the United States

Leads the government as the National Assembly removes Sihanouk while abroad

Cheng Heng becomes provisional head of state while Lon Nol keeps executive control

Sihanouk is held responsible for the North Vietnamese taking refuge in Kampuchea. A Coup overthrows Prince Sihanouk while the Prince is out of the country

Lon Nol leads the political takeover that removes Sihanouk during his absence abroad

Lon Nol receives emergency powers after Sihanouk is removed

In Moscow asks Russia to press North Vietnam to remove troops from Kampuchea

The Kampuchean National Assembly votes to depose Sihanouk by 92 votes to 0

The Kampuchean National Assembly votes to depose Sihanouk by 92 votes to 0

National Assembly votes unanimously to withdraw confidence from Sihanouk

Removed from power by the Cambodian National Assembly while abroad

Sombrotto helps lead New York letter carriers as the illegal postal strike spreads nationally.

Acts while Sihanouk is outside Cambodia during the decisive National Assembly session

Premier Lon Nol supports the National Assembly vote removing Sihanouk

Emergency powers are invoked as Lon Nol becomes effective head of government

1,800 more troops are sent to Northern Ireland

T.Rex play two shows at the Empire Pool, Wembley which are filmed by Ringo Starr and his crew for Apple Films

"Dark Side Of The Moon" performed at Earls Court, London

"Dark Side Of The Moon" performed at Earls Court, London

Robert Mugabe unilaterally assumes control of ZANU after the assassination of Herbert Chitepo

Robert Mugabe unilaterally assumes control of ZANU after the assassination of Herbert Chitepo

Stars as Thomas Jerome Newton in The Man Who Fell to Earth, his first major film role.

Is assassinated during a period of acute political tension and military intrigue.

Mixes The Idiot with David Bowie and Iggy Pop during the Berlin period.

The 1st free elections are held in the DDR

Appointed Prime Minister of the GDR after winning the elections

The 1st free elections are held in the DDR

Appointed Prime Minister of the GDR after winning the elections

Drafts a cantonal peace plan for Bosnia.

Mobutu appoints Birindwa, producing rival claims to legitimate governmental authority.

With Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker, discovers the fragmented comet later destined to strike Jupiter.

The Sun announces it will back Blair at the general election

The bombing of Iraq by the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Poland, Australia, and Denmark begins

The bombing of Iraq by the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Poland, Australia, and Denmark begins

The bombing of Iraq by the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Poland, Australia, and Denmark begins

Blair wins Parliamentary vote over Iraq war but 139 party members defy him

Withdraws UNMOVIC personnel from Iraq before the invasion.

Three Government ministers resigned in protest at the war, John Denham, Lord Hunt of King's Heath, and the then Leader of the House of Commons Robin Cook. The UK Parliament held a debate on going to war on March 18, 2003 where the Government motion was approved 412 to 149

The bombing of Iraq by the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Poland, Australia, and Denmark begins

Wins Commons backing for military action in Iraq.

Three Government ministers resigned in protest at the war, John Denham, Lord Hunt of King's Heath, and the then Leader of the House of Commons Robin Cook

Three Government ministers resigned in protest at the war, John Denham, Lord Hunt of King's Heath, and the then Leader of the House of Commons Robin Cook

Foreign minister Robin Cook resigns

Inspection operations end one day before armed action begins.

139 Laboor MPs vote against the war, but the Commons votes 412 to 149 in favour

The Dalai Lama denies Chinese allegations that he organised the unrest.

Awarded a place in the football Hall of Fame at the National Football Museum in Preston, joining fellow former Seasiders Stanley Matthews and Stan Mortensen in the list of Blackpool players selected

Wen Jiabao accuses supporters of the Dalai Lama of organising the violence.

Wen Jiabao defends the security response and promises restraint toward peaceful demonstrators.

Faces a political crisis after protesters are killed in Sanaa.

Wins Commons support for UK participation in military action over Libya.

MESSENGER fires its main engine and becomes the first spacecraft to enter orbit around Mercury.

Senior officials and military commanders begin defecting.

MESSENGER begins its first extended mission after completing the primary year of orbital observations.

Political and social groups begin negotiations over constitutional reform.

MESSENGER begins a second extended phase of Mercury observations, allowing progressively lower-altitude measurements.

Opens Yemen's National Dialogue Conference.

An armed attack at the Bardo National Museum prompted a major government security response.

Portugal declares a state of emergency over COVID-19.

Helps coordinate Canada's federal COVID-19 economic and border response.

Declares a constitutional state of catastrophe as COVID-19 spreads through Chile.

Malaysia begins its Movement Control Order.

Invokes Defense Production Act to boost medical supplies.

Russian forces push deeper into besieged Mariupol.

Helps coordinate the defense of Mykolaiv.

Israel resumes large-scale strikes in Gaza.

Birth of Mary, 5th child of Henry VII

Princess Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, is born at Richmond.

Birth of Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, third son of the 3rd Earl of Northampton

Birth of John Hoyer Updike

Birth of Louise, 6th child of Victoria & Albert

Birth of Louise, 6th child of Victoria & Albert

Neville Chamberlain is born in Birmingham to Joseph and Florence Chamberlain.

Birth of Fidel Ramos

Birth of Frederik Willem de Klerk

T. Rex play two Wembley Empire Pool shows filmed by Ringo Starr and Apple Films.

Marc Bolan appears in Ringo Starrs film Born to Boogie, a documentary showing T. Rex at the height of T. Rextasy during a concert at Wembley Empire Pool on 18 March 1972

Marc Bolan appears in Ringo Starrs film Born to Boogie, a documentary showing T. Rex at the height of T. Rextasy during a concert at Wembley Empire Pool on 18 March 1972

Death of Edward the Martyr, assassinated

Present at court during the final days and death of Ivan IV

Dies in Moscow on 18 March Old Style, 28 March New Style

Death of Luigi Amedeo

Robert Mugabe unilaterally assumes control of ZANU after the assassination of Herbert Chitepo

Joins forces with General Hastings prior to the Battle of Hopton Heath

Joins forces with the Earl of Northampton prior to the Battle of Hopton Heath

Wins distinctin during the French invasion of The Netherlands, defeats Dumouriez

Attacks Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Coburg but is repulsed

The French are turned back by Saxe-Coburg

A naval attack fails & the Inflexible & Irrepressible are lost

Commands a naval attack fails & the Inflexible & Irrepressible are lost

German attacks in the Avocourt-Mort Sector are repulsed