June 25 in History

Innocent IV is elected unanimously at the conclave in Anagni

Edward I reaches Carlisle

Ordered to take 500 men to reinforce Somersets Army but is captured in & executed

Ordered to take 500 men to reinforce Somersets Army but is captured executed

Ordered to take 500 men to reinforce Somersets Army but is captured executed

The Bishop of Bath claims Edward V is illegitimate. The Bishop of Bath claims Edward IVs marriage to Elizabeth Woodville is invalid

Parliament deposes Edward V

Richard III, the Lord Protector, has Grey executed for treason

Gloucester now moved to take the throne himself and on 25 June 1483 he had Elizabeth Woodvilles son and brother executed in Pontefract Castle, Yorkshire

Richard III, as Lord Protector, has Lord Rivers executed for treason

All of Elizabeth's children by Edward, including King Edward V, are declared illegitimate, and her brother-in-law, Richard III, accepts the crown.

Elizabeth loses the title of Queen Mother and is referred to as Dame Elizabeth Grey.

Her marriage to Edward is declared null and void by Parliament in the act Titulus Regius on the grounds that Edward had previously promised to marry Lady Eleanor Butler, which was considered a legally binding contract.

The Lords & Commons assemble in Parliament & ratify the Protectorate

Edward V and his siblings were declared illegitimate and Richard ascended the throne as King Richard III

Parliament petitions Richard to accept the crown. All of Elizabeth's children by Edward, including King Edward V, are declared illegitimate, and her brother-in-law, Richard III, accepts the crown

Her marriage to Edward is declared null and void by Parliament in the act Titulus Regius on the grounds that Edward had previously promised to marry Lady Eleanor Butler, which was considered a legally binding contract

Richard III, the Lord Protector, has Grey executed for treason

Richard III, as Lord Protector, has Lord Rivers executed for treason

Catherine of Aragon is betrothed to Henry VIII

Catherine of Aragon is betrothed to Henry VIII

Lands on Rhodes with a Turkish army including 100,000 men

Recognizes the Augsburg Confession & the Catholic faith

Designed to engender reconciliation with the Catholic Church. At the Diet of Augsburg Lutherans deliver the Confession of Augsburg. A statement of faith prepared by Philip Melanchthon

The Protestants aly with Charles V against the Turks. States that the religion of the ruler becomes the religion of the state. Recognizes the Augsburg Confession & the Catholic faith. Defends the unity of the Empire by coming to terms with the Protestants. Charles failures to destroy Protestantism in the Empire

Defends the unity of the Empire by coming to terms with the Protestants. Charles failures to destroy Protestantism in the Empire

The Protestants aly with Charles V against the Turks. States that the religion of the ruler becomes the religion of the state. Recognizes the Augsburg Confession & the Catholic faith. Defends the unity of the Empire by coming to terms with the Protestants. Charles failures to destroy Protestantism in the Empire

Designed to engender reconciliation with the Catholic Church. At the Diet of Augsburg Lutherans deliver the Confession of Augsburg. A statement of faith prepared by Philip Melanchthon

The Turks launches an invasion force from Belgrade

Launches an invasion force of Austro from Belgrade

Launches an invasion force of Austro from Belgrade & gives Zupolyai the Hungarian crown

Is consecrated as the first Bishop of Bristol for the newly created diocese.

Makes peace with the Mori and begins the rapid march back toward Kyoto

Pym supports parliamentary control over customs revenue.

Charles accepts statutory regulation of customs duties formerly collected without full parliamentary authority.

Charles accepts statutory regulation of customs duties formerly collected without full parliamentary authority.

Sets sail for France to join his Mother Henrietta Maria

Marches into Dunkirk after its capture from the Spanish. Hands Dunkirk over to Lockhart, the English Commander

In India Aurangzeb proclaims himself emperor of the Moghuls, after victory at Samgarh

Louis XIV hands Dunkirk to William Lockhart after its capture from Spain.

Aurangzeb, son of Shah Jahan, overthrew his father and locked him up in the Jasmine tower

With his succession secured, Aurangzeb keeps Shah Jahan under house arrest at the Red Fort in Agra. Aurangzeb, son of Shah Jahan, overthrew his father and locked him up in the Jasmine tower

Inherits the County of Tyrol after Sigismund Francis dies without heirs.

Takes control of Tyrol after the death of Sigismund Francis.

Leads French troops during fighting near the Tongersepoort.

Marlborough and Eugene take Douai after a long siege in the 1710 campaign.

Louis XVI & his family are escorted back to Paris. Louis XVI & his family are arrested during an ill fated escape from France

Louis XVI and his family are escorted back to Paris. Louis XVI and his family are arrested during an ill fated escape from France.

Lafayette restores strict guard arrangements around the royal family after their return

Lafayette restores strict guard arrangements around the royal family after their return.

Restores strict guard arrangements around the royal family after their return

Restores strict guard arrangements around the royal family after their return.

Marie Antoinette returns to the Tuileries under guard after the failed flight to Varennes

Marie Antoinette returns to the Tuileries under guard after the failed flight to Varennes.

Returns to the Tuileries under guard after the failed flight to Varennes

Returns to the Tuileries under guard after the failed flight to Varennes.

Madame Elisabeth returns to captivity in the Tuileries after the Varennes episode

Madame Elisabeth returns to captivity in the Tuileries after the Varennes episode.

Louis XVI returns to Paris under guard and his credibility as constitutional monarch is badly damaged

Louis XVI returns to Paris under guard and his credibility as constitutional monarch is badly damaged.

Returns to Paris under guard with his credibility as constitutional monarch badly damaged

Returns to Paris under guard with his credibility as constitutional monarch badly damaged.

Marie Therese Charlotte returns to Paris with the royal family after the failed escape

Marie Therese Charlotte returns to Paris with the royal family after the failed escape.

Returns to Paris with the royal family after the failed escape

Returns to Paris with the royal family after the failed escape.

Louis XVI and his family returned to Paris under guard after the failed flight to Varennes.

Louis XVI returned to Paris under armed guard after the failed flight to Varennes.

The Assembly placed Louis XVI under a specially regulated guard at the Tuileries following the failed escape.

The Constituent Assembly suspended Louis XVI from exercising royal functions after his return from Varennes.

Alexander meets Napoleon on a raft in the River Neman to begin peace negotiations.

Frederick William attends the peace discussions between Napoleon & Alexander

Napoleon & Alexander discuss peace after the Battle of Friedland

A coalition defeats the Government on the Irish Coercion Bill

Appointed Chief Minister President of Prussia

Liberal deputies to the German national assembly agree a draft constitution and by the end of August, 28 principalities recognise the Reich constitution and join the union

Liberal deputies to the German national assembly agree a draft constitution and by the end of August, 28 principalities recognise the Reich constitution and join the union

Liberal deputies to the German national assembly agree a draft constitution and by the end of August, 28 principalities recognise the Reich constitution and join the union

Placed on trial for offences against public morality in his novel "Madame Bovary"

The conference in London breaks up without having arrived at any conclusion

The conference of London breaks up without having arrived at any conclusion

Redistribution of Seats Bill, creates seats in Yorkshire, Lancashire & outer London

Redistribution of Seats Bill, creates seats in Yorkshire, Lancashire & outer London. Merges smaller boroughs into County constituencies

Receives her doctorate for research on radioactive substances.

The Potemkin mutineers surrender to Romanian authorities.

Tours the front to rally soldiers for the coming offensive.

The Allied leadership authorizes Poland to occupy Eastern Galicia to the Zbrucz while postponing a final sovereignty settlement.

Directs the silent comedy The Oyster Princess.

Wins a plurality in the presidential election and is later confirmed by the full Congress.

Pangalos seizes power and establishes a military dictatorship.

France legally defines the stabilised franc by gold at one-fifth of its pre-war content.

The Act establishes federal minimum wages, overtime rules and restrictions on child labour.

Takes office as the first President of Ireland under the 1937 Constitution.

Germany starts planning the invasion of Switzerland, the day France surrendered

Captain Otto Wilhelm von Menges in OKH submitted a draft plan for the invasion

Churchill and Roosevelt meet and agree to attack German forces in North Africa (Operation Torch) before launching invasion of Continental Europe, Torch serves to stall Bolero troop build-up in UK

Churchill and Roosevelt meet and agree to attack German forces in North Africa (Operation Torch) before launching invasion of Continental Europe, Torch serves to stall Bolero troop build-up in UK

Churchill and Roosevelt meet and agree to attack German forces in North Africa (Operation Torch) before launching invasion of Continental Europe, Torch serves to stall Bolero troop build-up in UK

Churchill and Roosevelt meet and agree to attack German forces in North Africa (Operation Torch) before launching invasion of Continental Europe, Torch serves to stall Bolero troop build-up in UK

Jodl initials an OKW memorandum reaffirming the Commando Order after the Normandy landings.

Barker's division attacked toward Rauray to protect the Epsom flank near Caen.

Ritchie's corps launched Operation Martlet to secure the flank of the forthcoming Epsom offensive west of Caen.

The Johan Nygaardsvold Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.

Begins the First Einar Gerhardsen Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.

Takes office as the second President of Ireland.

Death of Mitsuru Ushijima, commits ritual suicide during the Battle of Okinawa. Commits ritual suicide

Appointed President of South Korea

North Korean communists invade South Korea

North Korea invades South Korea

The North invades, within 2 months southern forces are driven back as far as Pusan

North Korean forces invade South Korea.

The Russian delegate to the United Nations calls for an armistice

Begins several days of talks with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on world peace and Cold War strategy.

The Marine Corps assigned Lee the military occupational specialty of Aviation Electronics Operator on June 25, 1957.

Opens Cutty Sark as a preserved historic ship.

The State Department routinely approved Oswald's passport application; the Warren Commission later found no evidence that special intervention accelerated its issuance.

Release Won't Get Fooled Again.

Meets Georges Pompidou in Paris immediately after completing his United States summit visit.

Former White House Counsel John Dean did indeed made these allegations. He began with a seven-hour opening statement in which he laid out his knowledge of the entire campaign of White House espionage

Begins televised testimony with a lengthy opening statement describing White House efforts to contain the scandal and implicating senior administration officials.

Former White House Counsel John Dean did indeed made these allegations. He began with a seven-hour opening statement in which he laid out his knowledge of the entire campaign of White House espionage

Tells a special Senate Committee that Nixon tried to cover up the Watergate affair

Tells a special Senate Committee that Nixon tried to cover up the Watergate affair

President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed proclaims a national Emergency on the advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Indira Gandhi's government begins the Emergency period, during which civil liberties and political opposition are sharply restricted.

Appointed President of Uganda, for life

Police open fire & 76 students are killed

Appointed President of Uganda, for life

The hijackers demand the release of 53 PLO and Red Army Faction prisoners in return for the 256 hostages and are assisted by Amins troops. Flight 139, the Air France Airbus hijacked from Athens is invited by Amin to stop at Entebbe International Airport in the city of Entebbe, 32 km from Kampala

Appointed President of Uganda, for life

The hijackers demand the release of 53 PLO and Red Army Faction prisoners in return for the 256 hostages and are assisted by Amins troops

The hijackers demand the release of 53 PLO and Red Army Faction prisoners in return for the 256 hostages and are assisted by Amins troops

A congressional record notes a June 25, 1976, telephone call from Sturgis offering information he believed might relate to intelligence matters.

Heads the Netherlands level late in the World Cup final.

Finishes the World Cup as leading scorer with six goals after Argentina secure the championship.

Captains Argentina to its first FIFA World Cup championship.

Coaches Argentina to its first World Cup title on home soil.

Scores twice as Argentina defeat the Netherlands 3-1 after extra time.

Keeps Argentina in the final as the hosts defeat the Netherlands after extra time.

Scores Argentina's third goal in extra time to complete the 3-1 World Cup final victory over the Netherlands.

Survives an attempt on his life near the NATO HQ in Belgium. Escapes an assassination attempt by the reconstituted Baader-Meinhof Group

Survives an attempt on his life near the NATO HQ in Belgium

Survives an attempt on his life near the NATO HQ in Belgium

Governor Rex Hunt returns to Stanley as Civil Commissioner

Returns to Stanley as Civil Commissioner.

1st woman to walk in space

Represents Germany as leaders seek a durable settlement of Community budget disputes and institutional reform.

Mitterrand chaired the Fontainebleau European Council, which settled major budget disputes and relaunched institutional reform.

Represents Greece as leaders settle major budget disputes and revive institutional reform.

Scores both goals as Argentina defeat Belgium 2-0 in the semi-final.

Captains the Netherlands and heads the opening goal in the 2-0 European Championship final victory over the Soviet Union.

Scores a celebrated volley as the Netherlands beat the Soviet Union 2-0 in the European Championship final.

Guides the Netherlands to their first major international trophy by winning UEFA EURO 1988.

Plays in central defence as the Netherlands defeat the Soviet Union to win UEFA EURO 1988.

The IRA bomb the Carlton Club

Hosts the European Council as leaders agree to launch conferences on political union and monetary union.

The IRA bomb the Carlton Club

Government record concerning the IRA: The IRA bomb the Carlton Club

Historical IRA record under Conservative Party Government: The IRA bomb the Carlton Club

IRA context for Margaret Hilda Thatcher: The IRA bomb the Carlton Club

Supports the decision to begin an intergovernmental conference on political union.

Opposes the secession of Croatia and Slovenia from Yugoslavia.

Proclaims Croatian independence from Yugoslavia.

Croatia declares independence from Yugoslavia.

Croatia and Slovenia proclaim independence

Croatia and Slovenia proclaim independence

Slovenia declares independence from Yugoslavia.

Cresson represents France as Spain and Portugal sign Schengen accession agreements. French officials link border removal with operational law-enforcement cooperation.

In France, Dumas endorses Spanish and Portuguese accession to the Convention at the Bonn signing. The French approach stresses both free movement and compensating security measures.

In Belgium, Eyskens endorses the Bonn agreements extending Schengen to Spain and Portugal. Belgian officials favour gradual implementation backed by shared security measures.

In Germany, Genscher supports the Bonn agreements extending Schengen to Spain and Portugal. The German approach combines mobility with coordinated frontier safeguards.

Kohl represents Germany as Spain and Portugal sign Schengen accession agreements. German officials emphasise reliable information-sharing between national authorities.

Lubbers represents Netherlands as Spain and Portugal sign Schengen accession agreements. Dutch officials favour shared information systems alongside open internal borders.

Martens represents Belgium as Spain and Portugal sign Schengen accession agreements. The Belgian approach combines mobility with common visa and policing rules.

In Netherlands, van den Broek supports the Bonn accession agreements bringing Spain and Portugal into the Schengen framework. The Dutch approach combines mobility with common security safeguards.

Opposes the breakup of Yugoslavia.

Becomes Canada first woman prime minister.

Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 1st term, 1st female PM

Supports preparations for the Union's 1995 enlargement and future institutional reform.

Supports the Greek Presidency as the Corfu summit prepares future institutional reform.

Lush release Split, which reaches the UK Top Twenty during the transition toward their later Britpop-era sound.

Scores twice as Argentina come from behind to defeat Nigeria 2-1 in the World Cup group stage.

Keeps a clean sheet as Belgium defeat the Netherlands 1-0 in the World Cup group stage.

Scores the only goal as Belgium defeat the Netherlands 1-0 at the World Cup.

Indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and accused of genocide, crimes against humanity, and numerous war crimes (including crimes relating to the alleged sniping campaign against civilians in Sarajevo)

Indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and accused of genocide, crimes against humanity, and numerous war crimes (including crimes relating to the alleged sniping campaign against civilians in Sarajevo)

Indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and accused of genocide, crimes against humanity, and numerous war crimes (including crimes relating to the alleged sniping campaign against civilians in Sarajevo)

A bomb rips through a US military housing complex near Dhahran Saudi Arabia killing 19 Americans

Signs an agreement making Chile an associate member of Mercosur.

Galileo flies close to Callisto, adding detailed imaging and geophysical measurements of the heavily cratered moon.

Elections to the newly formed Northern Ireland assembly

Elections to the newly formed Northern Ireland assembly

Arrives in China & receives an open letter from founders of the China Democratic Party

Scores Belgium's early goal in the 1-1 World Cup draw with South Korea.

ZANU-PF narrowly retains control while the MDC becomes a major parliamentary opposition.

Guides South Korea to the World Cup semi-final, becoming the first Dutch coach to take an Asian nation that far.

His centenary renews public interest in Orwell's life and writing.

Maliki presents a national reconciliation plan to the Iraqi Parliament, the peace plan sets out to remove powerful militias from the streets, open a dialogue with rebels, and review the status of purged members of the once-ruling Baath party

Sets out arguments for further welfare reform and a stronger link between support, work and responsibility.

The General National Congress elects Abusahmain as its new president.

Is appointed Real Madrid manager before beginning his first spell in charge.

Libyans elect a new House of Representatives amid deteriorating security.

Scores twice as Argentina defeat Nigeria 3-2 and complete a perfect World Cup group stage.

Scores Argentina's third goal to secure a 3-2 World Cup victory over Nigeria.

Sends Portugal into the quarter-finals with a close-range header.

Scores the extra-time winner against Croatia at Euro 2016.

Captains Liverpool to their first league title in thirty years.

Guides Liverpool to their first Premier League title.

Signs bipartisan gun safety legislation.

Ukrainian forces withdraw from Severodonetsk after intense fighting.

Announces the Ukrainian withdrawal from Severodonetsk after intense fighting

Welcomes the formal opening of Ukraine's accession negotiations with the European Union.

Launches on Axiom Mission 4.

Launches on Axiom Mission 4.

Commands Axiom Mission 4 to the International Space Station.

Shubhanshu Shukla launches as pilot of Axiom Mission 4 on a mission to the International Space Station.

Meets Donald Trump during the NATO summit and discusses air defense, weapons and diplomacy.

Birth of Eloy Alfaro Delgado

Birth of George Orwell, born Eric Arthur Blair, in Motihari.

Birth of Sydney Lumet

Death of Niels of Denmark, kiled during a skirmish in Schleswig, end of the reign of the last of Sweyn Estridsons sons

Death of Niels of Denmark, kiled during a skirmish in Schleswig, end of the reign of the last of Sweyn Estridsons sons

Death of Osbert Mountford, executed

Richard III, the Lord Protector, has Grey executed for treason

Richard III, as Lord Protector, has Lord Rivers executed for treason

Death of Mary

Is killed by musket fire while attacking the Maastricht fortifications.

Death of Mitsuru Ushijima, commits ritual suicide during the Battle of Okinawa

Death of Wilhelm Heinrich Walter Baade

Michel Foucault dies in Paris after complications associated with AIDS, aged fifty-seven.

Death of Michael Jackson

Death of Sky Saxon

The brothers Louis & Charles defeat their elder brother Lothair I

Attempts to seize all power but defeated by his brothers Pepin & Louis the German

The brothers Louis the German & Charles defeat their elder brother Lothair I

In India Aurangzeb proclaims himself emperor of the Moghuls, after victory at Samgarh

Positions cavalry behind the redoubts before the Swedish attack.

Peter crosses the Vorskla with the main Russian army before the battle.

Orders construction of redoubts blocking the Swedish line of advance.

Bolivar defeats the Spanish General Miguel de La Torre

Bolivar defeats the Spanish General Miguel de La Torre

The 264-man US 7th cavalry is massacred at the hands of the Sioux Chief "Sitting Bull". Death of George Armstrong Custer, killed at the Battle of Little Big Horn

Royal Flying Corps aircraft support preparatory operations by attacking German observation balloons.

The German advance on Paris is turned back, Bellau Wood is secured by the Allies

Commits ritual suicide

Maria Theresa was crowned ruler of Hungary in Pressburg using the full royal coronation ceremony.