March 1 in History

Signs a peace Treaty with Duke Richard I of Normandy. England & Normandy agree not to assist the others enemies. Ends hostilities caused by Normandys protection of Viking raiders

Henry I & Geoffrey Martel meet to plan an invasion of Normandy

Canonizes Thomas Becket

Canonized by Pope Alexander III

John Balliol fails to appear at Berwick for his trial, Edward then invades Scotland

Fails to appear at Berwick to stand trial, Edward I uses this to invade Scotland

John Balliol fails to appear at Berwick for his trial, Edward then invades Scotland

Elizabeth Woodville and her daughters came out of sanctuary after Richard III publicly swore an oath that her daughters would not be harmed or molested and that they would not be imprisoned in the Tower of London or in any other prison. He also promised

to provide them with marriage portions and to marry them to "gentlemen born". The family returned to Court, outwardly reconciled to Richard III

Elizabeth Woodville leaves sanctuary after Richard III promises protection and marriage portions for her daughters.

Elizabeth and her daughters came out of sanctuary and return to court

Appointed Maid of Honor to Catherine of Aragon

The Scottish Lutheran is burnt at the stake on the orders of Cardinal Beaton

Edward VI's second Parliament opens in London.

Within a matter of weeks ofter the edict of Saint-Germain, the Vassy massacre opens the first religious war, which in fact was a victory for the more intolerant Guise policy and a defeat for the conciliations of Catherine

Guise family retainers attack a Calvinist service in Wassy-sur-Blaise in Champagne and massacre worshippers, as hostilities break out, the Edict is revoked, under pressure from the Guise faction

Guise family retainers attack a Calvinist service in Wassy-sur-Blaise in Champagne and massacre worshippers

The Edict of Saint-Germain is revoked by the Guise familly

Within a matter of weeks ofter the edict of Saint-Germain, the Vassy massacre opens the first religious war, which in fact was a victory for the more intolerant Guise policy and a defeat for the conciliations of Catherine

Guise's followers attack a Protestant congregation and ignite the first war of religion

Guise's retainers attack a Huguenot congregation and trigger open war

The massacre undermines Catherine's policy of religious compromise

Imprisoned for advocating the right of Parliament to discuss matters of State

Laud is committed to the Tower while Parliament prepares its case against him.

The assembled Estates acclaim the young Charles as King of Sweden.

The assembled Estates acclaim the young Charles as King of Sweden.

Issues the Code Noir for French colonies.

Aligns Danish civil dating more closely with most of western Europe.

Helps introduce the Gregorian calendar in Denmark-Norway.

Ohio becomes the 17th State of the Union

Eliminates leading Mamluk rivals during a ceremony at the Cairo Citadel.

Massacres the Mamelukes at Cairo

Massacres the Mamelukes at Cairo

Lands in Cannes from Elba with 1,500 men & begins a march on Paris

Introduces the Reform Bill, it passes its 2nd reading by 1 vote but is then defeated

Appointed President of Uruguay

Appointed President of Uruguay after the end of the Guerra Grande

Publishes an article connecting an Italian insurrection with developments in British politics.

Introduces the Irish Church Bill to end the Union of the English & Irish Churches. Introduces the Irish Church Bill to end the establishment of the Irish Church

Deposed by the National Assembly & retires to Chiselhurst in Kent

Deposed by the National Assembly at Bordeaux

Deposed by the National Assembly & retires to Chiselhurst in Kent

Deposed by the National Assembly at Bordeaux

Pennsylvania becomes the 1st State to abolish slavery

All the US states ratify the Articles of Confederarion

Under the Treaty of Addis Ababa Italy recognizes Abyssinian independence and delineates borders with Italian-controlled Eritrea

The Treaty of Addis Ababa abrogates the Treaty of Wuchale and formally ends the First Italo-Abyssinian War on terms favorable to Ethiopia.

The Treaty of Addis Ababa is completed several months after the decisive Battle of Adowa in March of the same year, which was convincingly won by the Ethiopian forces commanded by Menelek II.

Under the Treaty of Addis Ababa Italy recognizes Abyssinian independence and delineates borders with Italian-controlled Eritrea.

Discovers penetrating radiation emitted by uranium salts.

Reports spontaneous radiation from uranium salts.

Attends the Minsk congress that founds the party.

Represents Jewish socialist organisation at the founding congress.

Takes part in the First Congress founding the party.

Joins other delegates creating the party at Minsk.

Begins his first presidency and launches the reformist programme later known as Batllismo

The Nimrod spots Shackleton from Cape Royds & pick him up

Proposes Britain be divided into 10 with a local administration & elected assembly

Begins his second presidency and intensifies social, labour and state-led reform

Is arrested during renewed militant action for women's voting rights.

Leads a coordinated window-smashing protest in central London.

Carden's trawler minesweepers struggle against current, searchlights and mobile artillery while operated largely by civilian crews.

Battleships bombard intermediate positions while minesweepers begin the difficult effort to clear a passage toward the Narrows.

Russell assumes command when the New Zealand Division is formally created in Egypt.

Appointed Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff

Appointed Chief of Staff

General Ivanov is ordered to abort his mission to suppress rebellion in Petrograd

General Ivanov is ordered to abort his mission to suppress the rebellion in Petrograd

Nicholas II orders General Alekseev to form a Duma ministry

Becomes influential in the Soviet moderate majority.

The Imperial train is diverted to Pskov

The first Joint Plenum of the Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies issues Soviet Order No. 1: all soldiers units will elect Soldiers Committee's & the decree stipulates that soldiers will now accept orders from the Soldiers Soviet

The first Joint Plenum of the Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies issues Soviet Order No. 1: all soldiers units will elect Soldiers Committee's & the decree stipulates that soldiers will now accept orders from the Soldiers Soviet

Nicholas II orders General Alekseev to form a Duma ministry

Formation of the Moscow Soviet

The Soviet issues Order Number One to soldiers of the garrison.

The Soviet issues Order Number One increasing soldiers representation and influence.

Helps draft Order Number One for the Petrograd Soviet.

Sokolov helps prepare the order that defines early Soviet authority.

General Ivanov is ordered to abort his mission to suppress the rebellion in Petrograd

Socialist Revolutionaries gain influence inside the Soviet movement.

The first Joint Plenum of the Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies issues Soviet Order No. 1: all soldiers units will elect Soldiers Committee's & the decree stipulates that soldiers will now accept orders from the Soldiers Soviet

Leads the difficult march into the Kuban region.

Returns from the peace negotiations at Brest

Becomes president under the new constitutional arrangement with a National Council of Administration

Addresses sailors but fails to stop the revolt.

Sees the revolt as a grave threat during the civil war crisis.

Denounces the Kronstadt sailors as enemies of Soviet power.

Faces revolt from sailors who demand free Soviets.

The Allies enter Germany to enforce reparations

Appointed Acting President of Panama

Appointed Member of NSDAP, number 474,481

Arturo Araujo becomes President after winning the 1931 election

Appointed Member of SA

Japan supports creation of Manchukuo despite League criticism.

Britain returns to protectective tariffs

Issues a directive to the Officer Corps openly supporting the NAZIs

The police & SA sieze all Communist Party buildings in Germany along with weapons claimed to be used for a coup. As a consequence of the Reichstag Fire Decree, the Communist Party of Germany KPD is banned

The police & SA sieze all Communist Party buildings in Germany along with weapons claimed to be used for a coup

As a consequence of the Reichstag Fire Decree, the Communist Party of Germany KPD is banned

As a consequence of the Reichstag Fire Decree, the Communist Party of Germany KPD is banned

Helps create the administrative and training infrastructure of the Luftwaffe

Helps create the infrastructure of the Luftwaffe

Appointed Major General for to create the infrastructure of the Luftwaffe

Martinez begins an elected presidential term after provisional rule

Wins an Oscar for, "Gone With The Wind"

Calculates with Peierls that a compact uranium bomb may be practical.

Calculates that a uranium-235 bomb may be practical.

Co-authors the Birmingham memorandum estimating uranium-235 weapon feasibility.

Co-authors memorandum estimating uranium-235 bomb feasibility.

Bulgaria joins the Tripartite Pact

Supports seizing Norwegian ports before the Allies can cut the ore route.

Orders preparation of the German invasion of Denmark and Norway.

Bulgaria joins the Tripartite Pact

Issues an order to invade Norway

Bulgaria joins the Tripartite Pact

Bulgaria joins the Tripartite Pact

Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact

Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact

Frattini assumes command of the Folgore parachute division before its deployment to North Africa.

Imamura's Sixteenth Army lands on Java as Japan moves to complete the conquest of the Netherlands East Indies.

Presents his diplomatic credentials to Pope Pius XII as Italy's ambassador to the Holy See.

Appointed General Feldmarschall, the youngest in German military history

Appointed General Feldmarschall, the youngest in German military history

Castaneda Castro becomes President after the 1945 election

The Bank of England transfers from private shareholders into public ownership.

The Bank of England is brought into public ownership under the Bank of England Act

Sentenced to serve 7 yrs in prison

Rationing ends in West Germany, apart from sugar

Resumes the presidency of the Republic of China in Taipei.

Rationing ends in West Germany, apart from sugar

Found guilty of passing British atomic secrets to Russian agents

The collegial National Council of Government replaces the single presidency

Suffers from a stroke, doctors are frightened to treat him

The United States conducts Castle Bravo, its most powerful nuclear test and a major source of radioactive fallout.

Mohamed Salah Mzali began serving as chief minister under the Tunisian monarchy.

The US carries out the 1st hydrogen bomb test in Bikini Atoll

The US carries out the first hydrogen bomb test in Bikini Atoll

Churchills budget includes expenditure on the hydrogen bomb

Churchills budget includes expenditure on the hydrogen bomb

Returns briefly as Prime Minister during Sangkum rule

Ba Swe leaves office as U Nu returns to the premiership

U Nu resumes office for a second premiership

Makarios ends his exile & returns to Cyprus

Lee was promoted again to private first class effective March 1, 1959, after having previously been reduced in rank.

Announces the Peace Corps has been created

Announces the Peace Corps has been created

Ayub Khan promulgates Pakistan's second Constitution, establishing a presidential system.

Londons Evening Standard publishes an interview with John Lennon in which he states that the Beatles are "more popular than Jesus now", the comment provokes several protests, including the burning of Beatles records

The unmanned Venus 3 touches down on Venus

Signs with Verve Records after producer Tom Wilson sees the Mothers perform, leading to the name Mothers of Invention.

Becomes President under the restored single-president system of the 1967 Constitution

Smith begins producing sessions for Pink Floyd's debut album at Abbey Road

The "Valle Giulia" student protest in Rome leads to a long period of violent disputes

The "Valle Giulia" student protest in Rome leads to a long period of violent disputes

Nosenko is detained during contested CIA assessments of his defector claims.

Nosenko is formally acknowledged to be a genuine defector, and released, with financial compensation from the CIA

Performs at Dinner Key Auditorium before later legal charges.

Releases the self-titled Velvet Underground album, showing a quieter and more intimate songwriting style.

Shaw is acquitted less than one hour after the case went to the jury

A general strike follows the postponement of the elected National Assembly.

Yahya Khan postpones the National Assembly session, triggering mass protests in East Pakistan.

The first comprehensive safeguards agreement based on INFCIRC/153 enters into force with Finland.

Bhutto introduces land ceilings and redistribution measures.

Appointed President of Uruguay

Parsons engineers The Dark Side of the Moon, released in the United Kingdom

Pink Floyd release The Dark Side of the Moon in the United Kingdom

Attempts unsuccessfully to form a coaltion with the Liberals

Refuses to join a co-altion with the Conservatives & the Labour Party comes to power

This record states: Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October.

This record states: Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C.

This record states: Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N.

This record states: Mitchell, former White House Chief of Staff H.R.

This record states: Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

This record states: Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Former White House counsel specializing in political affairs;

pleaded nolo contendere on June 3, 1974 to one charge of obstruction of justice, having persuaded prosecution to change the charge from one of which he believed himself innocent to another of which he believed himself guilty, in order to

testify freely.; sentenced to 1 to 3 years of prison and fined $5,000; Colson served seven months

This record states: Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October.

This record states: Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C.

This record states: Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N.

This record states: Mitchell, former White House Chief of Staff H.R.

This record states: Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

This record states: Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Former assistant to Nixon in charge of domestic affairs; faced a maximum of 25 years in prison and $40,000 in fines. Ehrlichman was convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, perjury and other charges; he served 18 months in prison

This record states: Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October.

This record states: Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C.

This record states: Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N.

This record states: Mitchell, former White House Chief of Staff H.R.

This record states: Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

This record states: Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

This record states: Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October.

This record states: Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C.

This record states: Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N.

This record states: Mitchell, former White House Chief of Staff H.R.

This record states: Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

This record states: Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

This record states: Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October.

This record states: Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C.

This record states: Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N.

This record states: Mitchell, former White House Chief of Staff H.R.

This record states: Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

This record states: Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October. Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury

Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C. Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N. Mitchell, former White House Chief of Staff H.R.

Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October. Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury

Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C. Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N. Mitchell, former White House Chief of Staff H.R.

This record states: Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October.

This record states: Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C.

This record states: Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N.

This record states: Mitchell, former White House Chief of Staff H.R.

This record states: Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury.

This record states: Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Is secretly named by the Watergate grand jury as an unindicted co-conspirator in the alleged cover-up while still serving as president.

Is indicted with senior former Nixon aides in the Watergate cover-up case brought by the federal grand jury.

Is indicted with senior former administration officials as prosecutors bring charges over the Watergate cover-up.

Is indicted by the Watergate grand jury for alleged participation in the conspiracy and cover-up following the Democratic headquarters burglary.

Is indicted in the Watergate cover-up case alongside former administration and campaign officials.

Is indicted with other former Nixon aides on charges arising from the Watergate cover-up and conspiracy to obstruct the investigation.

Is indicted in the federal Watergate cover-up case with other former Nixon administration and campaign figures.

Is indicted as one of the defendants in the federal Watergate cover-up prosecution involving senior Nixon administration and campaign officials.

Refers to the seven advisors and aides to United States President Richard M. Nixon who were indicted by a grand jury on March 1, 1974 for their role in the Watergate scandal.

The grand jury also named Nixon an unindicted conspirator. The indictments marked the first time in U.S. history that a president was so named

A member of the Watergate Seven, who were indicted by a federal grand jury on March 1, 1974

Ross lifts the League Cup after Villa defeats Norwich City.

Graydon scores from the rebound after his penalty is saved in the League Cup final.

Saunders leads Villa to a 1-0 League Cup final victory over Norwich City.

Zia-ul-Haq becomes Chief of Army Staff after being selected to succeed General Tikka Khan.

Tore Lokoloko becomes Governor-General after John Guise

A referendum is held but the required 40% of Scots do not vote for devolution

A referendum is held but the required 40% of Scots do not vote for devolution

A referendum is held but the required 40% of Scots do not vote for devolution

Contributes percussion and composition to Trans-Europe Express.

Adds electronic rhythm to Trans-Europe Express during the band's classic quartet era.

Releases Trans-Europe Express, celebrating European rail travel and mechanical rhythm.

Co-creates Trans-Europe Express, refining Kraftwerk's sequenced electronic sound.

Begin guerrilla operations along the Thai border

British and Argentine deputy Foreign Minister's issue a joint communique praising the cordial and positive spirit of sovereignty discussions held in New York

British and Argentine deputy Foreign Ministers issue a joint communique praising the cordial and positive spirit of sovereignty discussions held in New York

Issues a cordial communique after talks with Argentina.

Venera 13 returns colour panoramas of the Venusian surface and analyses nearby soil.

Venera 13 lands on Venus and begins an exceptionally productive surface science session.

Answers Commons questions on the estimated cost of a British dual-key control arrangement for cruise missiles.

Kingsford Dibela becomes Governor-General of Papua New Guinea

The NCB announce closure of Cortonwood in Yorkshire sparking off the Miners Strike

Restores constitutional government after the civic-military dictatorship

Makes reduction of the foreign debt one of the main economic objectives of his first government

Sworn in as President of Uruguay with a five-year term

Appointed President of Uruguay, first term

Resigns after 3 1/2 yrs in office, the longest Government in Italy since World War II

Takes place in Azerbaijan after a conflict with Muslim Azerbaijanis

Takes place in Azerbaijan after a conflict with Muslim Azerbaijanis

Ignatius Kilage becomes Governor-General of Papua New Guinea

Sworn in as President after winning the election of 26 November 1989

Appointed President of Uruguay

Julio Maria Sanguinetti hands over the presidency to Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera

Bosnias Muslims and Croats vote for independence in referendum boycotted by Serbs

Bosnias Muslims and Croats vote for independence in referendum boycotted by Serbs

Portrays Jim Morrison in Stone's film.

A revolt against the Government begins in Basra & spreads to other Shiite cities

A revolt against the Government begins in Basra & spreads to other Shiite cities

Bosnias Muslims and Croats vote for independence in referendum boycotted by Serbs

Stars as Jim Morrison in Oliver Stone's film The Doors.

Directs the biographical film The Doors.

Releases The Doors, a dramatized film biography.

Supports implementation of the kingdom's new governance framework.

Issues the Basic Law defining central principles of Saudi governance.

Bosniaks and Croats vote for independence in a Serb-boycotted referendum.

Supports independence after voters approve separation from Yugoslavia.

Rejects the referendum and promotes a separate Bosnian Serb political structure.

Supports development of the reorganized national consultative body.

Issues the law reorganizing the Consultative Council.

A referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina from Yugoslavia is held, many Serbs boycot the referendum while Bosniaks and Croats and pro-secession Serbs vote, 64% of eligible voters vote 98% in favor of independence

Issues the law defining administration of Saudi provinces.

Supports implementation of the new provincial administrative framework.

A referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina from Yugoslavia is held, many Serbs boycot the referendum while Bosniaks and Croats and pro-secession Serbs vote, 64% of eligible voters vote 98% in favor of independence

A referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina from Yugoslavia is held, many Serbs boycot the referendum while Bosniaks and Croats and pro-secession Serbs vote, 64% of eligible voters vote 98% in favor of independence

Begins his second presidential term and forms a coalition government with the National Party and allied Colorado sectors

Appointed President of Uruguay, 2nd term

The Social Democrats win the state lections in Lower Saxony

Begins building the new Iraq inspection organization.

Appointed President of Uruguay

Takes up his duties as Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.

Altman commands Columbia as Servicing Mission 3B launches to replace Hubble solar arrays and install major new hardware.

Supervises the start of destruction of Iraq's Al Samoud 2 missiles.

UNMOVIC identifies the missile system as exceeding the permitted range.

Turkey rejects Americas plan to base 62,000 troops in its country

Turkey rejects Americas plan to base 62,000 troops in its country

Becomes the first Broad Front president of Uruguay

Appointed President of Uruguay

Chelsea defeat Tottenham Hotspur 2-0 at Wembley to win the League Cup.

Inaugurated as President of Uruguay.

Addresses the European Parliament and urges the European Union to prove that it stands with Ukraine.

Delivers his first State of the Union address.

Directs defenses as Bakhmut comes under intense pressure.

Ukraine defends positions across the eastern front.

Europa Clipper uses Mars for a gravity assist on its journey toward the Jupiter system.

Birth of John Pell

Birth of Caroline of Ansbach, born at Ansbach in Germany, the daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and his second wife, Princess Eleanor Erdmuthe Louise of Saxe-Eisenach

David Niven is born in London.

The future British film actor and soldier is born.

Birth of Joan Ann Hackett

Birth of Roger Daltrey, the same working class neighbourhood that produced fellow Who members Pete Townshend and John Entwistle

Birth of Who vocalist Roger Daltrey.

Birth of John Paul Jones

The Scottish Lutheran is burnt at the stake on the orders of Cardinal Beaton

Wins distincton during the French invasion of the Austrian Netherlands

Dies at Cerro Cora as the War of the Triple Alliance ends.

With a force of 20,000 attacks but defeated by Emperor Meneleks force of 90,000

Frustrates Italian attempts to make Ethiopia a protectorate

Proposes Greek troops help the Allies

Russian forces are trapped & then destroyed