Succession
Jovian & his infant son Varronianus assume the Consulship
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On this date in world history
January 1 in History
This permanent archive page contains 508 World History Database records for January 1, spanning 138 to 2025. Recorded topics include Death of Aelius Caesar; Succession; Invasion of France.
Total: 508Events: 482Births: 7Deaths: 14Battles: 3Coronations: 2Countries: 50
Events on January 1
Invasion of France
Leads an invasion Army across the River Rhine
Marriage
Marries Galla Placida the sister of Emperor Honorius at Narbonne
Succession
Succeeds as King of the Franks
Marriage
Eudokia marries the general Romanos Diogenes, who now became senior co-emperor alongside Michael VII, Konstantios, and another brother, Andronikos
Marriage
Eudokia marries the general Romanos Diogenes, who now became senior co-emperor alongside Michael VII, Konstantios, and another brother, Andronikos
Marriage
While waiting for his execution he was summoned into the presence of the Empress Regent, Eudokia Makrembolitissa, whom he so fascinated that she granted him a free pardon and married him on January 1, 1068
Succession
While waiting for his execution he was summoned into the presence of the Empress Regent, Eudokia Makrembolitissa, whom he so fascinated that she granted him a free pardon and married him on January 1, 1068
Oath
David I & clerical & lay magnates of England accept Matilda as heir
Succession
David I & clerical & lay magnates of England accept Matilda as heir
Succession
The Pope confirms Stephens claim to the English throne
Doge
Appointed as 39th Doge of Venice, Enrico Dandolo is already old and blind, but deeply ambitious, and displays tremendous mental and (for his age) physical strength
Succession
Has a son who lives for only 52 days
Capture of Rhodes
The Turks lose 50,000. Captured after a 6 month siege, once the base of the knights of St John
Siege of Rhodes
The Turks lose 50,000. Captured after a 6 month siege, once the base of the knights of St John
Marriage
Marries Francis Is daughter Madeleine
Marriage
Marries James V
Marriage
Meets Henry VIII for the first time
Marriage
Meets Anne of Cleves for the 1st time. Feels he has been tricked by Cromwell into marrying Anne of Cleves
Health of Henry VIII
Informed by Anthony Denny that he is "not like to live", he refuses to believe it
Metz Defence Succeeds
Imperial siege of Metz fails and Guise's military reputation grows
Lord Chancellor
Appointed Lord Chancellor
Siege of Calais
Begins the siege that leads to the French capture of Calais
Siege of Calais Begins
Guise opens the winter campaign against Calais
Accession
Frederick II succeeds Christian III as King of Denmark and Norway
Astronomiae Pars Optica
Publication of Astronomiae Pars Optica (The Optical Part of Astronomy), describes the astronomical implications of optics such as parallax and the apparent sizes of heavenly bodies
Astronomiae Pars Optica (The Optical Part of Astronomy), describes the astronomical implications of optics such as parallax and the apparent sizes of heavenly bodies
Publication of Astronomiae Pars Optica (The Optical Part of Astronomy), describes the astronomical implications of optics such as parallax and the apparent sizes of heavenly bodies
Discovery of Parallax
Publication of Astronomiae Pars Optica (The Optical Part of Astronomy), describes the astronomical implications of optics such as parallax and the apparent sizes of heavenly bodies
Commons Meets at Guildhall
Pym participates as the Commons temporarily meets in the City for protection.
Civil War
The Covenanter Army gathers at Harlaw, Berwickshire, 18,000 foot & 3,000 horse
Trial
Parliament passes an Ordinance setting up a High Court of Justice to try Charles I
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, Scottish Army
Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief, Scottish Army
Interregnum
Charles II was crowned King of Scots while the English Commonwealth rejected his claim.
Second in Command of Royalists
Appointed 2nd-in-Command to Charles II
Second in Command of Royalists
Appointed 2nd-in-Command to Charles II
Diary
Begins to keep his "Diary"
March from Scotland
Marches south from Scotland, calling for order and a free Parliament.
Cell Observation
Uses the word cell while describing cork structure in Micrographia.
Micrographia
Presides over the Royal Society as Hooke's Micrographia appears.
Micrographia
Publishes Micrographia, presenting microscopic observations and scientific illustrations.
Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets
Halley publishes his cometary calculations and predicts that the comet seen in 1682 will return in 1758.
Invasion of Russia
Charles XII crosses the Vistula at the head of the Swedish army during the Russian campaign.
Congress of Utrecht
The opening day of the peace Congress of Utrecht
Conference of Utrecht
First day of the Utrecht Peace Conference
Reform of Calendar
Officially New Years day for the 1st time, until now the year had begun 25th March
Royal Academy
Opening day of the Royal Academy
HMS Raisonnable
Reports aboard HMS Raisonnable under his uncle Maurice Suckling.
HMS Raisonnable
Receives his nephew Horatio Nelson into naval service aboard HMS Raisonnable.
Education
Begins attending the College of Autun at Brienne
Education
Enters the College of Autun
Daily Universal Register
Publishes the first issue of the Daily Universal Register
Anniversary of Louis XVI Execution
Billaud-Varenne supported official commemoration of the execution of Louis XVI as a republican political anniversary.
Act of Union
The Act of Union of Great Britain & Ireland comes into effect
Act of Union
The Act of Union of Great Britain & Ireland comes into effect. The Act of Union of Great Britain & Ireland becomes effective
Constitution of Great Britain
The new state is to be called the United Kingdom. The Act of Union of Great Britain & Ireland becomes effective. Ireland will send 4 spiritual Lords & 28 temporal peers to Westminster. Ireland is to send 100 MPs to Westminster. Churches are united into a single Protestant Episcopal Church
Legislation
The Act of Union of Great Britain & Ireland comes into effect
Protestant Episcopal Church
Churches are united into a single Protestant Episcopal Church
Unification
The Act of Union of Great Britain & Ireland comes into effect
Vice Admiral
Is promoted vice admiral before the Baltic campaign.
Head of Confederation
Appointed Head of the Confederation, 1st term
Head of Confederation
Appointed Head of the Confederation
Head of Confederation
Appointed Head of the Confederation
Head of Confederation
Appointed Head of the Confederation, 1st term
Head of Confederation
Appointed Head of the Confederation
Head of Confederation
Appointed Head of the Confederation, 2nd term
Head of Confederation
Appointed Head of the Confederation, 2nd term
Head of Confederation
Appointed Head of the Confederation, 2nd term
Head of Confederation
Appointed Head of the Confederation, 2nd term
Head of Confederation
Appointed Head of the Confederation, 2nd term
Wallachian Uprising
Launches an uprising against Phanariot rule.
Independence Declared
The First National Assembly declares independence and adopts the provisional constitution at Epidaurus.
Discovery of Antarctica
Charts a long stretch of Antarctic coastline later associated with Wilkes Land, strengthening the case for Antarctica as a continent
Ban on the Leipziger Allgemeine Zeitung
Publishes the opening instalment of an article opposing the ban on the Leipziger Allgemeine Zeitung.
President of Switzerland
Appointed President of the Diet, 1st term
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation freeing enslaved people in rebellious areas
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln issues the final Emancipation Proclamation
Foreign Neutrality
Emancipation policy makes foreign recognition of the Confederacy less likely
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Slavery
Emancipation Proclamation changes the Civil War into a war for Union and freedom
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Occupation of Asuncion
Leads Allied forces into Asuncion during the final phase of the war.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Bundesprasidium
The federal constitution establishes a constitutional monarchy with the Prussian King as the bearer of the Bundesprasidium, or head of state
Constitution
Laws can only be enabled with the consent of the Reichstag (a Parliament based on universal male suffrage) and the Federal Council (a representation of the states)
Constitution
The federal constitution establishes a constitutional monarchy with the Prussian King as the bearer of the Bundesprasidium, or head of state
Constitution
The North German Confederation adopts a new constitution, which was written under the title of a new "German Confederation" but already gave it the name "German Empire"
German Empire
The North German Confederation adopts a new constitution, which was written under the title of a new "German Confederation" but already gave it the name "German Empire"
North German Confederation
Laws can only be enabled with the consent of the Reichstag (a Parliament based on universal male suffrage) and the Federal Council (a representation of the states)
North German Confederation
The North German Confederation adopts a new constitution, which was written under the title of a new "German Confederation" but already gave it the name "German Empire"
North German Confederation
The south German states of Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, Wurttemberg and Bavaria join the North German Confederation
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Unification
The North German Confederation adopts a new constitution, which was written under the title of a new "German Confederation" but already gave it the name "German Empire"
Unification
The south German states of Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, Wurttemberg and Bavaria join the North German Confederation
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Field Marshal
Appointed Field Marshal
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Legislation
Passes the Conscription Act for all levels of Russian Society. Men are liable to service at the age of 20 with each district providing a quota
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Reform of Armed Forces
Passes the Conscription Act for all levels of Russian Society. Men are liable to service at the age of 20 with each district providing a quota
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Resumption of Specie Payments
The Treasury resumes redemption of United States notes in gold at par.
Specie Payments
The Treasury resumes gold redemption of United States notes at the established parity.
Canal Promoter
Ceremonially begins the French attempt to build the Panama Canal
Canal Promoter
French company begins work on a canal across Panama
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Droz Heads Confederation
Serves as Switzerland's federal president during 1881.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Swiss Presidency
Begins his term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Bavier Leads Federal Council
Bavier serves as Switzerland's federal president during 1882.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Swiss Presidency Begins
Begins his term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Rule of India
Declared Empress of India by Disraeli
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Jameson Raid
Around noon the Jameson force is around twenty miles further on, at Krugersdorp, where a small force of Boer soldiers had blocked the road to Johannesburg and digs in
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Comptroller of Currency
Appointed Comptroller of the Currency by President McKinley.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Colesberg Operations
French presses Boer positions around Colesberg with mobile cavalry tactics intended to threaten their flanks.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Commonwealth
The Commonwealth of Australia is established
Commonwealth of Australia
The Commonwealth of Australia is established
Independence of Australia
The Commonwealth of Australia is established. Appointed the 1st Prime Minister of an independent Australia
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Prime Minister of Australia
Appointed Prime Minister of Australia
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Siege of Port Arthur
Russia offers terms of surrender at Port Arthur to Japan
Opposition Advocacy
Advocates constitutional reform after the 1905 revolution.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
South Pole
Shackletons ship, the Nimrod, leaves Port Lyttlelton for the South Pole
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Knighthood
Knighted for humanitarian work in the Congo & Brazil.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Calendar
Abolishes the 10 day lunar calendar for the western calendar with weeks of 7 days
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Reform of Calendar
Abolishes the 10 day lunar calendar for the western calendar with weeks of 7 days
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
HMS Formidable Loss Assessed
The Admiralty assesses the loss of HMS Formidable after the battleship is torpedoed by U-24.
Western Front
Suggests an attack on Turkey or Austria to end the deadlock in western front
Commander of 6th Royal Scots
Appointed Commander of the 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers, battalion of the 9th Division
Commander of 6th Royal Scots
Appointed Commander of the 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers, battalion of the 9th Division
General
Appointed Commander of the new 10th army following the dissolution of his army-group in anticipation of the Tyrol Offensive
General
Appointed Commander of the new 10th army following the dissolution of his army-group in anticipation of the Tyrol Offensive
Generaloberst
Having overseen the successful defense of the Corinthian frontier, Rohr was promoted to the rank of Generaloberst
Generaloberst
Having overseen the successful defense of the Corinthian frontier, Rohr was promoted to the rank of Generaloberst
Major
Informed he will command the 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Tenth Army
Appointed Commander of the new 10th army following the dissolution of his army-group in anticipation of the Tyrol Offensive
Arrest of David Lloyd George
Arrested for a plot to murder Lloyd George on a golf course
Assassination of David Lloyd George
The Wheeldon family is arrested for the attempted murder of Lloyd George
Field Marshal
Public announcement of Haigs promotion to Field Marshal
Field Marshal
Public announcement of Haigs promotion to Field Marshal
Mining of Heligoland
Proposes mining the Heligoland Blight with 80,000 mines, publicly announced 23rd Jan
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Conference of Brest Litovsk
Ukrainian nationalists have separate peace talks with the Germans
Independence of Russia
Ukrainian nationalists have separate peace talks with the Germans
Independence of Ukraine
Ukrainian nationalists have separate peace talks with the Germans
Plot
A failed attempt is made on Lenins life
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Volkerfiede, Der
"under the editorship of Karl Radek for free distribution among our German brothers". Die Fackel is renamed der Volkerfriede
Volunteer Army Command
Assumes leading command in the anti-Bolshevik Volunteer Army.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Seventeenth Infantry Brigade Cork Appointment
Becomes brigade major of 17th Infantry Brigade at Victoria Barracks during the Irish conflict.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Extragalactic Nature of Spiral Nebulae
Hubble's results on Cepheid variables in spiral nebulae are formally presented at a joint meeting of the American Astronomical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Independence of Syria
The Peoples Party demands independence. France agrees to the unity of Damascus & Aleppo with a French high commissioner
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Constitution of China
The Nationalist political center develops at Wuhan during the early 1927 phase of the Northern Expedition.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Inauguration
The NSDAP HQ is inaugurated
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Second Five Year Plan
Stalin launches the Second Five-Year Plan, emphasizing heavy industry, transport, steel, coal and continued central planning.
Legislation
Sterilization measures come into effect to prevent hereditary illness
Letter
Thanked by Hitler for "services rendered to the National Socialist movement"
National Socialism
Thanked by Hitler for "services rendered to the National Socialist movement"
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Abwehr
Appointed head of the German armed forces intelligence
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Tribune
Helps launch Tribune as a socialist weekly.
Lieutenant General
Appointed Lieutenant General
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
General
Appointed General of the Artillery
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Reform of Royal Succession
Jews have to add the name Israel to their signature
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Agreement on Any seperate peace with Germany or Japan
The pact of the "United Nations" is signed in Washington by 26 nations, they commit themselve to not agree to any seperate peace with Germany or Japan
Agreement on Any seperate peace with Germany or Japan
The pact of the "United Nations" is signed in Washington by 26 nations, they commit themselve to not agree to any seperate peace with Germany or Japan
Invasion of Greece
Negotiations begin for passage through Bulgaria to reach Greece & Russia
Invasion of Russia
Negotiations begin for passage of troops through Bulgaria to reach Greece & Russia
Operation Barbarossa
Negotiations begin for passage of troops through Bulgaria to reach Greece & Russia
Pact between 26 United Nations Signatories
The pact of the "United Nations" is signed in Washington by 26 nations, they commit themselve to not agree to any seperate peace with Germany or Japan
Pact between 26 United Nations Signatories
The pact of the "United Nations" is signed in Washington by 26 nations, they commit themselve to not agree to any seperate peace with Germany or Japan
Pact between 26 United Nations Signatories
The pact of the "United Nations" is signed in Washington by 26 nations, they commit themselve to not agree to any seperate peace with Germany or Japan
Pact between 26 United Nations Signatories
The pact of the "United Nations" is signed in Washington by 26 nations, they commit themselve to not agree to any seperate peace with Germany or Japan
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
United Nations
The pact of the "United Nations" is signed in Washington by 26 nations, they commit themselve to not agree to any seperate peace with Germany or Japan
United Nations
The pact of the "United Nations" is signed in Washington by 26 nations, they commit themselve to not agree to any seperate peace with Germany or Japan
Atlantic Charter
Reaffirms the Atlantic Charter and a pledge against separate peace.
Atlantic Charter
Signs the Declaration by United Nations in Washington.
Atlantic Charter
Accepts the common programme embodied in the Atlantic Charter.
Atlantic Charter
Signs the Declaration by United Nations for the Soviet Union.
Atlantic Charter
Helps transform the charter's principles into a wider Allied commitment.
Atlantic Charter
Signs the Declaration by United Nations incorporating Atlantic Charter principles.
Atlantic Charter
China joins the major Allies in affirming Atlantic Charter principles.
Atlantic Charter
Signs the Declaration by United Nations for China.
Commander of Eighty 6th Infantry Division
While on the Eastern Front, Weidling is appointed to Commander of the 86th Infantry Division
Commander of Eighty 6th Infantry Division
While on the Eastern Front, Weidling is appointed to Commander of the 86th Infantry Division
Conference of Washington
Declaration 26 not to conclude a separate armistice, becomes the basis for the foundation of the United Nations
Conference of Washington
Declaration 26 not to conclude a separate armistice, becomes the basis for the foundation of the United Nations. 26 Allied countries sign the United Nations Declaration following the principles of the Atlantic Charter
Conference of Washington
An allied pact becomes the United Nations
Conference of Washington
Declaration by 26 Allies not to conclude a separate armistice. An allied pact becomes the United Nations
Conference of Washington
A pact made at the Washington Conference becomes the nucleus of the United Nations
Conference of Washington
Declaration by 26 Allies not to conclude a separate armistice. A pact made at the Washington Conference becomes the nucleus of the United Nations
Declaration of Allies
Declaration by 26 Allies not to conclude a separate armistice, the pact becomes the UN
Peace
China joins the United States, Britain, Soviet Union and other Allies in the Declaration by United Nations, pledging not to make a separate peace.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Treaty of Peace-Allies
Declaration 26 by Allies not to conclude a separate armistice becomes basis for the UN
United Nations
Declaration by 26 Allies not to conclude a separate armistice, the pact becomes the UN. Declaration 26 by Allies not to conclude a separate armistice becomes basis for the UN
United Nations
Declaration by 26 Allies not to conclude a separate armistice, the pact becomes the UN. A pact made at the Washington Conference becomes the nucleus of the United Nations
Lieutenant General
Promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General (Generalleutnant)
Lieutenant General
Promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General (Generalleutnant)
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Polish National Council
Founds the Polish National Council to establish communist rule in Poland
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Prime Minister of Poland
Appointed Prime Minister of Poland
Constitution of Japan
Issues an Imperial Rescript rejecting Japanese racial superiority. Issues an Imperial Rescript denying his divinity
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Atomic Energy Commission
The United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) is an agency of the United States Government established after World War II by Congress to foster and control the peacetime development of atomic science and technology
Canadian Citizenship Act
Helps introduce distinct Canadian citizenship.
Constitution Promulgated
Promulgates the new Constitution of the Republic of China, which is scheduled to take effect later in the year.
Nationalisation of Cable and Wireless
Cable and Wireless enters public ownership under the postwar nationalisation programme.
Nationalisation of Coal
The National Coal Board assumes ownership of Britain's coal mines on Vesting Day.
Nationalization
The coal industry is nationalised
Occupation
The American and British occupation zones in Germany are economically joined together
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Nationalisation of Transport
Railways and long-distance road haulage transfer to the British Transport Commission.
President of Italy
Appointed President of Italy
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Kashmir Ceasefire
A United Nations-backed ceasefire takes effect in Jammu and Kashmir between Indian and Pakistani forces.
Kashmir Ceasefire Line
The ceasefire leaves Jammu and Kashmir divided between Indian and Pakistani-administered areas.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Capture of Seoul
Chinese forces capture Seoul, the capitol of South Korea
Invasion of Korea
400,000 Chinese & 100,000 North Koreans open a major offenisive
Invasion of Korea
400,000 Chinese & 100,000 North Koreans open a major offenisive
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
Constitutional Reform
I participates in constitutional reform connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
President of Switzerland
Begins a one-year term as President of the Swiss Confederation.
EEC Treaty Enters into Force
Heads the Federal German government when the Treaty of Rome enters into force and the EEC begins operating.
EEC Treaty Enters into Force
Heads the Italian government when the Treaty of Rome enters into force and the EEC begins operating.
Treaty of Rome
Drees's cabinet enters 1958 with the common-market and Euratom treaties now legally operative in the Netherlands.
Capture of Santiago
Santiago de Cuba surrenders as Batista's regime collapses.
Capture of Santiago
Takes control of Santiago after Batista flees.
Capture of Santiago
Santiago de Cuba surrenders as Batista's regime collapses.
Capture of Santiago
Surrenders Santiago without a major fight.
Flight from Cuba
Flees Cuba as the revolution succeeds.
Launch
1st unmanned space probe is launched, Luna I
Peace Effort After Batista Flight
After Batista leaves Cuba, Cantillo assumes command of the armed forces and tells the United States ambassador that he intends to seek peace with Castro's movement.
Revolutionary General Strike
After Batista leaves Cuba, Castro calls for a general strike while the 26th of July Movement demands the army's unconditional surrender and a revolutionary transfer of power.
Revolutionary Victory
Overthrown by Fidel Castro
Revolutionary Victory
Castro's forces enter Havana after Batista flees Cuba.
Beatles, The
The Beatles make their debut at the Cavern Club
Reform of Currency
The farthing ceases to be legal tender
General Counsel
Serves as general counsel to the Warren Commission and directs much of its staff investigation.
Land Day
Fatah attack of the Israeli Water System
PDPA
Helps establishes the Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan
Canada Pension Plan
Introduces the Canada Pension Plan.
Humphrey Visit
Receives US Vice President Hubert Humphrey during his visit to Taiwan.
Break On Through
Releases Break On Through as a debut single.
Constitution of Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia becomes a two state federation
Khalq Faction
Leads the Khalq faction within the PDPA, named after a party Leninist newspaper
Nationalization
The National Bus Company begins operation under the transport reorganisation created by the Transport Act.
Nationalization
The National Freight Corporation begins operation as part of the Labour Government's public transport reorganisation
Second Cernik Government
Begins the Second Cernik Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Accuses Russia of fascist dictatorship
Accuses Russia of "fascist dictatorship"
Fascist Dictatorship
Accuses Russia of "fascist dictatorship"
National Environmental Policy Act
NEPA bears the imprint of legislation championed by Senator Henry Jackson
National Environmental Policy Act
Signs the National Environmental Policy Act
Federation of Arab Republics
Libya joins Egypt and Syria in the Federation of Arab Republics.
General Secretary
Appointed General Secretary of the United Nations
Internal Security
The staff of the US Senate Internal Security Subcommittee of the Judiciary Committee prepares a memo about John Lennons involvement with such radicals as Jerry Rubin, Abbie Hoffman and Rennie Davis
Kraftwerk 2
Releases Kraftwerk 2 as the band continues its experimental instrumental phase.
Kraftwerk 2
Develops flute, rhythm box and electronic textures on Kraftwerk 2.
Britain Joins European Communities
Britain officially becomes a member of the EU
European Communities
Welcomes Britain's entry into the European Communities.
European Communities Membership
Britain enters the European Communities after long political debate.
European Communities Membership
Britain enters the European Communities under Heath's government.
European Communities Membership
Leads Ireland as membership of the European Communities formally begins.
First Community Enlargement
France welcomed Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom into the European Communities, increasing membership from six to nine.
First EEC Enlargement
Heads the Italian government as Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom join the European Communities.
First EEC Enlargement
Heads the German government as Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom join the European Communities.
Ireland Joins European Communities
Heads the government when Ireland becomes a member of the European Communities.
Treaty of Accession
Leads Britain when the accession treaty enters into force and European Communities membership begins.
Treaty of Accession
Jorgensen heads Denmark on 1 January 1973, when the country's Community accession becomes legally effective.
Treaty of Accession
Leads Ireland as the accession treaty becomes effective and European Communities membership starts.
Criticize Lin Criticize Confucius
Jiang Qing promotes the campaign to criticise Lin Biao and Confucius
Criticize Lin Criticize Confucius
Yao Wenyuan writes propaganda linking attacks on Confucius with current political struggles
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Takes up office as the leader of the Northern Ireland Assembly
Retirement
In total Best had made 466 appearances for Manchester United in all competitions from 1963 to 1974, and scored 178 goals (including six in one game against fourth division Northampton Town). Bests last competitive igame for Manchester United against Queens Park Rangers at Loftus Road
Three Day Week
Implements the Three Day Week as Britain limits commercial electricity use to conserve power during the miners dispute.
Three Day Week
Implements the Three Day Week to conserve electricity during the miners dispute.
Three-Day Week
Commercial electricity use is restricted to three consecutive days during the miners' dispute.
First Irish EEC Presidency
Begins Ireland's first Presidency of the Council only two years after joining the Community.
Nationalization
The iron ore industry is nationalized before the oil sector is brought under state ownership
Watergate Cover-Up Conviction
Is convicted in the Watergate cover-up trial of conspiracy to obstruct justice, obstruction of justice and perjury.
Watergate Cover-Up Trial
Is acquitted while other defendants in the Watergate cover-up trial are convicted.
Watergate Seven
Acquitted of all charges.
Nationalization
The oil industry is nationalized and PDVSA begins operating as the state oil company
PDVSA
Petroleos de Venezuela began operations as the state holding company for the nationalized petroleum industry.
Border Attacks
Khmer Rouge launch attacks on Vietnamese border villages
Charter 77
Helps launch Charter 77 for human rights.
Exclusion Zone
Britains new 200 mile fishing zone comes into effect
PRK State Leadership
Heng Samrin continues as head of state of the People's Republic of Kampuchea
European Community Membership
Greece becomes a member of the European Communities during Rallis's premiership.
Greece Joins European Communities
Heads the government when Greece becomes the tenth member of the European Communities.
Greek EEC Membership Takes Effect
Serves as president when Greece enters the European Communities as their tenth member state.
President Takes Office
Diouf becomes President after Senghor resigns
Prime Minister Takes Office
Habib Thiam becomes Prime Minister under President Diouf
Treaty of Accession
Serves as Foreign Minister when Greece's membership of the European Communities formally begins.
Treaty of Accession
Heads Greece when the accession treaty enters into force and the country becomes the tenth Community member.
Reconstruction Government
Chan Sy continues as Prime Minister during reconstruction and Vietnamese military presence
AT&T Divestiture
AT&T separates its local telephone companies under the antitrust settlement.
France gets its 1st delivery of Soviet natural gas
France gets its 1st delivery of Soviet natural gas
France gets its 1st delivery of Soviet natural gas
France gets its 1st delivery of Soviet natural gas
FIG
A Fraud Investigation Group is established to strengthen the investigation of serious financial and commercial fraud.
Portugal Joins European Community
Portugal becomes the 12th member of the EU
Southern Enlargement Completed
Heads the German government as Spain and Portugal join the European Communities, expanding membership to twelve.
Spain and Portugal Join Communities
Delors welcomed Spain and Portugal as Community members, expanding the European Communities to twelve states.
Spain Joins European Community
Apain becomes the 11th member of the EU
Treaty of Accession
Heads Portugal when the accession treaty enters into force and the country joins the European Communities.
Treaty of Accession
Gonzalez leads Spain into the European Communities as the 1985 treaty takes legal effect on New Year's Day.
Bombing of Pam Am Flight 103
Thatcher distances herself from US vows to punish whoever bombed Pam Am Flight 103, saying in a TV interview that revenge "can affect innocent people"
Thatcher distances herself from US vows to punish whoever bombed Pam Am
Thatcher distances herself from US vows to punish whoever bombed Pam Am Flight 103, saying in a TV interview that revenge "can affect innocent people"
1st Black NYC Mayor
Appointed Mayor of New York, 1st black NYC Mayor
Fourth Irish EEC Presidency
Begins Ireland's fourth Council Presidency during a period of rapid political change in Europe.
Mayor
Appointed Mayor of New York, 1st black NYC Mayor
Voyager Interstellar Mission Begins
The Voyager Interstellar Mission formally begins after completion of the spacecrafts' planetary encounters.
Economy of Czech Rep
Prices are freed in the Czech Rep
General Secretary
Appointed GeneralSecretary of the United Nations
End of First Klaus Government
The First Klaus Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czech Republic.
Independence of Slovakia
Slovakia becomes an independent state.
Independent Czech Republic
The Czech Republic becomes an independent state.
Pre-Election Transition
Chea Sim continues as head of state before the 1993 election settlement
Second Klaus Government
Begins the Second Klaus Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czech Republic.
Single Market Launch
Heads the Italian government when the European single market begins operating with four freedoms.
Single Market Launch
The European single market began with free movement goals covering goods, services, people and capital.
European Economic Area Launch
The European Economic Area extended much of the single market to participating EFTA countries.
NAFTA
Implements the North American Free Trade Agreement in Canada.
Third Greek EU Presidency
Begins Greece's third rotating Council Presidency and its first under the European Union.
Third Greek EU Presidency
Papoulias coordinates ministerial diplomacy during Greece's 1994 Presidency, which culminates in the Corfu summit.
European Union Enlargement
Heads the Irish government as Austria, Finland and Sweden join the European Union.
Fourth Enlargement
Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the European Union as the Delors Commission approached the end of its mandate.
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil, 1st term
Treaty of Accession
Aho leads Finland into the European Union when the Corfu accession settlement takes effect.
Treaty of Accession
Leads Sweden when the accession treaty takes effect and Swedish membership of the European Union starts.
Treaty of Accession
Vranitzky presides over Austria's first day as an EU member following implementation of the Corfu accession treaty.
World Trade Organization Membership
India becomes a founding member of the World Trade Organization.
Governor
Appointed Governor of General of St Kitts
President of Switzerland
Appointed President of Switzerland
General Secretary
Appointed GeneralSecretary of the United Nations
Constitutional Reform
Rifai participates in constitutional reform connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
President of Pakistan
Muhammad Rafiq Tarar becomes President of Pakistan.
Scandal
Jack Straws son is exposed for selling cannabis
Scandal
Jack Straws son is exposed for selling cannabis
Euro Introduced
Heads the government when the euro becomes Ireland's currency for electronic payments and accounting.
Euro Introduced
Heads the Italian government when the euro becomes Italy's currency for electronic payments and accounting.
Euro Introduced
Heads the German government when the euro becomes Germany's currency for electronic payments and accounting.
Euro Introduction
Leads Ireland when the euro becomes the national currency for electronic and accounting purposes.
Euro Launch
France adopted the euro for accounting and electronic transactions when the single currency was launched.
Euro Monetary Union Begins
Serves as finance minister when Germany enters the third stage of economic and monetary union.
Euro Monetary Union Begins
Oversees Irish fiscal policy as Ireland enters the third stage of economic and monetary union.
President of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Appointed President of the Federation of Bosnia & Herzegovina, 1st term
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil, 2nd term
President of Switzerland
Appointed President of Switzerland
ECCC Planning
Plans continue for a Khmer Rouge tribunal
Millennium Dome Opens
The Millennium Dome opens at Greenwich for the national millennium exhibition.
President of Switzerland
Appointed President of Switzerland
Acting Mayor of Amsterdam
Takes office as Acting Mayor of Amsterdam.
End of Mayoral Term
Leaves office as Mayor of Amsterdam.
Greece Adopts Euro
Greece enters the euro area under Simitis, becoming its twelfth participating state.
President of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Appointed President of the Federation of Bosnia & Herzegovina, 2nd term
President of Switzerland
Appointed President of Switzerland
Secretary General of OPEC
Appointed Secretary General of OPEC
Euro Banknotes and Coins Introduced
Greece introduces euro cash after joining the euro area.
Euro Cash Changeover
Leads the government as euro banknotes and coins replace the Irish pound in everyday use.
Euro Cash Changeover
Euro banknotes and coins entered circulation in France and eleven other participating countries.
Euro Cash Changeover
Oversees the physical currency changeover from the drachma to euro notes and coins.
Euro Cash Changeover
Oversees Germany's fiscal administration as euro notes and coins enter circulation.
Euro Cash Changeover
Oversees the physical currency changeover from Irish pounds to euro notes and coins.
Euro Cash Changeover
Oversees Italy's financial administration as euro notes and coins enter circulation.
Euro Cash Introduction
Heads the government when euro banknotes and coins replace the Irish pound in everyday use.
Euro Cash Introduction
Heads the Italian government when euro banknotes and coins replace the lira in everyday cash use.
Euro Cash Introduction
Heads the German government when euro banknotes and coins replace the Deutsche Mark in everyday cash use.
Euro Cash Introduction
Heads the Greek government when euro banknotes and coins replace the drachma in everyday use.
Reform of Government
Millions of Germans acquire Euros
Fourth Greek EU Presidency
Papandreou steers foreign-policy work during the 2003 Greek Presidency, including enlargement and Western Balkan priorities.
Fourth Greek EU Presidency
Begins Greece's fourth rotating Council Presidency with enlargement and Balkan integration among its priorities.
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil, 1st term
Quote
"I wish I had never said anything about being a virgin"
President of Iraq
Appointed President of the Governing Council
President of Switzerland
Appointed President of Switzerland
Presidential Confirmation
The electoral college vote constitutionally deems Musharraf elected President.
Sixth Irish EU Presidency
Begins Ireland's sixth Council Presidency with enlargement and constitutional negotiations as central priorities.
Sixth Irish EU Presidency
Directs Irish diplomatic work during the first half of the 2004 Presidency.
Vice President
Appointed Vice President of Switzerland
Vote of Confidence
Musharraf receives a vote of confidence from the federal and provincial electoral college.
German EU Council Presidency
Begins Germany's Council Presidency as foreign minister, supporting work to revive European treaty reform.
Irish Becomes EU Official Language
Heads the government when Irish becomes an official and working language of the European Union.
Irish Becomes EU Official Language
Serves as Foreign Minister when Irish receives official and working language status in the Union.
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil, 2nd term
Romania Joins European Union
Tariceanu leads the government as Romania becomes a European Union member.
Treaty of Accession
Stanishev heads Bulgaria on its accession date as the 2005 Luxembourg treaty becomes legally operative.
Treaty of Accession
Tariceanu heads Romania on 1 January 2007 as the country's European Union membership formally starts.
CBE
Appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours
Euro Adoption
Slovakia adopts the euro currency.
Independence of Iraq
The Iraqi Government takes control of the Green Zone, the heavily fortified area that houses the offices and homes of most American and Iraqi Government officials
President of Switzerland
Appointed President of Switzerland
President of Switzerland
Appointed President of Switzerland
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil, 1st term
Knighthood for Criminal Justice Services
Starmer receives a knighthood for services to law and criminal justice.
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil, 2nd term
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Implementation
Begins implementation of major tax cuts passed in late 2017.
Arrokoth Flyby
New Horizons flies past Arrokoth, completing the most distant close reconnaissance of a Solar System object ever attempted.
President of Brazil
Inaugurated as President of Brazil.
Trade and Cooperation Agreement Applies
The UK EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement begins provisional application.
Makiivka Strike
Ukrainian strike kills Russian troops housed in Makiivka.
President of Brazil
Appointed President of Brazil, 3rd term
Booker Prize Aftermath
Orbital continues global attention after its Booker Prize win.
Full Schengen Accession
Ciolacu leads the government when internal land-border checks are removed.
Births on January 1
Birth of a Son
Birth of a son who lives just 2 months
Birth of Henry of Richmond
Birth of Henry of Richmond, son of Henry VIII
Birth of son
First Son, born at Richmond Palace, the Duke of Cornwall
Birth of who lives for only 52 days
Has a son who lives for only 52 days
Birth of Edward Morgan Forster
Birth of Edward Morgan Forster
Birth of Jerome David Salinger
Birth of Jerome David Salinger
Birth of Ahmed Yassin
Birth of Ahmed Yassin in the British Mandate of Palestine
Deaths on January 1
Death of Aelius Caesar
Dies before succeeding Hadrian.
Death of Charles III the Simple
After Odos death the Carolingian Charles is fully recognised as King of France
Death of Eudes
Death of Eudes
Death of Edward IV
Edwards ally, the Duke of Burgundy, dies without an heir, Louis XI claims his lands. Burgundys daughter Mary & stepmother Margaret of York turn to Edward for help
Death of Louis XII
Death of Louis XII, succeeded by his cousin & son-in-law Francis, Count of Angouleme
Death of Margaret
Death of Louis XII, 2 months after his marriage to Margaret
Death of Christian III
Christian III dies and the Danish throne passes to Frederick II
Death of James Stewart
Death of James Stewart, "the Old Pretender"
Death of Alfred Graf von Schlieffen
Death of Alfred Graf von Schlieffen
Death of Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
Death of Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
Death of Alfred Duff Cooper
Death of Alfred Duff Cooper
Death of George Clarke Simpson
Death of George Clarke Simpson
Death of Alexis Korner
Death of Alexis Korner, a lifelong smoker, of lung cancer
Death of Gerhard Schroder
Death of Gerhard Schroder
Battles on January 1
Battle of Carham
Owen of Strathclyde supports Malcolm II against Northumbrian forces at Carham and is later remembered as a key Scottish ally.
Battle of Krugerdorp
Defeated by the Boers
Battle of Binh Gia
Viet Cong and PAVN forces complete the Battle of Binh Gia after inflicting heavy losses on South Vietnamese troops
Coronations on January 1
Coronation
Refuses to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn
Coronation
Given a Presbyterian Coronation at Scone