Henry VII
Birth of Edmund Tudor
Much Hadham
Edmund Tudor, later father of Henry VII, is born to Catherine of Valois and Owen Tudor.
House · House of Tudor
Tudor monarch
Henry VII: Reign, Timeline and Events
Explore records from the reign of Henry VII, founder of the Tudor royal dynasty, from his accession in 1485 to his death in 1509.
Henry VII and the foundation of Tudor rule
Henry VII’s reign begins with the establishment of a new dynasty after 1485 and includes repeated challenges to Tudor security, the management of Yorkist rivals and pretenders, dynastic marriage policy, diplomacy and the consolidation of royal authority.
Place these records in the wider Tudor timeline, follow Henry’s descendants in the Tudor family tree, or compare the security threats of the reign with the wider archive of Tudor plots and rebellions.
· World History Database Tudor archive.
775historical records
68years represented
5named people
121places represented
Browse the Tudor static archive
1430 · 1 record
1456 · 1 record
Henry VII
Death of Edmund Tudor
Carmarthen Castle
Henry's father Edmund Tudor dies before his son's birth, leaving Margaret Beaufort pregnant with the future king.
House · House of Tudor
1457 · 2 records
Henry VII
Birth of Henry VII
Pembroke Castle
Henry VII is born at Pembroke Castle, the son of Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beaufort.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Guardianship by Jasper Tudor
Pembroke
Jasper Tudor assumes responsibility for the infant Henry and protects his dynastic interests during the Wars of the Roses.
House · House of Tudor
1461 · 1 record
Henry VII
Wardship under William Herbert
Pembroke
Edward IV places Henry Tudor under William Herbert's guardianship, bringing the Lancastrian child into a Yorkist household.
House · House of Tudor
1469 · 1 record
Henry VII
End of Herbert Guardianship
Northamptonshire
William Herbert's execution after the Battle of Edgecote ends the household arrangement that had governed Henry Tudor's childhood.
House · House of Tudor
1471 · 2 records
Henry VII
Exile of Henry VII
Brittany
Becomes leader of the Lancastrians & forced into Brittany after the death of Henry VI
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Refuge in Brittany
Brittany
Francis II of Brittany grants Henry Tudor and Jasper Tudor refuge, beginning Henry's long continental exile.
House · House of Tudor
1476 · 1 record
Henry VII
Failed Extradition to England
Brittany
A proposed handover of Henry Tudor to Edward IV fails, allowing him to remain under Breton protection.
House · House of Tudor
1483 · 1 record
Henry VII
Marriage Pledge to Elizabeth of York
Rennes
At Rennes, Henry Tudor publicly promises to marry Elizabeth of York if he secures the English crown.
House · House of Tudor
1484 · 4 records
Henry VII
Escape from Brittany
France
Pressure on Brittany from Richard III helps drive Henry Tudor into France, where he continues preparing a challenge for the throne.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor VII
Exile of Henry Tudor
France
Henry Tudor gathers support in France after avoiding attempts to return him to Richard III's control.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Exile of Henry VII
Paris
Henry Tudor escapes to Paris
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Kidnap
Henry Tudor is warned that Breton officials may hand him to Richard III and prepares to escape to France.
House · House of Tudor
1485 · 20 records
Henry VII
Accession Dated before Bosworth
London
Henry dates his reign from 21 August, enabling the crown to treat men fighting for Richard III at Bosworth as traitors.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VII
Battle of Bosworth Field
Bosworth Field
Henry defeats Richard III at Bosworth Field after invading England from exile, securing the throne and establishing the Tudor dynasty.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Date Proclaimed
London
Henry announces that his coronation will take place at Westminster at the end of October, giving officials time to organise the new Tudor ceremony.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Entry before Coronation
London
Henry enters London in formal state before travelling toward Westminster, presenting the victorious Tudor claimant as the accepted king.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Vigil at Westminster
Westminster
Henry spends the eve of his crowning within the traditional Westminster ceremonial setting before entering the Abbey for the rite.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Crowned King of England, 1st Tudor monarch
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Banquet at Westminster Hall
Westminster Hall
A ceremonial banquet follows the Abbey service, allowing nobles and officers to display allegiance to the new Tudor king.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Communion Received
Westminster Abbey
Henry receives communion as part of the religious service that completes the spiritual dimension of the coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Homage Received
Westminster Abbey
Senior nobles render homage after the crowning, publicly acknowledging Henry's authority over the realm.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Oath Sworn
Westminster Abbey
Henry takes the coronation oath, publicly accepting the religious and political obligations attached to kingship.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Recess from Abbey
Westminster Abbey
The newly crowned king leaves the Abbey in state wearing royal regalia and proceeds toward the coronation feast.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Recognition Rite
Westminster Abbey
The congregation formally recognises Henry as king before the sacred stages of anointing, investiture and crowning proceed.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Crowning with St Edward's Crown
Westminster Abbey
Henry is crowned in Westminster Abbey, completing the formal inauguration of the first Tudor monarch.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Investiture with Coronation Regalia
Westminster Abbey
Henry receives the traditional regalia of kingship, including the ceremonial symbols of temporal and spiritual authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Anointing at Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Henry is anointed during the sacred central rite that marks the monarch as consecrated before God.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Post-Coronation Royal Council
Westminster
Henry begins consolidating government immediately after the ceremony, using the completed coronation to reinforce the legitimacy of Tudor rule.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
First Tudor Parliament Assembles
Westminster
Henry VII summons his first Parliament to consolidate the new regime after Bosworth and establish a statutory basis for Tudor government.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Title Confirmed by Parliament
Westminster
Henry's first Parliament recognises his royal title after Bosworth, strengthening the legal and political basis of the new Tudor dynasty.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Titulus Regius Repealed
Westminster
Parliament repeals Richard III's Titulus Regius, restoring the legitimacy of Edward IV's children and strengthening Elizabeth of York's dynastic position.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Tonnage and Poundage Granted for Life
Westminster
Parliament grants Henry customs revenue from tonnage and poundage for life, providing the new monarch with a dependable source of ordinary income.
House · House of Tudor
1486 · 8 records
Henry VII
Marriage
London
Unites the Houses of Lancaster & York. Marries Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Marriage
Westminster Abbey
Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York, uniting the Tudor claim with the senior Yorkist line.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Council
London
John Morton becomes one of Henry VII's most influential councillors and later serves as Archbishop of Canterbury.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Sanctuary Claim Challenged
London
Henry VII challenges the rebels' attempt to use sanctuary after armed resistance, asserting royal authority over men accused of treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Birth of Prince Arthur
Winchester
Prince Arthur, Henry VII's eldest son and heir, is born at Winchester.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
First Yorkist Rising Suppressed
England
Henry VII suppresses the Stafford and Lovell rising quickly, demonstrating that scattered Yorkist resistance lacks the strength for a sustained national rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Northern Royal Progress
Northern England
Henry tours northern England to display royal authority and secure obedience in regions formerly associated with Richard III.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VII
Stafford Sanctuary Arrest
Abingdon
Henry VII orders Humphrey Stafford removed from sanctuary after the rebellion, asserting royal authority over a fugitive accused of armed treason.
House · House of Tudor
1487 · 4 records
Henry VII
Battle of Stoke Field
Stoke Field
Henry VII's army defeats the Yorkist invasion at Stoke Field, ending the principal military challenge mounted in Lambert Simnel's name.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeth of York is crowned Queen Consort at Westminster Abbey.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Anti-Retaining Statute Strengthened
Westminster
Parliament strengthens restrictions on unlawful retaining as Henry seeks to limit private noble armies that could threaten royal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Stoke Rebels Attainted by Parliament
Westminster
Parliament attaints leading supporters of the failed Lambert Simnel rising, allowing the Crown to confiscate property from convicted rebels.
House · House of Tudor
1489 · 15 records
Henry VII
Redon Alliance Signed
Redon
Agrees with Breton representatives to support Brittany against French annexation and commits English military assistance under a formal alliance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VII
Treaty of Redon
Redon
Henry concludes the Treaty of Redon with Brittany, agreeing to send English troops to resist French expansion and defend Breton independence.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Dordrecht Anti-French Pact
Dordrecht
Joins an anti-French understanding with Habsburg interests while England, Spain and Austria coordinate opposition to French pressure on Brittany.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Medina Commercial Concessions
Medina del Campo
Secures tariff reductions intended to expand trade between England and the Spanish kingdoms as part of the wider diplomatic settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Medina Guyenne Clause
Medina del Campo
Accepts a military formula linking English obligations against France to the possibility of recovering the former English province of Guyenne.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Medina Mutual Defence Clause
Medina del Campo
Accepts provisions requiring England and Spain to support one another against France under defined military conditions.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Northern Subsidy Collection Ordered
Yorkshire
Henry VII orders collection of a parliamentary subsidy for military support to Brittany, provoking resistance in heavily taxed northern counties.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Redon Treaty Ratified
London
Ratifies the Anglo-Breton agreement after its February conclusion, formally authorising the English commitment to defend Brittany.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Birth of daughter
London
Princess Margaret Tudor, Henry VII's eldest surviving daughter, is born.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Arthur Created Prince of Wales
Westminster
Henry formally advances Arthur as Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, strengthening the visible Tudor succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Arthur Made Knight of the Bath
Westminster
Prince Arthur is made a Knight of the Bath as Henry prepares the heir for greater ceremonial and political prominence.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Baptism of Margaret Tudor
Westminster
Henry VII's daughter Margaret is baptised and named after her grandmother Margaret Beaufort.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
1st Sovereign
So called because of its depiction of the monarch. Mints the 1st sovereign, worth 20 shillings
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Redon Military Finance Clause
London
Accepts treaty terms requiring Brittany to meet the cost of maintaining the English troops sent to resist French expansion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Image on Coinage
The new sovereign presents Henry VII as an established monarch and projects the authority of the Tudor dynasty.
House · House of Tudor
1490 · 3 records
Henry VII
Investiture of Prince Arthur
Westminster
Prince Arthur is ceremonially invested as Prince of Wales at Westminster, confirming his status as heir apparent.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Woking Alliance Confirmation
Woking
Confirms England's political and military obligations to Spain while preserving the planned marriage between Arthur and Catherine.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Woking Ratification of Medina
Woking
Ratifies the Medina del Campo settlement after further negotiation, bringing the Anglo-Spanish marriage and alliance provisions formally into force.
House · House of Tudor
1491 · 6 records
Henry VII
Birth of Henry VIII
London
Henry VII's second surviving son, the future Henry VIII, is born at Greenwich.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of Henry VIII
Greenwich
Birth of Henry VIII, son of Henry VII & Elizabeth of York
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of Prince Henry
Greenwich Palace
Elizabeth of York gives birth to a second surviving son, providing the dynasty with an important reserve male heir behind Arthur.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Peace
London
A truce is signed between England & Scotland, a 5 yr peace
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Christening
Greenwich
Christened in the Church of the Observant Friars
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
French Campaign Subsidy Granted
Westminster
Parliament grants taxation to finance Henry's planned intervention in France during the conflict surrounding Brittany.
House · House of Tudor
1492 · 8 records
Henry VII
Birth of Elizabeth
Birth of Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VII & Elizabeth of York
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VII
French Expedition
Calais
Henry crosses to Calais with a large army and opens a campaign designed to pressure Charles VIII while France is committed to absorbing Brittany.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VII
Siege of Boulogne
Boulogne
Henry's army besieges Boulogne during the English invasion of France, using military pressure to obtain a favourable diplomatic settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Etaples Brittany Recognition
Etaples
Recognises French control over Brittany as part of the compromise that ends hostilities between England and France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Etaples French Indemnity
Etaples
Secures a substantial French financial payment as part of the peace, strengthening royal finances while ending the campaign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Etaples Pretender Exclusion
Etaples
Obtains a French commitment to cease supporting Perkin Warbeck and other claimants who threatened the security of the Tudor throne.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Peace of Etaples Concluded
Etaples
Concludes peace with Charles VIII of France, ending the English expedition and securing a negotiated settlement without prolonged continental warfare.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VII
Treaty of Etaples
Etaples
Henry agrees the Treaty of Etaples with Charles VIII, ending the French campaign in return for payments and an undertaking to stop supporting pretenders.
House · House of Tudor
1494 · 4 records
Henry VIII
Lieutenant
London
Appointed Lieutenant General of Ireland
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marshal
London
Appointed Marshal of England
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peerage
York
Created Duke of York
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Warden
London
Appointed Warden of the Cinque Ports
House · House of Tudor
1495 · 2 records
Henry VII
Death of Princess Elizabeth
Eltham
Princess Elizabeth, young daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, dies at Eltham.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Treason Act Protects De Facto Allegiance
Westminster
Parliament protects subjects from treason charges for serving the king who is actually in possession of the crown.
House · House of Tudor
1496 · 8 records
Henry VII
Magnus Intercursus Fixed Duties
London
Establishes agreed customs arrangements that give English merchants greater certainty when exporting cloth through the Low Countries.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Magnus Intercursus Merchant Justice
London
Obtains treaty guarantees intended to provide English merchants with fair legal treatment in Burgundian courts and commercial disputes.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Magnus Intercursus Signed
London
Concludes a major commercial treaty with Philip of Burgundy that restores normal trade between England and the Burgundian Netherlands.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Magnus Intercursus Trade Privileges
London
Secures reciprocal trading privileges for English and Burgundian merchants after the damaging commercial embargo between the two territories.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Magnus Intercursus Warbeck Clause
London
Uses the commercial settlement to reinforce Burgundian acceptance of the Tudor succession and remove protection previously available to Perkin Warbeck.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Birth of Mary
Richmond
Princess Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, is born at Richmond.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Papal Bull
Tordessillas
Henry refuses to treat Iberian papal claims as preventing English-sponsored voyages into newly explored Atlantic regions.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Treaty of Tordessillas
Tordessillas
English exploration continues despite the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing overseas spheres between Spain and Portugal.
House · House of Tudor
1497 · 5 records
Henry VII
Royal Army Concentrates against Cornish Rebels
London
Henry VII redirects troops intended for Scotland and concentrates a much larger royal force to confront the Cornish army near London.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Marriage
Henry VII ratifies the marriage between Prince Arthur & Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Ayton Border Truce
Ayton
Concludes a truce with Scotland that reduces border warfare and creates a diplomatic foundation for a more permanent Anglo-Scottish settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Ayton Pretender Settlement
Ayton
Uses the Scottish negotiations to weaken foreign support for Perkin Warbeck and reduce the danger of a Yorkist-backed invasion from the north.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Cornish War Subsidy Enforced
Cornwall
Henry VII's government enforces a subsidy for war against Scotland, provoking anger among Cornish communities that consider the conflict remote from their interests.
House · House of Tudor
1498 · 3 records
Henry VII
Fire at Sheen Palace
Sheen
A fire destroys much of Sheen Palace, prompting Henry to rebuild the residence that becomes Richmond Palace.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Greenwich Palace Rebuilt
Greenwich
Rebuilds the royal palace at Greenwich as a Tudor residence.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Marriage
London
Negotiations advance for Princess Margaret Tudor to marry James IV of Scotland, strengthening a dynastic route to peace.
House · House of Tudor
1499 · 4 records
Henry VII
Birth of Prince Edmund
Greenwich Palace
Prince Edmund, another son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, is born at Greenwich.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Execution of Edward of Warwick
Tower of London
Edward, Earl of Warwick, a senior Yorkist claimant, is executed after being convicted of treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Peace
Establishes peace with Scotland
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Peace
Ayton
Renews the Truce of Ayton with Scotland
House · House of Tudor
1500 · 3 records
Henry VII
Death of Prince Edmund
Hatfield House
Prince Edmund dies in infancy, reducing the number of surviving male children in the Tudor royal family.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Baynards Castle
London
Has Baynards Castle rebuilt for state occassions
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Court Leaves Plague-Stricken London
Calais
Henry removes the royal court from plague-affected London and spends time away from the capital.
House · House of Tudor
1501 · 3 records
Henry VII
Marriage of Arthur and Catherine
St Paul's Cathedral
Prince Arthur marries Catherine of Aragon at St Paul's Cathedral, completing the dynastic marriage planned with Spain.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Marriage
Dogmersfield
Henry VII meets Catherine of Aragon at Dogmersfield after her arrival in England to marry Prince Arthur.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Wedding Celebrations
London
Henry's court stages elaborate celebrations and tournaments in London for the marriage of Arthur and Catherine of Aragon.
House · House of Tudor
1502 · 8 records
Henry VII
Perpetual Peace Border Procedures
Richmond
Agrees procedures for managing border disputes so local violence will be less likely to escalate into war between England and Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Perpetual Peace Signed at Richmond
Richmond
Signs a lasting peace settlement with Scotland intended to end recurring warfare and stabilise the northern border through dynastic cooperation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Death of Prince Arthur, Henry becomes heir to the throne
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Death of Prince Arthur
Ludlow Castle
Prince Arthur dies at Ludlow Castle, leaving Henry VII's younger son Henry as heir to the throne.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Succession
Ludlow Castle
Arthur's death makes Henry, Duke of York, the surviving male heir to Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
London
Prince Arthur dies & Henry becomes heir to the throne
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Succession after Arthur
Greenwich
News of Arthur's death leaves Prince Henry as Henry VII's only surviving son and heir.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Catherine of Aragon is betrothed to Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
1503 · 6 records
Henry VII
Foundation of Henry VII Chapel
Westminster Abbey
The foundation stone of Henry VII's Lady Chapel is laid at Westminster Abbey as a major royal religious and dynastic project.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Death of Elizabeth of York
London
Queen Elizabeth of York dies following childbirth, leaving Henry VII a widower.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Margaret Marries James IV
Edinburgh
Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor marries James IV of Scotland, giving dynastic substance to the Anglo-Scottish peace.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
Pope Julius grants dispensation for Henry to marry Catherine
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
"If a man shall take his brothers wife, it is impurity..they shall be childless"
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Treaty of Perpetual Peace
Concluded between Henry VII & James IV
House · House of Tudor
1504 · 4 records
Henry VIII
Peerage
Cornwall
Created Duke of Cornwall
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Prince Henry Created Prince of Wales
Westminster
After Arthur's death, Henry VII formally creates his surviving son Henry Prince of Wales.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
Created Prince of Wales.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Statute of Liveries Tightens Retaining Controls
Westminster
Parliament reinforces penalties against unlicensed retaining and liveries, extending Henry VII's campaign against over-mighty noble affinities.
House · House of Tudor
1505 · 2 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
Henry VIII repudiates his betrothal to Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Catherine Marriage Postponed
London
The planned marriage between Prince Henry and Catherine of Aragon is postponed amid disagreement over the unpaid Spanish dowry.
House · House of Tudor
1506 · 4 records
Henry VII
Imprisonment of Edmund de la Pole
Tower of London
Edmund de la Pole is imprisoned after Philip of Burgundy surrenders the Yorkist claimant to Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Malus Intercursus Signed
Weymouth
Extracts a highly favourable commercial settlement from Philip of Burgundy after the Burgundian ruler is unexpectedly detained in England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Custody of Edmund de la Pole
London
Henry VII secures custody of Yorkist claimant Edmund de la Pole after negotiations with Philip of Burgundy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Marriage Proposal to Margaret of Austria
England
Negotiations linked to the Burgundian settlement include a proposed marriage between the widowed Henry VII and Margaret of Austria.
House · House of Tudor
1507 · 1 record
Henry VII
Marriage
Henry VII signs a marriage Treaty between his daughter Mary & Archduke Charles
House · House of Tudor
1509 · 26 records
Henry VIII
Accession
Accedes to the throne on the day of the death of his father Henry VII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Death of Henry VII
Richmond
Henry VII dies at Richmond Palace after ruling England since 1485.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
London
Succeeds as King of England after the death of Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Succession of Prince Henry
Richmond Palace
Henry VII's death leaves the throne to his seventeen-year-old son, who succeeds as Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Death of Henry VII
Richmond
Henrys death is announced at his court at Richmond Palace
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation
Tower of London
Rides to the Tower with an escort led John de Vere with fears of unrest
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley
Richard Empson & Edmund Dudley are scapegoats for Henry VIIs ministers extortion
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley
Tower of London
Empson & Dudley are scapegoats for the extortion of Henry VIIs ministers
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Burial at Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey
Henry VII is buried beside Elizabeth of York in the Lady Chapel he had founded at Westminster Abbey.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation Council Preparations
London
The royal council prepares the joint coronation of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon as the first great ceremony of the new reign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance England and Spain
Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon re-allies England with Spain
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Greenwich
Marries Catherine of Aragon, his dead brothers widow, daughter of Ferdinand II
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tower Stay before Coronation
Tower of London
Henry stays at the Tower of London before the coronation, following the customary pre-coronation sequence of royal ceremonies.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation Procession Leaves Tower
London
Henry proceeds from the Tower through decorated London streets as the city stages public celebrations for the new king.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Knights of the Bath Created
Tower of London
New Knights of the Bath are created during the coronation festivities, linking chivalric honour with the inauguration of the reign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Followed by a banquet in Westminster hall, "greater than any Caesar had known". Crowned at Westminster
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation Recess to Westminster Hall
Westminster
The crowned royal couple leave the Abbey in state and proceed toward the great coronation banquet.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henry VIII Coronation Banquet
Westminster Hall
A lavish banquet in Westminster Hall concludes the public coronation celebrations and displays the wealth of the new Tudor court.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henry VIII Coronation Oath
Westminster Abbey
Henry swears the coronation oath before proceeding to the sacred rites of anointing and investiture.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henry VIII Crowned
Westminster Abbey
Henry is crowned after the anointing and investiture, formally completing his accession as king.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henry VIII Receives Coronation Regalia
Westminster Abbey
Henry receives the sword, ring, sceptres and other traditional insignia associated with English kingship.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henry VIII Receives Homage
Westminster Abbey
Peers render homage to the crowned king after the principal religious rites are completed.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henry VIII Recognition Rite
Westminster Abbey
Henry is presented for recognition before the assembled congregation as the coronation service formally begins.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Joint Coronation Communion
Westminster Abbey
Henry and Catherine participate in the Eucharistic conclusion of the joint coronation service.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation Knights Selected
London
Young gentlemen are selected for ceremonial knighthood as part of the traditional celebrations accompanying the coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Assizes
London
Special assizes to redress grievances are abolished
House · House of Tudor
1510 · 9 records
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Birth of a stillborn daughter
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First Parliament of Henry VIII Opens
Westminster
Henry VIII's first Parliament begins work on fiscal, legal and political business inherited from the previous reign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Catherine gives birth to her 1st child but it is born dead
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
London
Executed for "constructive treason". A useful scapegoat for Government financial irregularities
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
Executed for "constructive treason"
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Tower of London
Really executed as a scapegoat for financial irregularities. Executed for "constructive treason" & preventing the King from removing him from power
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Empson and Dudley Attainted
Westminster
Parliament attaints Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley after the new king distances himself from unpopular financial enforcement under Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
Really executed as a scapegoat for financial irregularities. Executed for "constructive treason" & preventing the King from removing him from power
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Tower of London
Executed for "constructive treason" & preventing the King from removing him from power
House · House of Tudor
1511 · 15 records
Henry VIII
Birth of Henry of Richmond
London
Birth of Henry of Richmond, son of Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of son
Richmond
First Son, born at Richmond Palace, the Duke of Cornwall
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of who lives for only 52 days
Has a son who lives for only 52 days
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
Has a son who lives for only 52 days
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Henry, Duke of Cornwall, the first surviving child of Catherine and Henry, dies after seven weeks.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Richmond
Death of Henry, Duke of Cornwall, Henry VIII's first son.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tournament at Greenwich
Greenwich
Holds celebrations at Greenwich after the birth of Prince Henry.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance England, Spain, the Pope and Venice
Council & Parliament endorse an alliance between England, Spain, the Pope & Venice
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and Holy League
The Holy League Alliance is signed in Rome. England joins the Holy League against Louis XII of France, formed by Pope Julius II
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Holy League Entry
London
Commits England to the papal Holy League against France, aligning the Tudor monarchy with Spain, the papacy and other anti-French powers.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Holy League War Commitment
London
Henry joins the Holy League against France, committing England to continental war and preparing the military alliances that lead to invasion campaigns.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Medical Practitioners Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament regulates medical practice by requiring physicians and surgeons in much of England to demonstrate competence before practising.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Papal Anti-French Alliance
London
Accepts a collective alliance intended to force French influence out of Italy and enhance England's standing among the major European powers.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Armoury
London
Sets up a royal armory at Greenwich Palace
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Spanish War Cooperation Agreement
London
Agrees military cooperation with Ferdinand of Aragon as part of a wider anti-French strategy connected with the Holy League.
House · House of Tudor
1512 · 3 records
Henry VIII
Alliance Emperor Maximilian and England
Emperor Maximilian joins the Holy Alliance & agrees to invade France with England
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Benefit of Clergy Restricted for Serious Crime
Westminster
Parliament temporarily restricts benefit of clergy for certain serious offences, provoking a wider constitutional dispute over clerical privilege.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of James V
Birth of James V, Henry VIII nephew through Queen Margaret
House · House of Tudor
1513 · 16 records
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Maximiliann agrees to be a mercenary in Henry's invasion of France. Leaves the Earl of Surrey in the north of England to defend the border from the Scots. England is unable to invade because Ferdinand fails to keep his promise of support
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
Has Edmund de le Pole executed for acting as a mercenary in the French Army. Edmund de le Pole, supported by France as the "White Rose" pretender
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Greenwich
Sets out from Greenwich to Dover amid much pomp & ceremony
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Landing at Calais
Calais
Henry lands at Calais to take personal command of the main English invasion army assembled for the campaign against northern France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Siege of Therouanne
Therouanne
Henry's army invests Therouanne, making the fortified French town the first major objective of his personally led invasion campaign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Battle of the Spurs
Guinegate
Henry's forces defeat French cavalry at Guinegate during the relief attempt for Therouanne, a victory remembered by the English as the Battle of the Spurs.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Capture of Therouanne
Therouanne
Therouanne surrenders to Henry's invading army, giving the king a major success before English forces move on to Tournai.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Capture of Tournai
Tournai
Tournai submits to Henry VIII, allowing an English occupation and marking the second major territorial success of the 1513 French invasion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Siege of Tournai
Tournai
Henry advances to Tournai and places the city under siege as the English campaign continues deeper into French-held territory.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Calais
Returns to England from Calais as the conqueror of both the French & the Scots
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Richmond
Reunited with Queen Catherine at Richmond
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Lille
Agrees that his sister should marry Emperor Maximilian's grandson, Charles of Castille
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of second son
Richmond
Birth of Second son at Richmond Palace, the Duke of Cornwall, who dies in the same month
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Richmond
Death of Second son who dies in the month of his birth
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of England
Appoints Surrey to defend England from the Scots while Henry leads an Army in France
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Miscarriage
London
Catherine's 3rd pregnancy ends in miscarriage
House · House of Tudor
1514 · 17 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Sends letters to Margaret of Austria about Marys wedding to the Prince of Castille
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of St Germain-en-Laye
St Germain
Louis XII cedes Touraine & pays Henry 1 million francs not to claim the French throne
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Dynastic Marriage Negotiations at Wansted
Wansted
Mary repudiates her marriage contract to the Prince of Castille during a ceremony
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Wansted
Mary repudiates her marriage contract to the Prince of Castille during a ceremony
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Kinnoul
Henry VIII's sister Mary marries Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-French Peace and Friendship
London
Signs a peace and friendship agreement with Louis XII that ends the current Anglo-French conflict and begins a temporary diplomatic realignment.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
French Pension Agreement
London
Secures continued French financial payments as part of the settlement accompanying the Anglo-French peace and dynastic marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tournai Peace Settlement
London
Uses the French peace negotiations to preserve English possession of Tournai while obtaining financial advantages from France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Cardinal
Asks Pope Leo in a letter to make Wolsey a Cardinal
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Greenwich
Marries Louis of France at a proxy wedding. Attended on Louis behalf by the Duke of Longueville
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-French Maritime Accord
London
Agrees arrangements intended to reduce maritime conflict and protect peaceful intercourse between English and French subjects.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Mary Tudor, younger sister of Henry VIII, marries Louis XII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of a stillborn son
London
Birth of a stillborn son
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Holy League
Ferdinand & the Emperor Maximilian leave the Holy League & make peace with France
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Harry
Deptford
The Henry Grace a Dieu, "Great Harry",
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Sends letters to Margaret of Austria about Marys wedding to the Prince of Castille. Offers his sister Mary as a bride to Louis XII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Dockyard
London
Charters trinity House in Deptford, site of the new Royal naval dockyard
House · House of Tudor
1515 · 5 records
Henry VIII
Francis I Peace Renewal
London
Renews peace and friendship with the new French king Francis I after the death of Louis XII threatens the previous settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
French Financial Obligations Renewed
London
Preserves outstanding French payments owed to England while maintaining the diplomatic peace established under Louis XII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Greenwich
Mary secretly marries Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Declaration of Baynard Castle
Baynard Castle
The "Kings of England in times past have never had any superior but God alone"
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Mary marries Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, in France without Henry VIII's permission
House · House of Tudor
1517 · 1 record
Henry VIII
Plague
London
Henry travels regularly to stay ahead of the plague
House · House of Tudor
1518 · 16 records
Henry VIII
Royal College
London
Grants a Charter to establish the Royal College of Physicians
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Collective Aid Commitment
London
Accepts the principle that treaty members should combine against a power that breaks the universal peace.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of London
London
Approves the Anglo-French Treaty of Universal Peace, intended to form a wider European non-aggression and collective-security league.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Universal Peace
London
Approves the Anglo-French treaty that becomes the foundation of Wolsey's wider European peace league.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Declaration of Peace
London
A "Treaty of Universal & Perpetual Peace" is signed by England, France & the Papacy
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath to Treaty
St Pauls Cathedral
Publicly swears to observe the Treaty of London during ceremonies at St Pauls Cathedral.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Universal & Perpetual Peace
London
A "Treaty of Universal & Perpetual Peace" is signed by England, France & the Papacy
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage Settlement
London
Approves the separate marriage agreement betrothing Princess Mary to the infant French Dauphin Francis.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rule of Tournai
Tournai
A related agreement provides for Tournai to be restored to France in return for substantial payments to Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tournai Cession Agreement
London
Authorises arrangements for returning Tournai to France in exchange for financial compensation and a broader improvement in Anglo-French relations.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tournai Settlement
Tournai
Agrees to restore Tournai to France under separate arrangements closely connected with the London peace settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Greenwich
Henry's 3 year old daughter Mary is betrothed to Francis the Dauphin of France
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Meeting with Francis I
London
Agrees in principle to a future personal meeting with Francis I to reinforce the new Anglo-French friendship.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
European Prestige
London
Uses the universal peace project to increase England's diplomatic influence between France, Spain, the Empire and the papacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Restoration of Tournai
London
Agrees terms for Tournai to return to French control in return for substantial financial payments.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
French Peace Ratification
London
Ratifies the October Anglo-French peace instruments, confirming England's participation in Wolsey's wider European diplomatic settlement.
House · House of Tudor
1519 · 4 records
Henry VIII
Reform of Royal Household
Orders Wolsey to reform his household & make it more profitable
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of Henry Fitzroy
Blackmore
Birth of Henry Fitzroy, son of Elizabeth Blount & Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defence of the Seven Sacraments
London
Begins preparing a theological answer to Martin Luther that becomes the basis of the Defence of the Seven Sacraments.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tomb
Windsor
Commissions Pietro Torrigiano to build him a majestic tomb
House · House of Tudor
1520 · 2 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
Henry VIII attends the marriage of Thomas Boleyns daughter Mary to William Carey
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Discussions begin to marry Princes Mary to her cousin Emperor Charles V
House · House of Tudor
1521 · 24 records
Henry VIII
Bill of Attainder
London
A bill of attainder against Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, proceeds before his execution for treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
London
The title of Buckingham is made forfeit. Execution of Edward Stafford the Duke of Buckingham for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
Execution of Edward Stafford the Duke of Buckingham for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Breakdown of Treaty of London
Bruges
Authorizes the Treaty of Bruges alliance with Charles V against France, undermining the universal peace system created in 1518.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Secret Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
Henry VIII commits England to an alliance with Charles V against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
The Treaty of Bruges binds Henry VIII and Charles V to an anti-French alliance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
The agreement prepares the ground for Henry VIII's Great Enterprise against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
The treaty commits England to war against France in support of the Habsburg position.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
Wolsey helps arrange the treaty with Imperial representatives while England moves away from neutrality.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Great Britain and Austria and France
Bruges
Wolsey represents England in negotiations with Margaret of Austria for the anti-French alliance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
Bruges
English and Imperial representatives negotiate the secret Treaty of Bruges for war against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
Bruges
The agreement envisages Henry VIII invading northern France while Charles V attacks French interests elsewhere.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
English and Imperial representatives negotiate the secret Treaty of Bruges against Francis I of France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
The Treaty of Bruges plans an Anglo-Imperial campaign against Francis I of France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
London
Henry VIII accepts plans for a major war with France in alliance with Charles V.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Award
Vatican
Pope Leo X grants Henry VIII the title Fidei Defensor, Defender of the Faith.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defender of the Faith
Vatican
Pope Leo X grants Henry VIII the title Fidei Defensor, Defender of the Faith.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and Emperor
Francis I invades Navarre & entrusts Wolsey to discuss an alliance with the Emperor
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defence of the Seven Sacraments
After writing Assertio Septem Sacramentorum (Defence of the Seven Sacraments) in opposition to Luther, Henry VIII is rewarded with the title Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith) by Pope Leo X
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defence of the Seven Sacraments
London
Publishes the Assertio Septem Sacramentorum, defending the seven sacraments against Luther.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defender of the Faith
After writing Assertio Septem Sacramentorum (Defence of the Seven Sacraments) in opposition to Luther, Henry VIII is rewarded with the title Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith) by Pope Leo X
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Papal Dedication
Rome
Dedicates the Defence of the Seven Sacraments to Pope Leo X as a statement of Catholic orthodoxy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reformation, The
After writing Assertio Septem Sacramentorum (Defence of the Seven Sacraments) in opposition to Luther, Henry VIII is rewarded with the title Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith) by Pope Leo X
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Style
London
Henry VIII begins using Defender of the Faith as part of his royal style.
House · House of Tudor
1522 · 8 records
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and Charles V
An alliance is agreed with Charles V against the French while a guest of Henry's
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and Charles V
Windsor
Henry VIII and Charles V confirm their anti-French alliance in the Treaty of Windsor.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
Windsor
The Treaty of Windsor postpones major joint action while keeping the Great Enterprise alive.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Windsor
Windsor
Signs a Treaty with Emperor Charles V. Confirms the anti-French alliance but postponing action until 1524
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imperial Marriage Commitment Renewed
Windsor
Renews the projected marriage between Princess Mary and Charles V as part of the continuing alliance with the emperor.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
Picardy
Surrey's raid tests English military pressure on France but achieves limited results.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Picardy
The Earl of Surrey leads an English expedition into Picardy as a preliminary campaign against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lutheran Controversy
Wittenberg
Martin Luther replies angrily to Henry VIII's Defence of the Seven Sacraments.
House · House of Tudor
1523 · 10 records
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
London
Henry VIII prepares for the fuller invasion of France promised under the Anglo-Imperial alliance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Calais
English forces gather at Calais for the invasion of northern France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Picardy
The Duke of Suffolk leads an English army through Picardy during the campaign against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
Picardy
English forces advance deep into northern France but fail to take Paris or force a decisive settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Retreat
Calais
Suffolk's army withdraws toward Calais after the 1523 campaign loses momentum.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and Imperial and Bourbon interests
London
England coordinates with Imperial and Bourbon interests against Francis I.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance league is formed comprising Henry VIII, the Habsburgs and the Bourbons
A league is formed comprising Henry VIII, the Habsburgs & the Bourbons
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Attainment
London
An Act of Attainder is passed against the Edward, Duke of Buckingham
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Commons Negotiates Wartime Subsidy
Westminster
After prolonged debate, Parliament grants a substantial subsidy while reducing the financial demand initially advanced by Wolsey.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defender of the Faith
London
Thomas More answers Luther in defence of Henry VIII's title and anti-Lutheran position.
House · House of Tudor
1524 · 2 records
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
London
Henry VIII and Wolsey continue planning a renewed invasion of France with Imperial support.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
War Finance
London
The cost of the Great Enterprise forces Wolsey to seek new ways of funding war with France.
House · House of Tudor
1525 · 29 records
Henry VIII
Battle of Pavia
Pavia
The capture of Francis I at Pavia encourages Henry VIII to revive plans for a conquest of France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant
London
Wolsey attempts to raise a forced loan to fund Henry VIII's planned war against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant
London
Wolsey promotes the Amicable Grant to raise money for Henry VIII's revived Great Enterprise.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant
London
Wolsey proposes the Amicable Grant as a forced loan to finance Henry VIII's planned war against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant Announced
England
Henry VIII's government demands an extraordinary contribution known as the Amicable Grant to finance renewed ambitions against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Taxation
London
The government seeks money without parliamentary grant, increasing resentment against Wolsey's fiscal policy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant
Essex
Opposition to the Amicable Grant spreads through Essex and threatens wider disorder.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant
Kent
Resistance to the Amicable Grant appears in Kent as taxpayers object to the forced contribution.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant
Suffolk
Taxpayers in Suffolk refuse payment and resistance grows in the cloth-making districts.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tax Resistance
Essex
Opposition to the Amicable Grant extends into Essex and weakens the government's attempt to collect the levy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tax Resistance
Suffolk
Resistance to the Amicable Grant spreads in Suffolk as taxpayers refuse the forced loan.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Grant Collection Suspended
London
Henry VIII orders collectors to stop pressing the unpopular levy after reports show that resistance is spreading faster than the government can contain it.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
London
The Great Enterprise is abandoned after resistance to the Amicable Grant makes the proposed invasion unaffordable.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lavenham Revolt
Lavenham
Thousands gather at Lavenham in protest against the Amicable Grant and the burden of royal taxation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lavenham Revolt
Lavenham
Thousands gather at Lavenham to oppose the Amicable Grant and the burden of royal taxation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pardon
Star Chamber
Leaders of the Amicable Grant resistance submit before royal authority and are pardoned.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pardon
Star Chamber
Ringleaders of the Amicable Grant resistance are brought before Star Chamber and pardoned after submission.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Political Crisis
London
The failure of the Amicable Grant damages Wolsey's authority and exposes limits on extra-parliamentary taxation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of danger of
Suffolk
The Duke of Suffolk confronts organised resistance to the levy and warns of the danger of rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Rebels in Lavenham
Lavenham
The Duke of Suffolk confronts armed resistance to the Amicable Grant in the cloth districts of Suffolk.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Taxation
London
Henry VIII abandons the Amicable Grant after widespread opposition makes collection impossible.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Taxation
London
Henry VIII abandons the Amicable Grant after widespread resistance and the danger of rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Courtship
Henry VIII 1st meets Anne Boleyn, when Thomas Boleyn is created Viscount Rochford
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peerage
Richmond
Makes his illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
French Territorial Claims Reduced
The More
Agrees to abandon several immediate English territorial claims in France in return for money and a more useful diplomatic partnership.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peace of the More Concluded
The More
Reaches a new peace with the French regency after abandoning expectations of major territorial gains from the Imperial victory at Pavia.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Ordinance
Eltham
Wolsey & Henry VIII draw up the "Eltham Ordinances" to reform the Household & Chamber
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Plague
Eltham
Spends a "still Christmas" away from the plague
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Henry VIII no longer sleeps with Catherine because she is past childbearing age
House · House of Tudor
1526 · 4 records
Henry VIII
Courtship
Begins courting Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
League of Cognac
London
Becomes "protector" of the Holy League of Cognac against Charles V
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Hampton Court Reciprocal Alliance
Hampton Court
Concludes a reciprocal obligation with France that deepens cooperation between the two kingdoms following the Treaty of the More.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Sends 200 men to guard over James Vs coronation, invited by the Earl of Angus
House · House of Tudor
1527 · 14 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Asks the Pope for an annulment
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and King Francis
Signs the Treaty of Westminster with King Francis against Emperor Charles V. Signs the Treaty of Westminster with Henry VIII against Emperor Charles V
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Westminster Anti-Imperial Alliance
Westminster
Forms a closer alliance with France directed against Imperial pressure and intended to support the release of the French king's sons.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Wolsey & Warham convene an ecclesiastical court to examine the King's marriage. An ecclesiastical court hears Henry's requests for an annulment
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry informs Catherine they must separate & he has asked the Pope for an annulment
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Amiens
Amiens
The peace Treaty of Amiens between France & England is confirmed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of More
More
Signed with France after the Battle of Pavia. Enforced while Francis I is Charles Vs prisoner
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-French Perpetual Peace
London
Concludes a formal treaty of perpetual peace with France that consolidates the diplomatic partnership developed since 1525.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Order of St Michael
St Michel
Installed as Knight of the Order of St Michael by Anne de Montmorency
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry informs Catherine they must separate & he has asked the Pope for an annulment. The Pope is under arrest by Catherine's uncle Charles V & does not grant an annulment
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Capture of Rome
Rome
Rome is captured by the Habsburgs ruining Henry's chances of an easy divorce
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
King's Great Matter
London
Henry VIII seeks an annulment from Catherine of Aragon, beginning the crisis that leads to the break with Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Male Heir Crisis Drives Annulment Case
London
Henry begins pursuing an annulment from Catherine as the absence of a surviving son becomes inseparable from the future of the Tudor succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Spring, has 1st doubts about his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Beginning of "the King's Great Matter"
House · House of Tudor
1528 · 3 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
Cardinal Campeggio is sent by the Pope to hear Henry's case for annulment
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Dismissal
Strips Wolsey of his assets allowing him to retire to Esher & then to York
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Henry VIII asks the Pope for a dispensation for him to marry Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
1529 · 16 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
Blackfriars
Henry claims he would Catherine back if the marriage was valid. Catherine pleads with Henry in public at the Parliament Chamber at Blackfriars
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Blackfriars Court Leaves Succession Unresolved
Blackfriars
The legatine court adjourns without granting Henry's annulment, leaving his marriage and the legitimacy of any alternative succession settlement unresolved.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Attends the divorce tribunal on final day but papal legates refer the divorce to Rome
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Cambrai
Cambrai
France & Spain make peace with Charles V, Henry is now totally isolated
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Cambrai
Cambrai
Accedes to the Treaty of Cambrai
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Chancellor
London
Henry VIII appoints Thomas More Chancellor to unite his Council
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reformation Parliament
London
The Reformation Parliament opens and becomes the legislative engine of Henry VIII's break with Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reform of Parliament
Parliament meets to begin a programme of Church reform that lasts until 1536
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peerage
Creates Thomas Boleyn Earl of Wiltshire
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas Wolsey
London
Has Wolsey arrested & sent to the Tower but he dies en route at Leicester Abbey
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Dismissal
London
Has Wolsey dismissed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Divorce
Appoints Thomas More Chancellor to get Parliament to grant him a divorce
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Pope Clement VII is a prisoner of Catherine's nephew Emperor Charles. Despite a hearing presided over by Wolsey & Campeggio the Pope denies the annulment
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Mortuaries Act Limits Death Dues
Westminster
Parliament regulates mortuary payments claimed by clergy from estates, reducing customary church charges that had generated widespread complaints.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pluralism and Non-Residence Restricted
Westminster
Parliament restricts clerical pluralism and absenteeism, forming part of the early reform programme directed at abuses within the Church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Probate Fees Act Restricts Clerical Charges
Westminster
Parliament limits fees charged by church courts for probate, addressing a prominent lay grievance against ecclesiastical administration.
House · House of Tudor
1530 · 6 records
Henry VIII
French Ransom Loan Obligation
London
Receives a formal French obligation to repay money England advances toward the ransom demanded for Francis I's children.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Salt Pension Cash Conversion
London
Converts a French obligation involving annual salt into a fixed cash payment under a new financial treaty.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Collectanea Satis Copiosa
London
Royal scholars compile arguments claiming that English kings hold imperial authority within their own realm.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Council
Hampton Court
Summons a Great Council to Hampton Court to request a divorce but is refused
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Hampton Court
Henry VIII summons a Great Council to Hampton Court to request a divorce but is refused
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Informs Julius II, approval to marry his brothers widow was against natural law. Cranmer & Foxe draft the "Collectanea" justifying Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine
House · House of Tudor
1531 · 11 records
Henry VIII
Convocation of Clergy
London
The Convocation of clergy agree to pay extra taxation
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Taxation
London
The Convocation of clergy agree to pay extra taxation
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Supremacy
London
Convocation recognises Henry VIII as supreme head of the English Church so far as the law of Christ allows.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Clergy Recognise Royal Headship
London
The English clergy acknowledge Henry as singular protector and supreme head of the Church, qualified by the phrase allowed by the law of Christ.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Praemunire
London
The clergy accept a heavy fine after being charged with praemunire for recognising Wolsey's legatine authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Salt Pension Treaty Ratified
London
Ratifies the agreement converting the French salt obligation into cash and authorises the corresponding receipt arrangements.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Henry VIII separates from Catherine & banishes her from court
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Leicester
Death of Thomas Wolsey, on the way to London to answer charges of treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Leicester
Death of Thomas Wolsey, on the way to London to answer charges of treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of England
Henry raises extra money from the clergy because of threats of invasion from Charles V
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Taxation
Henry raises extra money from the clergy because of threats of invasion from Charles V
House · House of Tudor
1532 · 12 records
Henry VIII
Supplication against the Ordinaries
London
The Commons present grievances against ecclesiastical courts and clerical lawmaking to Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Annates Restricted by Parliament
Westminster
Parliament restricts payments of annates to Rome, placing pressure on papal control of English episcopal appointments.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Commons Presents Supplication Against Ordinaries
Westminster
The Commons presents grievances against ecclesiastical courts and church lawmaking, increasing pressure on the clergy to accept royal control.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Submission of the Clergy
London
The clergy submit their lawmaking authority to the Crown and agree not to enact canons without royal licence.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Submission of the Clergy Accepted
London
Henry accepts the Submission of the Clergy, which restricts independent church lawmaking and requires royal approval for new canons.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Resignation of Thomas More
London
Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor after refusing to support Henry VIII's break with Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Resignation of Thomas More
London
Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor after the Submission of the Clergy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-French Friendship Treaty
London
Concludes a new friendship agreement with France before renewed personal diplomacy with Francis I later in the year.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peerage
Pembroke
Anne Boleyn is created Marquess of Pembroke.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Calais
Henry VIII meets Francis I at Calais and seeks French support for his intended marriage to Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Dover
Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn go through a private marriage ceremony after returning from Calais.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Annates Act
London
Parliament begins restricting payments of annates to Rome as pressure increases on the papacy.
House · House of Tudor
1533 · 28 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn in a secret ceremony while his marriage to Catherine of Aragon is still disputed.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Marries Anne Boleyn in secret
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pregnancy
London
Anne Boleyn's pregnancy gives urgency to Henry VIII's attempt to secure recognition of the marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Archbishop
Canterbury
Appoints Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Act in Restraint of Appeals
London
The Act gives final authority in matrimonial and ecclesiastical causes to courts within the king's realm.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Act in Restraint of Appeals
London
The Act in Restraint of Appeals declares England an empire and forbids appeals from English courts to Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Appeals to Rome Prohibited
Westminster
The Act in Restraint of Appeals declares England an empire and prevents major ecclesiastical cases from being appealed to Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Restraint of Appeals Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament prohibits appeals from English ecclesiastical courts to Rome and declares England an empire governed by its own sovereign authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Cranmer declares Henry's marriage to Catherine null & void
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage Annulment
Dunstable
Cranmer declares Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon invalid under English ecclesiastical authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage Annulment
Dunstable
Cranmer declares Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon null and void.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Lambeth
Cranmer declares Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn valid.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tower Coronation Festivities Begin
Tower of London
Henry's court begins several days of coronation celebrations at the Tower before Anne's public progress through London.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Eighteen Knights of the Bath Prepared
Tower of London
Eighteen esquires undergo the ritual bathing and vigil that precede their creation as Knights of the Bath.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation Knights Dubbed
Tower of London
Henry knights the selected men before they take their places in Anne's great procession through London.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation Procession
London
Anne Boleyn processes from the Tower toward Westminster before her coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation
London
Thomas More refuses to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn as Queen of England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Excommunication
Excommunicated by Pope Clement VII. Clement VII declares the divorce from Catherine illegal. Clement VII declares Anne & Henry's children illegitimate
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Excommunication
Rome
Pope Clement VII threatens Henry VIII with excommunication unless he abandons the marriage to Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of Henry VIII
Greenwich
Anne Boleyn gives birth at Greenwich to the future Elizabeth I.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
Anne Boleyn gives birth in Greenwich to the future Elizabeth I
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
Greenwich
Anne Boleyn gives birth to Princess Elizabeth, Henry VIII's daughter and future queen.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Elizabeth Barton
Tower of London
Elizabeth Barton, the "Holy Maid of Kent", is arrested for treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Tower of London
Elizabeth Barton, the "Holy Maid of Kent", is arrested for treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas Wyatt and Mark Smeaton
Tower of London
Thomas Wyatt is arrested for adultery with Anne Boleyn. Mark Smeaton is arrested for adultery with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Ecclesiastical Appointments Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament reshapes episcopal appointments so cathedral chapters elect royal nominees without dependence on papal confirmation.
House · House of Tudor
1534 · 55 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
The Pope declares that Henry's marriage to Catherine is valid
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Appointment of Bishops Act
London
The Appointment of Bishops Act transfers control of episcopal appointments from papal provision to royal procedures.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peter's Pence Act
London
Parliament ends Peter's Pence and other payments formerly made from England to Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Submission of Clergy Act
London
Parliament confirms the Submission of the Clergy and limits independent ecclesiastical legislation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
Parliament gives statutory force to Henry VIII's new dynastic settlement after the break with Catherine of Aragon.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
Princess Elizabeth is recognised as heir presumptive after the birth of Anne Boleyn's daughter.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
Princess Mary is excluded from the succession after the annulment of Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
The Act declares Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon invalid for purposes of the royal succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
The Act excludes Mary from the succession and recognises Elizabeth as heir presumptive.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
The First Succession Act gives statutory force to Henry VIII's marriage settlement and succession through Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
The First Succession Act receives royal assent, settling the succession on the children of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
The First Succession Act recognises Anne Boleyn as Henry VIII's lawful wife and her children as legitimate heirs.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
Lambeth
Thomas More accepts Parliament's power over succession but refuses the oath because it rejects papal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
Lambeth
Thomas More is summoned to swear the oath recognising Henry VIII's marriage settlement and succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas More
London
Thomas More is arrested after refusing to swear the oath required by the succession settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas More
Tower of London
Sir Thomas More is arrested for refusing to take the oath of succession
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imprisonment
Tower of London
Thomas More is imprisoned in the Tower of London after refusing the oath of succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tyburn
Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, is executed for treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of John Fisher
Tower of London
John Fisher is arrested for refusing to take the oath of succession
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bill of Attainder
London
Parliament attaints Elizabeth Barton and her supporters after her prophecies against Henry VIII's marriage policy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Kildare Rebellion
Dublin
Thomas FitzGerald, known as Silken Thomas, renounces allegiance to Henry VIII at St Mary's Abbey in Dublin.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Silken Thomas Rebellion
Dublin
Thomas FitzGerald publicly renounces allegiance to Henry VIII at St Mary's Abbey in Dublin.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Kildare Rebellion
Dublin
Silken Thomas gathers supporters after rumours that his father, the Earl of Kildare, has been executed in England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Murder
Clontarf
Archbishop John Alen is killed by followers of Silken Thomas during the Kildare rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Murder
Clontarf
Archbishop John Alen is killed by followers of Silken Thomas during the rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of a stillborn
Birth of a stillborn child to Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Kildare Rebellion
Dublin Castle
The rebels fail to seize Dublin Castle, the centre of English government in Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Rebels in Dublin
Dublin
Silken Thomas attacks Dublin Castle but fails to seize the centre of English government in Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege
Dublin
The Kildare rebels maintain pressure around Dublin while royal forces struggle to restore order.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege
Dublin
The Kildare rebels maintain pressure around Dublin while royal forces work to restore control.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Army
Ireland
English reinforcements are sent to Ireland to suppress the Kildare rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Act of Supremacy
London
Parliament recognises Henry VIII as Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Act of Supremacy
London
The Act of Supremacy makes Henry VIII Supreme Head of the Church of England, changing the political meaning of Defender of the Faith.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Act of Supremacy
London
The Act of Supremacy recognises Henry VIII as Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Church of England
London
The royal supremacy gives the English Crown jurisdiction over the national church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First Fruits and Tenths Act
London
The First Fruits and Tenths Act diverts clerical revenues formerly linked to Rome to the English Crown.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henrician Treasons Act Enacted
Westminster
Parliament expands treason law to protect Henry's royal title, marriage settlement and ecclesiastical supremacy from defined forms of opposition.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
London
Refusal to swear the succession oath becomes a grave political and religious offence.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
London
Refusal to swear the succession oath is treated as treason against the king's authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
London
The Act requires recognition of Anne Boleyn as Henry VIII's lawful wife and of her children as legitimate heirs.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
London
The Oath to the Succession Act receives royal assent, requiring subjects to swear to the succession settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
London
The Oath to the Succession Act requires subjects to swear obedience to Henry VIII's succession settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
London
The Oath to the Succession Act requires subjects to swear to Henry VIII's succession settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
The Treasons Act receives royal assent and makes malicious denial of Henry VIII's supremacy punishable as high treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Act makes it treason to deny maliciously the king's royal supremacy and lawful titles.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Act makes resistance to the royal supremacy and succession settlement punishable as high treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Treasons Act makes malicious denial of the king's royal supremacy and titles punishable as high treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Treasons Act receives royal assent and creates new statutory offences of high treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Treasons Act receives royal assent, reinforcing the succession settlement by criminalising opposition to Henry's authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First Fruits and Tenths Transferred to Crown
Westminster
Parliament transfers clerical first fruits and annual tenths from papal authority to the English Crown.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Ecclesiastical Appointments Brought under Crown
Westminster
New legislation strengthens royal control over episcopal appointments by replacing papal provision with procedures directed by the Crown.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Ecclesiastical Dispensations Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament redirects authority for many dispensations previously obtained from Rome to English ecclesiastical institutions under royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imprisonment
Tower of London
Thomas More writes devotional works while imprisoned for refusing to accept the royal religious settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Papal Dispensations Ended in England
Westminster
Legislation removes routine dependence on Rome for dispensations and redirects ecclesiastical authority toward English institutions.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
London
The Succession Act recognises Anne Boleyn as Henry's lawful wife and her children as legitimate heirs.
House · House of Tudor
1535 · 39 records
Henry VIII
Thomas Cromwell Appointed Vicegerent
London
Henry appoints Thomas Cromwell as vicegerent in spirituals, giving a lay minister exceptional authority to supervise reform of the English Church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Treasons Act comes into force and gives legal force to penalties against opponents of royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Treasons Act comes into force, increasing the danger for those who reject the king's supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Treasons Act comes into force, strengthening the legal penalties for opposition to royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Rebels in Maynooth
Maynooth
Kildare is defeated at Maynooth Castle, County Kildare
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Maynooth
Maynooth
Sir William Skeffington captures Maynooth Castle, the chief stronghold of the Kildare rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Maynooth
Maynooth
Sir William Skeffington captures Maynooth Castle, the main stronghold of the Kildare rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Clergy preaching papal supremacy
Cromwell orders the imprisonment of the Clergy preaching Papal supremacy
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower Hill
John Fisher is executed after refusing to accept Henry VIII's supremacy over the Church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, is executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Indictment
London
Thomas More is indicted for high treason under the legislation enforcing royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Sentence
Westminster Hall
Thomas More is sentenced to the traitor's death of hanging, drawing and quartering.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
Westminster Hall
Richard Rich gives evidence that Thomas More denied Parliament's power to make Henry VIII head of the Church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
Westminster Hall
Thomas More argues that his silence should not be treated as treason against Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
Westminster Hall
Thomas More is tried for high treason before a commission including Thomas Audley and the Duke of Norfolk.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Verdict
Westminster Hall
The jury finds Thomas More guilty of high treason after a brief deliberation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of a stillborn child
Birth of a stillborn child
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower Hill
Thomas More is beheaded at Tower Hill for refusing to accept Henry VIII's supremacy over the Church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
Sir Thomas More is executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
Thomas More is executed after refusing to accept the royal supremacy and succession oath.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Kildare Rebellion
Ireland
Lord Leonard Grey strengthens royal control in Ireland after the collapse of rebel resistance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Kildare
Ireland
Lord Leonard Grey arrives in Ireland to strengthen royal authority after the Kildare revolt.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Sentence
London
Henry VIII commutes Thomas More's sentence from hanging, drawing and quartering to beheading.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Result of Surrender of Silken Thomas
The failed Kildare rebellion ends with Silken Thomas in English custody.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Result of Surrender of Silken Thomas
Ireland
The collapse of the Kildare rebellion leaves Silken Thomas in English hands and ends his armed resistance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Surrender of Silken Thomas
Silken Thomas surrenders after the failure of the Kildare rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Surrender of Silken Thomas
Ireland
Silken Thomas surrenders after the collapse of the Kildare rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Courtship
Savernake
Henry VIII visits John Seymour & meets his daughter Jane
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imprisonment
Tower of London
Silken Thomas is sent as a prisoner to the Tower of London.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imprisonment
Tower of London
Silken Thomas is sent to the Tower of London as a prisoner after his surrender.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
London
Henry VIII commutes Fishers sentence of treason to beheading. Commutes Mores sentence of treason to beheading & permits Mores family to attend
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Interrogation
Tower of London
Thomas Cromwell visits Thomas More in the Tower and urges him to accept the oath and royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Anne Boleyn remains queen while opposition to the royal marriage and succession settlement is punished.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Refusal
Tower of London
Thomas More continues to refuse the oath while avoiding an explicit public denial of Henry VIII's supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
Henry VIII commutes Fishers sentence of treason to beheading. Commutes Mores sentence of treason to beheading & permits Mores family to attend
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
Sanctuary is removed from persons accused of high treason under the expanded Tudor treason law.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
The Act makes hostile speech against the king's title, marriage and succession punishable as high treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Valor Ecclesiasticus
London
The Crown surveys ecclesiastical wealth in England and Wales to assess church revenues under royal control.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Vicegerent
London
Thomas Cromwell becomes the king's chief minister for enforcing royal supremacy over the Church.
House · House of Tudor
1536 · 86 records
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Kimbolton
Catherine of Aragon dies, removing Henry VIII's first wife from the marriage dispute.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Kimbolton
Death of Catherine of Aragon, Henry & Anne's offspring can inherit the throne
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of a stillborn son
London
Birth of a stillborn son, Henry believes his marriage to Anne is damned
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Burial
Peterborough
Catherine of Aragon is buried at Peterborough Abbey.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Miscarriage
London
Anne Boleyn miscarries a male child, weakening her position at court.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pregnancy
London
Anne Boleyn miscarries a male child, weakening her position at court.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reformation, The
When Anne miscarries a son, the begins to reflect again on the biblical prohibitions that had haunted him during his marriage with Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lesser Monasteries Dissolution Act
Westminster
Parliament authorises dissolution of smaller monasteries and transfers their property to the Crown, beginning the statutory destruction of the monastic system.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Dissolution of Lesser Monasteries Act
London
Parliament authorises the dissolution of smaller monasteries and transfers their property to the Crown.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Unification
London
Royal Assent is given to the bill uniting Wales & England
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Divorce
commissions Cromwell to prepare the case for a divorce
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Mark Smeaton
London
Mark Smeaton is arrested during the investigation into allegations against Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Mark Smeaton
Tower of London
Mark Smeaton is arrested for having an affair with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Court of Augmentations
London
The Court of Augmentations is created to manage monastic property taken into royal hands.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Henry Norris
Tower of London
Henry Norris is arrested for having an affair with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Anne Boleyn
Tower of London
Anne Boleyn is arrested and taken to the Tower of London on charges of adultery, incest and treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of George Boleyn
Tower of London
George Boleyn is arrested with other men accused in the case against Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of George Boleyn and Anne Boleyn
Tower of London
George Boleyn is arrested for high treason. Anne Boleyn is imprisoned in the Tower of London
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Tower of London
George Boleyn is arrested for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of William Brereton and Francis Weston
Tower of London
William Brereton is arrested for high treason. Francis Weston is arrested for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Tower of London
William Brereton is arrested for high treason. Francis Weston is arrested for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas Wyatt and Richard Page
Tower of London
Thomas Wyatt is arrested for high treason. Richard Page is arrested for infidelities with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Tower of London
Thomas Wyatt is arrested for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
Anne Boleyn is indicted for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
London
Anne Boleyn is indicted for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
London
Anne Boleyn and George Boleyn are tried for high treason before a court of peers.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
London
Found guilty & will be burned or beheaded according to Henry VIII's wishes
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bill of Attainder
London
Parliament passes an act of attainder against Anne Boleyn and those accused with her before her execution.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
London
William Brereton is executed. Mark Smeaton is executed. Henry Norriss is executed. George Boleyn is executed. Francis Weston is executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower Hill
George Boleyn, Henry Norris, Francis Weston, William Brereton and Mark Smeaton are executed.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn is declared invalid before her execution.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage Annulment
Lambeth
Cranmer annuls Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn before her execution.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Has Anne Boleyn executed for high treason & adultery
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Tower Green
Anne Boleyn is executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
London
Has Anne Boleyn executed for high treason & adultery
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower Green
Anne Boleyn is executed by sword within the Tower of London.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
Has Anne Boleyn executed for high treason & adultery
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry VIII is betrothed to Jane Seymour
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
York Place
Marries Jane Seymour, at York Place
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bishop of Rome Act
London
Parliament extinguishes remaining claims of papal authority within England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Ecclesiastical Licences Act
London
The Ecclesiastical Licences Act replaces papal dispensations with licences granted under royal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Succession Act
London
Henry VIII is authorised to determine the succession further by letters patent or by will.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Succession Act
London
The Act confirms Mary remains excluded from the succession alongside Elizabeth.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Succession Act
London
The Act declares Elizabeth illegitimate and removes her from the line of succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Succession Act
London
The Second Succession Act receives royal assent after the fall and execution of Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Succession Act
London
The Second Succession Act removes both Mary and Elizabeth from the succession after Anne Boleyn's fall.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Succession Act
London
The succession is vested in any legitimate children Henry VIII may have by Jane Seymour or a later wife.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Death of Henry Fitzroy
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Convocation Defines Seven Sacraments Debate
London
Convocation debates doctrine under royal direction as the Crown seeks an English statement of belief during the break with Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
London
Mary & Elizabeth are bastardized, succession going to Jane Seymours son Edward VI
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Ten Articles
London
The Ten Articles define official doctrine for the Church of England under Henry VIII's supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Injunctions
London
Cromwell issues royal injunctions to enforce obedience to the king's supremacy in parish life.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lincolnshire Rising
Louth
The Lincolnshire Rising begins at Louth in protest against religious change and royal commissioners.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Death of William Tyndale, executed in the Low Countries
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
William Tyndale is executed in the Low Countries
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lincolnshire Rebels Assemble
Lincoln
Thousands of rebels gather around Lincoln and present grievances concerning religious change, taxation, government officials and the dissolution programme.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lincolnshire Demands Rejected
London
Henry VIII rejects the rebels' demands and orders them to disperse, refusing to concede that armed subjects may dictate royal policy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
Yorkshire
The Pilgrimage of Grace begins in Yorkshire under Robert Aske after the failure of the Lincolnshire Rising.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
Yorkshire
The Pilgrimage of Grace begins in Yorkshire under Robert Aske against religious change and royal policy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Suppression
Lincolnshire
The Lincolnshire Rising collapses after Henry VIII orders the rebels to disperse or face royal force.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
York
Robert Aske leads the rebels into York as the movement becomes the largest rising of Henry VIII's reign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tyburn
Leaders of the Lincolnshire Rising are executed after the royal government restores control.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lincolnshire Rising
Lincoln
Rebels occupy Lincoln and demand an end to religious innovations, taxation and the dissolution of monasteries.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
Beverley
Rebels gather in the East Riding and the rising spreads beyond its first Yorkshire centres.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
Pontefract
Pontefract Castle becomes a major centre of the northern rebellion against Henry VIII's religious policies.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
Pontefract
Pontefract Castle becomes a major centre of the northern rebellion against the Crown.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
York
Robert Aske leads the northern rebels into York as the movement gathers wider support.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
General Pardon Offered to Pilgrims
Northern England
Henry VIII offers a general pardon to most participants after the rebel army disperses under promises that a parliament will consider northern complaints.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Articles of Pontefract
Pontefract
The rebels set out demands including restoration of monasteries and removal of Cromwell and other royal councillors.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Articles of Pontefract
Pontefract
The rebels set out demands including restoration of monasteries and removal of Thomas Cromwell.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Negotiations
Doncaster
The Duke of Norfolk negotiates with the Pilgrimage of Grace rebels and offers a royal pardon.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Negotiations
Doncaster
The Duke of Norfolk negotiates with the rebels after their forces confront royal troops near Doncaster.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pardon
Doncaster
The Pilgrimage of Grace disperses after promises of pardon and a future parliament in the north.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pardon
Doncaster
The rebels disperse after promises of a royal pardon and a parliament to consider their grievances.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pregnancy
London
Jane Seymour announces that she is pregnant
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Adultery
Cromwell convinces Henry Anne had committed incest with her brother
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of George Boleyn
Tower of London
Lord George Rochford is arrested for adultery with Anne Boleyn, Anne's brother
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Court of Augmentations Established
Westminster
Parliament establishes the Court of Augmentations to administer property and income transferred to the Crown through monastic dissolution.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First Laws in Wales Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament integrates Wales more fully into English administration and law, abolishing many marcher jurisdictions.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Offers to marry Madeleine the daughter of Francis I but is refused
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Parliament approves the marriage to Anne Boleyn & the break with Rome
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Offences at Sea Act Establishes Jury Trials
Westminster
Parliament changes procedures for serious maritime offences by providing common-law style jury trials for piracy and related crimes.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Poor Relief Statute Establishes Parish Responsibility
Westminster
Parliament requires organised local relief for the impotent poor while strengthening punishment of able-bodied vagabonds.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Statute of Uses Enacted
Westminster
Parliament restricts legal devices known as uses, increasing royal control over land transfers and associated feudal revenues.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
Tower of London
Found guilty of adultery with Anne Boleyn & condemned to die by beheading
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Welsh Counties Gain Commons Representation
Westminster
The Welsh union legislation provides parliamentary representation for Welsh counties and boroughs within the English House of Commons.
House · House of Tudor
1537 · 21 records
Henry VIII
Bigod's Rebellion
Settrington
Sir Francis Bigod launches a new rising after distrust grows over Henry VIII's promises to the north.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bigod's Rebellion
Hull
Bigod's attempt to seize Hull fails and the renewed northern rebellion loses momentum.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
London
Robert Aske visits Henry VIII's court after the rising and seeks fulfilment of the king's promises.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of with the northern
Minor riots in connection with the northern rebellion
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Execution of the Earl of Kildare & his 5 uncles for treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Execution of the Earl of Kildare & his 5 uncles for treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Execution of the Earl of Kildare & his 5 uncles for treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Suppression
Northern England
Royal authority suppresses Bigod's Rebellion and ends the renewed northern rising.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Execution of the Pilgrimage of Grace rebels
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Executions of the Pilgrimage of Grace rebels. Execution of the Pilgrimage of Grace rebels
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Robert Aske and northern leaders
Yorkshire
Robert Aske and other northern leaders are arrested after renewed unrest gives Henry VIII grounds for reprisals.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tyburn
Several northern rebels associated with Bigod's rising are executed after the renewed rebellion fails.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Death of Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, who leaves all lands to the crown
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
York
Robert Aske is executed after Henry VIII punishes the leaders of the Pilgrimage of Grace.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
York
Robert Aske, The leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace is executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
York
Robert Aske, The leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace is executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Matthew Bible Licensed
London
Royal approval permits circulation of the Matthew Bible, expanding authorised access to English scripture within the national church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of Henry VIII's only legitimate
Hampton Court
Jane Seymour gives birth to Prince Edward, Henry VIII's only legitimate son to survive infancy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Hampton Court
Death of Jane Seymour from postnatal complications after the birth of Prince Edward.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Burial
St George's Chapel
Jane Seymour is buried at St George's Chapel, Windsor.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bishops' Book
London
The Institution of a Christian Man sets out doctrine and instruction for the reformed royal church.
House · House of Tudor
1538 · 6 records
Henry VIII
Reballion of Kildares plan an
The Kildares plan an uprising to place Gerald Fitzgerald on the throne of Ireland
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Injunctions
London
Royal injunctions order an English Bible to be placed in every parish church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Shrine of Thomas Becket Destroyed
Canterbury
Royal agents dismantle the shrine of Thomas Becket at Canterbury as the regime attacks a cult associated with resistance to royal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defender of the Faith
Rome
Pope Paul III excommunicates Henry VIII after the break with Rome and rejection of papal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Excommunication
Excommunicated by Pope Paul III
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Papal Bull
London
The Pope calls upon all Christians to attack & destroy the English King
House · House of Tudor
1539 · 11 records
Henry VIII
Great Bible Authorised
England
The Great Bible receives royal authorisation for church use, providing the first officially approved English Bible intended for widespread parish access.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Greater Monasteries Dissolution Act
Westminster
Parliament confirms the surrender and transfer of larger religious houses, accelerating the end of monastic institutions across England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Six Articles Act
London
The Six Articles Act enforces conservative doctrine within the Church of England under royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Resignation of Bishops of Salisbury & Worcester
London
The Bishops of Salisbury & Worcester resign
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Rebels in Bellahoe
Bellahoe
Lord Leonard Grey defeats the Kildare faction of ODonnell & ONeill
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Cromwell oversees the talks and a marriage Treaty to Anne of Cleves is signed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Rochester
Anne of Cleves arrives in Rochester
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
House of Lords Precedence Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament sets the precedence of leading officers and peers in the House of Lords, formalising important aspects of upper-house order.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Monastic Lords Disappear from Parliament
Westminster
Dissolution removes abbots and priors from the Lords, leaving bishops as the remaining Lords Spiritual and making temporal peers the majority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Statute of Proclamations Enacted
Westminster
Parliament gives royal proclamations statutory force in defined circumstances, expanding the Crown's capacity to regulate without a new Act.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Toledo
Toledo
Charles V & Francis I agree not to ally with England except by mutual agreement
House · House of Tudor
1540 · 20 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
Rochester
Meets Anne of Cleves for the 1st time. Feels he has been tricked by Cromwell into marrying Anne of Cleves
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Agreement with German Protestants against the Holy Roman
London
Cromwell recommends an alliance with German Protestants against the Holy Roman Empire
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and German Protestants
London
Cromwell recommends an alliance with German Protestants against the Holy Roman Empire
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, fourth wife of Henry VIII of England from 6 January 1540 to 9 July 1540
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Marries Anne of Cleves, the daughter of the Duke of Cleves. Cromwell recommends an alliance with German Protestants against the Holy Roman Empire
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Monastic Dissolution Completed
England
The remaining major monastic houses are closed or surrendered, leaving the Crown in possession of extensive former church lands and revenues.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas Cromwell
Tower of London
Henry VIII has Cromwell arrested for his part played in the marriage to Anne of Cleves
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Anne of Cleves is ordered to leave court
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bill of Attainder
London
Parliament passes a bill of attainder against Thomas Cromwell after his fall from power.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Anne's betrothal to Lorraine & the non-consummation of the marriage are investigated. A formal trial into the marriage between Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves begins
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry VIII seeks Anne of Cleves's formal consent for an inquiry into the validity of their marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
The Church marriage tribunal finds Henry VIII's marriage to Anne of Cleves invalid
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry's marriage to Anne of Cleves is annulled after six moninth of marriage. Court decrees that Anne is not Queen & will be known as the sister of the King
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
The marriage between Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves is annulled on the grounds that it had never been consummated, Henry claimed that he had found his bride so unattractive that he could not bear to sleep with her
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
Thomas Cromwell is executed after losing Henry VIII's confidence following the Anne of Cleves marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Oatlands
Marries Catherine Howard, 5th wife
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Court of First Fruits and Tenths
London
A royal court is established to collect clerical revenues formerly associated with papal finance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Court of Wards and Liveries Established
Westminster
Parliament creates a specialised court to manage royal rights over wardships, marriages and liveries arising from feudal tenure.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
New Cathedral Dioceses Planned
England
The Crown reorganises part of the former monastic estate into new bishoprics and cathedral foundations within the royal church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Statute of Wills Expands Testamentary Land Transfer
Westminster
Parliament permits wider disposal of land by will, altering inheritance practice and reducing restrictions associated with feudal tenure.
House · House of Tudor
1541 · 9 records
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas Wyatt and Ralph Sadler
London
Cromwells supporters are arrested, includes Thomas Wyatt & Sir Ralph Sadler
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rule of Ireland
Dublin
The Dublin Parliament passes the Crown of Ireland Act declaring Henry VIII King of Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Investigation
Hampton Court
Cranmer gives Henry VIII evidence alleging Catherine Howard's misconduct before and after her marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Catherine Howard
Syon House
Catherine Howard is placed under guard at Syon House after accusations of adultery and misconduct.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Catherine Howard
Syon House
Catherine Howard is placed under house arrest for adultery
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
Thomas Culpeper is executed for treason, an alleged lover of Catherine Howard. Francis Dereham is executed for treason, an alleged lover of Catherine Howard
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Tower of London
Thomas Culpeper is executed for treason, an alleged lover of Catherine Howard. Francis Dereham is executed for treason, an alleged lover of Catherine Howard
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Catherine Howard
Tower of London
Cranmer hands Henry a letter accusing the Queen of living "most corruptly & sensually"
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Unlawful Games Act Promotes Archery
Westminster
Parliament restricts several popular games partly to encourage regular archery practice considered important for national defence.
House · House of Tudor
1542 · 7 records
Henry VIII
Catherine Howard Attainder
London
Parliament passes the attainder condemning Catherine Howard and Jane Rochford; Henry VIII gives effect to the measure through royal assent.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Battle of Solway Moss
London
Benefits politically from the Scottish defeat and uses captured nobles to increase English pressure on Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage Project for Mary
London
Promotes a future marriage between Prince Edward and the infant Queen Mary, seeking a dynastic settlement favorable to England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Release of Scottish Prisoners
England
Allows captured Scottish nobles to return home under political conditions, seeking to turn prisoners from Solway Moss into supporters of English policy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First English Bankruptcy Statute Passed
Westminster
Parliament creates a statutory process for dealing with certain insolvent traders who evade creditors, an early foundation of English bankruptcy law.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First Tudor Witchcraft Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament makes specified forms of witchcraft and sorcery felony offences punishable under secular criminal law.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
King of Ireland
Ireland
Assumes the title King of Ireland under legislation passed by the Irish Parliament, replacing the older title Lord of Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
1543 · 38 records
Henry VIII
Marriage Alliance
London
Henry VIII seeks to marry Prince Edward to Mary, Queen of Scots, as a means of uniting the kingdoms.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Anglo-Imperial alliance
An Anglo-Imperial alliance is completed against France
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and Charles V
London
Completes an Anglo-Imperial alliance with Charles V against Francis I of France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance with Charles V
London
The agreement prepares coordinated pressure on Francis I.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-Imperial Alliance
London
Completes an alliance with Emperor Charles V against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
French Peace Consultation Clause
London
Agrees with Charles V that neither ally will settle separately with France before communicating French proposals and answers to the other.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imperial Alliance Against France
London
Concludes a twenty-five-article alliance with Charles V that restores Anglo-Imperial cooperation and prepares coordinated action against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imperial Mutual Defence Clause
London
Agrees that attacks on specified English or Imperial territories will be treated as attacks on both allied rulers.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Joint Invasion of France Clause
London
Accepts an alliance article requiring both rulers to mount a major invasion of France within two years.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Joint Naval War Commitment
London
Promises coordinated naval forces with the emperor to operate against France after a formal declaration of war.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bible Reading Restricted by Statute
Westminster
The Act for the Advancement of True Religion limits access to English scripture for some social groups and seeks to control unauthorised interpretation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
King's Book Published
London
The Necessary Doctrine and Erudition for Any Christian Man presents an authoritative and more conservative statement of religion under Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-Imperial War Policy
London
Commits England to renewed conflict with Francis I.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Declaration of War
Declares war on France so that he can win the French throne
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Declaration of War
London
Declares war on France as England joins the wider Habsburg-Valois conflict.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
War with France
London
Declares war on France as part of his alliance with Charles V.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-Scottish Marriage Treaty
Greenwich
The treaty proposes marriage between Prince Edward and Mary Queen of Scots.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Greenwich
Greenwich
Agrees the Treaty of Greenwich with Scottish representatives.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Greenwich
Greenwich
The Treaty of Greenwich agrees peace and proposes the marriage of Prince Edward to Mary, Queen of Scots.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Treaty of Greenwich
Greenwich
Henry secures the Treaty of Greenwich proposing marriage between Prince Edward and Mary, Queen of Scots, a settlement whose rejection helps trigger renewed invasion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Marries Catherine Parr, 6th wife, widow of Lord Latimer
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage to Catherine Parr
Hampton Court
Marries Catherine Parr at Hampton Court Palace.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Sixth Marriage of Henry VIII
Hampton Court
Takes Catherine Parr as his sixth and final wife.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Greenwich
Edinburgh
Regent Arran ratifies the Treaty of Greenwich before Scottish opposition to the English marriage hardens.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Scottish Policy Hardens
London
Turns increasingly toward coercion after the marriage treaty collapses.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Greenwich
Edinburgh
The Scottish Parliament rejects the Treaty of Greenwich and the proposed marriage alliance with England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Greenwich Rejected
London
Receives news that Scotland has rejected the Greenwich settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Declaration of War
War is declared by Henry in an attempt to force the Scots to agree to a marriage between Edward and the infant queen, thereby creating a new alliance between Scotland and England
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Declaration of War
London
Henry VIII prepares war against Scotland after the rejection of the Greenwich marriage settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of Scotland
Following it's break with Rome, England decided to attack Scotland, partly to destroy the Auld Alliance, and prevent Scotland being used as a springboard for future invasion by France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of Scotland
The Rough Wooing is a war between Scotland and England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of Scotland
partly to weaken Scotland, and partly to force Scotland to agree to a marriage alliance between its child Queen Mary and the English heir apparent Edward, son of King Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Advancement of True Religion Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament restricts Bible reading by social status and seeks to control unauthorised religious interpretation during Henry's conservative reaction.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Rebels in Kent
Kent
The Prebendaries plot in Kent is supports grass-roots Reformation
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reformation, The
Kent
The Prebendaries plot in Kent is supports grass-roots Reformation
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Laws in Wales Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament completes further administrative and judicial arrangements for Wales within the unified legal structure created under Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Unification
London
An Act of Parliament extends all English law to Wales
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
War with France
London
Prepares for renewed war with France while also pursuing the Rough Wooing against Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
1544 · 28 records
Henry VIII
King's Style Act
London
Parliament confirms Henry VIII's royal style including King of Ireland, Defender of the Faith and Supreme Head of the Church of England and Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
King's Style Act
London
Parliament confirms Henry VIII's style as Defender of the Faith and Supreme Head of the Church of England and Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
King's Style Act
London
The King's Style Act makes it treason to attempt to deprive Henry VIII of his royal titles and religious style.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Third Succession Act
London
Elizabeth is restored to the line of succession after Mary, without reversing her illegitimacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Third Succession Act
London
Mary is restored to the line of succession after Edward, without reversing her illegitimacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Third Succession Act
London
The Act places Prince Edward first in the line of succession as Henry VIII's male heir.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Third Succession Act
London
The Third Succession Act receives royal assent, revising the Tudor succession settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Third Succession Act Enacted
Westminster
Parliament restores Mary and Elizabeth to the succession after Edward while leaving questions surrounding their legitimacy formally unresolved.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason Act
London
The Treason Act allows treasons committed outside the king's dominions to be tried within England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rough Wooing
London
The Privy Council issues instructions for Hertford's punitive expedition against Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of Scotland
Berwick-upon-Tweed
Edward Seymour, Lord Hertford, gathers English forces for the invasion of southern Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Burning of Edinburgh
Leith
Hertford's army lands at Leith during the punitive expedition ordered by Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Burning of Edinburgh
Edinburgh
English forces sack and burn Edinburgh as part of Henry VIII's Rough Wooing policy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Burning of Edinburgh
Holyrood
Holyrood Abbey and nearby buildings suffer destruction during Hertford's raid.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Calais
English forces gather in the Pale of Calais for a two-pronged campaign against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
France
Orders Norfolk toward Montreuil and Suffolk toward Boulogne during the French campaign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Henry VIII crosses the Channel with an invasion force during the renewed war against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege of Boulogne
Boulogne-sur-Mer
The Duke of Suffolk begins the English siege of Boulogne-sur-Mer.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Siege of Boulogne
Boulogne
Henry concentrates his main invasion army around Boulogne, making the fortified port the central objective of his renewed war against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege of Montreuil
Montreuil
Norfolk's army begins operations against Montreuil but fails to take the town.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege of Boulogne
Boulogne-sur-Mer
English artillery bombards Boulogne as Henry VIII takes personal command of the siege.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege of Boulogne
Boulogne-sur-Mer
The French garrison agrees to surrender after English mining and bombardment breach the defences.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Capture of Boulogne
Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne falls to Henry VIII and becomes an English possession on the French coast.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Capture of Boulogne
Boulogne
Boulogne surrenders after siege operations directed by Henry VIII, giving England a costly continental possession that must then be defended against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Crepy
Crepy-en-Laonnois
Charles V makes separate peace with France, leaving Henry VIII isolated in the war.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Return from France
Calais
Henry VIII leaves France after ordering Boulogne to be held against French counter-attack.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege of Boulogne
Boulogne-sur-Mer
A French assault nearly retakes Boulogne but is repulsed by the English garrison.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Assured Scots
Scotland
Henry VIII cultivates Scottish nobles willing to support the English marriage alliance.
House · House of Tudor
1545 · 9 records
Henry VIII
Fortification
Boulogne-sur-Mer
English engineers and labourers work to strengthen Boulogne as a fortified continental possession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Battle of Ancrum Moor
Ancrum Moor
Scottish forces defeat an English army at Ancrum Moor during the Rough Wooing.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of England
A French fleet attempts to invade England to divert Henry VIII from Boulogne-sur-Mer
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of England
Isle of Wight
A French fleet threatens England and lands forces on the Isle of Wight during the campaign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Battle of the Solent
Solent
The French fleet confronts English naval forces in the Solent during the attempted invasion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Mary Rose
Solent
The Mary Rose sinks during the naval fighting against the French fleet in the Solent.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First Chantries Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament authorises seizure of specified chantry and collegiate revenues, extending royal intervention into institutions supporting prayers for the dead.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Fortification
Borders
English commanders strengthen frontier positions to maintain pressure on Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rough Wooing
Borders
English border warfare continues as Henry VIII tries to force Scotland to accept the Edward and Mary marriage.
House · House of Tudor
1546 · 27 records
Henry VIII
Assassination of Beaton
St Andrews
Cardinal Beaton is assassinated by Protestant lairds hostile to his pro-French and anti-English policy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Assassination of Beaton
St Andrews
Has Beaton assassinated by Fife Protestants who oppose his pro-French policy
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peace Negotiations
Calais
Negotiations resume as England and France seek to end the costly war over Boulogne.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peace
London
Ends 2 yrs of conflict between Henry VIII & Francois I
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peace Treaty at Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne-sur-Mer
The Anglo-French peace Treaty gives England control of Boulogne-sur-Mer for 8 years
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rule of Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne-sur-Mer
The Anglo-French peace treaty leaves England in control of Boulogne-sur-Mer for eight years.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rule of Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne-sur-Mer
The peace settlement provides that Boulogne will later be returned to France for a large payment.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Scottish Inclusion in French Peace
Camp
Accepts Scotland's inclusion within the Anglo-French peace while reserving England's right to respond to any new Scottish offence.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Treaty of Ardres
Ardres
Henry concludes peace with France at Ardres, ending the invasion war while retaining Boulogne temporarily under the treaty's terms.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Camp
Camp
The Treaty of Camp ends the war and allows England to retain Boulogne temporarily.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Campe
Campe
The Anglo-French peace Treaty gives England control of Boulogne-sur-Mer for 8 years
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
St Andrews Castle
St Andrews
The Castilians hold St Andrews Castle and seek English support after the killing of Cardinal Beaton.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Smithfield
Anne Askew is burnt at Smithfield for heresy
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Smithfield
Anne Askew is burnt at Smithfield for heresy
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Boulogne Peace Ratification
Westminster
Confirms the settlement governing Boulogne, French payments and the restoration of peaceful relations after the costly war.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas Howard and Henry Howard
London
After the arrests of Norfolk & Surrey Henry ousts them from the Regency Council
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Regency
London
The Regency Council will rule by majority, there is no provision for a Protector
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
London
Henry VIII revises his will, naming Edward, Mary and Elizabeth in the succession and providing a council for Edward's minority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Will
London
Henry VIII revises his will to confirm Edward, Mary and Elizabeth in the succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Will
London
The succession provisions follow the Third Succession Act and place Edward first in line.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Will
London
The will names a council to govern during Prince Edward's minority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Will
London
Henry VIII's will is finalised before his death and later used to govern the succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Will
London
Henry VIII's will uses statutory authority to confirm Edward, Mary and Elizabeth in the Tudor succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Tower of London
Arrested for advocating that his father become Regent after Henry VIII's death
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rough Wooing
Scotland
The war remains unresolved at Henry VIII's death, with England still seeking to impose the marriage alliance on Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
Henry VIII's will confirms the 3rd Act of Succession
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
London
Suspects sacramentarianism & launches an investigation. Catherine submits to her husbands will & the inquiry ends
House · House of Tudor
1547 · 3 records
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Death of Henry VIII at Whitehall Palace.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Will
London
The will takes effect after Henry VIII dies, leaving the Crown to Edward VI under a regency council.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
News of Henry VIII's death is publicly released after being kept secret for three days.
House · House of Tudor