June 30 in History

Proclaims the Augsburg Interim, a failed attempt to unite Catholics & Protestants

The laity can receive the Communion Cup & Protestant ministers can keep their wives. Rejected by most Protestant Princes & only accepted by Pope Paul in 1549. Defines a form of Catholicism acceptable to Protestants

Henry II is fatally wounded during a tournament celebrating the peace

William III of Orange receives the invitation from seven leading English opponents of James II asking him to intervene with military support.

William III is fighting James II, Louis XIV wants a Jacobite rebellion and invades

The Marquis de St Ruth (General Charles Chalmont), the French Jacobite general, moved too slowly to save Athlone, as he had to gather his troops from their quarters and raise new ones from rapparee bands and the levies of Irish landowners

Godert de Ginkell, the Williamites Dutch general, had breached the Jacobite line of defence by crossing the Shannon at Athlone - taking the town after a bloody siege

Louis XIV celebrates the French capture of Namur after the fortress and citadel capitulate.

Obdam leads a Dutch force operating near Antwerp.

Obdam leaves the battlefield believing his force has been destroyed.

Escapes south with Mazepa instead of surrendering.

Elected to the French Academy of Sciences

Promoted captain in the British Army

Appointed Captain

A force of 5,000 land at Marabut & occupty Alexandria, left in the hands of General Kleber

After 6 weeks at sea 5,000 land at Marabut & quickly occupy Alexandria

Sails away from Algiers after receiving assurances that piracy will end

Appointed Chief Minister of Prussia

Box Tunnel opens as the longest railway tunnel in the world at the time.

The complete Great Western Railway route between London and Bristol opens for through services.

Completion of the main line allows continuous railway travel between London and Bristol in about four hours.

Kearny leads the Army of the West toward New Mexico and California

Russell stays in office, the Conservatives are divided over protection

Victoria asks Russell to govern but he is unable to form a cabinet, Peel returns

The Mormons leave Nauvoo City on the trail for Salt Lake City

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 1st term

Peel is forced to resign after the defeat on the Irish Coercion Bill

Peel resigns

The Prince's Life Regiment was the last unit of the Danish army to leave Schleswig and Holstein

The Prince's Life Regiment was the last unit of the Danish army to leave Schleswig and Holstein

Royal headquarters reaches Gitschin as the First Army links with the Army of the Elbe.

Wilhelm joins royal headquarters after the Gitschin victory and approves the continued advance.

Is executed for assassinating President James Garfield.

Guiteau is hanged after conviction for Garfield's murder.

Oficially opens Tower Bridge

Submits On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, establishing the special theory of relativity.

Leads Greek forces against Bulgaria after the outbreak of war.

Faces simultaneous Serbian and Greek offensives.

Answers parliamentary questions about securing oil fuel supplies within the United Kingdom.

Answers Commons questions concerning new Royal Navy construction.

Gouraud is seriously wounded by shellfire while inspecting French positions at Cape Helles.

Birdwood's troops repel another Ottoman assault against the ANZAC perimeter at the end of June.

The reunited government formally joins the Allied war effort.

Approves the final timetable for the renewed Russian attack.

Appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Takes part in debate on the Contributory Pensions Bill and social insurance provision.

Labour wins 37.1% of votes cast & 287 MPs

Coaches Barcelona to the inaugural Spanish league championship.

The last Allied troops leave the Rhineland

Escapes from his home before the SS can reach him

The last Allied troops leave the Rhineland

Rounds up SA leaders in Munich & arrests them

An SS commando arrests Kahr at his Munich home during the Night of the Long Knives and transports him toward Dachau.

Arrested alongside othe SA leader & held in a prison cell in Munich

Confronts Rohm & has him & other SA leaders arrested

Confronts Rohm & has him & other SA leaders arrested. Confronts Rohm, accuses hime of organizing a rebellion & has him arrested

Orders the arrest & execution of all rivals to him within the Nazi Party

Assassinated during the Night of the Long Knives

Heydrich has his men uncover false "evidence" that SA leader Ernst Rohm was plotting to overthrow Hitler

Executed by the Nazis, Director of the Students Welfare Fund

Execution of Fritz Gerlich, executed by the Nazis for editing an anti-Nazi newspaper

Orders the arrest & execution of all rivals to him within the Nazi Party. Execution of Fritz Gerlich, executed by the Nazis for editing an anti-Nazi newspaper. Executed by the Nazis, had drafted Papens protest speech 13 days prior. Executed by the Nazis, Director of the Students Welfare Fund

Executed by the Nazis, had drafted Papens protest speech 13 days prior

SS personnel murder Kahr at Dachau during the Night of the Long Knives, eleven years after he opposed Hitler's putsch.

Helps organize the Night of the Long Knives. Goering forms a partnership with Himmler and Heydrich, placing the Gestapo under their control, in order to crush the SA

Heydrich and Himmler put pressure on Hitler to purge the leading members of the SA, and they assure him that the SS will carry out the murders, Heydrich had drawn up lists of all of the powerful SA men to be killed along with Rohm.

Heydrich has his men uncover false "evidence" that SA leader Ernst Rohm was plotting to overthrow Hitler.

Rohm is shot without trial along with all of the important members of the SA in this bloodbath, which the Nazis coined the Night of the Long Knives.

Plays a leading part in eliminating many leaders of the SA who are a threat to Hitler

Confronts Rohm & has him & other SA leaders arrested

Gives the codeword, "Kolibri" & triggers off a massacre in Berlin. Assassinations against the SA & ideas of Ernst Roehm who wants a Socialist revolution

Assassinations against the SA & ideas of Ernst Roehm who wants a Socialist revolution

Has a list of those who are executed. Goering & Himmler organize the arrest of the SA in Berlin

NSDAP Reichstag deputy, shot in bed with his chauffeur & Lustknabe at Bad Wiesee

Hearing of the attempted "Putsch" turns himself in to Gestapo headquarters, executed

The "Hero of Annaberg", shot by SS firing squad in Stadelheim Prison

Goering & Himmler organize the arrest of the SA in Berlin

Shot in his estate by SS troopers on order of his rival Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski

Journalist & Speech writer for von Papen, shot in the Lichterfelde Barracks

Head of Preusischen Ministerie Polizei, Center Party, Catholic Action, shot

A group of Nazis attempt to kill Papen but he persuades them not to

Executed by one of Goerings death squads in Berlin

Executed by a group of Nazis

Executed by a group of Nazis

Warns the League that collective security has failed.

The 2nd & 4th Red Armies join forces with the 4th Red Army

Germany captures the Channel Islands

Rommel reaches El Alamein, the Axis army's most advanced position in Egypt.

Faces the threat of an Axis advance toward Alexandria as Rommel reaches El Alamein.

Crosses the Donetz toward the oil centres of the Caucus

Appointed Colonel

Appointed Colonel

Leads the merged Workers Party of Korea.

Authorized after MacArthur reports on the hopelessness of the South Korean situation

Agrees to MacArthurs request & orders US forces into Korea

Makes a radio broadcast offering to send representitives to discuss a cease-fire

Austria begins its first steps as a neutral country

Austria begins its first steps as a neutral country

The Central Committee adopts a resolution condemning the cult of personality and its consequences.

The Central Comm passes a resolution "overcoming the Cult of the Individual"

30 June-11 July, Nixon pays a good will trip to Asia

Serves as prime minister as the Congo becomes independent from Belgium on 30 June 1960.

Delivers a forceful independence speech condemning colonial humiliation and asserting Congolese dignity.

Secures approval of a National Charter defining Arab socialist policy.

Mobutu renames Leopoldville as Kinshasa during a wider programme of Africanisation.

On Route 13 linking Vietnam to the Kampuchean border US forces are brutally assaulted

Is abducted when his aircraft is diverted to Algeria, where he remains detained until his death.

Tshombes plane is hijacked over the Mediterranean & flown to Algeria

The Beatles release the album "Sargeant Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band"

The Beatles release the album "Sargeant Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band"

Co-sponsors Senate action to restrict funds for US ground troops in Cambodia

Co-sponsors Senate action to restrict funds for US ground troops in Cambodia

A circular is issued to local Government urging the sale of council houses

The Supreme Court ordered publication of the Times to resume freely (New York Times Co. v. United States). Although the Times did not reveal Ellsberg as their source, he went into hiding for 13 days afterwards, suspecting that the evidence would point to him as the source of the theft

The Supreme Court ordered publication of the Times to resume freely (New York Times Co. v. United States)

The Supreme Court rejects the administration's effort to prevent continued newspaper publication of the Pentagon Papers in New York Times Co. v. United States.

Joins the Supreme Court decision allowing publication of the Pentagon Papers

Says LEAs may use the 1944 education act to retain grammar schools

The New York Times & Washington Post can resume publication of the Pentagon Papers

The pound falls 27.6 percent against a basket of currencies. A "no panic" speech indicates complacency

Friday's Angels enters the Official Singles Chart during the later phase of the original Generation X lineup.

Elections for the tenth Knesset are held despite last minute polls suggesting a victory for Shimon Peres' Alignment

Menachem Begin's Likud wins by just one seat, voter turnout is 77.8%

Elections for the tenth Knesset are held in Israel, despite last minute polls suggesting a victory for Shimon Peres Alignment, Menachem Begins Likud win by just one seat, voter turnout is 77.8%

FitzGerald takes office leading a coalition between Fine Gael and Labour.

Reports to the European Parliament on Stuttgart and stresses implementation of stronger European political cooperation.

Succeeds Trudeau as Liberal prime minister.

Trudeau resigns after 16 yrs in office

The government signs the Mizoram Peace Accord, helping end a long-running insurgency in the northeast.

Saves two penalties as Argentina eliminate Yugoslavia in the World Cup quarter-final shootout.

Wins a second consecutive youth world championship for Portugal.

Converts the decisive penalty as Portugal defeat Brazil.

Helps Portugal defeat Brazil in the Under-20 World Cup final.

Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, heads minority Government

Portrays Jim Lovell in the Apollo 13 film.

Releases Apollo 13, dramatizing the 1970 mission emergency.

Hong Kong is returned to China

Finishes a rehearsed free-kick move to equalise for Argentina against England before half-time.

Scores an early penalty as Argentina draw 2-2 with England before winning the shootout.

Saves David Batty's penalty to complete Argentina's shootout victory over England.

A second 1999 Callisto flyby further lowers Galileo's closest approach to Jupiter in preparation for Io observations.

Bennett leads the WMAP mission launched to measure the early universe from microwave background patterns

Becomes the first goalkeeper to win the World Cup Golden Ball.

Provides attacking width throughout the undefeated championship campaign.

Combines effectively with Ronaldo and Ronaldinho throughout the tournament.

Scores five goals during Brazil's victorious World Cup campaign.

Finishes the World Cup as leading scorer with eight goals.

Becomes the first player appearing in three consecutive World Cup finals.

Captains Brazil to victory over Germany in the final.

Scores both goals as Brazil defeat Germany in the final.

Helps Brazil defeat Germany in the World Cup final.

An inclusive government begins with Kabila and four vice-presidents representing former rivals.

Guides the Netherlands to the European Championship semi-final against Portugal.

Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain becomes Prime Minister during a short transition.

Legal custody of Saddam Hussein passes to the Iraqi interim Government but physical custody remains in American military hands

Heads Argentina into the lead against Germany in the World Cup quarter-final.

Welcomes a judgment allowing Lisbon ratification once German legislation strengthens parliamentary participation in European affairs.

Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki names June 30 "National Sovereignty Day" and declares a public holiday. In compliance with the status of forces agreement between the US and Iraq, US troops complete their withdrawal from Iraqi cities, including Baghdad, and transfer the responsibility of securing the cities to Iraqi troops

In compliance with the status of forces agreement between the US and Iraq, US troops complete their withdrawal from Iraqi cities, including Baghdad, and transfer the responsibility of securing the cities to Iraqi troops

In compliance with the status of forces agreement between the US and Iraq, US troops complete their withdrawal from Iraqi cities, including Baghdad, and transfer the responsibility of securing the cities to Iraqi troops

Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki names June 30 "National Sovereignty Day" and declares a public holiday

In compliance with the status of forces agreement between the US and Iraq, US troops complete their withdrawal from Iraqi cities, including Baghdad, and transfer the responsibility of securing the cities to Iraqi troops

The government completes major transfers of federal functions to the provinces.

Takes office after winning the first competitive presidential election following the 2011 uprising.

Enters the Conservative leadership contest after the referendum.

Declines to stand for Conservative leader after Michael Gove enters the contest.

Secures a place in the European Championship semi-finals.

Converts Portugal's decisive penalty in the shootout against Poland.

Participates in diplomacy around the Trump and Kim meeting at the DMZ.

Meets Kim Jong Un at the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

Steps into North Korea during meeting with Kim Jong Un.

China imposes the national security law on Hong Kong.

The national security law takes effect in Hong Kong.

Born in Leipzig, the son of a tailor

Death of Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, who leaves all lands to the crown

Death of Thomas Townshend

Death of John William Strutt

Death of Edgar Jung, executed by the Nazis

Death of Fritz Beck, executed by the Nazis

Death of Fritz Gerlich, executed by the Nazis

Assassinated during the Night of the Long Knives

Dies with the Soyuz 11 crew during re-entry after cabin depressurisation.

Dies with the Soyuz 11 crew during re-entry after cabin depressurisation.

Dies with the Soyuz 11 crew during re-entry after cabin depressurisation.

Death of Lillian Hellman

The Muslims are defeated by Alexius Comnenus. The Crusaders and Byzantine Greeks capture the Seljuk Turk's capital

The Muslims are defeated by Alexius Comnenus. The Crusaders and Byzantine Greeks capture the Seljuk Turk's capital

The French knight Walter the Penniless (Gautier sans avoir) is killed after having led hordes through Europe and Asia in what will be called the Peasants Crusade

Henry VIII commands an Army in France & appoints Surrey to watch the English border

The Parliamentary forces are driven back to Hull. Defeats a Parliamentary force under Lord Fairfax. After the Battle of Adwalton Moor the royalists occupy the West Riding of Yorkshire

Fairfax fights in the Parliamentarian defeat at Adwalton Moor and withdraws as Royalist power expands across Yorkshire.

The Parliamentary forces are driven back to Hull. Defeated by the Royalists near Bradford. After the Battle of Adwalton Moor the royalists occupy the West Riding of Yorkshire

The French are left in control of the Channel. Ordered by Queen Mary to attack the French Fleet but rereats to the Thames

The English are defeated by a French force sailing to London to support the Jacobites

While William III of Orange campaigns in Ireland, the allied fleet suffers a major defeat by France at the Battle of Beachy Head.

William III is fighting James II, Louis XIV wants a Jacobite rebellion and invades

William III of Orange is wounded in the shoulder by Jacobite artillery while examining the Boyne crossings on the eve of battle.

Boufflers participates in the French attack at Ekeren.

Villeroy helps encircle the Dutch force near Ekeren.

Escapes south with Mazepa instead of surrendering at Perevolochna.

Surrenders the Swedish army after Charles XII escapes.

Escapes with Charles XII toward Ottoman territory after Poltava.

Forces the surrender of the remaining Swedish army at Perevolochna.

Orders pursuit of the defeated Swedish army after Poltava.

Defeats Bulgarian forces in Macedonia.

Suffers defeat against Serbian forces.

Coordinates the Serbian response to the Bulgarian attack.

Directs Bulgarian armies attacking Serbian positions.