September 1 in History

Werner of Mainz introduced Rudolf of Habsburg as a candidate for the German kingship.

Given the title of Marquise of Pembroke by Henry VIII plus an annual income of 1,000 pounds

Anne Boleyn is created Marquess of Pembroke.

Arranges a meeting between Henry VIII & Francis I at Boulogne-sur-Mer

Concludes the Treaty of Westminster

Leads a force of 2,000 light horse across the border into Scotland

The Lannguedoc rebels are defeated

The Lannguedoc rebels are defeated

Rupert of the Rhine attacks Essexs Army

Routs Lord Elchos Army

Persues Cromwell & that evening posts the Scots at Doon Hill about 2 miles from Dunbar

Offers the Scots battle, they refuse & Cromwell falls back to Dunbar

Approves sending De Ruyter from the Mediterranean to recover Dutch posts in West Africa.

Receives orders at Malaga to sail to West Africa against English seizures.

Junior officer in the Allied army which comes to the relief of Vienna from the Turks

Junior officer in the Allied army which comes to the relief of Vienna from the Turks

Junior officer in the Allied army which comes to the relief of Vienna from the Turks

Boufflers commands the determined French defence of Namur's citadel before negotiating capitulation.

William III of Orange completes the successful recapture of Namur after a major Allied siege, his most important battlefield success of the Nine Years' War.

Eugene defeats Villeroy's assault from a prepared defensive position.

Portocarrero becomes Governor of the Realm during Philip V's early reign.

Succeeds as King of France, the grandson of Louis XIV. Comes to the throne age 5 under the regency of the Duke of Orleans

Succeeds Louis XIV as a five-year-old king.

Although it proved to be a false alarm, the Powder Alarm caused all concerned to proceed more carefully in the days ahead, and essentially provided a "dress rehearsal" for the Battle of Lexington and Concord seven months later.

British soldiers confiscate gunpowder and other military supplies in a surprise raid near Boston.

In response to the raid, amid rumors that blood had been shed, alarm spread through the countryside, and American Patriots sprang into action, fearing that war was at hand.

Appointed Corporal

Receives Mozart's dedication of the six Haydn Quartets.

Publishes six string quartets dedicated to Joseph Haydn.

Appointed Lieutenant en second of a Battalion in an artillery regiment

The first great main-span truss is floated into position on barges before being raised above the river.

Tugs, naval vessels and hundreds of workers manoeuvre the first main truss through the river into alignment with its piers.

Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union

Mississippi becomes the second slave state to secede from the Union

Marches the Unionists through Georgia & takes Atlanta 1 Sept & Savannah 22 Dec

Marches the Unionists through Georgia & takes Atlanta 1 Sept & Savannah 22 Dec

Argues for federal union at the Charlottetown Conference.

Represents Canada East during Confederation discussions at Charlottetown.

Attends the Charlottetown Conference where Confederation is discussed.

Prepares the Fourth Annual Report of the General Council of the International.

Commands, with Moltke his right hand man, a victory which leads to the fall of Paris

Accepts transfer of British Arctic territories to Canada.

Forms a defensive position near Kerreri before the Khalifa's army launches its main attack.

Bisdee rides back under fire at Warm Bad to assist wounded men and later receives the Victoria Cross.

Wylly rescues a wounded comrade under close Boer fire at Warm Bad and later receives the Victoria Cross.

Proclaims the annexation of the Transvaal.

Roberts formally proclaims the annexation of the Transvaal

Roberts formally proclaims the annexation of the Transvaal

Captures the Boer Republic

Announces a new railway between Damascus to the Holy Places in Arabia

Appointed President of Ecuador, 1st term

Creates Alberta and Saskatchewan as new provinces.

Appointed President of Ecuador

Shot at the opera in Kiev in front of Tsar Nicholas II

Appointed President of Ecuador

Appointed President of Ecuador, 2nd term

Yuans forces capture Nangking from the Nationalist Kuomingtang

Joffre orders a retreat to the Seine-Aube-Ornain line

Kluck reaches Crepy-en-Valois, 30 miles from Paris

Kluck crosses the Oise

Kluck reaches Villers-Cotterets, 30 miles from Paris

Orders the 6th French Army to defend Paris

After American outrage, Germany officially stops sinking passenger vessels without warning

Appointed Chief of the Imperial General Staff

Appointed Chief of the Imperial General Staff

Dismissed after the Tsar takes personal charge of STAVKA

Dismissed after the Tsar takes personal charge of STAVKA

Dismissed & replaced by Nicholas II

Dismissed after Nicholas II takes charge of Stavka

Appointed President of Ecuador

Kornilov is arrested after the failure of his confrontation with Kerensky and is later confined at Bykhov.

Is arrested after the failure of the Kornilov Affair.

Appointed as Commander in Chief, 2nd term, recalled

Appointed as Commander in Chief, 2nd term, recalled

Orders action against senior officers associated with Kornilov after the attempted military challenge collapses.

Remains at army headquarters while government authorities prepare to remove and detain officers connected with the affair.

Bolshevik supporters use the aftermath of the crisis to press for greater influence in the Petrograd Soviet.

Accepts arrest after the affair collapses.

Establishes a bridgehead over the Dvina & the Russian Twelfth Army flees

The Petrograd Cheka Chief is assassinated

Incites the soldiers. Announces, "bourgoisie kill separate individuals but we kill whole classes"

The Red Army search for suspects & Kronstadt sailors shoot 500 hostages. The Petrograd Cheka Chief is assassinated

The Red Army search for suspects & Kronstadt sailors shoot 500 hostages

The municipal savings institution begins operating under its permanent Birmingham Municipal Bank name.

The Commission on Polish Affairs recommends recognizing complete Polish sovereignty west of its proposed eastern line while leaving claims beyond it unresolved.

Appointed President of Ecuador

Appointed President of Ecuador

Civil marriage is made compulsory

Albania is declared a Kingdom & Zog elected King

Albania is declared a Kingdom & Zog elected King

Constituent Assembly elects Ahmet Zog as King of Albania

Succeeds as King Zog I after the republic becomes a monarchy

Albania is declared a kingdom and Zog is proclaimed king

Zog begins royal rule as King Zog I of Albania

Completes the first nonstop flight from Paris to New York in 37 hours & 18 minutes

Appointed Lieutenant Colonel in the General Staff, advocate of tank blitzkriegs

Appointed President of Ecuador, 1st term

Appointed Adjutant General of the British Expeditionary Force

Appointed Adjutant General of the British Expeditionary Force

Appointed Adjutant General of the British Expeditionary Force

Appointed Adjutant General of the British Expeditionary Force

Appointed Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force

Appointed Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force

Appointed Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force

Appointed Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force

Appointed Chief of Imperial General Staff

Appointed Chief of Imperial General Staff

Appointed Commander of the 4th Army in Poland

Appointed Commander of the 4th Army in Poland

With Hartland Snyder, models continued stellar collapse and shows a sufficiently massive star can become cut off from communication with distant observers.

At the outbreak of the Second World War Quirnheim serves as a staff officer in the organisational division of the German General Staff

Has the task of seizing the Polish Corridor & threatening Warsaw from the north

Demands Hitler halt his Invasion of Poland

The Luftwaffe attacks Polish airfields and supports the German invasion of Poland

The Luftwaffe make a preemptive strike against Polish airfields. The Luftwaffe gains air superiority but loses 500 aircraft during a 4 week campaign

Commands XIX Panzer Corps, perfects his blitzkrieg technique

The invasion begins one week after the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and ends October 6, 1939, with Germany and the Soviet Union occupying the entirety of Poland

Has the task of destroying Polish forces on the border before approaching Warsaw

Commands the Polish forces during the German invasion of Poland

The German Army crosses the Polish border

Slovakia joins Germany's invasion of Poland.

The Luftwaffe make a preemptive strike against Polish airfields. The Luftwaffe gains air superiority but loses 500 aircraft during a 4 week campaign

Full mobilization of the 3rd Division is ordered

Jodl serves in the OKW operations leadership as Germany begins the invasion of Poland.

Has the task of seizing the Polish Corridor & threatening Warsaw from the north

Asks Churchill to join the Cabinet as First Lord of the Admiralty

The invasion begins one week after the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and ends October 6, 1939, with Germany and the Soviet Union occupying the entirety of Poland

Has the task of destroying Polish forces on the border before approaching Warsaw

Observes the outbreak of the Second World War from exile.

Appointed President of Ecuador

Appointed Commander of XXX Corps in the Eighth Army by Montgomery

Appointed Commander of XXX Corps in the Eighth Army by Montgomery

The Italian government accepts Allied armistice terms and prepares to leave the Axis war effort.

The Italian Government agrees to the Allied terms of surrender

Assumes direct operational command of Allied ground forces in northwest Europe as the campaign advances beyond Normandy.

RAF & Yugoslav partisans attack roads & railways to prevent Germans escape Yugoslavia. A series of coordinated attacks launched on by Yugoslav partisans and the Balkan Air Force against German forces retreating from the Soviets

Tito & his Partisans pour into Serbia & attack the Chetniks. RAF & Yugoslav partisans attack roads & railways to prevent Germans escaping. A series of coordinated attacks launched on by Yugoslav partisans and the Balkan Air Force against German forces retreating from the Soviets

Is promoted field marshal as Eisenhower assumes direct command of Allied ground operations.

Presides as Cambodia holds its first parliamentary elections under French reforms

A Plebiscite favours the monarchy & George II returns to Greece

A Plebiscite favours the monarchy & George II returns to Greece

Appointed President of Ecuador

Appointed President of Ecuador

Put ashore near Inchon to gain information about the harbour prior to the US landings

The USA, Australia & New Zealand sign the Pacific Security Agreement

Appointed President of Ecuador, 3rd term

Social Security coverage is expanded to millions of additional workers, including farmers and many self-employed professionals.

Appointed President of Ecuador

Appointed President of Ecuador

Appointed President of Ecuador, 4th term

Kerensky records his position on democratic programme in exile.

Represents neutral Cambodia within the emerging Non-Aligned Movement

Pliyev commanded the Soviet Group of Forces in Cuba as missile, air-defense, armored, and support units arrived under Operation Anadyr.

McCone told the National Reconnaissance Program Executive Committee that he wanted CIA to retain its existing contracting responsibility for the CORONA satellite program.

Flag crisis in the Canal Zone produces deaths and transforms canal diplomacy

Flag riots in the Canal Zone trigger deaths and a major diplomatic crisis with the United States

Ayub Khan's government opens Operation Grand Slam against the Akhnoor sector after fighting expands in Kashmir.

Akhtar Hussain Malik launches Operation Grand Slam and advances through the Chhamb sector toward Akhnoor.

John Lennon writes "I Am the Walrus" while under the influence of LSD. John Lennon anonymously sponsors Yoko Onos Half a Wind Show (subtitled Yoko Plus Me) at London's Lisson Gallery

John Lennon anonymously sponsors Yoko Onos Half a Wind Show (subtitled Yoko Plus Me) at London's Lisson Gallery

Appointed President of Ecuador, 5th term

King Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi had been formally deposed by the revolutionary army officers and put under house arrest; they abolish the monarchy and proclaime the new Libyan Arab Republic

A small group of military officers led by Gaddafi stage a bloodless coup against King Idris I, while he is in Kammena Vourla, a Greek resort, for medical treatment

King Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi had been formally deposed by the revolutionary army officers and put under house arrest; they abolish the monarchy and proclaime the new Libyan Arab Republic.

The Revolutionary Command Council initiates the takeover of the country, they take to the airwaves and notified the Libyan people that they were finally free of the corrupt, pro-western Kingdom of Idris.

A small group of military officers led by Gaddafi stage a bloodless coup against King Idris I, while he is in Kammena Vourla, a Greek resort, for medical treatment

King Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi had been formally deposed by the revolutionary army officers and put under house arrest; they abolish the monarchy and proclaime the new Libyan Arab Republic

The Revolutionary Command Council abolishes the monarchy and proclaims the Libyan Arab Republic.

John Lennon returns his MBE, he says it is to protest the British Governments involvement in Biafra, its support of the US in Vietnam and the poor chart performance of his latest single, "Cold Turkey"

The Revolutionary Command Council initiates the takeover of the country, they take to the airwaves and notified the Libyan people that they were finally free of the corrupt, pro-western Kingdom of Idris

Young army officers seize state institutions and establish the Revolutionary Command Council.

Co-sponsors an amendment calling for US withdrawal from Vietnam

Co-sponsors an amendment calling for US withdrawal from Vietnam

Horst Herold is selected to be Chief Commissioner of the Bundeskriminalamt he goes about centralizing efforts to track down the Baader-Meinhof Gang & builds a computer system which contains every singe fact or bit of evidence relating the gang

Wins referendum approval for Egypt to join the Federation of Arab Republics with Libya and Syria.

The Rolling Stones sue their former manager Alan Klein for "falsely representing the group with intent to deceive"

Libya takes majority ownership in the operations of several foreign oil companies.

Becomes TUC general secretary as Labour and unions discuss a new political compact.

Appointed president by the military-dominated regime

The Geir Hallgrimsson Government ends, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Iceland.

Begins the Second Olafur Johannesson Government and serves as Prime Minister of Iceland.

Appointed president during the final phase of the civic-military dictatorship

Announces nationalization of the banking system during the debt and currency crisis

With Ronald Remillard, measures a mass function for A0620-00 whose compact object exceeds plausible neutron-star masses, strongly implying a black hole.

With John McClintock, establishes strong dynamical evidence that the compact object in A0620-00 is a stellar-mass black hole.

Slovak parliament adopts a new constitution.

Directs Faraway, So Close!, sequel to Wings of Desire.

Morocco establishes low-level diplomatic relations with Israel

Makes his England debut in a 3-0 World Cup qualifying victory over Moldova.

Continues Genesis with Mike Rutherford and Ray Wilson on Calling All Stations.

Sings on Calling All Stations, the only Genesis studio album with Ray Wilson.

Hosts Bill Clinton for a summit focused on nuclear security, arms control and the Russian financial crisis.

Bhutto vows to return to Pakistan "very soon", regardless of whether or not she reached a power-sharing deal with Musharraf before then

Aminata Toure becomes Prime Minister after Abdoul Mbaye leaves office

Burnham proposes coordinated action so more children begin school ready to learn.

Celebrates unemployment rate reaching 3.5 percent, a 50-year low.

Meets Joe Biden at the White House and discusses security, reform and Russian aggression.

Establishes the IAEA Support and Assistance Mission to Zaporizhzhya and a continuing Agency presence at the nuclear plant.

Presses allies for weapons, sanctions and accountability.

Birth of Gonzalo Fernendez de Cordoba, 2nd son of Don Pedro Fernandez de Cordoba, count of Aguilar

Birth of Roger Casement

Dies age 76 at St Saint-Saint-Germain-en-Laye after reigning for 72 years

Dies at Versailles after a reign of seventy-two years.

Death of John Charles Molteno

Leaves an influential body of choral, orchestral and chamber music.

Dies in Croydon at the age of thirty-seven.

Death of Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer

Death of June Child, heart attack in Turkey

Rupert of the Rhine attacks Essexs Army

Routs Lord Elchos Army

Villeroy attacks Eugene of Savoy at Chiari and suffers a costly French defeat.

Villeroy attacks Eugene's fortified position and suffers heavy losses.

United States forces defeat Californio forces near Los Angeles

Present in battle as a Major General, victory leads to the German fall of Paris

Participates in the victory that captures Napoleon III.

Commands the Third Army during the decisive campaign against France.

French defeat followed by the fall of Paris. Deputed by William to accept the surrender of the French. Commands a hill top over the Meuse valley looking into Sedan 2 miles away. Arrives with 150,000 , travelling 50 miles in 3 days through the Argonne Forest

Defeated by the Germans

Commands, with Moltke his right hand man, a victory which leads to the fall of Paris

Wimpfen surrenders to the Germans who then take Paris. The French who lose 17,000 & 104,000 taken prisoner. The French lose 17,000 plus 104,000 taken prisoner. Forced to surrender to the Germans who move on to take Paris

The French retreat into the fortress of Sedan where they are are bombarded. Faces a German force of 200,000 under Moltke

The Austrian 4th Army pushes back the Russian 4th Army

Prepares the German artillery for the attack on Riga. Hutier & Bruchmuller use artilley on to break holes in the defensive line

Hutiers Eighth Army attacks Russian positions around Riga to clear the coastal salient. Hutier & Bruchmuller use artilley to break holes in the defensive line

Establishes a bridgehead over the Dvina & the Russian Twelfth Army flees

The 2nd Australian Div captures Mont St Quentin & removes a central German strongpoint

Continues communications duties during attacks on RAF Biggin Hill.

Her courage under bombing later brings the Military Medal.

Marks unexploded bombs while the station is under attack.

Remains at her post during bombing of RAF Biggin Hill.

Continues working during repeated attacks on RAF Biggin Hill.

Her service under fire later earns the Military Medal.

Helps defeat Rommels attack on Alam Halfa Ridge

Rommels attack is turned back, Cairo & Alexandra are safeguarded

Coronation of Henry VI