December 10 in History

Publicly burns the Papal Bull at Wittenberg

Publicly burns the Papal Bull at Wittenberg during the Reformation

Executed after Catherine Howard confesses unchastity with Dereham & Culpepper

Executed after Catherine Howard admits prenuptial unchastity with Dereham & Culpepper

Thomas Culpeper is executed for treason, an alleged lover of Catherine Howard. Francis Dereham is executed for treason, an alleged lover of Catherine Howard

Death of Thomas Culpeper, executed for treason

Death of Francis Dereham, executed for treason

Thomas Culpeper is executed for treason, an alleged lover of Catherine Howard. Francis Dereham is executed for treason, an alleged lover of Catherine Howard

Appointed President of the Continental Congress

Appointed President of the Continental Congress

The Convention received a report setting out accusations against Louis XVI before his formal interrogation.

Moves his base to Corunna in preparation for invasion by Napoleon

Turkish suzerainty over Samos Begins & lasts 80 yrs. The Sultan recognizes Samos as a principality with its own Parliament

Turkish suzerainty over Samos Begins & lasts 80 yrs

The Conservatives win 273 seats, the Whigs & others 380 seats

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain

Patents the pneumatic tyre

Appointed President of France, appealing to the nostalgia of the "Napoleonic legend"

Makes rural elections as democratic as urban ones

Recognizes individual voting rights regardless of property qualifications. Makes rural elections as democratic as urban ones. Extends the male electorate from 3 to 5 million

Germany agrees to support Britains claims in Nigeria, against the French

Trikoupis acknowledges that the government cannot meet its debt obligations.

Receives the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for idealistic and artistically accomplished poetry.

Receives the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for serum therapy against diphtheria.

Receives the first Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the radiation later called X-rays.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on sugar and purine synthesis.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his historical writing, especially A History of Rome.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for research explaining malaria transmission.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for research on the influence of magnetism on radiation.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the effect of magnetism on light spectra.

Gains international recognition for explaining ions in chemical solutions.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the theory of electrolytic dissociation.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering spontaneous radioactivity.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics and becomes the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for research on radiation phenomena discovered by Henri Becquerel.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for noble, versatile, and inspired poetry.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for radiation research.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for radiation research.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering the inert gaseous elements and defining their place in the periodic system.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Literature for dramatic works that renewed Spanish theatrical traditions.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Literature for poetry reflecting Provence and for his work as a Provençal philologist.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for research on digestive physiology.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for gas-density research and the discovery of argon.

Orders repression as armed revolt spreads in Moscow.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for outstanding achievement as an epic novelist.

Speaks against the persecution of Jews in Russia at the Palace Theatre Manchester

Appointed Spokesman for the Colonial Office because Lord Elgin is a peer

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for learning, creative energy, style, and lyrical power.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for observation, imagination, ideas, and narrative talent.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for philosophical works advancing an idealistic view of life.

Becomes the first woman awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, recognised for imagination and spiritual perception.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for an idealistic and accomplished literary career.

Begins the ascent from the Barrier toward the polar plateau.

Advances understanding of image formation through the human lens.

Is honored for foundational discoveries concerning black-body heat radiation.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on radium and polonium, including the isolation and study of radium.

Wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for radium and polonium.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for imaginative dramatic and literary works.

Receives the medicine prize for research on optical refraction in the eye.

Receives the Nobel Prize for laws governing thermal radiation.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for varied and outstanding dramatic writing.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for sensitive and beautiful verse expressed through his own English translations.

White's plan removes sick men, surplus troops and stores while the front continues to appear fully occupied.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for idealism, sympathy, and commitment to truth in his writing.

The evacuation programme removes sick and wounded men, surplus troops and valuable stores before the final nights of withdrawal.

When Asquith resigned, he returns to office as First Lord of the Admiralty

Creates a small War Cabinet intended to accelerate strategic and administrative decisions.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature as a leading representative of a new era in Swedish literature.

Drafts the peace proposals for the Brest Litovsk negotiations

Shares the Nobel Prize in Literature for varied and idealistic poetry.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Literature for authentic descriptions of contemporary Danish life.

The Red Army occupies Minsk

A Labour Code providing for males & females between 16 & 50 to render "labor service"

The AEF occupy the west bank of the Rhine

The Red Army occupies Minsk

The Soviet government adopts a labour code regulating compulsory labour obligations and employment under the new state system.

12 November-10 December, 1st completion of a flight from England to Australia

Is recognized for foundational studies of bacteriolysis and complement.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his epic poem Olympian Spring.

Receives the medicine prize for discoveries concerning immunity.

Is recognized for explaining blood-flow control in skeletal muscle capillaries.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for the novel Growth of the Soil.

Receives the medicine prize for discovering capillary motor regulation.

Appointed Commissar for Foreign Affairs

Dismisses leading Russian diplomats including ambassadors in London, Washington & Rome

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for elegant style, human sympathy, and distinguished literary achievement.

Gains recognition for applying quantum ideas to the structure of atoms.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for continuing the traditions of Spanish drama.

Receives the physics prize for research on atomic structure and radiation.

Introduces the proposed Equal Rights Amendment in Congress.

Receives the chemistry prize for developing organic microanalysis.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for inspired poetry expressing the spirit of Ireland.

Gains international recognition for precise analysis of minute chemical samples.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his national epic The Peasants.

Receives the physics prize for discoveries in X-ray spectroscopy.

Is recognized for highly accurate methods mapping characteristic X-ray spectra.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for humane, idealistic, and sharply satirical writing.

Chamberlain receives the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to European reconciliation and the Locarno settlement.

Briand's award recognizes his advocacy of Franco-German rapprochement, including his role in negotiating the 1925 Locarno settlement.

Wins the Nobel Peace Prize jointly with Aristide Briand.

Stresemann shares the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize with Briand for Franco-German reconciliation associated with Locarno.

Chamberlain receives the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize, with his Locarno diplomacy central to the award.

Shares the Nobel Peace Prize with French statesman Aristide Briand.

The Nobel Peace Prize is shared by Gustav Stresemann of Germany and Aristide Briand of France

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for vivid writing about Sardinian life and universal human problems.

Bergson receives the Nobel Prize in Literature for his rich and vitalising ideas.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for powerful descriptions of medieval Northern life.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, principally for the novel Buddenbrooks.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for vivid description, wit, and original characters.

Leads the League commission investigating Manchuria.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature posthumously for his poetry.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for distinguished narration, especially The Forsyte Saga.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for classical artistry in Russian prose.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for renewing dramatic and theatrical art.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for artificial radioactivity.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Frederic Joliot-Curie.

Chooses to abdicate rather than give up, "The woman I love"

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for powerful and emotionally honest tragic drama.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for truthful depictions of human conflict in Les Thibault.

10th to 12th Dec, proclaimed King by the Dominions

Is recognized for explaining carotid sinus control of breathing.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for epic portrayals of Chinese rural life and biography.

Receives the medicine prize for discoveries in respiratory regulation.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for portraying Finnish peasant life and its relationship with nature.

Receives news of early British success against Italian forces.

German troops occupy Rome

German troops occupy Rome

Shares the medicine prize for discovering vitamin K.

Receives recognition for research connecting nutrition with blood coagulation.

Declares emergency martial-law measures as Communist military victories intensify the Nationalist government’s crisis.

Ex-President, Guardia, invades Costa Rica from Nicaragua with an army of 1,000

Ex-President, Guardia, invades Costa Rica from Nicaragua with an army of 1,000

Leaves Chengdu for Taipei as the Nationalist government completes its relocation to Taiwan.

Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 1st term

Receives the medicine prize for discoveries concerning oxidation enzymes.

Explains structures and actions of enzymes involved in cellular oxidation.

Receives the Nobel Peace Prize for Suez peacekeeping diplomacy.

Camus receives the Nobel Prize in Literature for illuminating problems of the human conscience.

The achievement marks cherenkov theory recognition as an important Russian scientific milestone.

Shares the Nobel Prize for discovering and interpreting Cherenkov radiation.

Shares the Nobel Prize for the theoretical interpretation of Cherenkov radiation.

The achievement marks recognition of cherenkov radiation as an important Russian scientific milestone.

The achievement marks condensed matter theory as an important Russian scientific milestone.

Receives the Nobel Prize for pioneering theories of condensed matter.

The achievement marks maser and laser research as an important Russian scientific milestone.

Shares the Nobel Prize for fundamental work in quantum electronics.

Shares the Nobel Prize for research leading to masers and lasers.

The achievement marks quantum electronics as an important Russian scientific milestone.

doctors realized he had cancer in his liver, lungs, and brain

Shares the medicine prize for research on visual processes.

Is recognized for explaining retinal responses to light and color.

Is recognized for discoveries concerning plasma and magnetic-field interactions.

Receives recognition for work on noradrenaline storage and release.

Receives the Nobel Peace Prize for work associated with the Green Revolution

Shares the medicine prize for discoveries concerning nerve transmitters.

Shares the physics prize for foundational work in magnetohydrodynamics.

Suffers severe injuries after an audience member pushes him from the stage into the orchestra pit at the Rainbow Theatre.

Commands Apollo 17 as the spacecraft enters lunar orbit before the final Apollo landing.

Supports the Paris decision creating the European Council and advancing direct European Parliament elections.

Supports the agreement creating the European Council and advancing direct European Parliament elections.

Giscard supported the decision to move toward direct elections to the European Parliament.

Supports the Paris summit decision to advance direct elections to the European Parliament.

At the Paris summit, Giscard supported creation of a Community fund to reduce regional economic disparities.

Receives recognition for connecting nuclear structure with collective behavior.

Shares the physics prize for describing collective motion in atomic nuclei.

The achievement marks low-temperature physics as an important Russian scientific milestone.

Penzias receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for the microwave background discovery

Shares the Nobel Peace Prize with Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin.

Wilson receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for the microwave background discovery

Receives the Nobel Prize for discoveries in low-temperature physics.

Receives recognition for methods revealing atomic and molecular energy levels.

Shares the medicine prize for discoveries about visual information processing.

Shares the physics prize for high-resolution electron spectroscopy.

Reveals how cortical cells organize and respond to visual stimuli.

Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature

Appointed President of Argentina after the restoration of democracy

Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for decisive contributions enabling discovery of the W and Z particles.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing solid-phase methods for chemical synthesis, especially peptide synthesis.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Physics for discoveries leading to the W and Z particles, carriers of the weak interaction.

Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, for work against apartheid

Makes a conference speech supporting reform & introducing "perestroika" & "glasnost"

Announces a ceas-fire with the National Democratic Front

Husak nominates a federal cabinet, headed by Calfa. Forms the first non-communist Government in Czech since 1948

The Adamec Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Begins the First Calfa Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Tenzin Gyatso receives the Nobel Peace Prize for advocating nonviolent solutions.

Husak resigns

Resigns after appointing a largely non-communist government.

The Communist President Gust v Hus k appoints the first largely non-communist Government in Czechoslovakia since 1948, and resigns

The Communist President Gust v Hus k appoints the first largely non-communist Government in Czechoslovakia since 1948, and resigns

Participates as the European Council reaches political agreement on the treaty package that will become the Maastricht Treaty.

Supports the final Maastricht settlement establishing the route toward economic and monetary union.

Supports the final Maastricht settlement establishing European Union and the framework for economic and monetary union.

Accepts the final Maastricht settlement expanding European cooperation, citizenship rights and economic and monetary union.

Accepts the final political settlement establishing European Union and the framework for economic and monetary union.

Supports the final economic and monetary provisions agreed by the European Council at Maastricht.

Helps negotiate convergence requirements and institutional arrangements for the planned economic and monetary union.

Supports the final economic and monetary provisions agreed at Maastricht.

Supports the final economic and monetary provisions agreed at Maastricht.

Helps negotiate the monetary-union provisions and convergence framework agreed at Maastricht.

Delors supported agreement on treaty provisions establishing the route toward a single European currency.

Negotiates opt outs from the single currency and Social Chapter.

Participates as the Twelve complete political agreement on the Treaty on European Union at Maastricht.

Helps conclude the political and foreign-policy provisions of the Maastricht settlement.

Helps conclude the political and foreign-policy provisions of the Maastricht settlement.

Helps conclude the foreign-policy and political provisions of the Maastricht settlement.

Mitterrand helped secure agreement on a treaty combining political union with economic and monetary integration.

Advances France's economic position as the Maastricht monetary settlement is finalised.

Supports the convergence framework accepted by Italy at the end of the Maastricht negotiations.

Supports Greece's approach to convergence criteria and the timetable for monetary union.

Works through the remaining diplomatic issues before Ireland accepts the Maastricht settlement.

Helps finalise the political provisions that Italy accepts in the new Treaty on European Union.

Contributes to the political-union compromise accepted by France on the summit's final day.

Works on the political-union provisions accepted by Denmark in the final Maastricht compromise.

Helps conclude Belgium's political and foreign-policy settlement as the Maastricht negotiations reach agreement.

Secures Germany's diplomatic interests in the final agreement on political cooperation.

Hurd helps finalise Britain's intergovernmental safeguards in foreign and security policy.

Helps complete Luxembourg's economic negotiating position in the final Union treaty.

Backs the monetary-union provisions included in Netherlands's Maastricht settlement.

Secures British opt-outs from the third stage of monetary union and the Agreement on Social Policy.

Supports the monetary-union framework accepted by Belgium when the Maastricht settlement is concluded.

Supports Luxembourg's final agreement on the treaty's foreign-policy and institutional provisions.

Supports the foreign-policy framework accepted by Greece when the Maastricht settlement is completed.

Helps conclude the financial provisions governing Spain's participation in economic and monetary union.

Concludes Netherlands's diplomatic work on the political pillar of the Maastricht settlement.

Works on the economic provisions that Germany accepts in the final Maastricht agreement.

Accuses the Congress of People's Deputies of obstructing reform as the struggle between president and parliament deepens.

Leads Belgium when it notifies the Italian depositary that its Maastricht ratification process is complete.

Nicollier uses Endeavour's robotic arm to release the repaired Hubble back into orbit after Servicing Mission 1.

Is honoured for advancing a peaceful democratic transition.

Receives the Nobel Peace Prize with F W de Klerk.

Supports the Essen strategy designed to prepare associated Central and Eastern European countries for eventual membership.

Supports the strategy designed to prepare associated countries for eventual membership.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Literature for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth.

Nazarbayev transfers the capital from Almaty to Akmola

Is honored for identifying the first enzyme that actively transports ions.

Receives half the chemistry prize for discovering sodium-potassium ATPase.

47 Labour MPs vote against the cut in lone-parent benefits

Marks the fiftieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Meets Jiang Zemin for talks on bilateral relations, Chechnya and Taiwan.

Represents Greece as leaders take major enlargement decisions and recognise Turkey as a candidate country.

Fernando de la Rua is sworn into office

Appointed President of Argentina

Shares the Nobel Prize for developing semiconductor heterostructures.

Returns to the presidency after election victory.

The achievement marks semiconductor heterostructures as an important Russian scientific milestone.

Germany will commit 1,000 soldiers to United Nations peacekeeping

NASA releases a highly sensitive ultraviolet mosaic of M31 from GALEX, tracing young hot stars and recent star formation across its disk.

Shares the Nobel Prize for theories explaining superconductors and superfluids.

Shares the Nobel Prize for pioneering contributions to superconductivity theory.

The achievement marks superconductivity theory as an important Russian scientific milestone.

The achievement marks type-ii superconductivity as an important Russian scientific milestone.

Mather receives the Nobel Prize for COBE measurements of the microwave background spectrum

Smoot receives the Nobel Prize for COBE discovery of microwave background anisotropies

Performs with Page, Plant and Jason Bonham at the O2 reunion concert.

Reunites Led Zeppelin for the Ahmet Ertegun tribute concert at the O2 Arena.

Sings with the reunited Led Zeppelin at the O2 Arena.

Appointed President of Argentina, 1st term

Reaffirms the coalition government's commitment to family policy in a speech hosted by Relate.

Appointed President of Argentina, 2nd term

Diarra resigns after soldiers arrest him and interfere with the transitional authorities.

Receives recognition for the mechanism developed with Robert Brout.

Shares the physics prize for the theory of particle mass generation.

Mnangagwa becomes Vice-President after Joice Mujuru's removal.

Close-up imagery reveals aligned pits in Pluto's nitrogen-rich ice, probably formed through fracturing and volatile-ice loss.

Appointed President of Argentina

Postpones the first meaningful vote on the Withdrawal Agreement.

Wins ruling that Article 50 can be revoked unilaterally.

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

Receives the Nobel Peace Prize for efforts to resolve conflict with Eritrea.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries on cellular oxygen sensing.

Receives the Nobel Prize for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries on cellular oxygen sensing.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries on cellular oxygen sensing.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on lithium-ion batteries.

Receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on lithium-ion batteries.

Inaugurated as President of Argentina.

Becomes Prime Minister of Finland.

Supports the revised North American trade agreement with the United States and Canada.

Agrees to normalise relations with Israel as part of a United States brokered arrangement.

Releases Barn with Crazy Horse, recorded in a restored nineteenth-century barn.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing asymmetric organocatalysis.

Shares the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing asymmetric organocatalysis.

Is honoured for writing about colonialism and the refugee experience between cultures and continents.

Shares the medicine prize for discoveries of receptors involved in temperature and touch.

Shares the medicine prize for discoveries of receptors involved in temperature and touch.

Is honoured for climate modelling that connected weather variability with long-term climate change.

Is honoured for climate modelling that quantified variability and helped predict global warming.

Is honoured for discovering how disorder and fluctuations interact in complex physical systems.

Shares the chemistry prize for click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.

Shares the chemistry prize for click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.

Shares the chemistry prize for click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.

Is honoured for examining memory, estrangement, and collective restraints with courage and precision.

Receives the medicine prize for discoveries concerning extinct hominin genomes and human evolution.

Shares the physics prize for experiments with entangled photons and advances in quantum information science.

Shares the physics prize for experiments with entangled photons and tests of Bell inequalities.

Shares the physics prize for experiments with entangled photons and advances in quantum information science.

Shares the chemistry prize for discovering and synthesising quantum dots.

Shares the chemistry prize for discovering and synthesising quantum dots.

Shares the chemistry prize for discovering and synthesising quantum dots.

Is honoured for innovative plays and prose that give voice to the unsayable.

Shares the medicine prize for mRNA modifications enabling effective COVID-19 vaccines.

Shares the medicine prize for mRNA modifications enabling effective COVID-19 vaccines.

Shares the physics prize for methods producing attosecond light pulses to study electron dynamics.

Shares the physics prize for methods producing attosecond light pulses to study electron dynamics.

Shares the physics prize for methods producing attosecond light pulses to study electron dynamics.

Appointed President of Argentina

Receives part of the chemistry prize for computational protein design.

Shares the chemistry prize for predicting protein structures.

Shares the chemistry prize for predicting protein structures.

Is honoured for poetic prose confronting historical trauma and the fragility of human life.

Shares the medicine prize for discovering microRNA and its role in gene regulation.

Shares the medicine prize for discovering microRNA and its role in gene regulation.

Shares the physics prize for foundational work enabling machine learning with artificial neural networks.

Shares the physics prize for foundational work enabling machine learning with artificial neural networks.

Emily Dickinson is born in Amherst, Massachusetts.

Otto Neurath is born in Vienna.

The future Vienna Circle philosopher is born in Austria.

Enrique Hertzog Garaiz is born in La Paz.

Death of Francis Dereham, executed for treason

Death of Thomas Culpeper, executed for treason

Death of Otis Reading

Death of Franjo Tudjman

Death of Augusto Jose Ramon Pinochet

Death of Augusto Pinochet

Fights with distinction under Martin van Tromp

Villarroel distinguishes himself at Villaviciosa while serving the Habsburg claimant after changing sides.

The British are defeated by the Boers

Gatacres forces are weakened after a Boer ambush

Suffers severe losses against the Boers in an ambush 70 miles from Queenstown

Suffers defeat during Black Week.

Helps defeat Gatacre's column.

The first day of troop withdrawal from Gallipolli