March 21 in History

Ubba fights in the Viking victory at York, where the Northumbrian kings Aella and Osberht are defeated.

Llewelyns brother David lays siege to Hawarden & north Wales rises against Edward I. Joined by his brother Llewelyn

Sends James I to the Tower of London

Sent to the Tower by Henry V

Succeeds as King of England, Son of Henry IV & Mary de Bohun

Succeeds as King of France

The Amicable Grant is promoted to fund a planned invasion of France after the capture of Francis I.

The Amicable Grant is promoted to finance Henry VIII's proposed invasion of France.

The Amicable Grant is raised to finance Henry VIII's planned invasion of France.

The Amicable Grant is raised to invade France, 6th of laity & 3rd of clergy income. Commissioners are appointed to collect the Amicable Grant

The Amicable Grant seeks heavy payments from laity and clergy to finance Henry VIII's French war plans.

Appointed Lord Great Chamberlain

Created Earl of Essex

Thomas Cranmer is burned after rejecting his earlier recantations.

Holds his hand in the fire which signed the annulment of Henry VIII from Catherine. Burnt at the stake by Mary I

Cranmer is burned after repudiating his recantations

Thomas Cranmer is burned after renouncing his earlier recantations

Thomas Cranmer is burned for heresy during Mary's reign

Cranmer is later burned, completing the Oxford martyrdoms.

Matthias orders the Protestant assembly to dissolve

Dumbarton castle falls to the Covenanters

Edinburgh castle falls to the Covenanters

Dumbarton castle falls to the Covenanters

Edinburgh castle falls to the Covenanters

The Covenanters capture Edinburgh

The Covenanters capture Edinburgh

Louis XIV arrives before Mons and personally oversees the principal French operation of the 1691 campaign.

Leake helps relieve Gibraltar during the Bourbon attempt to retake the fortress.

Captures Bangalore during the Third Anglo-Mysore War.

Loses Bangalore to Cornwallis during the Third Anglo-Mysore War.

Carnot was promoted to chef de bataillon while continuing his political and military work during the final months of the Convention.

Duels the Earl of Winchilsea who accuses him of treachery over Catholic Emancipation. Both parties aim wide & honor is saved

Opens the 1st Reichstag of the 2nd Reich

Instructed by Wihelm II to renew the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia

Concludes an Anglo-French agreement defining spheres of influence between the Nile and Congo basins after the Fashoda crisis.

Accepts the agreement with Britain defining French and British spheres between the Congo and Nile basins.

Habibullah confirms earlier agreements with British India while retaining authority over internal affairs.

Botha attends the opening of Parliament by Lord Selbourne

Taks the 1st aviation passenger, flies over Paris

Confronts the emergency created by the opening German offensive on the Western Front.

1st day of Operation Michael

Haig confronts the opening German spring offensive against the British Third and Fifth Armies.

Haig directs emergency measures as German forces penetrate the Fifth Army front near Saint Quentin.

A Soviet Republic is created

Appointed President of Hungary

Plebiscite in Upper Silesia, they vote to remain part of Germany. Allied Plebiscite Commission rejects vote, draws boundary anyway; takes section of mines, mills and furnaces and 350,000 Germans and puts them under Polish rule

Plebiscite in Upper Silesia, they vote to remain part of Germany. Allied Plebiscite Commission rejects vote, draws boundary anyway; takes section of mines, mills and furnaces and 350,000 Germans and puts them under Polish rule

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.

1st concentration camp is opened at Oranienburg outside Berlin

"The day of Potsdam", Parliament is deprived of its powers

Attends the Potsdam ceremony with Hitler, symbolising conservative acceptance of the new Nazi-led Government.

Uses the Potsdam ceremony to associate the Nazi Government with conservative, military and Prussian traditions.

The "battle for work" begins

A ceremony in the Potsdam Garrison Church marks the opening of the Reichstag

The ceremonial opening of the 1st NSDAP Parliament, held at the Garrison Church. Opened on the same day Bismarck opened the 1st Reichstag of the 2nd Reich in 1871

Pius XIs encyclical "With Burning Concern" is read from German pulpits

Pius XIs encyclical "With Burning Concern" is read from German pulpits

Hosts Polish Ambassador Jozef Lipski & demands the return of the Free City of Danzig

Hosts Polish Ambassador Jozef Lipski & demands the return of the Free City of Danzig

Makes a public broadcast outlining plans for a post-war Britain

Appointed Commander of the 1st Panzer Army

Appointed Commander of the 1st Panzer Army

Roosevelts Ambassador to the USSR Averell Harriman cabled Roosevelt that "we must come clearly to realize that the Soviet program is the establishment of totalitarianism, ending personal liberty and democracy as we know it." Two days later, Roosevelt began to admit that his view of Stalin had been excessively optimistic and that "Averell is right."

Nehrings priority is to surrender to the west rather than the Russians

Introduces the National Health Service Bill to Parliament.

Advocates economic union with France

Advocates economic union with France

Appointed Prime Minister of the Gold Coast

The Zapotocky Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Begins the First Siroky Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Returns as prime minister and seeks reconciliation with the Pathet Lao

The Royal Society elected Hoyle for major contributions to stellar structure, accretion, nucleosynthesis, and cosmology.

The PAC announces it will launch its anti-pass law campaign, seperate from the ANC

After the Sharpville massacre the ANC & PAC are banned

Seeks arrest as part of the PAC anti-pass campaign.

Defends government security policy amid international condemnation.

World opinion turns against apartheid. Over 400 are wounded, including women & children. For the 1st time the United Nations intervenes in South Africa. Black protestors are massacred protesting against apartheid pass laws, 69 are killed. After the Sharpville massacre the ANC & PAC are banned

Presents himself at Orlando police station without a pass.

The PAC announces it will launch its own anti-pass law campaign

The PAC announces it will launch its anti-pass law campaign, seperate from the ANC

Faces a national political crisis after police killings at Sharpeville.

Is elected President for a third term after constitutional emergency provisions are amended.

Gheorghiu-Dej becomes chairman of the newly created Council of State.

Corbett appears in "The Offer", an episode of the BBCs anthology series of one-off comedy plays, Comedy Playhouse, written by Galton and Simpson

Paine gave a deposition connected with the Warren Commission investigation on March 21, 1964.

Is assigned as pilot for Apollo 1.

Is named commander for the first crewed Apollo mission.

Is assigned as senior pilot for Apollo 1.

al-Rifai participates in foreign policy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Wins another presidential term after emergency constitutional provisions are expanded, continuing in office with Yen Chia-kan as Vice President.

Takes office briefly before military intervention removes him

Seizes power and becomes head of a short-lived military government

Appointed Prime Minister after the APC election victory

Supports Donovan at the Royal Albert Hall.

In ongoing campus unrest, Howard University students protesting the Vietnam War, the ROTC program on campus and the draft, confront Gen. Lewis Hershey, then head of the US Selective Service System

In ongoing campus unrest, Howard University students protesting the Vietnam War, the ROTC program on campus and the draft, confront Gen. Lewis Hershey, then head of the U.S. Selective Service System

In ongoing campus unrest, Howard University students protesting the Vietnam War, the ROTC program on campus and the draft, confront Gen. Lewis Hershey, then head of the U.S. Selective Service System

Lennon & Yoko Ono stage their "Beds in Peace" at the Amsterdam Hilton on honeymoon

Lennon & Yoko Ono stage their "Beds in Peace" at the Amsterdam Hilton on honeymoon

Backs an expansionary Budget under Chancellor Anthony Barber.

Is re-elected President for a fifth term together with Vice President Yen Chia-kan.

Warns Nixon that the Watergate cover-up has become a cancer on the presidency and describes growing demands for money and possible clemency.

Discusses with John Dean the cost of meeting Watergate defendants' financial demands and the legal and political dangers surrounding continued payments.

Fred LaRue arranged a cash payment to Hunt's attorney as White House and campaign officials struggled with continuing financial demands from the defendants.

The Emergency formally ends before the transfer of power to the Janata Party.

Macgregor is named as the Chairman of the NCB

"The Final Cut" is released

The last Waters-Gilmour-Mason collaboration, The Final Cut, is released

Pink Floyd release The Final Cut, the final album of the Waters-led period

An opening ceremony is held for Strawberry Fields, an area in New York Citys Central Park dedicated to John Lennon

Makes a television broadcast confessing to adultery

Makes a television broadcast confessing to adultery

Appointed President of China, by the National Assembly

Appointed President of China, by the National Assembly

Announces that the community charge is to be replaced as part of a wider reform of local-government finance.

Provides for central support toward additional local-authority administrative costs arising from reissuing reduced community-charge bills.

Supports an additional £4 billion transfer from national taxation to finance the £140 reduction in community-charge bills.

Requires councils that have already issued 1991-92 community-charge demands to issue revised bills reflecting the £140 reduction.

Provides for government grants to compensate charging authorities for income lost through the statutory reduction in community charges.

Announces that the community charge will be replaced by a new system of local taxation because the public has not accepted it as fair.

Announces that 1991-92 headline community charges in England will be reduced by £140.

Announces proposals for a review of the structure and finance of local government in England.

Announces the Government's intention to replace the poll tax with a new council tax.

Sanchez de Lozada promulgates the Capitalization Law for major state enterprises.

Sings on Talk before the Rabin-era line-up ends.

Plays guitar and writes on Talk, his final studio album with Yes.

Agrees with Bill Clinton to deepen NATO-Russia consultation while continuing to oppose NATO enlargement.

Allied forces advanced across Southern Iraq and after an amphibious landing forces captured the new port area of Umm Qasr then spend several more days fighting through the old town of Umm Qasr encountering fierce resistance

Allied forces advanced across Southern Iraq and after an amphibious landing forces captured the new port area of Umm Qasr then spend several more days fighting through the old town of Umm Qasr encountering fierce resistance

Appointed manager of Leeds United

Brown presents his eleventh and final Budget as Chancellor.

Wins House of Commons support for military action implementing United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973.

Re-elected party general secretary at the ninth LPRP congress

Bouchet helps present Planck results with the most detailed all sky map of the cosmic microwave background

Efstathiou interprets Planck data that refines the age and matter content of the Big Bang universe

Myint Swe becomes acting President after Htin Kyaw resigns

Htin Kyaw resigns as President

Forms a government after parliamentary elections.

Zia Ur Rehman completes three years as MINURSO Force Commander and leaves the mission.

Rehman concludes his MINURSO command after overseeing a substantial increase in women serving within the mission headquarters.

Sarra Zaafrani Zenzri became head of government of Tunisia.

Birth of Benito Juarez

Birth of Bela Viktor Janos Bartok

Born in Swansea, South Wales, into a relatively prosperous middle-class family.

Birth of Brian Clough, born at number 11 Valley Road, Grove Hill, Middlesbrough, the son of a local sweet factory worker, and the fifth of eight children

Aella of Northumbria is killed after the Viking victory at York, ending organised Northumbrian resistance.

Osberht of Northumbria is killed during the failed Northumbrian attempt to retake York from the Danes.

Death of Thomas Cranmer

Death of Edward Walter Maunder

Death of Harry "H" Corbett

An opening ceremony is held for Strawberry Fields, an area in New York Citys Central Park dedicated to John Lennon

Ivar's forces defeat the Northumbrian counterattack at York and destroy the armies of Aella and Osberht.

Fights against the English at the Battle of Beague

A small French raiding force attacks & kills Clarence in southern Normandy

A small French raiding force attacks & kills Clarence in southern Normandy

Begins the attack on Meldruns Parliamentary forces

Astley leads the last Royalist field army before defeat at Stow-on-the-Wold.

Morgan commands Parliamentarian troops in the victory that ends organised Royalist field resistance.

Attempts to transfer forces from Wales to Oxford but is defeated by Morgan & Brereton. Astley is forced to surrender himself to the Parliamentarians

Intercepts Lord Astley & stops him marching from Wales to join Charles I in Oxford

Taken prisoner during the royalist defeat

Intercepts Lord Astley & stops him marching from Wales to join Charles I in Oxford

Defeats the French under Jourdan in Italy

The Battle of Alexandria is fought between the French General Menou and the British Abercrombie, where the British troops had advanced towards Alexandria. Abercromby defeats the French but dies during the battle. The British advance and capture Alexandria 2nd Sept 1801

The Battle of Alexandria is fought between the French army under General Menou and the British expeditionary corps under Sir Ralph Abercrombie, where the British troops had advanced towards Alexandria. Abercromby defeats the French but dies during the battle. The British advance and capture Alexandria 2nd Sept 1801

Renews the offensive in Burma by attacking the Chinese Army at Toungoo

Patton crosses the Rhine at Oppenheim

Wounded during fighting against French forces near Thakhek

The Battle of Umm Qasr is the first military confrontation in the Iraq War, with its objective the capture of the port. Allied forces advanced across Southern Iraq and after an amphibious landing forces captured the new port area of Umm Qasr then spend several more days fighting through the old town of Umm Qasr encountering fierce resistance