October 30 in History

Deposed by Alhred who claims to be a descendant of Ida

Succeeds as King of Northumbria

Edward arranges a truce and returns to England

The Council of Constance was convened on 30 October 1413. During the third session, rival Pope Gregory XII authorized the council as well. The council resolved that all three popes should abdicate and a new Pope be elected

The Council of Constance was convened on 30 October 1413. During the third session, rival Pope Gregory XII authorized the council as well. The council resolved that all three popes should abdicate and a new Pope be elected

The Council of Constance was convened by Pisan Pope John XXIII in 1414 at Constance to resolve the Western Schism. This is endorsed by Gregory XII, Innocent VII's successor in Rome, thus ensuring the legitimacy of any election

The Council of Constance was convened on 30 October 1413. During the third session, rival Pope Gregory XII authorized the council as well. The council resolved that all three popes should abdicate and a new Pope be elected

The Council of Constance was convened by Pisan Pope John XXIII in 1414 at Constance to resolve the Western Schism. This is endorsed by Gregory XII, Innocent VII's successor in Rome, thus ensuring the legitimacy of any election

The Council of Constance was convened on 30 October 1413. During the third session, rival Pope Gregory XII authorized the council as well. The council resolved that all three popes should abdicate and a new Pope be elected

In a letter dated 30 October 1557, Henry of France requested that the Scottish Parliament send commissioners to prepare for the wedding of Queen Mary to the Dauphin of France'gnine commissioners are appointed to negotiate the wedding Treaty

In a letter dated 30 October 1557, Henry of France requested that the Scottish Parliament send commissioners to prepare for the wedding of Queen Mary to the Dauphin of France'gnine commissioners are appointed to negotiate the wedding Treaty

In a letter dated 30 October 1557, Henry of France requested that the Scottish Parliament send commissioners to prepare for the wedding of Queen Mary to the Dauphin of France'gnine commissioners are appointed to negotiate the wedding Treaty

Commissioners are appointed to negotiate the wedding Treaty

In a letter Henry of France requests that the Scottish Parliament send commissioners to prepare for the wedding of Queen Mary to the Dauphin of France

Succeeds as King of Sweden

Rainsborough is killed at Doncaster after becoming identified with the Leveller cause, and his funeral later becomes a large Leveller demonstration in London

Thomas Rainsborough is killed in Doncaster; he was a Member of Parliament and Leveller sympathiser who had spoken at the Putney Debates, and his funeral later becomes a large Leveller-led demonstration in London

Set aside as a day of thanksgiving for the surrender of Drogheda

Charles II receives William III of Orange at Whitehall during the prince's visit to England.

The Grand Dauphin's army receives the capitulation of Philippsburg after a month-long siege.

Starhemberg conducts a determined defence of Philippsburg before the outnumbered Imperial garrison capitulates.

Receives an official pass permitting him to travel abroad as political pressure encourages his withdrawal from Britain.

The US navy is founded

Barras hosted Bonaparte for dinner as political manoeuvring intensified shortly before the coup of Brumaire.

Promulgates a new constitution that strengthens the office of Supreme Director.

Exiles Louis Napoleon to America for leading a garrison to against the Government

Pardons Prince Louis Napoleon Bonaparte

Introduces regular passenger railway service in the Russian Empire.

Opens the railway linking Saint Petersburg with Tsarskoye Selo.

George I arrives in Athens to begin his reign.

In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

The war ends with the Treaty of Vienna and Denmark's cession of the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

The war ends with the Treaty of Vienna and Denmark's cession of the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

The war ends with the Treaty of Vienna and Denmark's cession of the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

The war ends with the Treaty of Vienna and Denmark's cession of the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

As a result of the peace settlement, the land area of the Danish monarchy decreased by 40% and the total population reduced from 2.6 million to 1.6 million (about 38.5%). The Danish frontier had retreated about 250 km as measured from the furthest corner of the Duchy of Lauenburg to the new frontier on the Kongea river

In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

Bratianu's government enters a secret defensive alliance with Austria-Hungary and Germany.

Approves Canadian volunteers for the South African War.

Achieves a major late-war tactical success in eastern Transvaal.

Crean accompanies Lieutenant Michael Barne on three sledging trips across the Ross Ice Shelf, then known as the "Great Ice Barrier" including the 12-man party led by Barne which set out on 30 October 1902 to lay depots in support of the main southern journey undertaken by Scott, Shackleton and Edward Wilson

Crean accompanies Lieutenant Michael Barne on three sledging trips across the Ross Ice Shelf, then known as the "Great Ice Barrier" including the 12-man party led by Barne which set out on 30 October 1902 to lay depots in support of the main southern journey undertaken by Scott, Shackleton and Edward Wilson

Issues a manifesto granting the right of Labour to organize. Issues a manifesto granting freedom of speech, conscience and Assembly. Issues a manifesto granting a suffrage law for elections to the Duma

Issues a manifesto granting a suffrage law for elections to the Duma

Issues a manifesto granting a suffrage law for elections to the Duma

Contributes expertise from precision measurements of infrared radiation.

Day's motor suffers a major mechanical failure and is abandoned on the Barrier.

The motor sledges prove unreliable, often refusing to start until heated or stopping after short distances. The first machine fails permanently on 30 October.

Participates in the Solvay meeting devoted to radiation and quanta.

Participates in the first Solvay Conference on radiation and quanta.

Attends the first Solvay Conference as an experimental physicist.

Attends the first Solvay Conference on radiation theory.

The first motor tractor fails permanently on the Ross Ice Shelf.

Works on the expedition's motor sledges during the southern journey.

Works with motor sledges as mechanical failures mount.

Helps continue hauling after motor sledge failures.

Contributes to discussions concerning emerging quantum concepts.

Discusses quantum theory with leading European physicists in Brussels.

Engages in international debate on quantum and thermodynamic problems.

Fisher returns to the Admiralty as First Sea Lord after Prince Louis of Battenberg leaves office.

Appoints Admiral Lord Fisher as First Sea Lord following Prince Louis of Battenberg's resignation.

Monro arrives to take command and immediately reviews whether the peninsula should be evacuated.

Appointed Chancellor of Germany

His counterattack fails against Soviet-backed forces.

Kerensky's forces are defeated near Petrograd, ending his immediate attempt to reverse the Bolshevik takeover.

Krasnov's forces encounter Soviet defenders at Pulkovo during the fighting outside Petrograd.

Lenin's government faces an armed challenge from Kerensky and Krasnov during the early consolidation of Bolshevik power.

Bolshevik organisers support defence measures as Krasnov's forces threaten Petrograd.

Trotsky helps organise Soviet resistance against the advance of Krasnov's Cossack forces.

Turkey signs an armistice. The Dardanelles & Bosporus are opened to all & the Army is demobilized

Istanbul & parts of Anatolia are occupied causing Mustafa Kemal to lead a revolt

Supports Slovak participation in new Czechoslovakia.

Declines a proposed knighthood after the war.

Appointed Commander in Chief

Appointed Commander in Chief

Backs Slovak declaration joining the Czechoslovak state.

The Ottoman Empire signs an armistice five days after Aleppo falls.

Turkey capitulates after Allenbys Damascus Campaign

The exhausted Turkish Empire ceases fighting

Appointed Prime Minister of Hungary by Emperor-King Charles

The imperial fleet and flotilla pass to successor-state control as Habsburg authority disintegrates.

The Ottoman Empire ends hostilities with the Allies.

Surrenders the Fleet to the Yugoslavs & the Flotilla to the Hungarians

Turkey surrenders to the Allies

Appointed President of Turkey, 2nd term

Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 1st term

Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, 1st term

Succeeds as Shah of Iran, overthrows the Kajar Dynasty & is proclaimed Shah

Succeeds as Shah of Iran, overthrows the Kajar Dynasty & is proclaimed Shah

Turkey & Greece agree territorial staus quo. Turkey & Greece agree naval parity in the eastern Mediterranean

A 5 yr extension of the alliance with Russia

Organizes the election that restores stable constitutional government.

Mao reaches the north Shensi Soviet area supervised by Kao Kang

The end of the Long March for the 1st Front Army. Mao reaches the north Shensi Soviet area supervised by Kao Kang

Busch promulgates a constitution influenced by social reform and Chaco War nationalism.

Russia formally annexes its occupied Polish territories

Russia formally annexes its occupied Polish territories

Russia formally annexes its occupied Polish territories

Treaty with Latvia for the evacuation of Germans from the Baltic

Treaty with Latvia for the evacuation of Germans from the Baltic

Carries captured U-559 codebooks and Enigma material from the sinking submarine to the British boarding party.

Boards sinking U-559 and retrieves Enigma key material before drowning when the submarine founders.

Enters U-559 with Fasson and helps recover documents vital to renewed attacks on four-rotor Naval Enigma.

Agrees to the European Advisery Commission to divide Germany into military zones

It is agreed after Germany is defeated Austria should regain independence. Agreed to form the European Advisery Commission to divide Germany into military zones

Declaration to create an international organisation for peace & security. Annexation imposed on Austria by Germany on March 15, 1938, is null and void

Establishes the principle of an international organisation to for international peace

Signed by the USA, Russia, China & Britain

Establishes the principle of an international organisation to keep international peace

Agrees to form the European Advisery Commission to divide Germany into military zones

China joins the United States, Britain and Soviet Union in the Four-Nation Declaration supporting a postwar international security organization.

Agrees to form the European Advisery Commission to divide Germany into military zones

Establishes the principle of an international organisation to for international peace

Agrees to the European Advisery Commission to divide Germany into military zones

Jinnah asserts in a speech that the League had accepted partition because "the consequences of any other alternative would have been too disastrous to imagine"[

Jinnah asserts in a speech that the League had accepted partition because "the consequences of any other alternative would have been too disastrous to imagine"[

The First Hedtoft Premiership ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Begins the Eriksen Government in Copenhagen and serves as Prime Minister of Denmark.

Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 4th term

Approves the NSC 162/2 framework associated with the New Look strategy, emphasizing deterrence and a strong nuclear posture.

Sharon's overland column links with the paratroopers dropped near Mitla Pass the previous day.

Wallach directs the 38th Division's infantry and armoured formations on the central Sinai axis.

Eitan's isolated 890th Battalion is reunited with the advancing 202nd Paratroop Brigade.

Dayan directs forces toward the key Abu Ageila road junction and defensive complex.

Simhoni coordinates the converging Israeli formations attacking Egyptian positions around Abu Ageila.

Ben-Ari's armoured brigade helps open the route through the Abu Ageila defensive area.

Issues an Anglo-French ultimatum to Egypt and Israel after Israel's invasion of Sinai

Presents the ultimatum demanding withdrawal from the canal zone and acceptance of Anglo-French occupation

Wallach's divisional group reduces key Egyptian positions while the Israeli central axis moves deeper into Sinai.

Ben-Ari's 7th Armoured Brigade captures the Dyka Pass during the central Sinai breakthrough.

Dayan's original timetable is overtaken when the 7th Armoured Brigade enters combat a day earlier than planned.

Marine aptitude testing found Lee above average in reading and vocabulary but below average in arithmetic and pattern analysis.

Prepares to execute the revised Anglo-French operation centred on Port Said

Simhoni's Southern Command forces capture the Quseima strongpoint as the central advance develops.

Ben-Ari leads the 7th Armoured Brigade into Sinai to reinforce the main Israeli advance.

Ben-Ari brings the 7th Armoured Brigade into the battle earlier than the original General Staff timetable.

Coordinates Israeli armour and paratroop columns as they advance across Sinai.

Israel accepts the Anglo-French ultimatum to withdraw 10 miles from Suez. Egypt turns down the Anglo-French ultimatum for a cease-fire

Issues an ultimatum with France demanding that Israel and Egypt withdraw from the canal zone

Israel accepts the Anglo-French ultimatum while Egypt rejects the demand for withdrawal from the canal zone

Rejects the Anglo-French ultimatum demanding withdrawal from the canal zone.

Defends Britain's ultimatum during international debate over the crisis

Brings the crisis before the United Nations after the Israeli invasion of Sinai.

The OAS explode 70 bombs in Algiers

Appointed Prime Minister of Turkey, acting

The Soviet Union detonates the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear device ever tested.

The Soviet Union detonates Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear explosive ever tested.

An archival report dated October 30, 1963, described Frank Fiorini as an American pilot involved in planning air strikes against Cuba.

Hosty reported the results of his Irving pretext inquiry in an FBI airtel describing Marina's residence and Oswald's visiting arrangement.

McCone told Averell Harriman that CIA had not coordinated or endorsed the August policy cable on South Vietnam as Harriman had been led to believe.

Hosty conducted a pretext inquiry near 2515 West Fifth Street in Irving to establish where Marina and Lee Harvey Oswald were staying.

Hosty's October 30 inquiry established that Marina Oswald was living with Ruth Paine in Irving.

Hosty learned that Lee Harvey Oswald visited Marina at the Paine residence but was not living there during the working week.

In a broadcast rules out military intervention if Rhodesia declares UDI

In a broadcast rules out military intervention if Rhodesia declares UDI

In a broadcast rules out military intervention if Rhodesia declares UDI

Appointed President of Brazil

Signs the Rail Passenger Service Act creating Amtrak

Administers transportation policy as Congress creates Amtrak

Signs principles of Soviet-French cooperation with Georges Pompidou at the end of his French visit.

Ali regains his title by defeating champion George Foreman in their bizarre bout in Kinshasa, Zaire, hyped as "The Rumble In The Jungle"

Uses the Ali-Foreman heavyweight championship in Kinshasa to promote Zaire internationally.

Ali regains his title by defeating champion George Foreman in their bizarre bout in Kinshasa, Zaire, hyped as "The Rumble In The Jungle"

Ali regains his title by defeating champion George Foreman in their bizarre bout in Kinshasa, Zaire, hyped as "The Rumble In The Jungle"

Assumes sovereign powers "provisionally" 3 weeks before Francos death

Joins Dylan's Rolling Thunder Revue.

Begins the Rolling Thunder Revue tour.

Succeeds as King of Spain

Government record concerning the IRA: The Eksund seizure exposes extensive Libyan supply of weapons and explosives to the IRA.

Historical IRA record under Government of Libya: The Eksund seizure exposes extensive Libyan supply of weapons and explosives to the IRA.

IRA context for Muammar Gaddafi: The Eksund seizure exposes extensive Libyan supply of weapons and explosives to the IRA.

Government record concerning the IRA: French authorities intercept the Eksund carrying a major Libyan arms shipment for the IRA.

Historical IRA record under Government of Libya: French authorities intercept the Eksund carrying a major Libyan arms shipment for the IRA.

IRA context for Muammar Gaddafi: French authorities intercept the Eksund carrying a major Libyan arms shipment for the IRA.

The Eksund seizure exposes extensive Libyan supply of weapons and explosives to the IRA.

French authorities intercept the Eksund carrying a major Libyan arms shipment for the IRA.

BP shares are sold on the stock exchange after a buy back scheme is introduced

Nitish Kumar serves as Union Minister of State for Agriculture.

Rejects proposals for deeper European political union in the House of Commons.

Israel attends the Madrid Conference as the First Intifada helps force renewed peace diplomacy

Serves as a leading voice for the Palestinian delegation at Madrid.

Co-sponsors the Madrid Peace Conference with the Soviet Union.

Participates in the Madrid process as Palestinian diplomacy enters direct talks.

Leads Israel to the Madrid Conference, opening direct talks after years of Intifada violence.

Supports the Danish demand for a special arrangement concerning participation in the third stage of economic and monetary union.

Uses Denmark in Europe as the negotiating basis for securing special arrangements from the other member states.

The government submits Denmark in Europe, identifying defence, monetary union, citizenship and justice issues requiring special arrangements.

Supports constitutional safeguards for Danish participation in future justice and home-affairs cooperation under the Maastricht framework.

Campaigns for federal unity in Quebec second sovereignty referendum.

Quebec votes to remain part of Canada, but provincial separatists lose only by a narrow margin (50.6 percent to 49.4) and vow to continue their efforts

Forms a reform government after Meciar's defeat.

Janata Dal (United) is from mainly Bihar and Karnataka is led by Ntish Kumar & reconstituted by the merger of the Janata Dal (United) with the Samata Party

Release Endless Wire, their first album since 1982.

Brown presents the Stern Review's economic case for early action on climate change.

Merrill Lynchs Stan ONeal is ousted after the bank reveals an $8.4 billion quarterly loss

The Legal Services Act reforms regulation and creates the Legal Services Board.

Releases Long Road Out of Eden with Eagles, the band's first full studio album since 1979.

Merrill Lynchs Stan ONeal is ousted after the bank reveals an $8.4 billion quarterly loss

The UK Borders Act changes immigration enforcement, biometric registration and border powers.

during a state visit to the United Kingdom, Abdullah was greeted by protesters accusing him of being a "murderer" and a "torturer", concerns esed in the UK about the treatment of women and homosexuals by the Saudi kingdom

Releases Psychedelic Pill with Crazy Horse, featuring long-form electric guitar performances.

Gheorghe Brega becomes acting Prime Minister after Strelet's dismissal

Is inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Kraftwerk.

Is inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Kraftwerk

Is inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Kraftwerk for musical influence.

Is posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Kraftwerk.

Signs an executive order on artificial intelligence safety.

Starmer supports the Government's first Budget and its programme of taxation and investment.

Birth of John Adams

Born in Cummington, Massachusetts; later serves in the House and Senate.

Birth of Guenther Hans von Kluge

Birth of Timothy B. Schmit, later bassist and vocalist with Poco and Eagles.

Royalist raiders kill Rainsborough at Doncaster while he is serving with Parliament's northern forces.

Death of Edmund Cartwright

Wins a victory against the Moors

Retreats from Leipzig & battles through an Austrian-Bavarian force

The invading Hungarians are confronted by Windisch-Gratz & turned back

The invading Hungarians are confronted by Windisch-Gratz & turned back

White directs British forces in the unsuccessful fighting around Ladysmith before the siege closes in.

Takes part in the Boer victory near Ladysmith.

Suffers a serious reverse outside Ladysmith.

Forced back by a Boer force led by Transvaal General Joubert

Is mortally wounded during Botha's victory.

Defeats a British column at Bakenlaagte.

Defeats a British force at Bakenlaagte.

Brits participates in the coordinated Boer assault that overwhelms part of Benson's column at Bakenlaagte.

Grobler commands Boer fighters in the attack on Benson's rearguard at Bakenlaagte.

Opperman takes part in Botha's attack at Bakenlaagte and is killed during the Boer victory.

Viljoen leads one of the Boer groups involved in the successful attack on the British rearguard at Bakenlaagte.

Helps win a major First Balkan War battle.

Forced by the Bulgarians to retreat behind the Chatalja Line to protect Constantinople

Retreats after defeat at Lule Burgas.

Byng commands cavalry at Ypres.

Commands the 3rd Cavalry Division at Ypres

French forces support the Allied line at Ypres.

Fabeck commands a German attack toward Ypres.

His forces are repulsed outside Petrograd.

Crowns Henry VII

Crowned King of England, 1st Tudor monarch

At the coronation of Henry VII Shrewsbury bore the sword "curtana"

Crowned King of Spain