Great Heathen Army
Ubba fights in the Viking victory at York, where the Northumbrian kings Aella and Osberht are defeated.
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On this date in world history
March 21 in History
This permanent archive page contains 174 World History Database records for March 21, spanning 867 to 2025. Recorded topics include Battle of York; Death of Aella; Death of Osberht.
Total: 174Events: 146Births: 4Deaths: 6Battles: 18Countries: 32
Events on March 21
Reballion of Wales
Llewelyns brother David lays siege to Hawarden & north Wales rises against Edward I. Joined by his brother Llewelyn
Arrest of James I
Sends James I to the Tower of London
Arrest of James I
Sent to the Tower by Henry V
Succession
Succeeds as King of England, Son of Henry IV & Mary de Bohun
Succession
Succeeds as King of France
Amicable Grant
The Amicable Grant is promoted to fund a planned invasion of France after the capture of Francis I.
Invasion of France
The Amicable Grant is promoted to finance Henry VIII's proposed invasion of France.
Invasion of France
The Amicable Grant is raised to finance Henry VIII's planned invasion of France.
Reform of Church Governance
The Amicable Grant is raised to invade France, 6th of laity & 3rd of clergy income. Commissioners are appointed to collect the Amicable Grant
Taxation
The Amicable Grant seeks heavy payments from laity and clergy to finance Henry VIII's French war plans.
Lord Great Chamberlain
Appointed Lord Great Chamberlain
Peerage
Created Earl of Essex
Cranmer Burned
Thomas Cranmer is burned after rejecting his earlier recantations.
Execution
Cranmer is burned after repudiating his recantations
Execution
Holds his hand in the fire which signed the annulment of Henry VIII from Catherine. Burnt at the stake by Mary I
Execution
Thomas Cranmer is burned after renouncing his earlier recantations
Execution of Cranmer
Thomas Cranmer is burned for heresy during Mary's reign
Oxford Martyrs Legacy
Cranmer is later burned, completing the Oxford martyrdoms.
Protestant Assembly
Matthias orders the Protestant assembly to dissolve
Capture of Dumbarton
Dumbarton castle falls to the Covenanters
Capture of Edinburgh
Edinburgh castle falls to the Covenanters
Covenanters
Dumbarton castle falls to the Covenanters
Covenanters
Edinburgh castle falls to the Covenanters
Covenanters
The Covenanters capture Edinburgh
Siege of Edinburgh
The Covenanters capture Edinburgh
Arrival at Siege of Mons
Louis XIV arrives before Mons and personally oversees the principal French operation of the 1691 campaign.
Relief of Gibraltar
Leake helps relieve Gibraltar during the Bourbon attempt to retake the fortress.
Capture of Bangalore
Captures Bangalore during the Third Anglo-Mysore War.
Loss of Bangalore
Loses Bangalore to Cornwallis during the Third Anglo-Mysore War.
Promotion to Chef de Bataillon
Carnot was promoted to chef de bataillon while continuing his political and military work during the final months of the Convention.
Duel of Wellington
Duels the Earl of Winchilsea who accuses him of treachery over Catholic Emancipation. Both parties aim wide & honor is saved
Reichstag
Opens the 1st Reichstag of the 2nd Reich
Reinsurance Treaty
Instructed by Wihelm II to renew the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia
Anglo-French Congo-Nile Boundary Settlement
Concludes an Anglo-French agreement defining spheres of influence between the Nile and Congo basins after the Fashoda crisis.
French Acceptance of Congo-Nile Boundary
Accepts the agreement with Britain defining French and British spheres between the Congo and Nile basins.
Anglo-Afghan Treaty
Habibullah confirms earlier agreements with British India while retaining authority over internal affairs.
Parliament
Botha attends the opening of Parliament by Lord Selbourne
1st Plane Passenger
Taks the 1st aviation passenger, flies over Paris
German Spring Offensive Crisis Reviewed
Confronts the emergency created by the opening German offensive on the Western Front.
Operation Michael
1st day of Operation Michael
Operation Michael Opens against BEF
Haig confronts the opening German spring offensive against the British Third and Fifth Armies.
Saint Quentin Defensive Crisis Managed
Haig directs emergency measures as German forces penetrate the Fifth Army front near Saint Quentin.
Constitution of Hungary
A Soviet Republic is created
President of Hungary
Appointed President of Hungary
Referendum
Plebiscite in Upper Silesia, they vote to remain part of Germany. Allied Plebiscite Commission rejects vote, draws boundary anyway; takes section of mines, mills and furnaces and 350,000 Germans and puts them under Polish rule
Rule of Silesia
Plebiscite in Upper Silesia, they vote to remain part of Germany. Allied Plebiscite Commission rejects vote, draws boundary anyway; takes section of mines, mills and furnaces and 350,000 Germans and puts them under Polish rule
Shanghai Workers Armed Uprising
Helps direct the successful workers' armed uprising in Shanghai before Nationalist forces turn against the Communists.
Government Ends
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Prime Minister
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
Concentration Camps
1st concentration camp is opened at Oranienburg outside Berlin
Constitution of Germany
"The day of Potsdam", Parliament is deprived of its powers
Day of Potsdam
Attends the Potsdam ceremony with Hitler, symbolising conservative acceptance of the new Nazi-led Government.
Day of Potsdam
Uses the Potsdam ceremony to associate the Nazi Government with conservative, military and Prussian traditions.
Economy of Germany
The "battle for work" begins
Reichstag
A ceremony in the Potsdam Garrison Church marks the opening of the Reichstag
Reichstag
The ceremonial opening of the 1st NSDAP Parliament, held at the Garrison Church. Opened on the same day Bismarck opened the 1st Reichstag of the 2nd Reich in 1871
Concordat
Pius XIs encyclical "With Burning Concern" is read from German pulpits
Encyclical
Pius XIs encyclical "With Burning Concern" is read from German pulpits
Air Supplementary Estimate
Presses the case for stronger air power amid concern that accommodation with Germany is not producing lasting security.
Czechoslovakia Questions
Presses ministers about British policy toward Czechoslovakia and the growing German threat.
Diplomatic Mission at Berlin
Hosts Polish Ambassador Jozef Lipski & demands the return of the Free City of Danzig
Rule of Gdansk
Hosts Polish Ambassador Jozef Lipski & demands the return of the Free City of Danzig
Speech
Makes a public broadcast outlining plans for a post-war Britain
Commander of First Panzer Army
Appointed Commander of the 1st Panzer Army
Commander of First Panzer Army
Appointed Commander of the 1st Panzer Army
Diplomatic Mission
Roosevelts Ambassador to the USSR Averell Harriman cabled Roosevelt that "we must come clearly to realize that the Soviet program is the establishment of totalitarianism, ending personal liberty and democracy as we know it." Two days later, Roosevelt began to admit that his view of Stalin had been excessively optimistic and that "Averell is right."
Invasion of Germany
Nehrings priority is to surrender to the west rather than the Russians
Defence Testimony at Nuremberg
Goering testified in his own defence before the International Military Tribunal.
National Health Service Bill
Introduces the National Health Service Bill to Parliament.
Advocates economic union with France
Advocates economic union with France
Economy of Germany
Advocates economic union with France
Prime Minister of Ghana
Appointed Prime Minister of the Gold Coast
End of Zapotocky Government
The Zapotocky Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
First Siroky Government
Begins the First Siroky Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Prime Minister
Returns as prime minister and seeks reconciliation with the Pathet Lao
Royal Society Election Certificate
The Royal Society elected Hoyle for major contributions to stellar structure, accretion, nucleosynthesis, and cosmology.
ANC
The PAC announces it will launch its anti-pass law campaign, seperate from the ANC
ANC
After the Sharpville massacre the ANC & PAC are banned
Anti-Pass Arrest
Seeks arrest as part of the PAC anti-pass campaign.
Government Response to Sharpeville
Defends government security policy amid international condemnation.
Massacre
World opinion turns against apartheid. Over 400 are wounded, including women & children. For the 1st time the United Nations intervenes in South Africa. Black protestors are massacred protesting against apartheid pass laws, 69 are killed. After the Sharpville massacre the ANC & PAC are banned
Orlando Surrender
Presents himself at Orlando police station without a pass.
Pass Laws
The PAC announces it will launch its own anti-pass law campaign
Pass Laws
The PAC announces it will launch its anti-pass law campaign, seperate from the ANC
Sharpeville Crisis
Faces a national political crisis after police killings at Sharpeville.
Third Presidential Term
Is elected President for a third term after constitutional emergency provisions are amended.
Chairman of Council of State
Gheorghiu-Dej becomes chairman of the newly created Council of State.
Comedy
Corbett appears in "The Offer", an episode of the BBCs anthology series of one-off comedy plays, Comedy Playhouse, written by Galton and Simpson
Commission Deposition March 21
Paine gave a deposition connected with the Warren Commission investigation on March 21, 1964.
Apollo 1 Crew
Is assigned as pilot for Apollo 1.
Apollo 1 Crew
Is named commander for the first crewed Apollo mission.
Apollo 1 Crew
Is assigned as senior pilot for Apollo 1.
Foreign Policy
al-Rifai participates in foreign policy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Fourth Presidential Term
Wins another presidential term after emergency constitutional provisions are expanded, continuing in office with Yen Chia-kan as Vice President.
Brief Premiership
Takes office briefly before military intervention removes him
Military Head Appointed
Seizes power and becomes head of a short-lived military government
Prime Minister Appointed
Appointed Prime Minister after the APC election victory
Concert
Supports Donovan at the Royal Albert Hall.
Demonstrations
In ongoing campus unrest, Howard University students protesting the Vietnam War, the ROTC program on campus and the draft, confront Gen. Lewis Hershey, then head of the US Selective Service System
Demonstrations
In ongoing campus unrest, Howard University students protesting the Vietnam War, the ROTC program on campus and the draft, confront Gen. Lewis Hershey, then head of the U.S. Selective Service System
Demonstrations
In ongoing campus unrest, Howard University students protesting the Vietnam War, the ROTC program on campus and the draft, confront Gen. Lewis Hershey, then head of the U.S. Selective Service System
Demonstrations
Lennon & Yoko Ono stage their "Beds in Peace" at the Amsterdam Hilton on honeymoon
Demonstrations
Lennon & Yoko Ono stage their "Beds in Peace" at the Amsterdam Hilton on honeymoon
Barber Budget
Backs an expansionary Budget under Chancellor Anthony Barber.
Fifth Presidential Term
Is re-elected President for a fifth term together with Vice President Yen Chia-kan.
Cancer on the Presidency
Warns Nixon that the Watergate cover-up has become a cancer on the presidency and describes growing demands for money and possible clemency.
Hush Money Discussion
Discusses with John Dean the cost of meeting Watergate defendants' financial demands and the legal and political dangers surrounding continued payments.
Payment Delivered to Hunt Attorney
Fred LaRue arranged a cash payment to Hunt's attorney as White House and campaign officials struggled with continuing financial demands from the defendants.
State of Emergency
The Emergency formally ends before the transfer of power to the Janata Party.
Chairman
Macgregor is named as the Chairman of the NCB
Pink Floyd
"The Final Cut" is released
Pink Floyd
The last Waters-Gilmour-Mason collaboration, The Final Cut, is released
The Final Cut
Pink Floyd release The Final Cut, the final album of the Waters-led period
Strawberry Fields
An opening ceremony is held for Strawberry Fields, an area in New York Citys Central Park dedicated to John Lennon
Broadcast
Makes a television broadcast confessing to adultery
Scandal
Makes a television broadcast confessing to adultery
National Assembly
Appointed President of China, by the National Assembly
President of Taiwan
Appointed President of China, by the National Assembly
Community Charge
Announces that the community charge is to be replaced as part of a wider reform of local-government finance.
Community Charge Administrative Costs
Provides for central support toward additional local-authority administrative costs arising from reissuing reduced community-charge bills.
Community Charge Central Funding
Supports an additional £4 billion transfer from national taxation to finance the £140 reduction in community-charge bills.
Community Charge Fresh Bills
Requires councils that have already issued 1991-92 community-charge demands to issue revised bills reflecting the £140 reduction.
Community Charge Grant Compensation
Provides for government grants to compensate charging authorities for income lost through the statutory reduction in community charges.
Community Charge Replacement Decision
Announces that the community charge will be replaced by a new system of local taxation because the public has not accepted it as fair.
Community Charge £140 Reduction
Announces that 1991-92 headline community charges in England will be reduced by £140.
Local Government Review England
Announces proposals for a review of the structure and finance of local government in England.
Reform of Taxation
Announces the Government's intention to replace the poll tax with a new council tax.
Capitalization Law
Sanchez de Lozada promulgates the Capitalization Law for major state enterprises.
Talk
Sings on Talk before the Rabin-era line-up ends.
Talk
Plays guitar and writes on Talk, his final studio album with Yes.
Helsinki NATO Enlargement Compromise
Agrees with Bill Clinton to deepen NATO-Russia consultation while continuing to oppose NATO enlargement.
Capture of Umm Qasr
Allied forces advanced across Southern Iraq and after an amphibious landing forces captured the new port area of Umm Qasr then spend several more days fighting through the old town of Umm Qasr encountering fierce resistance
Invasion of Iraq
Allied forces advanced across Southern Iraq and after an amphibious landing forces captured the new port area of Umm Qasr then spend several more days fighting through the old town of Umm Qasr encountering fierce resistance
Manager
Appointed manager of Leeds United
Final Budget as Chancellor
Brown presents his eleventh and final Budget as Chancellor.
Libya Commons Authorization
Wins House of Commons support for military action implementing United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973.
Party Congress
Re-elected party general secretary at the ninth LPRP congress
Planck
Bouchet helps present Planck results with the most detailed all sky map of the cosmic microwave background
Planck
Efstathiou interprets Planck data that refines the age and matter content of the Big Bang universe
Acting President Takes Office
Myint Swe becomes acting President after Htin Kyaw resigns
Presidency Ends
Htin Kyaw resigns as President
Matovic Government
Forms a government after parliamentary elections.
Completion of MINURSO Command
Zia Ur Rehman completes three years as MINURSO Force Commander and leaves the mission.
Women in Uniformed Services
Rehman concludes his MINURSO command after overseeing a substantial increase in women serving within the mission headquarters.
Head of Government of Tunisia
Sarra Zaafrani Zenzri became head of government of Tunisia.
Births on March 21
Birth of Benito Juarez
Birth of Benito Juarez
Birth of Bela Viktor Janos Bartok
Birth of Bela Viktor Janos Bartok
Birth of Michael Heseltine
Born in Swansea, South Wales, into a relatively prosperous middle-class family.
Birth of Brian Clough
Birth of Brian Clough, born at number 11 Valley Road, Grove Hill, Middlesbrough, the son of a local sweet factory worker, and the fifth of eight children
Deaths on March 21
Death of Aella
Aella of Northumbria is killed after the Viking victory at York, ending organised Northumbrian resistance.
Death of Osberht
Osberht of Northumbria is killed during the failed Northumbrian attempt to retake York from the Danes.
Death of Thomas Cranmer
Death of Thomas Cranmer
Death of Edward Walter Maunder
Death of Edward Walter Maunder
Death of Harry H Corbett
Death of Harry "H" Corbett
Death of John Winston Lennon
An opening ceremony is held for Strawberry Fields, an area in New York Citys Central Park dedicated to John Lennon
Battles on March 21
Battle of York
Ivar's forces defeat the Northumbrian counterattack at York and destroy the armies of Aella and Osberht.
Battle of Beauge
Fights against the English at the Battle of Beague
Battle of Beauge
A small French raiding force attacks & kills Clarence in southern Normandy
Battle of Beauge
A small French raiding force attacks & kills Clarence in southern Normandy
Battle of Newark
Begins the attack on Meldruns Parliamentary forces
Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
Astley leads the last Royalist field army before defeat at Stow-on-the-Wold.
Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
Morgan commands Parliamentarian troops in the victory that ends organised Royalist field resistance.
Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
Attempts to transfer forces from Wales to Oxford but is defeated by Morgan & Brereton. Astley is forced to surrender himself to the Parliamentarians
Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
Intercepts Lord Astley & stops him marching from Wales to join Charles I in Oxford
Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
Taken prisoner during the royalist defeat
Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
Intercepts Lord Astley & stops him marching from Wales to join Charles I in Oxford
Battle of Ostrach
Defeats the French under Jourdan in Italy
Battle of Alexandria
The Battle of Alexandria is fought between the French General Menou and the British Abercrombie, where the British troops had advanced towards Alexandria. Abercromby defeats the French but dies during the battle. The British advance and capture Alexandria 2nd Sept 1801
Battle of Alexandria
The Battle of Alexandria is fought between the French army under General Menou and the British expeditionary corps under Sir Ralph Abercrombie, where the British troops had advanced towards Alexandria. Abercromby defeats the French but dies during the battle. The British advance and capture Alexandria 2nd Sept 1801
Battle of Toungoo
Renews the offensive in Burma by attacking the Chinese Army at Toungoo
Battle of Rhineland
Patton crosses the Rhine at Oppenheim
Battle near Thakhek
Wounded during fighting against French forces near Thakhek
Battle of Umm Qasr
The Battle of Umm Qasr is the first military confrontation in the Iraq War, with its objective the capture of the port. Allied forces advanced across Southern Iraq and after an amphibious landing forces captured the new port area of Umm Qasr then spend several more days fighting through the old town of Umm Qasr encountering fierce resistance