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On this date in world history

March 1 in History

This permanent archive page contains 323 World History Database records for March 1, spanning 317 to 2025. Recorded topics include Caesar Proclamation at Serdica; Sons Made Caesars; Peace.

Total: 323Events: 308Births: 8Deaths: 1Battles: 6Countries: 36

Events on March 1

Caesar Proclamation at Serdica

317 · Constantine II · Roman Empire · Serdica · House · House of Constantine

Constantine II is formally proclaimed Caesar at Serdica alongside Crispus and Licinius Junior.

Sons Made Caesars

317 · Constantine I the Great · Roman Empire · Serdica · House · House of Constantine

Constantine II and Crispus are proclaimed Caesars alongside Licinius Junior under the peace settlement between Constantine and Licinius.

Peace

991 · Ethelred II the Unready · England · House · House of Wessex

Signs a peace Treaty with Duke Richard I of Normandy. England & Normandy agree not to assist the others enemies. Ends hostilities caused by Normandys protection of Viking raiders

Invasion of Normandy

1057 · Henry I · France · Angers · Warfare · France-Normandy War

Henry I & Geoffrey Martel meet to plan an invasion of Normandy

Canonization

1172 · Alexander III · Italy · Vatican · Religion · Roman Catholic Church

Canonizes Thomas Becket

Canonization

1172 · Thomas a Becket · England · Canterbury · Religion · Roman Catholic Church

Canonized by Pope Alexander III

Invasion of Scotland

1296 · Edward I · England · Berwick · Warfare · England War

John Balliol fails to appear at Berwick for his trial, Edward then invades Scotland

Trial

1296 · John Balliol · Scotland · Berwick · Warfare · England War

Fails to appear at Berwick to stand trial, Edward I uses this to invade Scotland

Trial

1296 · Edward I · England · Berwick · Warfare · England War

John Balliol fails to appear at Berwick for his trial, Edward then invades Scotland

Sanctuary

1484 · Elizabeth Woodville · England · Westminster · House · House of York

Elizabeth and her daughters came out of sanctuary and return to court

Sanctuary

1484 · Elizabeth Woodville · England · House · House of York

Elizabeth Woodville and her daughters came out of sanctuary after Richard III publicly swore an oath that her daughters would not be harmed or molested and that they would not be imprisoned in the Tower of London or in any other prison. He also promised

Sanctuary

1484 · Elizabeth Woodville · England · Westminster · House · House of York

Elizabeth Woodville leaves sanctuary after Richard III promises protection and marriage portions for her daughters.

Sanctuary

1484 · Elizabeth Woodville · England · House · House of York

to provide them with marriage portions and to marry them to "gentlemen born". The family returned to Court, outwardly reconciled to Richard III

Maid of Honor

1522 · Anne Boleyn · England · London · House · House of Tudor

Appointed Maid of Honor to Catherine of Aragon

Execution

1546 · George Wishart · England · London · Religion · Protestant Church

The Scottish Lutheran is burnt at the stake on the orders of Cardinal Beaton

Parliament

1553 · Edward VI · England · London · Government · Government of England

Edward VI's second Parliament opens in London.

Edict of Saint-Germain

1562 · Catherine de Medici · France · Wassy-sur-Blaise · Warfare · Wars of Religion, 1st

Guise family retainers attack a Calvinist service in Wassy-sur-Blaise in Champagne and massacre worshippers

Edict of Saint-Germain

1562 · Catherine de Medici · France · Wassy-sur-Blaise · Religion · Roman Catholic Church

Guise family retainers attack a Calvinist service in Wassy-sur-Blaise in Champagne and massacre worshippers, as hostilities break out, the Edict is revoked, under pressure from the Guise faction

Edict of Saint-Germain

1562 · Catherine de Medici · France · Wassy-sur-Blaise · Warfare · Wars of Religion, 1st

The Edict of Saint-Germain is revoked by the Guise familly

Edict of Saint-Germain

1562 · Catherine de Medici · France · Vassy · Religion · Roman Catholic Church

Within a matter of weeks ofter the edict of Saint-Germain, the Vassy massacre opens the first religious war, which in fact was a victory for the more intolerant Guise policy and a defeat for the conciliations of Catherine

Massacre

1562 · Catherine de Medici · France · Vassy · Religion · Roman Catholic Church

Within a matter of weeks ofter the edict of Saint-Germain, the Vassy massacre opens the first religious war, which in fact was a victory for the more intolerant Guise policy and a defeat for the conciliations of Catherine

Massacre of Wassy

1562 · Francis Guise · France · Wassy · Religion · French Wars of Religion

Guise's followers attack a Protestant congregation and ignite the first war of religion

Massacre of Wassy

1562 · Francis Guise · France · Wassy · Warfare · French Wars of Religion

Guise's retainers attack a Huguenot congregation and trigger open war

Massacre of Wassy

1562 · Catherine de Medici · France · Wassy · Warfare · French Wars of Religion

The massacre undermines Catherine's policy of religious compromise

Arrest of Peter Wentworth

1587 · Peter Wentworth · England · London · Government · Government of England

Imprisoned for advocating the right of Parliament to discuss matters of State

Commitment to Tower

1641 · William Laud · England · Tower of London · Religion · Church of England

Laud is committed to the Tower while Parliament prepares its case against him.

Acclamation as King

1660 · Charles XI · Sweden · Gothenburg · House · House of Palatinate

The assembled Estates acclaim the young Charles as King of Sweden.

Acclamation as King

1660 · Charles XI · Sweden · Gothenburg · House · House of Palatinate

The assembled Estates acclaim the young Charles as King of Sweden.

Code Noir

1685 · Louis XIV · France · Versailles · Government · Government of France

Issues the Code Noir for French colonies.

Danish Calendar Reform

1700 · Ole Christensen Romer · Denmark · Copenhagen · Science · Astronomy

Aligns Danish civil dating more closely with most of western Europe.

Gregorian Calendar Introduced

1700 · Ole Christensen Romer · Denmark · Copenhagen · Science · Astronomy

Helps introduce the Gregorian calendar in Denmark-Norway.

Unification

1803 · Thomas Jefferson · United States of America · Ohio · Government · Republican Party Government

Ohio becomes the 17th State of the Union

Citadel Massacre

1811 · Muhammad Ali Pasha · Egypt · Cairo · Government · Government of Egypt

Eliminates leading Mamluk rivals during a ceremony at the Cairo Citadel.

Massacre

1811 · Mahmud II · Turkey · Cairo · Warfare · Turkey War

Massacres the Mamelukes at Cairo

Siege of Cairo

1811 · Mahmud II · Turkey · Cairo · Warfare · Turkey War

Massacres the Mamelukes at Cairo

Exile of Napoleon I

1815 · Napoleon I · France · Warfare · Napoleonic Wars

Lands in Cannes from Elba with 1,500 men & begins a march on Paris

Reform of Electoral System

1831 · Charles Grey · Great Britain · Government · Whig Party Government

Introduces the Reform Bill, it passes its 2nd reading by 1 vote but is then defeated

President of Uruguay

1835 · Manuel Ceferino Oribe · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Appointed President of Uruguay

President of Uruguay

1852 · Juan Francisco Giro · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Appointed President of Uruguay after the end of the Guerra Grande

The Italian Insurrection and British Politics

1853 · Karl Heinrich Marx · Germany · London · Humanities · Philosophy

Publishes an article connecting an Italian insurrection with developments in British politics.

Reform of Government

1869 · William Ewart Gladstone · Great Britain · London · Government · Liberal Party Government

Introduces the Irish Church Bill to end the Union of the English & Irish Churches. Introduces the Irish Church Bill to end the establishment of the Irish Church

Abdication

1871 · Napoleon III · France · Chiselhurst · House · House of Bonaparte

Deposed by the National Assembly & retires to Chiselhurst in Kent

Abdication

1871 · Napoleon III · France · Bordeaux · House · House of Bonaparte

Deposed by the National Assembly at Bordeaux

National Assembly

1871 · Napoleon III · France · Chiselhurst · House · House of Bonaparte

Deposed by the National Assembly & retires to Chiselhurst in Kent

National Assembly

1871 · Napoleon III · France · Bordeaux · House · House of Bonaparte

Deposed by the National Assembly at Bordeaux

Slavery

1880 · Rutherford Birchard Hayes · United States of America · Pennsylvania · Government · Republican Party Government

Pennsylvania becomes the 1st State to abolish slavery

Articles of Confederarion

1881 · Rutherford Birchard Hayes · United States of America · Government · Republican Party Government

All the US states ratify the Articles of Confederarion

Independence of Ethiopia

1896 · Menelik II · Ethiopia · Addis Ababa · Warfare · Italy War

Under the Treaty of Addis Ababa Italy recognizes Abyssinian independence and delineates borders with Italian-controlled Eritrea

Treaty of Addis Ababa

1896 · Menelik II · Ethiopia · Addis Ababa · Warfare · Italy War

The Treaty of Addis Ababa abrogates the Treaty of Wuchale and formally ends the First Italo-Abyssinian War on terms favorable to Ethiopia.

Treaty of Addis Ababa

1896 · Menelik II · Ethiopia · Addis Ababa · Warfare · Italy War

The Treaty of Addis Ababa is completed several months after the decisive Battle of Adowa in March of the same year, which was convincingly won by the Ethiopian forces commanded by Menelek II.

Treaty of Addis Ababa

1896 · Menelik II · Ethiopia · Addis Ababa · Warfare · Italy War

Under the Treaty of Addis Ababa Italy recognizes Abyssinian independence and delineates borders with Italian-controlled Eritrea.

Uranium Rays

1896 · Henri Becquerel · France · Paris · Science · Physics

Discovers penetrating radiation emitted by uranium salts.

Uranium Rays

1896 · Henri Becquerel · France · Paris · Science · Physics

Reports spontaneous radiation from uranium salts.

First Congress

1898 · Boris Eidelman · Russia · Minsk · Politics · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

Attends the Minsk congress that founds the party.

First Congress

1898 · Arkadi Kremer · Russia · Minsk · Politics · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

Represents Jewish socialist organisation at the founding congress.

First Congress

1898 · Stepan Ivanovich Radchenko · Russia · Minsk · Politics · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

Takes part in the First Congress founding the party.

First Congress

1898 · Pavel Tuchapsky · Russia · Minsk · Politics · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

Joins other delegates creating the party at Minsk.

President of Uruguay

1903 · Jose Batlle y Ordonez · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Begins his first presidency and launches the reformist programme later known as Batllismo

South Pole

1909 · Ernest Henry Shackleton · Great Britain · Cape Royds · Exploration · Exploration and Discovery

The Nimrod spots Shackleton from Cape Royds & pick him up

Devolution

1911 · Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill · Great Britain · Government · Liberal Party Government

Proposes Britain be divided into 10 with a local administration & elected assembly

President of Uruguay

1911 · Jose Batlle y Ordonez · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Begins his second presidency and intensifies social, labour and state-led reform

Militant Suffrage Protest

1912 · Emmeline Pankhurst · Great Britain · London · Politics · Womens Suffrage

Is arrested during renewed militant action for women's voting rights.

Window-Smashing Campaign

1912 · Emmeline Pankhurst · Great Britain · London · Politics · Womens Suffrage

Leads a coordinated window-smashing protest in central London.

Civilian Minesweeper Limitations Exposed

1915 · Sackville Hamilton Carden · Great Britain · Dardanelles · Warfare · World War, 1st

Carden's trawler minesweepers struggle against current, searchlights and mobile artillery while operated largely by civilian crews.

Intermediate Defences Bombarded

1915 · Sackville Hamilton Carden · Great Britain · Dardanelles · Warfare · World War, 1st

Battleships bombard intermediate positions while minesweepers begin the difficult effort to clear a passage toward the Narrows.

New Zealand Division Formed

1916 · Andrew Hamilton Russell · New Zealand · Egypt · Warfare · World War, 1st

Russell assumes command when the New Zealand Division is formally created in Egypt.

Chief of Staff

1917 · Franz Rohr von Denta · Austria · Vienna · Warfare · Military

Appointed Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff

Chief of Staff

1917 · Franz Rohr von Denta · Austria · Vienna · Warfare · World War, 1st

Appointed Chief of Staff

Demonstrations

1917 · Nikolai Iudovich Ivanov · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

General Ivanov is ordered to abort his mission to suppress rebellion in Petrograd

Demonstrations

1917 · Nicholas II · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

General Ivanov is ordered to abort his mission to suppress the rebellion in Petrograd

Duma

1917 · Nicholas II · Russia · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

Nicholas II orders General Alekseev to form a Duma ministry

Executive Committee

1917 · Irakli Tsereteli · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

Becomes influential in the Soviet moderate majority.

Exile of Nicholas II

1917 · Nicholas II · Russia · Pskov · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

The Imperial train is diverted to Pskov

February Revolution

1917 · Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

The first Joint Plenum of the Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies issues Soviet Order No. 1: all soldiers units will elect Soldiers Committee's & the decree stipulates that soldiers will now accept orders from the Soldiers Soviet

February Revolution

1917 · Nicholas II · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

The first Joint Plenum of the Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies issues Soviet Order No. 1: all soldiers units will elect Soldiers Committee's & the decree stipulates that soldiers will now accept orders from the Soldiers Soviet

Government

1917 · Nicholas II · Russia · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

Nicholas II orders General Alekseev to form a Duma ministry

Moscow Soviet

1917 · Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin · Russia · Moscow · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

Formation of the Moscow Soviet

Order Number One

1917 · Nikolai Chkheidze · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

The Soviet issues Order Number One increasing soldiers representation and influence.

Order Number One

1917 · Nikolai Chkheidze · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

The Soviet issues Order Number One to soldiers of the garrison.

Order Number One

1917 · Nikolai Sokolov · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

Helps draft Order Number One for the Petrograd Soviet.

Order Number One

1917 · Nikolai Sokolov · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

Sokolov helps prepare the order that defines early Soviet authority.

Reballion of to suppress the

1917 · Nicholas II · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

General Ivanov is ordered to abort his mission to suppress the rebellion in Petrograd

Soviet Majority

1917 · Viktor Mikhailovich Chernov · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

Socialist Revolutionaries gain influence inside the Soviet movement.

Soviet of Workers & Soldiers Deputies

1917 · Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Revolution of Russia

The first Joint Plenum of the Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies issues Soviet Order No. 1: all soldiers units will elect Soldiers Committee's & the decree stipulates that soldiers will now accept orders from the Soldiers Soviet

First Kuban Campaign

1918 · Lavr Georgiyevich Kornilov · Russia · Kuban · Warfare · Russian Civil War

Leads the difficult march into the Kuban region.

Treaty of Brest Litovsk

1918 · Leon Trotsky · Russia · Brest Litovsk · Warfare · World War, 1st

Returns from the peace negotiations at Brest

President of Uruguay

1919 · Baltasar Brum · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Becomes president under the new constitutional arrangement with a National Council of Administration

Kronstadt Rebellion

1921 · Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin · Russia · Kronstadt · Revolution · Kronstadt Rebellion

Addresses sailors but fails to stop the revolt.

Kronstadt Rebellion

1921 · Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin · Russia · Moscow · Revolution · Kronstadt Rebellion

Sees the revolt as a grave threat during the civil war crisis.

Kronstadt Rebellion

1921 · Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Kronstadt Rebellion

Denounces the Kronstadt sailors as enemies of Soviet power.

Kronstadt Rebellion

1921 · Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev · Russia · Petrograd · Revolution · Kronstadt Rebellion

Faces revolt from sailors who demand free Soviets.

Occupation

1921 · Karl Joseph Wirth · Germany · Government · Weimar Republic

The Allies enter Germany to enforce reparations

Acting President

1931 · Harmodio Arias Madrid · Panama · Government · Government of Panama

Appointed Acting President of Panama

NSDAP

1931 · Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer · Germany · Politics · NSDAP

Appointed Member of NSDAP, number 474,481

President Takes Office

1931 · Arturo Araujo · El Salvador · San Salvador · Government · Republic of El Salvador

Arturo Araujo becomes President after winning the 1931 election

Sturmabteilung (SA)

1931 · Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer · Germany · Politics · NSDAP

Appointed Member of SA

Manchukuo

1932 · Tsuyoshi Inukai · Japan · Tokyo · Warfare · League of Nations

Japan supports creation of Manchukuo despite League criticism.

Reform of Taxation

1932 · Neville Chamberlain · Great Britain · London · Government · National Government

Britain returns to protectective tariffs

Alliance Werner von Blomberg and Nazi Party

1933 · Werner von Blomberg · Germany · Warfare · Military

Issues a directive to the Officer Corps openly supporting the NAZIs

Communist Party

1933 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Government · NSDAP Government

The police & SA sieze all Communist Party buildings in Germany along with weapons claimed to be used for a coup. As a consequence of the Reichstag Fire Decree, the Communist Party of Germany KPD is banned

Coup

1933 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Government · NSDAP Government

The police & SA sieze all Communist Party buildings in Germany along with weapons claimed to be used for a coup

Decree

1933 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Berlin · Government · NSDAP Government

As a consequence of the Reichstag Fire Decree, the Communist Party of Germany KPD is banned

Plot

1933 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Berlin · Government · NSDAP Government

As a consequence of the Reichstag Fire Decree, the Communist Party of Germany KPD is banned

Luftwaffe

1935 · Albrecht Kesselring · Germany · Warfare · Military

Helps create the administrative and training infrastructure of the Luftwaffe

Luftwaffe

1935 · Albrecht Kesselring · Germany · Warfare · Military

Helps create the infrastructure of the Luftwaffe

Major

1935 · Albrecht Kesselring · Germany · Warfare · Military

Appointed Major General for to create the infrastructure of the Luftwaffe

President Elected

1935 · Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez · El Salvador · San Salvador · Government · Republic of El Salvador

Martinez begins an elected presidential term after provisional rule

Academy Award

1940 · Vivien Leigh · Great Britain · Arts · Cinema

Wins an Oscar for, "Gone With The Wind"

Frisch-Peierls Memorandum

1940 · Otto Robert Frisch · Great Britain · Birmingham · Warfare · Nuclear

Calculates that a uranium-235 bomb may be practical.

Frisch-Peierls Memorandum

1940 · Otto Robert Frisch · Great Britain · Birmingham · Warfare · Nuclear

Calculates with Peierls that a compact uranium bomb may be practical.

Frisch-Peierls Memorandum

1940 · Rudolf Peierls · Great Britain · Birmingham · Warfare · Nuclear

Co-authors memorandum estimating uranium-235 bomb feasibility.

Frisch-Peierls Memorandum

1940 · Rudolf Peierls · Great Britain · Birmingham · Warfare · Nuclear

Co-authors the Birmingham memorandum estimating uranium-235 weapon feasibility.

Invasion of Romania

1940 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Bulgaria joins the Tripartite Pact

Norway Strategy

1940 · Erich Raeder · Germany · Berlin · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Supports seizing Norwegian ports before the Allies can cut the ore route.

Operation Weserubung Order

1940 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Berlin · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Orders preparation of the German invasion of Denmark and Norway.

Pact between Germany, Italy, Japan and Bulgaria

1940 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Bulgaria joins the Tripartite Pact

Spring Awakening

1940 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Issues an order to invade Norway

Tripartite Pact

1940 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Bulgaria joins the Tripartite Pact

Alliance Adolf Hitler and Tripartite Pact

1941 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Bulgaria joins the Tripartite Pact

Pact between Germany, Italy, Japan and Bulgaria

1941 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact

Tripartite Pact

1941 · Adolf Hitler · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact

Command of Folgore

1942 · Enrico Frattini · Italy · Italy · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Frattini assumes command of the Folgore parachute division before its deployment to North Africa.

Invasion of Java

1942 · Hitoshi Imamura · Japan · Java · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Imamura's Sixteenth Army lands on Java as Japan moves to complete the conquest of the Netherlands East Indies.

Presents Credentials

1943 · Galeazzo Ciano · Italy · Vatican City · Government · Government of Italy

Presents his diplomatic credentials to Pope Pius XII as Italy's ambassador to the Holy See.

General

1944 · Otto Moritz Walter Model · Germany · Warfare · Military

Appointed General Feldmarschall, the youngest in German military history

General

1944 · Otto Moritz Walter Model · Germany · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Appointed General Feldmarschall, the youngest in German military history

President Takes Office

1945 · Salvador Castaneda · El Salvador · San Salvador · Government · Republic of El Salvador

Castaneda Castro becomes President after the 1945 election

Bank of England Nationalisation

1946 · Hugh Dalton · Great Britain · London · Economy · Banking

The Bank of England transfers from private shareholders into public ownership.

Nationalization

1946 · Clement Attlee · Great Britain · London · Government · Labour Party Government

The Bank of England is brought into public ownership under the Bank of England Act

Arrest of Klaus Fuchs

1950 · Klaus Fuchs · Germany · Warfare · Military

Sentenced to serve 7 yrs in prison

Economy of Germany

1950 · Konrad Adenauer · Germany · Bonn · Government · Government of Germany

Rationing ends in West Germany, apart from sugar

National Government

1950 · Chiang Kai-Shek · China · Government · National Government

Resumes the presidency of the Republic of China in Taipei.

Rationing

1950 · Konrad Adenauer · Germany · Bonn · Government · Government of Germany

Rationing ends in West Germany, apart from sugar

Trial

1950 · Klaus Fuchs · Germany · Warfare · Military

Found guilty of passing British atomic secrets to Russian agents

National Council of Government

1952 · Andres Martinez Trueba · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

The collegial National Council of Government replaces the single presidency

Health of Joseph Stalin

1953 · Joseph Stalin · Russia · Moscow · Science · Medicine

Suffers from a stroke, doctors are frightened to treat him

Castle Bravo Test

1954 · Dwight David Eisenhower · United States of America · Bikini Atoll · Warfare · Nuclear

The United States conducts Castle Bravo, its most powerful nuclear test and a major source of radioactive fallout.

Chief Minister of Tunisia

1954 · Mohamed Salah Mzali · Tunisia · Tunis · Government · Government of Tunisia

Mohamed Salah Mzali began serving as chief minister under the Tunisian monarchy.

Government

1954 · Dwight David Eisenhower · United States of America · Government · Republican Party Government

The US carries out the 1st hydrogen bomb test in Bikini Atoll

Nuclear Power

1954 · Dwight David Eisenhower · United States of America · Warfare · Nuclear

The US carries out the first hydrogen bomb test in Bikini Atoll

Budget

1955 · Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill · Great Britain · London · Government · Conservative Party Government

Churchills budget includes expenditure on the hydrogen bomb

Nuclear Power

1955 · Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill · Great Britain · Warfare · Nuclear

Churchills budget includes expenditure on the hydrogen bomb

Second 1956 Premiership

1956 · Norodom Sihanouk · Kampuchea · Phnom Penh · Government · Kingdom of Cambodia

Returns briefly as Prime Minister during Sangkum rule

Premiership Ends

1957 · Ba Swe · Myanmar · Rangoon · Government · Union of Burma

Ba Swe leaves office as U Nu returns to the premiership

Prime Minister Returns

1957 · U Nu · Myanmar · Rangoon · Government · Union of Burma

U Nu resumes office for a second premiership

Exile of Mikhail Khristodolou Mouskos Makarios

1959 · Mikhail Khristodolou Mouskos Makarios · Cyprus · Government · Government of Cyprus

Makarios ends his exile & returns to Cyprus

Private First Class Rank Restored

1959 · Lee Harvey Oswald · United States of America · El Toro · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Lee was promoted again to private first class effective March 1, 1959, after having previously been reduced in rank.

Peace

1961 · John Fitzgerald Kennedy · United States of America · Government · Democratic Party Government

Announces the Peace Corps has been created

Peace Corps

1961 · John Fitzgerald Kennedy · United States of America · Government · Democratic Party Government

Announces the Peace Corps has been created

Constitution of Pakistan

1962 · Muhammad Ayub Khan · Pakistan · Islamabad · Government · Government of Pakistan

Ayub Khan promulgates Pakistan's second Constitution, establishing a presidential system.

Beatles, The

1966 · John Winston Lennon · Great Britain · London · Arts · Popular Music

Londons Evening Standard publishes an interview with John Lennon in which he states that the Beatles are "more popular than Jesus now", the comment provokes several protests, including the burning of Beatles records

Discovery of Venus

1966 · Nikita Sergeyevich Khruschev · Russia · Science · Astronomy

The unmanned Venus 3 touches down on Venus

Verve Records Contract

1966 · Frank Vincent Zappa · United States of America · Los Angeles · Arts · Popular Music

Signs with Verve Records after producer Tom Wilson sees the Mothers perform, leading to the name Mothers of Invention.

President of Uruguay

1967 · Oscar Diego Gestido · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Becomes President under the restored single-president system of the 1967 Constitution

The Piper at the Gates of Dawn

1967 · Norman Smith · Great Britain · Abbey Road Studios · Arts · Popular Music

Smith begins producing sessions for Pink Floyd's debut album at Abbey Road

Demonstrations

1968 · Amintore Fanfani · Italy · Rome · Government · Government of Italy

The "Valle Giulia" student protest in Rome leads to a long period of violent disputes

Valle Giulia

1968 · Amintore Fanfani · Italy · Rome · Government · Government of Italy

The "Valle Giulia" student protest in Rome leads to a long period of violent disputes

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

1969 · Yuri Nosenko · Russia · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Nosenko is detained during contested CIA assessments of his defector claims.

KGB (Committee for State Security)

1969 · Yuri Nosenko · Russia · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Nosenko is formally acknowledged to be a genuine defector, and released, with financial compensation from the CIA

Miami Concert

1969 · Jim Morrison · United States of America · Miami · Arts · Popular Music

Performs at Dinner Key Auditorium before later legal charges.

The Velvet Underground

1969 · Lou Reed · United States of America · New York · Arts · Popular Music

Releases the self-titled Velvet Underground album, showing a quieter and more intimate songwriting style.

Trial

1969 · Clay LaVerne Shaw · United States of America · Politics · Assassination of Kennedy, JF

Shaw is acquitted less than one hour after the case went to the jury

General Strike

1971 · Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan · Pakistan · East Pakistan · Government · Government of Pakistan

A general strike follows the postponement of the elected National Assembly.

National Assembly Postponement

1971 · Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan · Pakistan · Dhaka · Government · Government of Pakistan

Yahya Khan postpones the National Assembly session, triggering mass protests in East Pakistan.

First NPT Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement

1972 · Sigvard Eklund · Sweden · Finland · Warfare · Nuclear

The first comprehensive safeguards agreement based on INFCIRC/153 enters into force with Finland.

Land Reform

1972 · Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto · Pakistan · Islamabad · Government · Government of Pakistan

Bhutto introduces land ceilings and redistribution measures.

President of Uruguay

1972 · Juan Maria Bordaberry · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Appointed President of Uruguay

The Dark Side of the Moon

1973 · Alan Parsons · Great Britain · Abbey Road Studios · Arts · Popular Music

Parsons engineers The Dark Side of the Moon, released in the United Kingdom

The Dark Side of the Moon

1973 · Roger Waters · Great Britain · London · Arts · Popular Music

Pink Floyd release The Dark Side of the Moon in the United Kingdom

White House Tape 866-003

1973 · John Dean · United States of America · White House Oval Office · Politics · Watergate

John Dean appears with Richard Nixon in the 26-minute White House recording numbered 866-003; the Watergate Special Prosecution Force later included the recording in its transcript collection.

White House Tape 866-003

1973 · Richard Milhous Nixon · United States of America · White House Oval Office · Politics · Watergate

Richard Nixon appears with John Dean in the 26-minute White House recording numbered 866-003; the Watergate Special Prosecution Force later included the recording in its transcript collection.

Election

1974 · Edward Richard George Heath · Great Britain · Government · Conservative Party Government

Attempts unsuccessfully to form a coaltion with the Liberals

Election

1974 · Jeremy Thorpe · Great Britain · Politics · Liberal Party

Refuses to join a co-altion with the Conservatives & the Labour Party comes to power

Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Colson pleads guilty to obstruction of justice on June 3, 1974, in a case related to efforts to discredit Daniel Ellsberg.

Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Colson receives a prison sentence and fine after his obstruction-of-justice plea and later serves several months in federal custody.

Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Colson, a former White House counsel involved in political affairs, becomes a defendant in Watergate-related federal proceedings.

Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October.

Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Former White House counsel specializing in political affairs;

Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C.

Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N.

Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

pleaded nolo contendere on June 3, 1974 to one charge of obstruction of justice, having persuaded prosecution to change the charge from one of which he believed himself innocent to another of which he believed himself guilty, in order to

Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Strachan, aide to Mitchellll and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

testify freely.; sentenced to 1 to 3 years of prison and fined $5,000; Colson served seven months

Indictment

1974 · John Dean · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October.

Indictment

1974 · John Dean · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C.

Indictment

1974 · John Dean · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N.

Indictment

1974 · John Dean · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

Indictment

1974 · John Dean · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictment

1974 · John Dean · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Strachan, aide to Mitchellll and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictment

1974 · John Ehrlichman · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Former assistant to Nixon in charge of domestic affairs; faced a maximum of 25 years in prison and $40,000 in fines. Ehrlichman was convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, perjury and other charges; he served 18 months in prison.

Indictment

1974 · Harry Robbins "Bob" Haldeman · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October.

Indictment

1974 · Harry Robbins "Bob" Haldeman · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C.

Indictment

1974 · Harry Robbins "Bob" Haldeman · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N.

Indictment

1974 · Harry Robbins "Bob" Haldeman · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

Indictment

1974 · Harry Robbins "Bob" Haldeman · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Strachan, aide to Mitchellll and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictment

1974 · Robert Mardian · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October.

Indictment

1974 · Robert Mardian · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C.

Indictment

1974 · Robert Mardian · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N.

Indictment

1974 · Robert Mardian · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

Indictment

1974 · Robert Mardian · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictment

1974 · Robert Mardian · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Strachan, aide to Mitchellll and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictment

1974 · John Newton Mitchell · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October.

Indictment

1974 · John Newton Mitchell · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C.

Indictment

1974 · John Newton Mitchell · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N.

Indictment

1974 · John Newton Mitchell · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

Indictment

1974 · John Newton Mitchell · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictment

1974 · John Newton Mitchell · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Strachan, aide to Mitchellll and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictment

1974 · Richard Milhous Nixon · United States of America · Government · Republican Party Government

Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October. Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury

Indictment

1974 · Richard Milhous Nixon · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October. Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

Indictment

1974 · Richard Milhous Nixon · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C. Strachan, aide to Mitchellll and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictment

1974 · Richard Milhous Nixon · United States of America · Government · Republican Party Government

Richard Milhous Nixon is included among defendants charged in the federal Watergate cover-up case returned by the grand jury.

Indictment

1974 · Richard Milhous Nixon · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Richard Milhous Nixon is included among defendants charged in the federal Watergate cover-up case returned by the grand jury.

Indictment

1974 · Kenneth Parkinson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October.

Indictment

1974 · Kenneth Parkinson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C.

Indictment

1974 · Kenneth Parkinson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N.

Indictment

1974 · Kenneth Parkinson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

Indictment

1974 · Kenneth Parkinson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictment

1974 · Kenneth Parkinson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

Strachan, aide to Mitchellll and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Shadow Cabinet Appointment

1974 · Geoffrey Howe · Great Britain · London · Politics · Conservative Party

Becomes a Conservative Shadow Secretary of State following the party's move into opposition after the February 1974 election.

Unindicted Co-Conspirator

1974 · Richard Milhous Nixon · United States of America · Washington · Politics · Watergate

Is secretly named by the Watergate grand jury as an unindicted co-conspirator in the alleged cover-up while still serving as president.

Watergate

1974 · Richard Milhous Nixon · United States of America · Watergate · Politics · Watergate

The Watergate grand jury names Nixon as an unindicted co-conspirator in the alleged cover-up.

Watergate Cover-Up Indictment

1974 · Charles Colson · United States of America · Washington · Politics · Watergate

Is indicted with senior former Nixon aides in the Watergate cover-up case brought by the federal grand jury.

Watergate Cover-Up Indictment

1974 · John Ehrlichman · United States of America · Washington · Politics · Watergate

Is indicted with senior former administration officials as prosecutors bring charges over the Watergate cover-up.

Watergate Cover-Up Indictment

1974 · Harry Robbins "Bob" Haldeman · United States of America · Washington · Politics · Watergate

Is indicted by a federal grand jury in the Watergate cover-up case.

Watergate Cover-Up Indictment

1974 · Harry Robbins "Bob" Haldeman · United States of America · Washington · Politics · Watergate

Is indicted by the Watergate grand jury for alleged participation in the conspiracy and cover-up following the Democratic headquarters burglary.

Watergate Cover-Up Indictment

1974 · Robert Mardian · United States of America · Washington · Politics · Watergate

Is indicted in the Watergate cover-up case alongside former administration and campaign officials.

Watergate Cover-Up Indictment

1974 · John Mitchell · United States of America · Washington · Politics · Watergate

Is indicted with other former Nixon aides on charges arising from the Watergate cover-up and conspiracy to obstruct the investigation.

Watergate Cover-Up Indictment

1974 · John Newton Mitchell · United States of America · Washington · Politics · Watergate

Is indicted with other former Nixon aides on charges arising from the Watergate cover-up and conspiracy to obstruct the investigation.

Watergate Cover-Up Indictment

1974 · Kenneth Parkinson · United States of America · Washington · Politics · Watergate

Is indicted in the federal Watergate cover-up case with other former Nixon administration and campaign figures.

Watergate Cover-Up Indictment

1974 · Gordon Strachan · United States of America · Washington · Politics · Watergate

Is indicted as one of the defendants in the federal Watergate cover-up prosecution involving senior Nixon administration and campaign officials.

Watergate Seven

1974 · Richard Milhous Nixon · United States of America · Watergate · Politics · Watergate

Refers to the seven advisors and aides to United States President Richard M. Nixon who were indicted by a grand jury on March 1, 1974 for their role in the Watergate scandal.

Watergate Seven

1974 · Richard Milhous Nixon · United States of America · Watergate · Politics · Watergate

The grand jury also named Nixon an unindicted conspirator. The indictments marked the first time in U.S. history that a president was so named.

Watergate Seven

1974 · Kenneth Parkinson · United States of America · Politics · Watergate

A member of the Watergate Seven, who were indicted by a federal grand jury on March 1, 1974.

League Cup Captaincy

1975 · Ian Ross · Great Britain · Wembley · Sport · Football

Ross lifts the League Cup after Villa defeats Norwich City.

League Cup Winning Goal

1975 · Ray Graydon · Great Britain · Wembley · Sport · Football

Graydon scores from the rebound after his penalty is saved in the League Cup final.

Second League Cup Victory

1975 · Ron Saunders · Great Britain · Wembley · Sport · Football

Saunders leads Villa to a 1-0 League Cup final victory over Norwich City.

Chief of Army Staff

1976 · Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq · Pakistan · Rawalpindi · Warfare · Military

Zia-ul-Haq becomes Chief of Army Staff after being selected to succeed General Tikka Khan.

Governor-General Takes Office

1977 · Tore Lokoloko · Papua New Guinea · Port Moresby · Government · Government of Papua New Guinea

Tore Lokoloko becomes Governor-General after John Guise

Independence of Great Britain

1977 · James Callaghan · Great Britain · Government · Labour Party Government

A referendum is held but the required 40% of Scots do not vote for devolution

Independence of Scotland

1977 · James Callaghan · Great Britain · Government · Labour Party Government

A referendum is held but the required 40% of Scots do not vote for devolution

Referendum

1977 · James Callaghan · Great Britain · Government · Labour Party Government

A referendum is held but the required 40% of Scots do not vote for devolution

Trans-Europe Express

1977 · Karl Bartos · Germany · Dusseldorf · Arts · Popular Music

Contributes percussion and composition to Trans-Europe Express.

Trans-Europe Express

1977 · Wolfgang Flur · Germany · Dusseldorf · Arts · Popular Music

Adds electronic rhythm to Trans-Europe Express during the band's classic quartet era.

Trans-Europe Express

1977 · Ralf Hutter · Germany · Dusseldorf · Arts · Popular Music

Releases Trans-Europe Express, celebrating European rail travel and mechanical rhythm.

Trans-Europe Express

1977 · Florian Schneider · Germany · Dusseldorf · Arts · Popular Music

Co-creates Trans-Europe Express, refining Kraftwerk's sequenced electronic sound.

Guerrilla Warfare

1980 · Pol Pot · Kampuchea · Thai Border · Government · Khmer Rouge

Begin guerrilla operations along the Thai border

British and Argentine deputy Foreign Minister's issue a joint communique praising the

1982 · Ernesto Ros · Argentina · Falkland Islands · Warfare · Falklands War

British and Argentine deputy Foreign Minister's issue a joint communique praising the cordial and positive spirit of sovereignty discussions held in New York

British and Argentine deputy Foreign Ministers issue a joint communique praising the

1982 · Richard Luce · Great Britain · Falkland Islands · Warfare · Falklands War

British and Argentine deputy Foreign Ministers issue a joint communique praising the cordial and positive spirit of sovereignty discussions held in New York

Joint Communique

1982 · Richard Luce · Great Britain · New York · Warfare · Falklands War

Issues a cordial communique after talks with Argentina.

Venera 13 Colour Images

1982 · Roald Sagdeev · Russia · Venus · Science · Astronomy

Venera 13 returns colour panoramas of the Venusian surface and analyses nearby soil.

Venera 13 Landing

1982 · Roald Sagdeev · Russia · Venus · Science · Astronomy

Venera 13 lands on Venus and begins an exceptionally productive surface science session.

Cruise Missile Dual-key Costs

1983 · Michael Heseltine · Great Britain · London · Government · Conservative Party Government

Answers Commons questions on the estimated cost of a British dual-key control arrangement for cruise missiles.

Governor-General Takes Office

1983 · Kingsford Dibela · Papua New Guinea · Port Moresby · Government · Government of Papua New Guinea

Kingsford Dibela becomes Governor-General of Papua New Guinea

Strike

1984 · Arthur Scargill · Great Britain · Cortonwood · Politics · National Union of Mineworkers

The NCB announce closure of Cortonwood in Yorkshire sparking off the Miners Strike

Constitution of Uruguay

1985 · Julio Maria Sanguinetti Coirolo · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Restores constitutional government after the civic-military dictatorship

Economy of Uruguay

1985 · Julio Maria Sanguinetti Coirolo · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Makes reduction of the foreign debt one of the main economic objectives of his first government

Inauguration

1985 · Julio Maria Sanguinetti Coirolo · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Sworn in as President of Uruguay with a five-year term

President of Uruguay

1985 · Julio Maria Sanguinetti Coirolo · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Appointed President of Uruguay, first term

Resignation of Bettino Craxi

1987 · Bettino Craxi · Italy · Rome · Government · Socialist Party

Resigns after 3 1/2 yrs in office, the longest Government in Italy since World War II

Massacre

1988 · Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev · Russia · Azerbaijan · Religion · Islam

Takes place in Azerbaijan after a conflict with Muslim Azerbaijanis

Massacre

1988 · Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev · Russia · Azerbaijan · Government · Government of Russia

Takes place in Azerbaijan after a conflict with Muslim Azerbaijanis

Governor-General Takes Office

1989 · Ignatius Kilage · Papua New Guinea · Port Moresby · Government · Government of Papua New Guinea

Ignatius Kilage becomes Governor-General of Papua New Guinea

Inauguration

1990 · Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Sworn in as President after winning the election of 26 November 1989

President of Uruguay

1990 · Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Appointed President of Uruguay

Transfer of Power

1990 · Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Julio Maria Sanguinetti hands over the presidency to Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera

Independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina

1991 · Slobodan Milosevic · Serbia · Warfare · Balkan Wars, 3rd

Bosnias Muslims and Croats vote for independence in referendum boycotted by Serbs

Independence of Serbia

1991 · Slobodan Milosevic · Serbia · Warfare · Balkan Wars, 3rd

Bosnias Muslims and Croats vote for independence in referendum boycotted by Serbs

Morrison Portrayal

1991 · Val Kilmer · United States of America · United States · Arts · Cinema

Portrays Jim Morrison in Stone's film.

Reballion of Rebels in Basra

1991 · Saddam Hussein · Iraq · Basra · Government · Ba'ath Socialist Party

A revolt against the Government begins in Basra & spreads to other Shiite cities

Reballion of Rebels in Basra

1991 · Saddam Hussein · Iraq · Basra · Warfare · Military

A revolt against the Government begins in Basra & spreads to other Shiite cities

Referendum

1991 · Slobodan Milosevic · Serbia · Warfare · Balkan Wars, 3rd

Bosnias Muslims and Croats vote for independence in referendum boycotted by Serbs

The Doors

1991 · Val Kilmer · United States of America · Los Angeles · Arts · Cinema

Stars as Jim Morrison in Oliver Stone's film The Doors.

The Doors

1991 · Oliver Stone · United States of America · Los Angeles · Arts · Cinema

Directs the biographical film The Doors.

The Doors Film Release

1991 · Oliver Stone · United States of America · United States · Arts · Cinema

Releases The Doors, a dramatized film biography.

Basic Law of Governance

1992 · Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud · Saudi Arabia · Riyadh · Government · Government of Saudi Arabia

Supports implementation of the kingdom's new governance framework.

Basic Law of Governance

1992 · Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud · Saudi Arabia · Riyadh · Government · Government of Saudi Arabia

Issues the Basic Law defining central principles of Saudi governance.

Bosnian Independence Referendum

1992 · Alija Izetbegovic · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Sarajevo · Warfare · Balkan Wars, 3rd

Bosniaks and Croats vote for independence in a Serb-boycotted referendum.

Bosnian Independence Referendum

1992 · Alija Izetbegovic · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Sarajevo · Warfare · Bosnian War

Supports independence after voters approve separation from Yugoslavia.

Bosnian Independence Referendum

1992 · Radovan Karadzic · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Sarajevo · Warfare · Bosnian War

Rejects the referendum and promotes a separate Bosnian Serb political structure.

Consultative Council Law

1992 · Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud · Saudi Arabia · Riyadh · Government · Government of Saudi Arabia

Supports development of the reorganized national consultative body.

Consultative Council Law

1992 · Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud · Saudi Arabia · Riyadh · Government · Government of Saudi Arabia

Issues the law reorganizing the Consultative Council.

Independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina

1992 · Radovan Karadzic · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Politics · Serbian Democratic Party

A referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina from Yugoslavia is held, many Serbs boycot the referendum while Bosniaks and Croats and pro-secession Serbs vote, 64% of eligible voters vote 98% in favor of independence

Provinces Law

1992 · Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud · Saudi Arabia · Riyadh · Government · Government of Saudi Arabia

Issues the law defining administration of Saudi provinces.

Provinces Law

1992 · Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud · Saudi Arabia · Riyadh · Government · Government of Saudi Arabia

Supports implementation of the new provincial administrative framework.

Referendum

1992 · Radovan Karadzic · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Politics · Serbian Democratic Party

A referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina from Yugoslavia is held, many Serbs boycot the referendum while Bosniaks and Croats and pro-secession Serbs vote, 64% of eligible voters vote 98% in favor of independence

Rule of Bosnia and Herzegovina

1992 · Radovan Karadzic · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Politics · Serbian Democratic Party

A referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina from Yugoslavia is held, many Serbs boycot the referendum while Bosniaks and Croats and pro-secession Serbs vote, 64% of eligible voters vote 98% in favor of independence

Coalition Government

1995 · Julio Maria Sanguinetti Coirolo · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Begins his second presidential term and forms a coalition government with the National Party and allied Colorado sectors

President of Uruguay

1995 · Julio Maria Sanguinetti Coirolo · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Appointed President of Uruguay, 2nd term

Election

1998 · Gerhard Schroder · Germany · Saxony · Politics · SDP

The Social Democrats win the state lections in Lower Saxony

Executive Chairman Takes Office

2000 · Hans Blix · Sweden · New York · Politics · United Nations

Begins building the new Iraq inspection organization.

President of Uruguay

2000 · Jorge Batlle Ibanez · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Appointed President of Uruguay

UNMOVIC Duties Begin

2000 · Hans Blix · Sweden · New York · Politics · United Nations

Takes up his duties as Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.

Hubble Servicing Mission 3B Launch

2002 · Scott Altman · United States of America · Kennedy Space Center · Science · Astronomy

Altman commands Columbia as Servicing Mission 3B launches to replace Hubble solar arrays and install major new hardware.

Al Samoud 2 Destruction Begins

2003 · Hans Blix · Sweden · Iraq · Warfare · Gulf War, 2nd

Supervises the start of destruction of Iraq's Al Samoud 2 missiles.

Missile Destruction Supervised

2003 · Hans Blix · Sweden · Iraq · Warfare · Gulf War, 2nd

UNMOVIC identifies the missile system as exceeding the permitted range.

Neutrality

2003 · George Walker Bush · United States of America · Warfare · Gulf War, 2nd

Turkey rejects Americas plan to base 62,000 troops in its country

Neutrality

2003 · Abdullah Gul · Turkey · Warfare · Gulf War, 2nd

Turkey rejects Americas plan to base 62,000 troops in its country

President of Uruguay

2005 · Tabare Vazquez · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Becomes the first Broad Front president of Uruguay

President of Uruguay

2010 · Jose Mujica · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Appointed President of Uruguay

Third Chelsea League Cup Victory

2015 · Jose Mourinho · Portugal · London · Sport · Football

Chelsea defeat Tottenham Hotspur 2-0 at Wembley to win the League Cup.

President of Uruguay

2020 · Luis Lacalle Pou · Uruguay · Montevideo · Government · Government of Uruguay

Inaugurated as President of Uruguay.

European Parliament Wartime Address

2022 · Volodymyr Zelenskyy · Ukraine · Kyiv · Warfare · Russia-Ukraine War

Addresses the European Parliament and urges the European Union to prove that it stands with Ukraine.

State of the Union

2022 · Joseph Robinette Biden · United States of America · Washington · Government · Democratic Party Government

Delivers his first State of the Union address.

Bakhmut Withdrawal Debate

2023 · Oleksandr Syrskyi · Ukraine · Bakhmut · Warfare · Russia-Ukraine War

Directs defenses as Bakhmut comes under intense pressure.

Eastern Front Defense

2025 · Oleksandr Syrskyi · Ukraine · Donetsk Oblast · Warfare · Russia-Ukraine War

Ukraine defends positions across the eastern front.

Europa Clipper Mars Gravity Assist

2025 · Bill Nelson · United States of America · Mars · Science · Technology

Europa Clipper uses Mars for a gravity assist on its journey toward the Jupiter system.

Births on March 1

Birth of John Pell

1610 · John Pell · England · Southwick · Science · Mathematics

Birth of John Pell

Birth of Caroline of Ansbach

1683 · Caroline of Ansbach · Great Britain · Ansbach · House · House of Hanover

Birth of Caroline of Ansbach, born at Ansbach in Germany, the daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and his second wife, Princess Eleanor Erdmuthe Louise of Saxe-Eisenach

Birth of David Niven

1910 · David Niven · Great Britain · London · Arts · Cinema

David Niven is born in London.

British Actor Born

1910 · David Niven · Great Britain · London · Arts · Cinema

The future British film actor and soldier is born.

Birth of Joan Ann Hackett

1934 · Joan Ann Hackett · United States of America · Arts · Cinema

Birth of Joan Ann Hackett

Birth of Roger Daltrey

1944 · Roger Daltrey · Great Britain · London · Arts · Popular Music

Birth of Roger Daltrey, the same working class neighbourhood that produced fellow Who members Pete Townshend and John Entwistle

Birth of Roger Daltrey

1944 · Roger Daltrey · Great Britain · London · Arts · Popular Music

Birth of Who vocalist Roger Daltrey.

Birth of John Paul Jones

1946 · John Paul Jones · Great Britain · Arts · Popular Music

Birth of John Paul Jones

Deaths on March 1

Death of George Wishart

1546 · George Wishart · England · London · Religion · Protestant Church

The Scottish Lutheran is burnt at the stake on the orders of Cardinal Beaton

Battles on March 1

Battle of Aldenhoven

1793 · Charles of Austria · Austria · Aldenhoven · Revolution · Revolution of Austria

Wins distincton during the French invasion of the Austrian Netherlands

Battle of Cerro Cora

1870 · Francisco Solano Lopez · Paraguay · Cerro Cora · Warfare · War of the Triple Alliance

Dies at Cerro Cora as the War of the Triple Alliance ends.

Battle of Adowa

1896 · Oreste Baratieri · Italy · Adowa · Warfare · Italy War

With a force of 20,000 attacks but defeated by Emperor Meneleks force of 90,000

Battle of Adowa

1896 · Menelik II · Ethiopia · Adowa · Warfare · Italy War

Frustrates Italian attempts to make Ethiopia a protectorate

Battle of Gallipoli

1915 · Eleftherios Venizelos · Greece · Gallipoli · Warfare · World War, 1st

Proposes Greek troops help the Allies

Battle of Rzhev

1942 · Otto Moritz Walter Model · Germany · Rzhev · Warfare · World War, 2nd

Russian forces are trapped & then destroyed

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