Catherine of Aragon
Birth of Catherine of Aragon
Alcala de Hres
Birth of Catherine of Aragon, daughter of Ferdinand II & Isabella of Spain
House · House of Tudor
Static Tudor chronology
Tudor Timeline: 1485–1603
Follow Tudor history chronologically from Henry VII’s accession in 1485 to the end of Elizabeth I’s reign in 1603, using dated records from the World History Database.
Year-by-year Tudor chronology
This timeline is designed for date-led research across the Tudor monarchy. It brings the database records into chronological order so that political, religious, military, diplomatic and dynastic events can be read in the sequence in which they occurred.
Use the monarch pages for focused reigns: Henry VII, 1485–1509, Henry VIII, 1509–1547, Edward VI, 1547–1553, Mary I, 1553–1558 and Elizabeth I, 1558–1603. The family tree shows how those reigns connect dynastically.
· World History Database Tudor archive.
2,343historical records
117years represented
389named people
327places represented
Browse the Tudor static archive
1485 · 29 records
Henry Tudor Earl of Richmond
Landing at Milford Haven
Mill Bay
Henry Tudor lands in west Wales with an invasion force raised in exile and begins the campaign that will challenge Richard III for the English crown.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Accession Dated before Bosworth
London
Henry dates his reign from 21 August, enabling the crown to treat men fighting for Richard III at Bosworth as traitors.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VII
Battle of Bosworth Field
Bosworth Field
Henry defeats Richard III at Bosworth Field after invading England from exile, securing the throne and establishing the Tudor dynasty.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Earl of Richmond
March through Wales
Wales
Henry advances through Wales toward the Midlands, gathering Welsh supporters and English defectors as his invading army moves to confront Richard III.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Date Proclaimed
London
Henry announces that his coronation will take place at Westminster at the end of October, giving officials time to organise the new Tudor ceremony.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Entry before Coronation
London
Henry enters London in formal state before travelling toward Westminster, presenting the victorious Tudor claimant as the accepted king.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Vigil at Westminster
Westminster
Henry spends the eve of his crowning within the traditional Westminster ceremonial setting before entering the Abbey for the rite.
House · House of Tudor
John de Vere Oxford, 13th Earl
Oxford Leads Coronation Escort
London
John de Vere takes a leading place in the royal escort, visibly linking one of Henry's principal supporters with the new regime.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Crowned King of England, 1st Tudor monarch
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Banquet at Westminster Hall
Westminster Hall
A ceremonial banquet follows the Abbey service, allowing nobles and officers to display allegiance to the new Tudor king.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Communion Received
Westminster Abbey
Henry receives communion as part of the religious service that completes the spiritual dimension of the coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Homage Received
Westminster Abbey
Senior nobles render homage after the crowning, publicly acknowledging Henry's authority over the realm.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Oath Sworn
Westminster Abbey
Henry takes the coronation oath, publicly accepting the religious and political obligations attached to kingship.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Recess from Abbey
Westminster Abbey
The newly crowned king leaves the Abbey in state wearing royal regalia and proceeds toward the coronation feast.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation Recognition Rite
Westminster Abbey
The congregation formally recognises Henry as king before the sacred stages of anointing, investiture and crowning proceed.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Crowning with St Edward's Crown
Westminster Abbey
Henry is crowned in Westminster Abbey, completing the formal inauguration of the first Tudor monarch.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Investiture with Coronation Regalia
Westminster Abbey
Henry receives the traditional regalia of kingship, including the ceremonial symbols of temporal and spiritual authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Anointing at Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Henry is anointed during the sacred central rite that marks the monarch as consecrated before God.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Beaufort Richmond
Royal Mother's Coronation Precedence
Westminster
Margaret Beaufort receives exceptional precedence during her son's coronation celebrations, reflecting her central importance to the new dynasty.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Post-Coronation Royal Council
Westminster
Henry begins consolidating government immediately after the ceremony, using the completed coronation to reinforce the legitimacy of Tudor rule.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
First Tudor Parliament Assembles
Westminster
Henry VII summons his first Parliament to consolidate the new regime after Bosworth and establish a statutory basis for Tudor government.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Title Confirmed by Parliament
Westminster
Henry's first Parliament recognises his royal title after Bosworth, strengthening the legal and political basis of the new Tudor dynasty.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Titulus Regius Repealed
Westminster
Parliament repeals Richard III's Titulus Regius, restoring the legitimacy of Edward IV's children and strengthening Elizabeth of York's dynastic position.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Tonnage and Poundage Granted for Life
Westminster
Parliament grants Henry customs revenue from tonnage and poundage for life, providing the new monarch with a dependable source of ordinary income.
House · House of Tudor
Jasper Tudor Pembroke, 17th
Peerage
Bedford
Created Duke of Bedford, 3rd, by Henry VII
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell
Birth of Thomas Cromwell
Putney
Thomas Cromwell is born at Putney and later directs major administrative and religious changes as Henry VIII's principal minister.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Coup
Elizabeth Woodville arranges to marry her daughter to Tudor if he could overthrow King Richard, which he did at the Battle of Bosworth Field on August 22, 1485, becoming King Henry VII
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Marriage
Elizabeth Woodville arranges to marry her daughter to Tudor if he could overthrow King Richard, which he did at the Battle of Bosworth Field on August 22, 1485, becoming King Henry VII
House · House of Tudor
1486 · 23 records
Elizabeth of York
Marriage
London
Taken from the Tower of London to marry Henry VII. Parliament itself, on behalf of the people, petitions Henry VII to carry out his promise to marry Elizabeth of York. Marries Henry VII, unites the Houses of Lancaster & York and unites rival Lancastrian & Yorkist factions. Honours a promise made to the Yorkists who defected from Richard III
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Marriage
London
Unites the Houses of Lancaster & York. Marries Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Marriage
Westminster Abbey
Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York, uniting the Tudor claim with the senior Yorkist line.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Marriage Unites Tudor and York Claims
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeth of York marries Henry VII, joining the leading Yorkist bloodline to the new Tudor monarchy and strengthening their children's dynastic position.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Council
London
John Morton becomes one of Henry VII's most influential councillors and later serves as Archbishop of Canterbury.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Lovell
Lovell Rising in Yorkshire
Yorkshire
Lovell attempts to revive Yorkist resistance in northern England, but the movement gains insufficient support to threaten Henry VII's government.
House · House of Tudor
Humphrey Stafford
Stafford Rising near Worcester
Worcestershire
Humphrey Stafford raises opposition around Worcester while coordinating with Yorkist dissidents who remain hostile to the new Tudor monarchy.
House · House of Tudor
Humphrey Stafford
Humphrey Stafford Captured
Culham
Royal officers remove Humphrey Stafford from sanctuary after judges reject the claim that the church protects him from treason proceedings.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Sanctuary Claim Challenged
London
Henry VII challenges the rebels' attempt to use sanctuary after armed resistance, asserting royal authority over men accused of treason.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Stafford
Stafford Brothers Seek Sanctuary
Culham
Thomas Stafford accompanies his brother into sanctuary at Culham after royal forces rapidly break up their attempted rising.
House · House of Tudor
Humphrey Stafford
Humphrey Stafford Convicted
London
Stafford is convicted of treason for participating in the failed Yorkist rising against Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Arthur
Birth of Arthur
Birth of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII
House · House of Tudor
Arthur of Wales
Birth of Arthur of Brittany
Birth of Arthur of Brittany, eldest son of Henry VII
House · House of Tudor
Arthur of Wales
Birth of Prince Arthur
Winchester
Elizabeth of York gives birth to Arthur, providing Henry VII with a male heir less than a year after the royal marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Birth of Prince Arthur
Winchester
Prince Arthur, Henry VII's eldest son and heir, is born at Winchester.
House · House of Tudor
Lambert Simnel
Assumes Earl of Warwick Identity
Oxford
Lambert Simnel is trained to present himself as Edward, Earl of Warwick, giving Yorkist opponents of Henry VII a living figurehead for a dynastic challenge.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
First Yorkist Rising Suppressed
England
Henry VII suppresses the Stafford and Lovell rising quickly, demonstrating that scattered Yorkist resistance lacks the strength for a sustained national rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Symonds
Lambert Simnel Impersonation Scheme
Oxford
Symonds trains Lambert Simnel to impersonate Edward, Earl of Warwick, creating a figure around whom Yorkist opponents of Henry VII can rally.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Lovell
Lovell Escapes Tudor Pursuit
Northern England
Lovell avoids capture after the revolt collapses and continues plotting against Henry VII from outside effective royal control.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Northern Royal Progress
Northern England
Henry tours northern England to display royal authority and secure obedience in regions formerly associated with Richard III.
House · House of Tudor
Humphrey Stafford
Stafford Rebellion
Worcestershire
Humphrey Stafford joins a Yorkist rising against Henry VII, attempting to exploit continuing opposition to the new Tudor monarchy in the West Midlands.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Stafford
Stafford Rebellion
Worcestershire
Thomas Stafford supports his brother Humphrey in a short-lived Yorkist revolt that collapses before it can develop into a wider challenge to Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VII
Stafford Sanctuary Arrest
Abingdon
Henry VII orders Humphrey Stafford removed from sanctuary after the rebellion, asserting royal authority over a fugitive accused of armed treason.
House · House of Tudor
1487 · 33 records
John de la Pole Lincoln, 1st Earl
Lincoln Joins Simnel Conspiracy
Flanders
Lincoln leaves Henry VII's court and joins Yorkist exiles supporting Lambert Simnel's claim to be the imprisoned Earl of Warwick.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret of York
Burgundian Support for Simnel
Flanders
Margaret of York finances the Yorkist expedition and provides professional German troops to strengthen the attempt to overthrow Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Martin Schwartz
German Mercenaries Sail for Ireland
Flanders
Schwartz leads a force of German mercenaries to Ireland, providing experienced infantry for the Yorkist campaign organised around Lambert Simnel.
House · House of Tudor
Lambert Simnel
Coronation as Edward VI
Dublin
Lambert Simnel is crowned in Dublin as King Edward VI, turning a Yorkist impersonation scheme into an open rival kingship against Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Lambert Simnel
Simnel Crowned in Dublin
Dublin
Lambert Simnel is crowned as King Edward VI in Dublin, turning the Yorkist conspiracy into an open challenge to Henry VII's crown.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas FitzGerald Earl of Kildare
Support for Simnel Coronation
Dublin
Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Kildare, supports the Dublin coronation of Lambert Simnel and commits Irish political backing to the Yorkist challenge.
House · House of Tudor
Gerald FitzGerald Kildare, 8th Earl
Irish Support for Simnel
Dublin
Kildare supports Simnel in Ireland and helps provide the political and military backing needed to present him as a legitimate Yorkist king.
House · House of Tudor
John de la Pole Lincoln, 1st Earl
Yorkist Army Lands at Piel
Piel Island
Lincoln lands with Simnel, Irish troops and German mercenaries near Furness, beginning the invasion of England.
House · House of Tudor
John de la Pole Lincoln, 1st Earl
Simnel Army Marches toward Newark
Nottinghamshire
Lincoln drives the rebel army rapidly south and camps near East Stoke before meeting Henry VII's larger royal force.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Battle of Stoke Field
Stoke Field
Henry VII's army defeats the Yorkist invasion at Stoke Field, ending the principal military challenge mounted in Lambert Simnel's name.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Symonds
Capture after Stoke Field
Nottinghamshire
Richard Symonds is captured after the defeat of the Simnel army at Stoke Field, ending his central role in constructing the pretender's identity.
House · House of Tudor
John de la Pole Lincoln, 1st Earl
Lincoln Killed at Stoke
Stoke Field
Lincoln is killed during the battle, removing one of the senior Yorkist nobles capable of organising resistance to the Tudor dynasty.
House · House of Tudor
Lambert Simnel
Simnel Captured after Stoke
Stoke Field
Simnel is captured after the rebel defeat and is spared by Henry VII, who treats the young pretender as a tool of older conspirators.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Broughton
Northern Gentry Join Simnel Army
Lancashire
Broughton joins the invading Yorkist force with local supporters as the rebels move inland toward the Midlands.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Queen's Coronation Preparations
Westminster
Court officials complete arrangements for Elizabeth's delayed coronation as queen consort, more than a year after her marriage to Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Queen's Coronation Regalia Prepared
Westminster Abbey
Regalia and ceremonial furnishings are prepared for the separate crowning of Elizabeth as queen consort.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Queen's Coronation Procession Assembles
London
Nobles, civic representatives and household officers assemble for Elizabeth's ceremonial movement toward Westminster.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Queen's Public Entry before Crowning
London
Elizabeth appears in a formal public procession before her coronation, presenting Yorkist blood within the new Tudor settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeth of York is crowned Queen Consort at Westminster Abbey.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Queen's Coronation Anointing
Westminster Abbey
Holy oil is applied to Elizabeth of York in the consecratory stage of the service before she receives the queen's regalia.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Queen's Coronation Communion
Westminster Abbey
The queen joins the Mass and receives communion after the ceremonies that establish her publicly as Henry VII's crowned consort.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Queen's Coronation Feast
Westminster Hall
A formal feast follows Elizabeth's crowning, reinforcing her status as queen and symbolically uniting Yorkist and Tudor claims.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Queen's Coronation Recess
Westminster Abbey
The crowned queen leaves the Abbey in state and proceeds to the secular celebrations following the service.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Queen's Coronation Recognition
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeth is formally presented and recognised before the queen-consort coronation service proceeds.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Queen's Coronation Ring Presented
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeth receives the ceremonial ring symbolising her consecrated relationship to the crown and realm.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Queen's Crown Placed
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeth is crowned queen consort in Westminster Abbey in a separate ceremony from that of Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Queen's Sceptre Presented
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeth receives the sceptre and associated regalia used in the traditional crowning of an English queen consort.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Anti-Retaining Statute Strengthened
Westminster
Parliament strengthens restrictions on unlawful retaining as Henry seeks to limit private noble armies that could threaten royal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Hugh Latimer
Birth of Hugh Latimer
Thurcaston
Hugh Latimer is born in Leicestershire and later becomes a prominent Protestant preacher and bishop during the English Reformation.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret of York Duchess of Burgundy
Simnel Conspiracy Financing
Mechelen
Margaret of Burgundy finances the Yorkist expedition supporting Lambert Simnel and helps secure German mercenaries for the attempt to overthrow Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
John de la Pole Earl of Lincoln
Simnel Conspiracy Leadership
Flanders
John de la Pole abandons Henry VII and joins the Simnel conspiracy, giving the pretender movement an experienced Yorkist commander with a dynastic claim.
House · House of Tudor
Martin Schwartz
Simnel Mercenary Force
Flanders
Martin Schwartz leads the German mercenaries hired for the Simnel enterprise, providing the professional infantry on which the Yorkist invasion heavily depends.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Stoke Rebels Attainted by Parliament
Westminster
Parliament attaints leading supporters of the failed Lambert Simnel rising, allowing the Crown to confiscate property from convicted rebels.
House · House of Tudor
1488 · 2 records
Elizabeth of York
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
It was not until more than a year after their first child, Arthur, was born on September 20, 1486, that Elizabeth is crowned queen. Henry VII has Elizabeth crowned as his Queen Consort, eldest daughter of Edward IV
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Audley Walden, 1st Baron
Birth of Thomas Audley
England
Thomas Audley is born and later serves Henry VIII as Speaker, Lord Keeper and Lord Chancellor during the break with Rome.
House · House of Tudor
1489 · 29 records
Henry VII
Redon Alliance Signed
Redon
Agrees with Breton representatives to support Brittany against French annexation and commits English military assistance under a formal alliance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VII
Treaty of Redon
Redon
Henry concludes the Treaty of Redon with Brittany, agreeing to send English troops to resist French expansion and defend Breton independence.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Dordrecht Anti-French Pact
Dordrecht
Joins an anti-French understanding with Habsburg interests while England, Spain and Austria coordinate opposition to French pressure on Brittany.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Medina Commercial Concessions
Medina del Campo
Secures tariff reductions intended to expand trade between England and the Spanish kingdoms as part of the wider diplomatic settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Medina Dowry Settlement
Medina del Campo
Receives a negotiated marriage settlement fixing a substantial Spanish dowry and detailed arrangements for her future marriage to Prince Arthur.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Medina Guyenne Clause
Medina del Campo
Accepts a military formula linking English obligations against France to the possibility of recovering the former English province of Guyenne.
House · House of Tudor
Arthur of Wales
Medina Marriage Settlement
Medina del Campo
Is formally matched with Catherine of Aragon under the Anglo-Spanish settlement designed to bind the Tudor monarchy to the Spanish crowns.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Medina Mutual Defence Clause
Medina del Campo
Accepts provisions requiring England and Spain to support one another against France under defined military conditions.
House · House of Tudor
Arthur of Wales
Treaty of Medina del Campo
Medina
Spain promises a bride for Henry VIIs son Arthur
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Northern Subsidy Collection Ordered
Yorkshire
Henry VII orders collection of a parliamentary subsidy for military support to Brittany, provoking resistance in heavily taxed northern counties.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Treaty of Medina del Campo
Medina
Henry VII agrees a Treaty with Spain for Catherine to marry Prince Arthur
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Redon Treaty Ratified
London
Ratifies the Anglo-Breton agreement after its February conclusion, formally authorising the English commitment to defend Brittany.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Percy Northumberland, 4th Earl
Northumberland Killed by Rebels
Topcliffe
Rebels kill the Earl of Northumberland after he fails to secure relief from the unpopular subsidy imposed by the crown.
House · House of Tudor
John Egremont
Egremont Joins Yorkshire Rising
Yorkshire
Sir John Egremont lends gentry support to the tax rebellion, giving the movement a more dangerous political character.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Percy Northumberland, 4th Earl
Northumberland Attempts Tax Collection
Yorkshire
Percy attempts to enforce the royal subsidy in Yorkshire, where communities argue that local burdens already make the new demand excessive.
House · House of Tudor
John a Chambre
Yorkshire Commons Mobilised
Yorkshire
John a Chambre emerges as a leader of the uprising and helps organise armed resistance to the royal tax collectors.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Howard Surrey, 2nd Earl
Royal Army Sent North
Yorkshire
The Earl of Surrey leads royal forces into Yorkshire to restore order after the murder of Northumberland and the spread of rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
John a Chambre
Yorkshire Rising Defeated
Yorkshire
Royal forces defeat the organised rebels, ending the immediate challenge to Tudor authority in the north.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Birth of Thomas Cranmer
Aslockton
Thomas Cranmer is born at Aslockton and later becomes Archbishop of Canterbury and a central architect of the English Reformation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Birth of daughter
London
Princess Margaret Tudor, Henry VII's eldest surviving daughter, is born.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Arthur Created Prince of Wales
Westminster
Henry formally advances Arthur as Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, strengthening the visible Tudor succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Arthur Made Knight of the Bath
Westminster
Prince Arthur is made a Knight of the Bath as Henry prepares the heir for greater ceremonial and political prominence.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Baptism of Margaret Tudor
Westminster
Henry VII's daughter Margaret is baptised and named after her grandmother Margaret Beaufort.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
1st Sovereign
So called because of its depiction of the monarch. Mints the 1st sovereign, worth 20 shillings
House · House of Tudor
Giles Daubeney Lord Daubeney
Brittany Expedition
Brittany
Daubeney leads an English expeditionary force into Brittany under Henry VII's alliance, supporting resistance to French attempts to absorb the duchy.
House · House of Tudor
John Egremont
Egremont Escapes Abroad
Flanders
Egremont escapes overseas after the revolt fails, avoiding the punishment imposed on rebels captured by Henry VII's government.
House · House of Tudor
Giles Daubeney
Redon Expedition Commitment
London
Receives command responsibility for the English force promised under the Redon agreement to assist Brittany against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Redon Military Finance Clause
London
Accepts treaty terms requiring Brittany to meet the cost of maintaining the English troops sent to resist French expansion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Image on Coinage
The new sovereign presents Henry VII as an established monarch and projects the authority of the Tudor dynasty.
House · House of Tudor
1490 · 4 records
Arthur of Wales
Investiture as Prince of Wales
Westminster
Arthur is formally invested as Prince of Wales, making his position as Henry VII's heir apparent visible throughout the realm.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Investiture of Prince Arthur
Westminster
Prince Arthur is ceremonially invested as Prince of Wales at Westminster, confirming his status as heir apparent.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Woking Alliance Confirmation
Woking
Confirms England's political and military obligations to Spain while preserving the planned marriage between Arthur and Catherine.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Woking Ratification of Medina
Woking
Ratifies the Medina del Campo settlement after further negotiation, bringing the Anglo-Spanish marriage and alliance provisions formally into force.
House · House of Tudor
1491 · 7 records
Henry VII
Birth of Henry VIII
London
Henry VII's second surviving son, the future Henry VIII, is born at Greenwich.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of Henry VIII
Greenwich
Birth of Henry VIII, son of Henry VII & Elizabeth of York
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of Prince Henry
Greenwich Palace
Elizabeth of York gives birth to a second surviving son, providing the dynasty with an important reserve male heir behind Arthur.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Peace
London
A truce is signed between England & Scotland, a 5 yr peace
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Christening
Greenwich
Christened in the Church of the Observant Friars
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
French Campaign Subsidy Granted
Westminster
Parliament grants taxation to finance Henry's planned intervention in France during the conflict surrounding Brittany.
House · House of Tudor
Perkin Warbeck
Warbeck Claim Emerges
Cork
Perkin Warbeck appears in Cork and begins claiming to be Richard, Duke of York, creating a new dynastic threat to Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
1492 · 11 records
Elizabeth
Birth of Elizabeth
Birth of Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VII & Elizabeth of York
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Birth of Elizabeth
Birth of Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VII & Elizabeth of York
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Birth of Elizabeth
Birth of Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VII & Elizabeth of York
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VII
French Expedition
Calais
Henry crosses to Calais with a large army and opens a campaign designed to pressure Charles VIII while France is committed to absorbing Brittany.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VII
Siege of Boulogne
Boulogne
Henry's army besieges Boulogne during the English invasion of France, using military pressure to obtain a favourable diplomatic settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Etaples Brittany Recognition
Etaples
Recognises French control over Brittany as part of the compromise that ends hostilities between England and France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Etaples French Indemnity
Etaples
Secures a substantial French financial payment as part of the peace, strengthening royal finances while ending the campaign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Etaples Pretender Exclusion
Etaples
Obtains a French commitment to cease supporting Perkin Warbeck and other claimants who threatened the security of the Tudor throne.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Peace of Etaples Concluded
Etaples
Concludes peace with Charles VIII of France, ending the English expedition and securing a negotiated settlement without prolonged continental warfare.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VII
Treaty of Etaples
Etaples
Henry agrees the Treaty of Etaples with Charles VIII, ending the French campaign in return for payments and an undertaking to stop supporting pretenders.
House · House of Tudor
Giles Daubeney
Etaples Army Withdrawal
Boulogne
Helps oversee the withdrawal of English forces after the peace settlement removes the immediate need for further campaigning in France.
House · House of Tudor
1493 · 1 record
Margaret of York Duchess of Burgundy
Warbeck Recognised in Burgundy
Mechelen
Margaret of Burgundy receives Warbeck as the supposed Richard of York and gives his claim the prestige, protection and resources of her court.
House · House of Tudor
1494 · 5 records
William Tyndale
Birth of William Tyndale
Gloucestershire
William Tyndale is born in Gloucestershire and later produces an influential English translation of the New Testament from the original languages.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lieutenant
London
Appointed Lieutenant General of Ireland
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marshal
London
Appointed Marshal of England
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peerage
York
Created Duke of York
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Warden
London
Appointed Warden of the Cinque Ports
House · House of Tudor
1495 · 10 records
William Stanley
Warbeck Support Allegation
London
William Stanley is accused of indicating that he would not fight Warbeck if the pretender were truly a son of Edward IV, exposing him to treason proceedings.
House · House of Tudor
William Stanley
Execution for Treason
Tower Hill
William Stanley is executed after conviction for treason linked to the Warbeck crisis, removing a powerful magnate whose loyalty Henry VII no longer trusts.
House · House of Tudor
William Stanley
Execution of William Stanley
Tower Hill
William Stanley is beheaded for treason after being accused of supporting Perkin Warbeck's claim against Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Mary
Birth of Mary
Richmond
Birth of Mary, 5th child of Henry VII
House · House of Tudor
Perkin Warbeck
Failed Deal Landing
Deal
Warbeck's supporters attempt a landing near Deal, but local resistance defeats the force before the pretender can establish a secure English foothold.
House · House of Tudor
Perkin Warbeck
Warbeck Landing Attempt
Deal
Warbeck attempts to land a Yorkist invasion force on the Kent coast, but local resistance drives his followers back before they can establish a foothold.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth
Death of Elizabeth
Eltham
Death of Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Death of Princess Elizabeth
Eltham
Princess Elizabeth, young daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, dies at Eltham.
House · House of Tudor
Jasper Tudor Pembroke, 17th
Death of Jasper Tudor
Death of Jasper Tudor
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Treason Act Protects De Facto Allegiance
Westminster
Parliament protects subjects from treason charges for serving the king who is actually in possession of the crown.
House · House of Tudor
1496 · 10 records
Henry VII
Magnus Intercursus Fixed Duties
London
Establishes agreed customs arrangements that give English merchants greater certainty when exporting cloth through the Low Countries.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Magnus Intercursus Merchant Justice
London
Obtains treaty guarantees intended to provide English merchants with fair legal treatment in Burgundian courts and commercial disputes.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Magnus Intercursus Signed
London
Concludes a major commercial treaty with Philip of Burgundy that restores normal trade between England and the Burgundian Netherlands.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Magnus Intercursus Trade Privileges
London
Secures reciprocal trading privileges for English and Burgundian merchants after the damaging commercial embargo between the two territories.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Magnus Intercursus Warbeck Clause
London
Uses the commercial settlement to reinforce Burgundian acceptance of the Tudor succession and remove protection previously available to Perkin Warbeck.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Birth of Mary
Richmond
Princess Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, is born at Richmond.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
London
Negotiations for the actual betrothal of Catherine of Aragon to Prince Arthur begin
House · House of Tudor
James Stuart James IV
Warbeck Invasion of Northumberland
Northumberland
James IV crosses into northern England with Perkin Warbeck and a Scottish army, attempting to turn the pretender's claim into an armed invasion of Henry VII's kingdom.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Papal Bull
Tordessillas
Henry refuses to treat Iberian papal claims as preventing English-sponsored voyages into newly explored Atlantic regions.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Treaty of Tordessillas
Tordessillas
English exploration continues despite the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing overseas spheres between Spain and Portugal.
House · House of Tudor
1497 · 29 records
Michael An Gof
Cornish Protest Army Formed
Bodmin
Michael An Gof helps gather a large Cornish force at Bodmin to resist the subsidy and carry its grievances directly toward London.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Flamank
Flamank Articulates Tax Grievances
Cornwall
Flamank argues that royal ministers rather than ordinary taxpayers should bear responsibility for the disputed policy, helping turn local anger into organised protest.
House · House of Tudor
Michael An Gof
Cornish Army Reaches Blackheath
Blackheath
The Cornish army reaches Blackheath after failing to attract the substantial Kentish support its leaders had hoped to gain.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Army Concentrates against Cornish Rebels
London
Henry VII redirects troops intended for Scotland and concentrates a much larger royal force to confront the Cornish army near London.
House · House of Tudor
Michael An Gof
Cornish Rebellion Defeated at Blackheath
Blackheath
The royal army defeats the Cornish rebels at Blackheath after hard fighting, ending the first major Cornish uprising of the year.
House · House of Tudor
Giles Daubeney
Deptford Bridge Assault
Deptford Bridge
Daubeney's troops force the crossing at Deptford Bridge and help break the rebel position during the decisive battle outside London.
House · House of Tudor
Arthur of Wales
Marriage
Henry VII ratifies the marriage between Prince Arthur & Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
Henry VII ratifies the marriage between Prince Arthur & Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Marriage
Henry VII ratifies the marriage between Prince Arthur & Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Flamank
Execution of Thomas Flamank
Tyburn
Thomas Flamank is executed after leading the Cornish tax rebellion that marched from Cornwall to Blackheath.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Flamank
Flamank Executed for Cornish Rising
Tyburn
Flamank is executed at Tyburn for leading the tax rebellion that marched from Cornwall to the outskirts of London.
House · House of Tudor
James Tuchet Audley, 7th Baron
Audley Executed after Blackheath
Tower Hill
Lord Audley is beheaded on Tower Hill for joining the Cornish uprising and providing noble leadership to the rebel army.
House · House of Tudor
James Tuchet Audley, 7th Baron
Execution of Lord Audley
Tower Hill
James Tuchet, Lord Audley, is beheaded for joining the Cornish rebellion and providing aristocratic leadership to the uprising.
House · House of Tudor
James Tuchet Audley, 7th Baron
Audley Joins Cornish March
Somerset
Lord Audley joins the Cornish rebels during their eastward march, adding aristocratic leadership to a movement initially led by commoners.
House · House of Tudor
John Perrin
Tax Commissioner Killed at Taunton
Taunton
Rebels kill the tax commissioner John Perrin at Taunton as the march becomes more confrontational during its progress toward London.
House · House of Tudor
James Stuart James IV
Siege of Norham Castle
Norham Castle
James IV besieges Norham Castle while supporting Warbeck's challenge, bringing the threat of Scottish-backed invasion directly against a major English border fortress.
House · House of Tudor
Perkin Warbeck
Cornwall Landing
Whitesand Bay
Warbeck lands in Cornwall with a small force, exploiting recent unrest in an attempt to revive his claim and overthrow Henry VII by invasion.
House · House of Tudor
Perkin Warbeck
Warbeck Lands in Cornwall
Whitesand Bay
Perkin Warbeck lands in Cornwall and seeks to exploit continuing resentment after the June tax rebellion by renewing his challenge to Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Perkin Warbeck
Warbeck Assault on Exeter Fails
Exeter
Warbeck's forces fail to capture Exeter after attacking the city's gates, weakening the rebellion before royal troops arrive in strength.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Ayton Border Truce
Ayton
Concludes a truce with Scotland that reduces border warfare and creates a diplomatic foundation for a more permanent Anglo-Scottish settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Pedro de Ayala
Ayton Peace Mediation
Ayton
Helps mediate the Anglo-Scottish truce, encouraging Henry VII and James IV to replace military confrontation with negotiated border peace.
House · House of Tudor
Perkin Warbeck
Cornish Pretender Rising
Cornwall
Warbeck lands in Cornwall and raises supporters as Richard IV, exploiting recent Cornish discontent in a final attempt to displace Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Perkin Warbeck
Warbeck Proclaimed Richard IV
Bodmin
Cornish supporters proclaim Warbeck as Richard IV, allowing the Yorkist pretender to assemble several thousand men for a renewed western rising.
House · House of Tudor
Perkin Warbeck
Surrender at Beaulieu
Beaulieu Abbey
After his Cornish campaign collapses, Warbeck seeks sanctuary at Beaulieu and surrenders, bringing his armed challenge to Henry VII to an end.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Ayton Pretender Settlement
Ayton
Uses the Scottish negotiations to weaken foreign support for Perkin Warbeck and reduce the danger of a Yorkist-backed invasion from the north.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Christening
Westminster Abbey
Christened at Westminster Abbey
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Cornish War Subsidy Enforced
Cornwall
Henry VII's government enforces a subsidy for war against Scotland, provoking anger among Cornish communities that consider the conflict remote from their interests.
House · House of Tudor
Michael Joseph
Execution
London
A rebel Cornish leader executed after being captured at the Battle of Blackheath
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Beaufort Richmond
Queen Elizabeth's School
Wimborne
Announced her intention to build a free school for the general public of Wimborne, Dorset. With her death in 1509, Wimborne Grammar School, now Queen Elizabeth's School, came into existence
House · House of Tudor
1498 · 5 records
Perkin Warbeck
Escape to Sheen Sanctuary
Sheen
Perkin Warbeck escapes from royal custody and reaches sanctuary at Sheen, but he soon surrenders again and is placed under much stricter confinement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Fire at Sheen Palace
Sheen
A fire destroys much of Sheen Palace, prompting Henry to rebuild the residence that becomes Richmond Palace.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Greenwich Palace Rebuilt
Greenwich
Rebuilds the royal palace at Greenwich as a Tudor residence.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Marriage
London
Negotiations advance for Princess Margaret Tudor to marry James IV of Scotland, strengthening a dynastic route to peace.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Marriage
Negotiarions for the marriage between Princess Margaret & James IV of Scotland begin
House · House of Tudor
1499 · 9 records
Henry VII
Birth of Prince Edmund
Greenwich Palace
Prince Edmund, another son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, is born at Greenwich.
House · House of Tudor
Tudor Richmond, 1st
Birth of Edmund Tudor
Greenwich
Birth of Edmund Tudor, 6th child of Henry VII
House · House of Tudor
Arthur of Wales
Marriage
Worcester
1st of the wedding ceremonies between Catherine & Arthur take place at Bewdley Palace
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
Worcester
1st of the wedding ceremonies between Catherine & Arthur take place at Bewdley Palace
House · House of Tudor
Perkin Warbeck
Execution of Perkin Warbeck
Tyburn
Perkin Warbeck is hanged after repeated attempts to claim the English throne as Richard, Duke of York.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Execution of Edward of Warwick
Tower of London
Edward, Earl of Warwick, a senior Yorkist claimant, is executed after being convicted of treason.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Boleyn
Birth of Mary Boleyn
England
Mary Boleyn is born into the Boleyn family and later serves at the French and English courts before becoming Henry VIII's mistress.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Peace
Establishes peace with Scotland
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Peace
Ayton
Renews the Truce of Ayton with Scotland
House · House of Tudor
1500 · 8 records
Henry VII
Death of Prince Edmund
Hatfield House
Prince Edmund dies in infancy, reducing the number of surviving male children in the Tudor royal family.
House · House of Tudor
Tudor Richmond, 1st
Death of Tudor
Hatfield
Death of Edmund Tudor
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Baynards Castle
London
Has Baynards Castle rebuilt for state occassions
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Somerset, 1st Duke
Birth of Edward Seymour
Wulfhall
Edward Seymour is born into the Seymour family and later becomes Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector during Edward VI's minority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Court Leaves Plague-Stricken London
Calais
Henry removes the royal court from plague-affected London and spends time away from the capital.
House · House of Tudor
Arthur of Wales
Marriage
London
Goes through a 2nd marriage ceremony with Catherine
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
Del Puebla acts as Catherines proxy. 2nd marriage ceremony with Arthur after reaching the age of consent
House · House of Tudor
Tudor Richmond, 1st
Peerage
Somerset
Created Duke of Somerset
House · House of Tudor
1501 · 12 records
Catherine of Aragon
Departure
Laredo
Departs from the Basque coast to Spain
House · House of Tudor
Arthur of Wales
Arthur Marries Catherine of Aragon
St Paul's Cathedral
Arthur marries Catherine of Aragon, creating the dynastic union intended to produce the next generation of Tudor heirs.
House · House of Tudor
Arthur
Marriage
Arthur marries Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Arthur of Wales
Marriage
London
Marries Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Arthur of Wales
Marriage
St Pauls
Marries Catherine of Aragon at St Pauls
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
London
Marries Prince Arthur at St Pauls Cathedral
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Marriage of Arthur and Catherine
St Paul's Cathedral
Prince Arthur marries Catherine of Aragon at St Paul's Cathedral, completing the dynastic marriage planned with Spain.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Marriage
Dogmersfield
Henry VII meets Catherine of Aragon at Dogmersfield after her arrival in England to marry Prince Arthur.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn Anne
Birth of Anne Boleyn
London
Birth of Anne Boleyn, daughter of Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire & Ormonde
House · House of Tudor
William Herbert Pembroke, 1st Earl
Birth of William Herbert
England
William Herbert is born and later rises through Tudor service to become Earl of Pembroke and an influential military and political figure.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Royal Wedding Celebrations
London
Henry's court stages elaborate celebrations and tournaments in London for the marriage of Arthur and Catherine of Aragon.
House · House of Tudor
Arthur Tudor
Spanish Embassy Received
Greenwich
Receives ceremonies linked to Catherine of Aragon's arrival in England.
House · House of Tudor
1502 · 17 records
Henry VII
Perpetual Peace Border Procedures
Richmond
Agrees procedures for managing border disputes so local violence will be less likely to escalate into war between England and Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Perpetual Peace Signed at Richmond
Richmond
Signs a lasting peace settlement with Scotland intended to end recurring warfare and stabilise the northern border through dynastic cooperation.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Tudor
Scottish Marriage Peace Clause
Richmond
Becomes the dynastic centrepiece of the Anglo-Scottish peace through an agreement that she will marry James IV of Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Arthur
Death of Arthur
Death of Arthur
House · House of Tudor
Arthur of Wales
Death of Arthur of Wales
Ludlow Castle
Death of Arthur of Wales, at Ludlow Castle of TB & the plague
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Death of Catherine of Aragon
London
Becomes the Princess Dowager of Wales
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Death of Catherine of Aragon
Ludlow
Death of Prince Arthur dies at Ludlow Castle. Catherine of Aragon claims that their marriage was never consumated
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Death of Prince Arthur, Henry becomes heir to the throne
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Death of Prince Arthur
Ludlow Castle
Prince Arthur dies at Ludlow Castle, leaving Henry VII's younger son Henry as heir to the throne.
House · House of Tudor
Arthur of Wales
Succession
Ludlow Castle
After the death of Death-Arthur of Wales, Henry VIII becomes heir to the throne
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Succession
Ludlow Castle
Arthur's death makes Henry, Duke of York, the surviving male heir to Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
London
Prince Arthur dies & Henry becomes heir to the throne
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Succession after Arthur
Greenwich
News of Arthur's death leaves Prince Henry as Henry VII's only surviving son and heir.
House · House of Tudor
James Tyrell
Execution of James Tyrell
Tower Hill
James Tyrell is beheaded for treason after involvement with Edmund de la Pole's Yorkist opposition to Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
Catherine of Aragon is betrothed to Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Catherine of Aragon is betrothed to Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
London
Asserts that her marriage with Prince Arthur in 1501 was never consumated
House · House of Tudor
1503 · 18 records
Henry VII
Foundation of Henry VII Chapel
Westminster Abbey
The foundation stone of Henry VII's Lady Chapel is laid at Westminster Abbey as a major royal religious and dynastic project.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Tudor
Scottish Proxy Marriage
Richmond
Marries James IV by proxy under the diplomatic arrangements that reinforce the recently concluded Anglo-Scottish peace settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Birth of Catherine
London
Birth of Catherine, dies giving birth to Catherine
House · House of Tudor
Catherine
Birth of Cathrine
Birth of Cathrine, daughter of Elizabeth of York & Henry VII
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Death of Elizabeth of York
London
Death of Elizabeth of York, Henry VIIs wife, dies giving birth to Catherine
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Death of Elizabeth of York
Tower of London
Elizabeth of York dies following childbirth, leaving Henry VII widowed and reducing the prospect of further legitimate Tudor children.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Death of Elizabeth of York
London
Queen Elizabeth of York dies following childbirth, leaving Henry VII a widower.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth of York
Burial
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeth of York is buried at Westminster Abbey
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
London
The marriage contract to the future Henry VIII is concluded
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Margaret Marries James IV
Edinburgh
Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor marries James IV of Scotland, giving dynastic substance to the Anglo-Scottish peace.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Tudor
Margaret Tudor Marries James IV
Holyrood Abbey
Margaret Tudor marries James IV of Scotland, creating the dynastic connection through which the Stuart line later acquires a claim to England.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Marriage
Marries James IV of Scotland
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
Pope Julius grants dispensation for Henry to marry Catherine
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
Pope Julius grants dispensation for Henry to marry Catherine
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Elder
Birth of Thomas Wyatt
Allington Castle
Thomas Wyatt is born at Allington Castle and later becomes a diplomat and poet closely associated with Henry VIII's court.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
"If a man shall take his brothers wife, it is impurity..they shall be childless"
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
"If a man shall take his brothers wife, it is impurity..they shall be childless"
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Treaty of Perpetual Peace
Concluded between Henry VII & James IV
House · House of Tudor
1504 · 8 records
Henry VIII
Peerage
Cornwall
Created Duke of Cornwall
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Prince Henry Created Prince of Wales
Westminster
After Arthur's death, Henry VII formally creates his surviving son Henry Prince of Wales.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
Created Prince of Wales.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Death of Catherine of Aragon
Death of Isabella of Castille, Catherines mother
House · House of Tudor
George Boleyn Rochford
Birth of George Boleyn
England
George Boleyn is born into the Boleyn family and later becomes Viscount Rochford, diplomat and brother of Queen Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
John Dudley
Birth of John Dudley
England
John Dudley is born and later becomes Duke of Northumberland, leading Edward VI's government and the attempt to place Jane Grey on the throne.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
London
Papal dispensation is granted from Pope Julius II for Henry & Catherine to marry
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Statute of Liveries Tightens Retaining Controls
Westminster
Parliament reinforces penalties against unlicensed retaining and liveries, extending Henry VII's campaign against over-mighty noble affinities.
House · House of Tudor
1505 · 5 records
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
Henry VIII repudiates his betrothal to Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Henry VIII repudiates his betrothal to Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Catherine Marriage Postponed
London
The planned marriage between Prince Henry and Catherine of Aragon is postponed amid disagreement over the unpaid Spanish dowry.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wriothesley Southampton, 1st Earl
Birth of Thomas Wriothesley
London
Thomas Wriothesley is born in London and later serves Henry VIII as secretary, Lord Chancellor and Earl of Southampton.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Beaufort Richmond
Christs College
Cambridge
Refounded and enlarged Gods House, Cambridge as Christs College, Cambridge with a royal charter from the King
House · House of Tudor
1506 · 5 records
Henry VII
Imprisonment of Edmund de la Pole
Tower of London
Edmund de la Pole is imprisoned after Philip of Burgundy surrenders the Yorkist claimant to Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Malus Intercursus Signed
Weymouth
Extracts a highly favourable commercial settlement from Philip of Burgundy after the Burgundian ruler is unexpectedly detained in England.
House · House of Tudor
William Paget Paget, 1st Baron
Birth of William Paget
England
William Paget is born and later becomes a senior diplomat and secretary under Henry VIII before serving successive Tudor governments.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Custody of Edmund de la Pole
London
Henry VII secures custody of Yorkist claimant Edmund de la Pole after negotiations with Philip of Burgundy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Marriage Proposal to Margaret of Austria
England
Negotiations linked to the Burgundian settlement include a proposed marriage between the widowed Henry VII and Margaret of Austria.
House · House of Tudor
1507 · 2 records
Henry VII
Marriage
Henry VII signs a marriage Treaty between his daughter Mary & Archduke Charles
House · House of Tudor
Mary
Marriage
Henry VII signs a marriage Treaty between his daughter Mary & Archduke Charles
House · House of Tudor
1508 · 1 record
Thomas Seymour Seymour of Sudeley
Birth of Thomas Seymour
Wulfhall
Thomas Seymour is born into the Seymour family and later becomes Lord High Admiral and husband of the widowed Queen Catherine Parr.
House · House of Tudor
1509 · 44 records
Henry VIII
Accession
Accedes to the throne on the day of the death of his father Henry VII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Death of Henry VII
Richmond
Henry VII dies at Richmond Palace after ruling England since 1485.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
London
Succeeds as King of England after the death of Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Succession of Prince Henry
Richmond Palace
Henry VII's death leaves the throne to his seventeen-year-old son, who succeeds as Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Death of Henry VII
Richmond
Henrys death is announced at his court at Richmond Palace
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation
Tower of London
Rides to the Tower with an escort led John de Vere with fears of unrest
House · House of Tudor
Edmund Dudley
Arrest of Edmund Dudley
Tower of London
Empson & Dudley are scapegoats for the extortion of Henry VIIs ministers
House · House of Tudor
Richard Empson
Arrest of Richard Empson
London
Richard Empson & Edmund Dudley are scapegoats for Henry VIIs ministers extortion
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley
Richard Empson & Edmund Dudley are scapegoats for Henry VIIs ministers extortion
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley
Tower of London
Empson & Dudley are scapegoats for the extortion of Henry VIIs ministers
House · House of Tudor
Henry VII
Burial at Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey
Henry VII is buried beside Elizabeth of York in the Lady Chapel he had founded at Westminster Abbey.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation Council Preparations
London
The royal council prepares the joint coronation of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon as the first great ceremony of the new reign.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Beaufort Richmond
Margaret Beaufort Organises Coronation
London
Margaret Beaufort takes a leading role in organising her grandson's coronation celebrations and ceremonial arrangements.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Alliance Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII
Marries Henry VIII at Grey Friars Church, re-allying England with Spain
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance England and Spain
Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon re-allies England with Spain
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine Marries Henry VIII
Greenwich
Catherine marries Henry VIII shortly after his accession, making the production of a legitimate Tudor heir a central expectation of the new reign.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
Greenwich
Marries Henry VIII at Grey Friars Church, re-allying England with Spain
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Greenwich
Marries Catherine of Aragon, his dead brothers widow, daughter of Ferdinand II
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine Joins Tower Ceremonies
Tower of London
Catherine participates in the royal preparations at the Tower before travelling with Henry toward Westminster.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tower Stay before Coronation
Tower of London
Henry stays at the Tower of London before the coronation, following the customary pre-coronation sequence of royal ceremonies.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine's Coronation Procession
London
Catherine accompanies the royal progress toward Westminster in a public display of the new king and queen.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation Procession Leaves Tower
London
Henry proceeds from the Tower through decorated London streets as the city stages public celebrations for the new king.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Knights of the Bath Created
Tower of London
New Knights of the Bath are created during the coronation festivities, linking chivalric honour with the inauguration of the reign.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine Anointed Queen Consort
Westminster Abbey
Catherine is anointed as queen consort during the joint coronation ceremony.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine Crowned Queen Consort
Westminster Abbey
Catherine is crowned beside Henry, establishing her ceremonial status as queen of England.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Crowned Queen of England
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Followed by a banquet in Westminster hall, "greater than any Caesar had known". Crowned at Westminster
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation Recess to Westminster Hall
Westminster
The crowned royal couple leave the Abbey in state and proceed toward the great coronation banquet.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henry VIII Coronation Banquet
Westminster Hall
A lavish banquet in Westminster Hall concludes the public coronation celebrations and displays the wealth of the new Tudor court.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henry VIII Coronation Oath
Westminster Abbey
Henry swears the coronation oath before proceeding to the sacred rites of anointing and investiture.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henry VIII Crowned
Westminster Abbey
Henry is crowned after the anointing and investiture, formally completing his accession as king.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henry VIII Receives Coronation Regalia
Westminster Abbey
Henry receives the sword, ring, sceptres and other traditional insignia associated with English kingship.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henry VIII Receives Homage
Westminster Abbey
Peers render homage to the crowned king after the principal religious rites are completed.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henry VIII Recognition Rite
Westminster Abbey
Henry is presented for recognition before the assembled congregation as the coronation service formally begins.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Joint Coronation Communion
Westminster Abbey
Henry and Catherine participate in the Eucharistic conclusion of the joint coronation service.
House · House of Tudor
William Warham
Warham Anoints Henry VIII
Westminster Abbey
Warham anoints Henry during the central consecratory rite of the coronation.
House · House of Tudor
William Warham
Warham Prepares Joint Service
Westminster Abbey
William Warham prepares to lead the joint coronation service for Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Beaufort Richmond
Death of Margaret Beaufort
Westminster Abbey
Death of Margaret Beaufort
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation Knights Selected
London
Young gentlemen are selected for ceremonial knighthood as part of the traditional celebrations accompanying the coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Beaufort Richmond
Burial
Westminster Abbey
Buried in the Henry VII Lady Chapel of the Abbey, in a black marble tomb topped with a bronze gilded effigy and canopy. She is now situated between the later graves of William and Mary and the tomb of Mary, Queen of Scots
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Assizes
London
Special assizes to redress grievances are abolished
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Birth of Jane Seymour eldest
Wentworth
Birth of Jane Seymour eldest child of Sir John Seymour, descendent of Edward I
House · House of Tudor
Margaret of Richmond
Death of Margaret of Richmond
Death of Margaret of Richmond, Henry VIIs mother
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Linacre
Doctor
London
Appointed Doctor to Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
1510 · 11 records
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Birth of a stillborn daughter
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First Parliament of Henry VIII Opens
Westminster
Henry VIII's first Parliament begins work on fiscal, legal and political business inherited from the previous reign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Catherine gives birth to her 1st child but it is born dead
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
London
Executed for "constructive treason". A useful scapegoat for Government financial irregularities
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
Executed for "constructive treason"
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Bacon
Birth of Nicholas Bacon
Chislehurst
Nicholas Bacon is born and later serves Elizabeth I as Lord Keeper of the Great Seal and a senior member of her government.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Tower of London
Really executed as a scapegoat for financial irregularities. Executed for "constructive treason" & preventing the King from removing him from power
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Empson and Dudley Attainted
Westminster
Parliament attaints Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley after the new king distances himself from unpopular financial enforcement under Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
Really executed as a scapegoat for financial irregularities. Executed for "constructive treason" & preventing the King from removing him from power
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Succession
London
Catherine & Henry VIIIs 1st child is prematurely stillborn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Tower of London
Executed for "constructive treason" & preventing the King from removing him from power
House · House of Tudor
1511 · 19 records
Catherine of Aragon
Birth of a Son
London
Birth of a son who lives just 2 months
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of Henry of Richmond
London
Birth of Henry of Richmond, son of Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of son
Richmond
First Son, born at Richmond Palace, the Duke of Cornwall
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of who lives for only 52 days
Has a son who lives for only 52 days
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
Has a son who lives for only 52 days
House · House of Tudor
Henry, Duke of Cornwall
Prince Henry Christened
Richmond
Henry and Catherine's infant son is christened after his birth, briefly giving the Tudor dynasty the male heir the court had awaited.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Henry, Duke of Cornwall, the first surviving child of Catherine and Henry, dies after seven weeks.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Richmond
Death of Henry, Duke of Cornwall, Henry VIII's first son.
House · House of Tudor
Henry, Duke of Cornwall
Death of Prince Henry
Richmond
The infant Prince Henry dies after only a few weeks, returning the royal marriage to uncertainty over a surviving male successor.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor
Death of Prince Henry
Greenwich
Prince Henry dies weeks after celebrations for his birth.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tournament at Greenwich
Greenwich
Holds celebrations at Greenwich after the birth of Prince Henry.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance England, Spain, the Pope and Venice
Council & Parliament endorse an alliance between England, Spain, the Pope & Venice
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and Holy League
The Holy League Alliance is signed in Rome. England joins the Holy League against Louis XII of France, formed by Pope Julius II
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Holy League Entry
London
Commits England to the papal Holy League against France, aligning the Tudor monarchy with Spain, the papacy and other anti-French powers.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Holy League War Commitment
London
Henry joins the Holy League against France, committing England to continental war and preparing the military alliances that lead to invasion campaigns.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Medical Practitioners Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament regulates medical practice by requiring physicians and surgeons in much of England to demonstrate competence before practising.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Papal Anti-French Alliance
London
Accepts a collective alliance intended to force French influence out of Italy and enhance England's standing among the major European powers.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Armoury
London
Sets up a royal armory at Greenwich Palace
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Spanish War Cooperation Agreement
London
Agrees military cooperation with Ferdinand of Aragon as part of a wider anti-French strategy connected with the Holy League.
House · House of Tudor
1512 · 6 records
Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess of Dorset
Guyenne Expedition
Biscay
Dorset leads an English expedition to northern Spain intended to invade French Guyenne alongside Ferdinand of Aragon, opening Henry VIII's first continental campaign.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess of Dorset
Failed Aquitaine Campaign
Guipuzcoa
Dorset's army abandons the planned advance into France after disease, supply failures and disputes with its Spanish allies undermine the invasion force.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Emperor Maximilian and England
Emperor Maximilian joins the Holy Alliance & agrees to invade France with England
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Benefit of Clergy Restricted for Serious Crime
Westminster
Parliament temporarily restricts benefit of clergy for certain serious offences, provoking a wider constitutional dispute over clerical privilege.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Parr
Birth of Catherine Parr
England
Catherine Parr is born and later becomes Henry VIII's sixth queen, an educated patron of reform and the final queen consort of his reign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of James V
Birth of James V, Henry VIII nephew through Queen Margaret
House · House of Tudor
1513 · 24 records
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Maximiliann agrees to be a mercenary in Henry's invasion of France. Leaves the Earl of Surrey in the north of England to defend the border from the Scots. England is unable to invade because Ferdinand fails to keep his promise of support
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
Has Edmund de le Pole executed for acting as a mercenary in the French Army. Edmund de le Pole, supported by France as the "White Rose" pretender
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Greenwich
Sets out from Greenwich to Dover amid much pomp & ceremony
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Landing at Calais
Calais
Henry lands at Calais to take personal command of the main English invasion army assembled for the campaign against northern France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Siege of Therouanne
Therouanne
Henry's army invests Therouanne, making the fortified French town the first major objective of his personally led invasion campaign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Battle of the Spurs
Guinegate
Henry's forces defeat French cavalry at Guinegate during the relief attempt for Therouanne, a victory remembered by the English as the Battle of the Spurs.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Capture of Therouanne
Therouanne
Therouanne surrenders to Henry's invading army, giving the king a major success before English forces move on to Tournai.
House · House of Tudor
James Stuart James IV
Capture of Norham Castle
Norham Castle
James IV captures Norham Castle after a short siege, removing a major English border stronghold during the Scottish invasion.
House · House of Tudor
James Stuart James IV
Scottish Invasion of England
Northumberland
James IV invades northern England in support of France, forcing the Tudor government to fight a major defensive campaign while Henry is overseas.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey
Battle of Flodden
Flodden
Howard commands the English army that defeats the invading Scots at Flodden, where James IV and many leading Scottish nobles are killed.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine Gives Birth to Short-Lived Son
England
Catherine gives birth to another son who dies shortly afterwards, prolonging Henry VIII's concern over the absence of a surviving male heir.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Capture of Tournai
Tournai
Tournai submits to Henry VIII, allowing an English occupation and marking the second major territorial success of the 1513 French invasion.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Aragon Catherine of Aragon
Northern Defence Mobilisation
England
Catherine, acting as regent while Henry campaigns in France, helps organise the kingdom's response to the Scottish invasion and the mobilisation that culminates at Flodden.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Siege of Tournai
Tournai
Henry advances to Tournai and places the city under siege as the English campaign continues deeper into French-held territory.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Calais
Returns to England from Calais as the conqueror of both the French & the Scots
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Richmond
Reunited with Queen Catherine at Richmond
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Lille
Agrees that his sister should marry Emperor Maximilian's grandson, Charles of Castille
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of second son
Richmond
Birth of Second son at Richmond Palace, the Duke of Cornwall, who dies in the same month
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Richmond
Death of Second son who dies in the month of his birth
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Birth of son
London
Gives birth to a son who dies at birth
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of England
Appoints Surrey to defend England from the Scots while Henry leads an Army in France
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Miscarriage
London
Catherines 3rd pregnancy ends in miscarriage
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Miscarriage
London
Catherine's 3rd pregnancy ends in miscarriage
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Tudor
Regency
London
Appointed Regent during the minority of James V, age 2
House · House of Tudor
1514 · 42 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Sends letters to Margaret of Austria about Marys wedding to the Prince of Castille
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Birth of Alexander
Stirling Castle
Birth of Alexander, son of Margaret
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of St Germain-en-Laye
St Germain
Louis XII cedes Touraine & pays Henry 1 million francs not to claim the French throne
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Dynastic Marriage Negotiations at Wansted
Wansted
Mary repudiates her marriage contract to the Prince of Castille during a ceremony
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Wansted
Mary repudiates her marriage contract to the Prince of Castille during a ceremony
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Kinnoul
Henry VIII's sister Mary marries Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
House · House of Tudor
Mary
Marriage
Kinnoul
Henry VIIIs sister Mary marries Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-French Peace and Friendship
London
Signs a peace and friendship agreement with Louis XII that ends the current Anglo-French conflict and begins a temporary diplomatic realignment.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
French Pension Agreement
London
Secures continued French financial payments as part of the settlement accompanying the Anglo-French peace and dynastic marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor
French Royal Marriage Treaty
London
Is promised in marriage to Louis XII of France under a dynastic agreement intended to secure the new peace between the two kingdoms.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tournai Peace Settlement
London
Uses the French peace negotiations to preserve English possession of Tournai while obtaining financial advantages from France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Cardinal
Asks Pope Leo in a letter to make Wolsey a Cardinal
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Greenwich
Marries Louis of France at a proxy wedding. Attended on Louis behalf by the Duke of Longueville
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Marriage
Greenwich
Mary marries Louis of France at a "proxy" wedding
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-French Maritime Accord
London
Agrees arrangements intended to reduce maritime conflict and protect peaceful intercourse between English and French subjects.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Marriage
The Council inform Margaret that by marrying Angus she had forfeited her Regency. The Council inform Margaret by marrying Angus she had forfeited custody of her sons
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Marriage
London
Leaves London to join her new husband Louis XII in France
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Sanctuary
Stirling Castle
Takes sanctuary from the Council in Stirling Castle
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Marriage
Dover
Sets sail from Dover for France
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Mary Tudor, younger sister of Henry VIII, marries Louis XII
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Marriage
Abbeville
Meets her new husband Louis XII for the 1st time
House · House of Tudor
Mary
Marriage
Abbeville
Mary Tudor, younger sister of Henry VIII, marries Louis XII
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor
French Queen Coronation Preparations
Paris
Mary's French household prepares the ceremonial arrangements for her crowning after her marriage to Louis XII.
House · House of Tudor
Mary
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Crowned Queen of France
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor
French Coronation Anointing
Saint-Denis
Mary is anointed according to the ceremonial traditions used for a French queen consort.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor
French Coronation Recess
Saint-Denis
Mary leaves the coronation church in royal state after completing the religious ceremony.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor
French Coronation Recognition
Saint-Denis
Mary is formally presented during the French queen-consort rite before her anointing and crowning.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor
French Coronation Regalia Presented
Saint-Denis
Ceremonial insignia accompany Mary's crowning and publicly mark her new royal position in France.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor
Mary Tudor Crowned Queen of France
Saint-Denis
Mary receives the French queen's crown following her marriage to Louis XII.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor
Queen of France Procession to Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis
Mary travels in state for the ceremony that will publicly establish her as queen consort of France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of a stillborn son
London
Birth of a stillborn son
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor
French Coronation Festivities
Paris
Court festivities follow Mary's crowning and celebrate the dynastic alliance created by her marriage to Louis XII.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Birth of son
London
Gives birth to a son who lives for just a few days
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine's Pregnancy Ends in Stillbirth
England
Another pregnancy ends without a surviving child, further weakening hopes that Catherine will provide a second-generation Tudor prince.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Holy League
Ferdinand & the Emperor Maximilian leave the Holy League & make peace with France
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Death of Margaret
Death of James IV, Margarets husband is killed at the Battle of Flodden
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Harry
Deptford
The Henry Grace a Dieu, "Great Harry",
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Sends letters to Margaret of Austria about Marys wedding to the Prince of Castille. Offers his sister Mary as a bride to Louis XII
House · House of Tudor
Mary
Marriage
Marries Louis XII
House · House of Tudor
Tudor
Marriage
London
Marries Louis XII, daughter of Henry VII & Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Regency
Appointed Regent of Scotland
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Dockyard
London
Charters trinity House in Deptford, site of the new Royal naval dockyard
House · House of Tudor
1515 · 13 records
Margaret
Death of Margaret
Paris
Death of Louis XII, 2 months after his marriage to Margaret
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Death of Margaret
Paris
Margaret signs an oath saying she had no issues to Louis XII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Francis I Peace Renewal
London
Renews peace and friendship with the new French king Francis I after the death of Louis XII threatens the previous settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
French Financial Obligations Renewed
London
Preserves outstanding French payments owed to England while maintaining the diplomatic peace established under Louis XII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Greenwich
Mary secretly marries Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk
House · House of Tudor
Mary
Marriage
Greenwich
Secretly marries Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Birth of Anne of Cleves
Dusseldorf
Birth of Anne of Cleves, daughter of John, Duke of Cleves
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Douglas
Birth of Margaret Douglas
Harbottle Castle
Margaret Douglas is born to Margaret Tudor and Archibald Douglas, giving her a close dynastic connection to both the Tudor and Stuart royal houses.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Guise
Birth of Mary of Guise
Bar-le-Duc
Mary of Guise is born in Lorraine and later becomes queen consort of James V and mother of Mary, Queen of Scots.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Declaration of Baynard Castle
Baynard Castle
The "Kings of England in times past have never had any superior but God alone"
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Mary marries Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, in France without Henry VIII's permission
House · House of Tudor
Mary
Marriage
Mary marries Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, in France without Henry VIIIs permission
House · House of Tudor
Tudor
Marriage
London
Under the terms of James IVs will is forced to give up the regency. Marries the 6th Earl of Angus, her councillor
House · House of Tudor
1516 · 10 records
Catherine of Aragon
Death of Catherine of Aragon
Death of Ferdinand of Aragon, Catherines father
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Birth of Mary I
London
Birth of Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII & Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Birth of Mary I
Greenwich
Gives birth to Mary Tudor at Greenwich Palace.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Birth of Mary I
Greenwich
Birth of Mary Tudor daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Birth of Princess Mary
Greenwich Palace
Catherine gives birth to Mary, Henry VIII's only child by her to survive infancy and the leading dynastic heir during her childhood.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Baptism
Greenwich
Mary is baptized soon after her birth at Greenwich
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Baptism of Mary I
Greenwich
Mary Tudor is baptised at Greenwich soon after her birth.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Princess Recognized
London
Mary is recognized as Henry VIII's surviving legitimate child
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Birth of future Queen Mary I
London
Gives birth to the future Queen Mary I
House · House of Tudor
John Foxe
Birth of John Foxe
Boston
John Foxe is born in Lincolnshire and later compiles the Protestant martyrology that becomes one of the most influential works of Elizabethan religious culture.
House · House of Tudor
1517 · 5 records
Frances Brandon
Birth of Frances Brandon
Hatfield
Frances Brandon is born to Mary Tudor and Charles Brandon, placing her and her daughters within Henry VIII's extended succession settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Grey
Birth of Henry Grey
England
Henry Grey is born and later becomes Duke of Suffolk, husband of Frances Brandon and father of Lady Jane Grey.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Howard Surrey
Birth of Henry Howard
England
Henry Howard is born into the Howard family and later becomes Earl of Surrey, soldier and an important innovator in English Renaissance poetry.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Plague
London
Henry travels regularly to stay ahead of the plague
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Succession
London
Suffers from 2 miscarriages
House · House of Tudor
1518 · 40 records
Thomas Wolsey
Anglo-French Negotiations
London
Conducts negotiations with French representatives that combine a general peace project with a closer Anglo-French settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal College
London
Grants a Charter to establish the Royal College of Physicians
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas West
Anglo-French Negotiations
London
Takes part in the diplomacy that produces the Anglo-French Treaty of Universal Peace.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Collective Aid Commitment
London
Accepts the principle that treaty members should combine against a power that breaks the universal peace.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Collective Defence Clause
London
Promotes provisions requiring signatories to assist any member attacked by another contracting power.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Collective Defence Clause
London
Constructs a treaty system requiring participating powers to assist a member attacked in breach of the European peace settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Collective Sanctions Mechanism
London
Builds enforcement provisions into the peace league so an aggressor can face coordinated diplomatic and military pressure from the other signatories.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Collective Security Clause
London
Secures provisions requiring the other signatories to oppose a state that attacks another member of the peace league.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Dauphin Marriage Alliance Draft
London
Negotiates a marriage understanding between Princess Mary and the French dauphin as a dynastic guarantee of the new Anglo-French peace.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Full Powers for Treaty
London
Receives authority from Henry VIII to negotiate and conclude the Anglo-French peace settlement in London.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Ratification Timetable
London
Includes deadlines intended to bring princes and other participating powers formally into the wider peace agreement.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Treaty Design
London
Designs the Treaty of Universal Peace and places England at the centre of a proposed European collective-security system.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of London
London
Approves the Anglo-French Treaty of Universal Peace, intended to form a wider European non-aggression and collective-security league.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Universal Peace
London
Approves the Anglo-French treaty that becomes the foundation of Wolsey's wider European peace league.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Universal Peace Initiative
London
Designs the Treaty of Universal Peace as a defensive European league intended to discourage aggression between Christian powers.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Declaration of Peace
London
A "Treaty of Universal & Perpetual Peace" is signed by England, France & the Papacy
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath to Treaty
St Pauls Cathedral
Publicly swears to observe the Treaty of London during ceremonies at St Pauls Cathedral.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Pace
Peace Oration
St Pauls Cathedral
Delivers an oration praising peace during the public ceremonies celebrating the Treaty of London.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Pace
Peace Oration
St Pauls Cathedral
Delivers a public Latin oration praising peace during the St Pauls celebration of the treaty.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
St Pauls Ceremony
St Pauls Cathedral
Celebrates high mass as Henry VIII and the French ambassadors publicly swear to uphold the newly concluded peace.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Universal & Perpetual Peace
London
A "Treaty of Universal & Perpetual Peace" is signed by England, France & the Papacy
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Dauphin Betrothal
London
Is betrothed by treaty to the infant French Dauphin Francis as part of the wider Anglo-French settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage Settlement
London
Approves the separate marriage agreement betrothing Princess Mary to the infant French Dauphin Francis.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rule of Tournai
Tournai
A related agreement provides for Tournai to be restored to France in return for substantial payments to Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tournai Cession Agreement
London
Authorises arrangements for returning Tournai to France in exchange for financial compensation and a broader improvement in Anglo-French relations.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tournai Settlement
Tournai
Agrees to restore Tournai to France under separate arrangements closely connected with the London peace settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Betrothal
Greenwich
Is formally betrothed by proxy to Francis, Dauphin of France, as part of the Anglo-French settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Betrothal
Greenwich
Princess Mary is formally betrothed by proxy to Francis, Dauphin of France, as part of the Anglo-French peace settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage
Greenwich
Henrys 2 year old daughter Mary is promised to Francis the Dauphin of France
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Greenwich
Henry's 3 year old daughter Mary is betrothed to Francis the Dauphin of France
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage Treaty
Greenwich
Two year old Mary is promised to Francis the Dauphin of France
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Meeting with Francis I
London
Agrees in principle to a future personal meeting with Francis I to reinforce the new Anglo-French friendship.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
European Accession Campaign
London
Encourages other European rulers to accede to the Anglo-French agreement and transform it into a wider peace league.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
European Prestige
London
Uses the universal peace project to increase England's diplomatic influence between France, Spain, the Empire and the papacy.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Papal Peace Initiative
London
Adapts the papal call for a European truce into a broader diplomatic plan for lasting peace among Christian powers.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Restoration of Tournai
London
Agrees terms for Tournai to return to French control in return for substantial financial payments.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
French Peace Ratification
London
Ratifies the October Anglo-French peace instruments, confirming England's participation in Wolsey's wider European diplomatic settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Final Catherine Pregnancy Ends
Greenwich
Catherine's final recorded pregnancy produces a daughter who dies shortly after birth, ending realistic hopes of another surviving child from the marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Seymour
Birth of Elizabeth Seymour
England
Elizabeth Seymour is born into the family that later supplies Henry VIII's third queen and becomes connected to several leading Tudor households.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Marriage
Greenwich
Participates in the ceremony of Henrys daughter Mary to the Dauphin of France
House · House of Tudor
1519 · 8 records
Henry VIII
Reform of Royal Household
Orders Wolsey to reform his household & make it more profitable
House · House of Tudor
Eleanor Brandon
Birth of Eleanor Brandon
England
Eleanor Brandon is born to Mary Tudor and Charles Brandon, making her descendants members of the succession line descending from Henry VII.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Blount
Birth of Henry Fitzroy
Blackmore
Birth of Henry Fitzroy, son of Elizabeth Blount & Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Henry Fitzroy
Birth of Henry Fitzroy
Blackmore
Birth of Henry Fitzroy, son of Elizabeth Blount & Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of Henry Fitzroy
Blackmore
Birth of Henry Fitzroy, son of Elizabeth Blount & Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Gresham
Birth of Thomas Gresham
London
Thomas Gresham is born in London and later becomes a royal financial agent whose work supports the governments of Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defence of the Seven Sacraments
London
Begins preparing a theological answer to Martin Luther that becomes the basis of the Defence of the Seven Sacraments.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tomb
Windsor
Commissions Pietro Torrigiano to build him a majestic tomb
House · House of Tudor
1520 · 6 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
Henry VIII attends the marriage of Thomas Boleyns daughter Mary to William Carey
House · House of Tudor
William Cecil Burghley, 1st Baron
Birth of William Cecil
Bourne
William Cecil is born at Bourne and later becomes Elizabeth I's principal secretary and Lord Burghley, dominating much of her civil administration.
House · House of Tudor
Howard
Birth of Catherine Howard
Birth of Catherine Howard, granddaughter of Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage
Discussions begin to marry Princes Mary to her cousin Emperor Charles V
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Discussions begin to marry Princes Mary to her cousin Emperor Charles V
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage Discussions
London
Discussions begin about marrying Princess Mary to her cousin Emperor Charles V
House · House of Tudor
1521 · 34 records
Edward Stafford Buckingham, 3rd Duke
Buckingham Arrested for Treason
London
Edward Stafford is arrested on suspicion of treason after accusations that he entertained prophecies concerning Henry VIII's death and his own royal prospects.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham
Arrest of Buckingham
London
Edward Stafford is arrested after allegations that he discussed prophecies and the succession, placing one of England's highest-ranking nobles under royal investigation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bill of Attainder
London
A bill of attainder against Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, proceeds before his execution for treason.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham
Trial of Buckingham
Westminster Hall
Buckingham is tried by his peers for high treason on evidence concerning dynastic ambitions and prophetic claims, and the court finds him guilty.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
London
The title of Buckingham is made forfeit. Execution of Edward Stafford the Duke of Buckingham for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham
Execution of Buckingham
Tower Hill
Edward Stafford is beheaded on Tower Hill after his treason conviction, removing a nobleman whose royal ancestry had made Henry VIII deeply suspicious.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
Execution of Edward Stafford the Duke of Buckingham for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Breakdown of Treaty of London
Bruges
Authorizes the Treaty of Bruges alliance with Charles V against France, undermining the universal peace system created in 1518.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Bruges Invasion Timetable
Bruges
Negotiates a secret timetable for coordinated Anglo-Imperial action against France if wider peace efforts fail.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Bruges Secrecy Provisions
Bruges
Accepts provisions requiring the anti-French alliance to remain secret while papal approval and military preparations are arranged.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor
Imperial Marriage Clause
Bruges
Is designated for marriage to Charles V under the secret Anglo-Imperial alliance, replacing earlier French dynastic arrangements.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Secret Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
Henry VIII commits England to an alliance with Charles V against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
The Treaty of Bruges binds Henry VIII and Charles V to an anti-French alliance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
The agreement prepares the ground for Henry VIII's Great Enterprise against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
The treaty commits England to war against France in support of the Habsburg position.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
Wolsey helps arrange the treaty with Imperial representatives while England moves away from neutrality.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Great Britain and Austria and France
Bruges
Wolsey represents England in negotiations with Margaret of Austria for the anti-French alliance.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Calais Peace Mediation
Calais
Mediates between Imperial and French representatives at Calais while publicly presenting England as an arbiter in the European war.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
Bruges
English and Imperial representatives negotiate the secret Treaty of Bruges for war against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
Bruges
The agreement envisages Henry VIII invading northern France while Charles V attacks French interests elsewhere.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
English and Imperial representatives negotiate the secret Treaty of Bruges against Francis I of France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Bruges
Bruges
The Treaty of Bruges plans an Anglo-Imperial campaign against Francis I of France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
London
Henry VIII accepts plans for a major war with France in alliance with Charles V.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Award
Vatican
Pope Leo X grants Henry VIII the title Fidei Defensor, Defender of the Faith.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defender of the Faith
Vatican
Pope Leo X grants Henry VIII the title Fidei Defensor, Defender of the Faith.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and Emperor
Francis I invades Navarre & entrusts Wolsey to discuss an alliance with the Emperor
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Birth of Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Allington Castle
Thomas Wyatt the Younger is born into a prominent Kent family and later leads the 1554 rebellion against Mary I's proposed Spanish marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Knyvet
Buckingham Treason Accusation
London
Charles Knyvet gives evidence against Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, helping transform court suspicion into a formal treason case against the powerful nobleman.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defence of the Seven Sacraments
After writing Assertio Septem Sacramentorum (Defence of the Seven Sacraments) in opposition to Luther, Henry VIII is rewarded with the title Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith) by Pope Leo X
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defence of the Seven Sacraments
London
Publishes the Assertio Septem Sacramentorum, defending the seven sacraments against Luther.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defender of the Faith
After writing Assertio Septem Sacramentorum (Defence of the Seven Sacraments) in opposition to Luther, Henry VIII is rewarded with the title Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith) by Pope Leo X
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Papal Dedication
Rome
Dedicates the Defence of the Seven Sacraments to Pope Leo X as a statement of Catholic orthodoxy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reformation, The
After writing Assertio Septem Sacramentorum (Defence of the Seven Sacraments) in opposition to Luther, Henry VIII is rewarded with the title Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith) by Pope Leo X
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Style
London
Henry VIII begins using Defender of the Faith as part of his royal style.
House · House of Tudor
1522 · 14 records
Anne Boleyn
Maid of Honor
London
Appointed Maid of Honor to Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and Charles V
An alliance is agreed with Charles V against the French while a guest of Henry's
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and Charles V
Windsor
Henry VIII and Charles V confirm their anti-French alliance in the Treaty of Windsor.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
Windsor
The Treaty of Windsor postpones major joint action while keeping the Great Enterprise alive.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Imperial Marriage Plan
London
Mary is betrothed to Emperor Charles V as part of Tudor Habsburg diplomacy
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Windsor
Windsor
Signs a Treaty with Emperor Charles V. Confirms the anti-French alliance but postponing action until 1524
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Charles V Visit
London
Mary meets Charles V during his visit to England
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imperial Marriage Commitment Renewed
Windsor
Renews the projected marriage between Princess Mary and Charles V as part of the continuing alliance with the emperor.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Windsor Alliance Confirmation
Windsor
Confirms the previous Anglo-Imperial agreements and strengthens plans for joint military action against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
Picardy
Surrey's raid tests English military pressure on France but achieves limited results.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Picardy
The Earl of Surrey leads an English expedition into Picardy as a preliminary campaign against France.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey
Picardy Expedition
Calais
Howard leads English troops from Calais into Picardy, raiding French territory as Henry VIII renews continental war in alliance with Emperor Charles V.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey
Picardy Raids
Picardy
Howard's expedition burns settlements and disrupts communications in Picardy, using destructive raids to pressure France without attempting a permanent occupation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lutheran Controversy
Wittenberg
Martin Luther replies angrily to Henry VIII's Defence of the Seven Sacraments.
House · House of Tudor
1523 · 16 records
Thomas Wolsey
Calais Wool Staple Agreement
London
Concludes an Anglo-Imperial commercial arrangement regulating coinage and the Calais wool staple alongside the continuing political alliance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
London
Henry VIII prepares for the fuller invasion of France promised under the Anglo-Imperial alliance.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas More
More Requests Freedom of Speech
Westminster
Speaker Thomas More asks Henry VIII to interpret parliamentary speeches favourably, the earliest well-known Commons claim associated with freedom of debate.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas More
Thomas More Chosen Speaker
Westminster
Thomas More becomes Speaker of the Commons during Henry VIII's major wartime Parliament and represents the House before the king.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Calais
English forces gather at Calais for the invasion of northern France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Picardy
The Duke of Suffolk leads an English army through Picardy during the campaign against France.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk
Suffolk French Expedition
Calais
Brandon takes command of a large English army at Calais and begins an ambitious advance through northern France intended to threaten Paris.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk
Advance through Picardy
Picardy
Suffolk drives the English invasion through Picardy, capturing and burning towns as the army advances farther into France than Henry's previous raids.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
Picardy
English forces advance deep into northern France but fail to take Paris or force a decisive settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Retreat
Calais
Suffolk's army withdraws toward Calais after the 1523 campaign loses momentum.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk
Retreat from France
Northern France
Suffolk orders the invasion force back toward Calais as winter, sickness and supply problems make the planned advance toward Paris unsustainable.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and Imperial and Bourbon interests
London
England coordinates with Imperial and Bourbon interests against Francis I.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance league is formed comprising Henry VIII, the Habsburgs and the Bourbons
A league is formed comprising Henry VIII, the Habsburgs & the Bourbons
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Attainment
London
An Act of Attainder is passed against the Edward, Duke of Buckingham
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Commons Negotiates Wartime Subsidy
Westminster
After prolonged debate, Parliament grants a substantial subsidy while reducing the financial demand initially advanced by Wolsey.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defender of the Faith
London
Thomas More answers Luther in defence of Henry VIII's title and anti-Lutheran position.
House · House of Tudor
1524 · 2 records
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
London
Henry VIII and Wolsey continue planning a renewed invasion of France with Imperial support.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
War Finance
London
The cost of the Great Enterprise forces Wolsey to seek new ways of funding war with France.
House · House of Tudor
1525 · 44 records
Henry VIII
Battle of Pavia
Pavia
The capture of Francis I at Pavia encourages Henry VIII to revive plans for a conquest of France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant
London
Wolsey attempts to raise a forced loan to fund Henry VIII's planned war against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant
London
Wolsey promotes the Amicable Grant to raise money for Henry VIII's revived Great Enterprise.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant
London
Wolsey proposes the Amicable Grant as a forced loan to finance Henry VIII's planned war against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant Announced
England
Henry VIII's government demands an extraordinary contribution known as the Amicable Grant to finance renewed ambitions against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Taxation
London
The government seeks money without parliamentary grant, increasing resentment against Wolsey's fiscal policy.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Wolsey Directs Grant Assessment
London
Wolsey directs commissioners to assess wealth and collect the grant without normal parliamentary approval, generating widespread resistance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant
Essex
Opposition to the Amicable Grant spreads through Essex and threatens wider disorder.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant
Kent
Resistance to the Amicable Grant appears in Kent as taxpayers object to the forced contribution.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Amicable Grant
Suffolk
Taxpayers in Suffolk refuse payment and resistance grows in the cloth-making districts.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tax Resistance
Essex
Opposition to the Amicable Grant extends into Essex and weakens the government's attempt to collect the levy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tax Resistance
Suffolk
Resistance to the Amicable Grant spreads in Suffolk as taxpayers refuse the forced loan.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Amicable Grant Abandoned
London
Wolsey accepts the abandonment of the grant, leaving the crown to retreat from a fiscal policy that had produced dangerous popular unrest.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Grant Collection Suspended
London
Henry VIII orders collectors to stop pressing the unpopular levy after reports show that resistance is spreading faster than the government can contain it.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Enterprise
London
The Great Enterprise is abandoned after resistance to the Amicable Grant makes the proposed invasion unaffordable.
House · House of Tudor
John Green
Lavenham Clothworkers Resist Levy
Lavenham
Clothworkers and other inhabitants resist the levy in the Lavenham area, demonstrating the economic anger produced by the government's demand.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lavenham Revolt
Lavenham
Thousands gather at Lavenham in protest against the Amicable Grant and the burden of royal taxation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lavenham Revolt
Lavenham
Thousands gather at Lavenham to oppose the Amicable Grant and the burden of royal taxation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pardon
Star Chamber
Leaders of the Amicable Grant resistance submit before royal authority and are pardoned.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pardon
Star Chamber
Ringleaders of the Amicable Grant resistance are brought before Star Chamber and pardoned after submission.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Political Crisis
London
The failure of the Amicable Grant damages Wolsey's authority and exposes limits on extra-parliamentary taxation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of danger of
Suffolk
The Duke of Suffolk confronts organised resistance to the levy and warns of the danger of rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Rebels in Lavenham
Lavenham
The Duke of Suffolk confronts armed resistance to the Amicable Grant in the cloth districts of Suffolk.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Brandon Suffolk, 1st Duke
Suffolk Faces East Anglian Resistance
East Anglia
The Duke of Suffolk confronts organised crowds in East Anglia and reports that coercive collection could provoke a much larger rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Taxation
London
Henry VIII abandons the Amicable Grant after widespread opposition makes collection impossible.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Taxation
London
Henry VIII abandons the Amicable Grant after widespread resistance and the danger of rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Courtship
Henry VIII 1st meets Anne Boleyn, when Thomas Boleyn is created Viscount Rochford
House · House of Tudor
Henry Fitzroy Richmond
Peerage
Richmond
Created Duke of Richmond
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peerage
Richmond
Makes his illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Francis I Release Policy
The More
Commits England to help secure the release of Francis I from Imperial captivity, marking a decisive shift away from Charles V.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
French Territorial Claims Reduced
The More
Agrees to abandon several immediate English territorial claims in France in return for money and a more useful diplomatic partnership.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
More French Pension Settlement
The More
Negotiates an annual French pension for Henry VIII as the financial centrepiece of England's renewed accommodation with France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peace of the More Concluded
The More
Reaches a new peace with the French regency after abandoning expectations of major territorial gains from the Imperial victory at Pavia.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Princess of Wales Household
Ludlow
Mary is sent to Ludlow with a household associated with the Council of the Marches
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Ordinance
Eltham
Wolsey & Henry VIII draw up the "Eltham Ordinances" to reform the Household & Chamber
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Plague
Eltham
Spends a "still Christmas" away from the plague
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Radclyffe Sussex, 3rd Earl
Birth of Thomas Radclyffe
England
Thomas Radclyffe is born and later becomes Earl of Sussex, soldier, lord deputy in Ireland and a senior councillor under Elizabeth I.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Fitzroy Richmond
Council of North
Appointed Head of the Council of the North by Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
Henry VIII no longer sleeps with Catherine because she is past childbearing age
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Henry VIII no longer sleeps with Catherine because she is past childbearing age
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary Sent to the Welsh Marches
Ludlow
Mary receives a household associated with the Council of Wales and the Marches, reflecting the unusually elevated status of Henry VIII's only surviving child.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Fitzroy Richmond
Peerage
Nottingham
Created Earl of Nottingham
House · House of Tudor
Henry Fitzroy Richmond
Peerage
Somerset
Created Earl of Somerset
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Tudor
Regency Crisis
Edinburgh
Margaret Tudor's influence weakens as noble factions challenge her control over the young James V.
House · House of Tudor
1526 · 6 records
Henry VIII
Courtship
Begins courting Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
League of Cognac
London
Becomes "protector" of the Holy League of Cognac against Charles V
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
Hampton Court Anti-Imperial Alignment
Hampton Court
Uses the Hampton Court agreement to strengthen England's alignment with France against the growing dominance of Emperor Charles V.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Hampton Court Reciprocal Alliance
Hampton Court
Concludes a reciprocal obligation with France that deepens cooperation between the two kingdoms following the Treaty of the More.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Sends 200 men to guard over James Vs coronation, invited by the Earl of Angus
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
London
Catherine & Henry cease to co-habit
House · House of Tudor
1527 · 20 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Asks the Pope for an annulment
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and King Francis
Signs the Treaty of Westminster with King Francis against Emperor Charles V. Signs the Treaty of Westminster with Henry VIII against Emperor Charles V
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Westminster Anti-Imperial Alliance
Westminster
Forms a closer alliance with France directed against Imperial pressure and intended to support the release of the French king's sons.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
London
An ecclesiastical court hears Henrys requests for an annulment
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Wolsey & Warham convene an ecclesiastical court to examine the King's marriage. An ecclesiastical court hears Henry's requests for an annulment
House · House of Tudor
Philip Habsburg Philip II
Birth of Philip II
Valladolid
Philip of Habsburg is born at Valladolid and later becomes King Philip II of Spain and husband of Mary I of England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry informs Catherine they must separate & he has asked the Pope for an annulment
House · House of Tudor
John Dee
Birth of John Dee
London
John Dee is born in London and later becomes a mathematician, astronomer, navigator adviser and intellectual associated with Elizabeth I's court.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Amiens
Amiens
The peace Treaty of Amiens between France & England is confirmed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of More
More
Signed with France after the Battle of Pavia. Enforced while Francis I is Charles Vs prisoner
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wolsey
French Ransom Cooperation
Amiens
Negotiates English financial and diplomatic support for efforts to recover the French royal children held as hostages by Charles V.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-French Perpetual Peace
London
Concludes a formal treaty of perpetual peace with France that consolidates the diplomatic partnership developed since 1525.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Order of St Michael
St Michel
Installed as Knight of the Order of St Michael by Anne de Montmorency
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry informs Catherine they must separate & he has asked the Pope for an annulment. The Pope is under arrest by Catherine's uncle Charles V & does not grant an annulment
House · House of Tudor
Francis Russell Bedford, 2nd Earl
Birth of Francis Russell
England
Francis Russell is born and later becomes Earl of Bedford, a Protestant nobleman and prominent servant of Elizabeth I.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Capture of Rome
Rome
Rome is captured by the Habsburgs ruining Henry's chances of an easy divorce
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
French Marriage Negotiations
London
Mary is considered in renewed French marriage diplomacy
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
King's Great Matter
London
Henry VIII seeks an annulment from Catherine of Aragon, beginning the crisis that leads to the break with Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Male Heir Crisis Drives Annulment Case
London
Henry begins pursuing an annulment from Catherine as the absence of a surviving son becomes inseparable from the future of the Tudor succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Spring, has 1st doubts about his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Beginning of "the King's Great Matter"
House · House of Tudor
1528 · 6 records
Mary
Marriage
Mary Tudor marries Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Methven, her 3rd marriage
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Cardinal Campeggio is sent by the Pope to hear Henry's case for annulment
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Dismissal
Strips Wolsey of his assets allowing him to retire to Esher & then to York
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
French Betrothal Ends
London
Earlier plans for Mary's French marriage lapse as Henry VIII pursues annulment
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Marriage
Henry VIII asks the Pope for a dispensation for him to marry Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Henry VIII asks the Pope for a dispensation for him to marry Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
1529 · 21 records
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
London
Swears Arthur had not consummated their marriage & was a virgin when she married Henry. Appears at the divorce tribunal
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Virginity of Catherine
London
Swears Arthur had not consummated their marriage & was a virgin when she married Henry
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
London
Tells the tribunal it cannot preside over the divorce, it should be heard by the Pope
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Blackfriars
Henry claims he would Catherine back if the marriage was valid. Catherine pleads with Henry in public at the Parliament Chamber at Blackfriars
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Blackfriars Court Leaves Succession Unresolved
Blackfriars
The legatine court adjourns without granting Henry's annulment, leaving his marriage and the legitimacy of any alternative succession settlement unresolved.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Attends the divorce tribunal on final day but papal legates refer the divorce to Rome
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Cambrai
Cambrai
France & Spain make peace with Charles V, Henry is now totally isolated
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Cambrai
Cambrai
Accedes to the Treaty of Cambrai
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Chancellor
London
Henry VIII appoints Thomas More Chancellor to unite his Council
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reformation Parliament
London
The Reformation Parliament opens and becomes the legislative engine of Henry VIII's break with Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reform of Parliament
Parliament meets to begin a programme of Church reform that lasts until 1536
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Audley
Audley Chosen Speaker of Reformation Parliament
Westminster
Thomas Audley becomes Speaker as the Commons begins the long Parliament that will enact Henry VIII's break with Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peerage
Creates Thomas Boleyn Earl of Wiltshire
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas Wolsey
London
Has Wolsey arrested & sent to the Tower but he dies en route at Leicester Abbey
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Dismissal
London
Has Wolsey dismissed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Divorce
Appoints Thomas More Chancellor to get Parliament to grant him a divorce
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Maid of Honor
London
Appointed Maid to Queen Catherine. Appears at Court for the 1st time when appointed as a maid to Queen Catherine
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Pope Clement VII is a prisoner of Catherine's nephew Emperor Charles. Despite a hearing presided over by Wolsey & Campeggio the Pope denies the annulment
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Mortuaries Act Limits Death Dues
Westminster
Parliament regulates mortuary payments claimed by clergy from estates, reducing customary church charges that had generated widespread complaints.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pluralism and Non-Residence Restricted
Westminster
Parliament restricts clerical pluralism and absenteeism, forming part of the early reform programme directed at abuses within the Church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Probate Fees Act Restricts Clerical Charges
Westminster
Parliament limits fees charged by church courts for probate, addressing a prominent lay grievance against ecclesiastical administration.
House · House of Tudor
1530 · 6 records
Henry VIII
French Ransom Loan Obligation
London
Receives a formal French obligation to repay money England advances toward the ransom demanded for Francis I's children.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Salt Pension Cash Conversion
London
Converts a French obligation involving annual salt into a fixed cash payment under a new financial treaty.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Collectanea Satis Copiosa
London
Royal scholars compile arguments claiming that English kings hold imperial authority within their own realm.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Council
Hampton Court
Summons a Great Council to Hampton Court to request a divorce but is refused
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Hampton Court
Henry VIII summons a Great Council to Hampton Court to request a divorce but is refused
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Informs Julius II, approval to marry his brothers widow was against natural law. Cranmer & Foxe draft the "Collectanea" justifying Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine
House · House of Tudor
1531 · 14 records
Henry VIII
Convocation of Clergy
London
The Convocation of clergy agree to pay extra taxation
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Taxation
London
The Convocation of clergy agree to pay extra taxation
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Supremacy
London
Convocation recognises Henry VIII as supreme head of the English Church so far as the law of Christ allows.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Clergy Recognise Royal Headship
London
The English clergy acknowledge Henry as singular protector and supreme head of the Church, qualified by the phrase allowed by the law of Christ.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Praemunire
London
The clergy accept a heavy fine after being charged with praemunire for recognising Wolsey's legatine authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Salt Pension Treaty Ratified
London
Ratifies the agreement converting the French salt obligation into cash and authorises the corresponding receipt arrangements.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
Henry VIII separates from Catherine & banishes her from court
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Henry VIII separates from Catherine & banishes her from court
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Separated from Catherine
London
Mary is separated from Catherine of Aragon as Henry pressures the royal household
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Leicester
Death of Thomas Wolsey, on the way to London to answer charges of treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Leicester
Death of Thomas Wolsey, on the way to London to answer charges of treason
House · House of Tudor
William Warham
Convocation Pays Praemunire Fine
Canterbury
Convocation accepts a heavy financial settlement after clergy are threatened under praemunire, increasing royal leverage over the English Church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of England
Henry raises extra money from the clergy because of threats of invasion from Charles V
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Taxation
Henry raises extra money from the clergy because of threats of invasion from Charles V
House · House of Tudor
1532 · 20 records
Henry VIII
Supplication against the Ordinaries
London
The Commons present grievances against ecclesiastical courts and clerical lawmaking to Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Annates Restricted by Parliament
Westminster
Parliament restricts payments of annates to Rome, placing pressure on papal control of English episcopal appointments.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Commons Presents Supplication Against Ordinaries
Westminster
The Commons presents grievances against ecclesiastical courts and church lawmaking, increasing pressure on the clergy to accept royal control.
House · House of Tudor
William Warham
Clergy Surrender Independent Canon Making
London
Warham presides as Convocation concedes that future ecclesiastical canons will require the king's licence and assent.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Submission of the Clergy
London
The clergy submit their lawmaking authority to the Crown and agree not to enact canons without royal licence.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Submission of the Clergy Accepted
London
Henry accepts the Submission of the Clergy, which restricts independent church lawmaking and requires royal approval for new canons.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Resignation of Thomas More
London
Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor after refusing to support Henry VIII's break with Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Resignation of Thomas More
London
Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor after the Submission of the Clergy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-French Friendship Treaty
London
Concludes a new friendship agreement with France before renewed personal diplomacy with Francis I later in the year.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Dudley Leicester, 1st Earl
Birth of Robert Dudley
England
Robert Dudley is born into the Dudley family and later becomes Earl of Leicester, one of Elizabeth I's closest favourites and political confidants.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne Created Marquess of Pembroke
Windsor Castle
Anne Boleyn is created Marquess of Pembroke in her own right, raising her status immediately before the marriage intended to produce new Tudor heirs.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Peerage
Pembroke
Given the title of Marquise of Pembroke by Henry VIII plus an annual income of 1,000 pounds
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peerage
Pembroke
Anne Boleyn is created Marquess of Pembroke.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Calais
Henry VIII meets Francis I at Calais and seeks French support for his intended marriage to Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Dover
Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn go through a private marriage ceremony after returning from Calais.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Pregnancy
London
Becomes pregnant with Henry VIIIs child after a visit to Calais to meet Francis I
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Annates Act
London
Parliament begins restricting payments of annates to Rome as pressure increases on the papacy.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Walsingham
Birth of Francis Walsingham
Chislehurst
Francis Walsingham is born in Kent and later becomes Elizabeth I's principal secretary, diplomat and organiser of intelligence networks.
House · House of Tudor
John Hawkins
Birth of John Hawkins
Plymouth
John Hawkins is born at Plymouth and later becomes a naval commander, administrator and major figure in Elizabethan maritime expansion.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Refuses Royal Pressure
London
Mary refuses pressure to accept Anne Boleyn as queen
House · House of Tudor
1533 · 70 records
Anne Boleyn
Marriage
London
Marries Henry VIII, secret wedding while pregnant with the future Elizabeth I
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn in a secret ceremony while his marriage to Catherine of Aragon is still disputed.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Marries Anne Boleyn in secret
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Secret Marriage to Anne Boleyn
London
Henry privately marries Anne Boleyn while Catherine remains alive, creating the marriage from which he expects a legitimate successor.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pregnancy
London
Anne Boleyn's pregnancy gives urgency to Henry VIII's attempt to secure recognition of the marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Archbishop
Canterbury
Appoints Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Cranmer Consecrated Archbishop
Canterbury
Thomas Cranmer is consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury and soon becomes central to implementing Henry VIII's ecclesiastical settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Act in Restraint of Appeals
London
The Act gives final authority in matrimonial and ecclesiastical causes to courts within the king's realm.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Act in Restraint of Appeals
London
The Act in Restraint of Appeals declares England an empire and forbids appeals from English courts to Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Appeals to Rome Prohibited
Westminster
The Act in Restraint of Appeals declares England an empire and prevents major ecclesiastical cases from being appealed to Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Restraint of Appeals Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament prohibits appeals from English ecclesiastical courts to Rome and declares England an empire governed by its own sovereign authority.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine Marriage Declared Invalid
Dunstable
Cranmer declares Henry's marriage to Catherine invalid, removing the legal basis on which Mary had previously been treated as legitimate heir.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Cranmer Rules Catherine Marriage Invalid
Dunstable
Cranmer declares Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon invalid, exercising authority within the developing royal church settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
Cranmer declares Henrys marriage to Catherine null & void
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Cranmer declares Henry's marriage to Catherine null & void
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage Annulment
Dunstable
Cranmer declares Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon invalid under English ecclesiastical authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage Annulment
Dunstable
Cranmer declares Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon null and void.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Cranmer Confirms Anne Marriage
Lambeth
Cranmer formally confirms Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn, reinforcing the crown's rejection of papal jurisdiction over the case.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Marriage
London
The marriage between Anne & Henry is declared valid by Parliament & the Church
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Lambeth
Cranmer declares Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn valid.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne Coronation Preparations at Tower
Tower of London
The Tower is prepared for Anne's coronation celebrations, including accommodation, decoration and ceremonial spaces for the royal household.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne's River Procession to Tower
River Thames
Anne travels by barge from Greenwich to the Tower in a richly staged river procession accompanied by civic craft.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Goes from Greenwich to the Tower of London by the River Thames escorted by 50 barges
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Tower Coronation Festivities Begin
Tower of London
Henry's court begins several days of coronation celebrations at the Tower before Anne's public progress through London.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Eighteen Knights of the Bath Prepared
Tower of London
Eighteen esquires undergo the ritual bathing and vigil that precede their creation as Knights of the Bath.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn Cheapside Coronation Pageant
Cheapside
Anne passes elaborate Cheapside displays prepared by the City of London to honour the approaching queenly coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn Cornhill Coronation Pageant
Cornhill
A further civic pageant greets Anne as her procession continues through the decorated commercial centre of London.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne Leaves Tower for Westminster
Tower of London
Anne departs the Tower in state to begin the formal city procession toward Westminster.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation Knights Dubbed
Tower of London
Henry knights the selected men before they take their places in Anne's great procession through London.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation Procession
London
Anne Boleyn processes from the Tower toward Westminster before her coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Gracechurch Street Coronation Pageant
Gracechurch Street
London stages a civic pageant along Anne's route, using elaborate imagery to celebrate the new queen and expected Tudor succession.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Leadenhall Coronation Display
Leadenhall
Decorations and performance at Leadenhall form part of the city-wide pageantry welcoming Anne before her coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Westminster Coronation Vigil
Westminster
Anne reaches Westminster and prepares overnight for the religious crowning service to be held the following day.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Wine Fountains for Coronation Procession
London
Municipal fountains run with wine along the ceremonial route, contributing to the public festivities surrounding Anne's procession.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne Crowned with St Edward's Crown
Westminster Abbey
Anne is crowned with St Edward's Crown, an unusually elevated ceremonial distinction for an English queen consort.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne Receives Coronation Ring
Westminster Abbey
Anne receives the coronation ring as part of the traditional investiture of a queen consort.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne Receives Sceptre and Rod
Westminster Abbey
Anne is presented with the sceptre and rod before the climactic act of crowning.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne's Coronation Anointing
Westminster Abbey
Cranmer performs Anne's anointing before the investiture, giving the controversial new queen the full religious dignity of coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne's Coronation Banquet
Westminster Hall
A formal banquet follows the Abbey ceremony and concludes the principal celebrations surrounding Anne's coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne's Coronation Communion
Westminster Abbey
Anne participates in communion after the anointing, investiture and crowning rites are completed.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne's Coronation Recognition
Westminster Abbey
Anne is formally presented before the congregation as the queen whose crowning is about to take place.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Crowned on Whit Sunday, the last Queen Consort to be accorded a separate coronation
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Coronation
Cranmer personally crowns and anoints Anne Queen and delivers to her the sceptre and rod
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation
London
Thomas More refuses to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn as Queen of England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Cranmer Leads Anne's Coronation Service
Westminster Abbey
Thomas Cranmer presides over the Abbey service in which Anne is anointed and crowned queen.
House · House of Tudor
Mary
Death of Mary
Westhorpe
Death of Mary
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Excommunication
Clement VII declares Anne & Henrys children illegitimate
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Excommunication
Excommunicated by Pope Clement VII. Clement VII declares the divorce from Catherine illegal. Clement VII declares Anne & Henry's children illegitimate
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Excommunication
Rome
Pope Clement VII threatens Henry VIII with excommunication unless he abandons the marriage to Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
Clement VII declares Anne & Henrys children illegitimate
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Birth of Elizabeth I
Greenwich
Birth of Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII & Anne Boleyn, in Greenwich Palace
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Birth of Elizabeth I
Greenwich
Birth of Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII & Anne Boleyn, in Greenwich Palace
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of Henry VIII
Greenwich
Anne Boleyn gives birth at Greenwich to the future Elizabeth I.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Elizabeth's Birth
Greenwich
Gives birth to Elizabeth at Greenwich Palace.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
Anne Boleyn gives birth in Greenwich to the future Elizabeth I
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
Greenwich
Anne Boleyn gives birth to Princess Elizabeth, Henry VIII's daughter and future queen.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
London
Mary is no longer heir presumptive after the birth of Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Baptism of Elizabeth I
Greenwich
Elizabeth is christened at Greenwich in the friars church.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Christening
London
Christened & confirmed in a single ceremony at Greenwich in the Friars Church
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Christening
Greenwich
Henry VIII is so disappointed that he has a girl that he cannot attend the christening
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Elizabeth Barton
Tower of London
Elizabeth Barton, the "Holy Maid of Kent", is arrested for treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Tower of London
Elizabeth Barton, the "Holy Maid of Kent", is arrested for treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry Fitzroy Richmond
Marriage
London
Marries Mary Howard, the marriage is never consummated
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Household of Elizabeth
Hatfield
Mary is placed in the household of the infant Princess Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas Wyatt and Mark Smeaton
Tower of London
Thomas Wyatt is arrested for adultery with Anne Boleyn. Mark Smeaton is arrested for adultery with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Ecclesiastical Appointments Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament reshapes episcopal appointments so cathedral chapters elect royal nominees without dependence on papal confirmation.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Education
London
Mary is placed in the Household of the infant Elizabeth I
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
London
No longer heir presumptive after the birth of Elizabeth I
House · House of Tudor
1534 · 59 records
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
The Pope declares that Henry's marriage to Catherine is valid
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Appointment of Bishops Act
London
The Appointment of Bishops Act transfers control of episcopal appointments from papal provision to royal procedures.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peter's Pence Act
London
Parliament ends Peter's Pence and other payments formerly made from England to Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Submission of Clergy Act
London
Parliament confirms the Submission of the Clergy and limits independent ecclesiastical legislation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
Parliament gives statutory force to Henry VIII's new dynastic settlement after the break with Catherine of Aragon.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
Princess Elizabeth is recognised as heir presumptive after the birth of Anne Boleyn's daughter.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
Princess Mary is excluded from the succession after the annulment of Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
The Act declares Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon invalid for purposes of the royal succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
The Act excludes Mary from the succession and recognises Elizabeth as heir presumptive.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
The First Succession Act gives statutory force to Henry VIII's marriage settlement and succession through Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
The First Succession Act receives royal assent, settling the succession on the children of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession Act
London
The First Succession Act recognises Anne Boleyn as Henry VIII's lawful wife and her children as legitimate heirs.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
Lambeth
Thomas More accepts Parliament's power over succession but refuses the oath because it rejects papal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
Lambeth
Thomas More is summoned to swear the oath recognising Henry VIII's marriage settlement and succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas More
London
Thomas More is arrested after refusing to swear the oath required by the succession settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas More
Tower of London
Sir Thomas More is arrested for refusing to take the oath of succession
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imprisonment
Tower of London
Thomas More is imprisoned in the Tower of London after refusing the oath of succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tyburn
Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, is executed for treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of John Fisher
Tower of London
John Fisher is arrested for refusing to take the oath of succession
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bill of Attainder
London
Parliament attaints Elizabeth Barton and her supporters after her prophecies against Henry VIII's marriage policy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Kildare Rebellion
Dublin
Thomas FitzGerald, known as Silken Thomas, renounces allegiance to Henry VIII at St Mary's Abbey in Dublin.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Silken Thomas Rebellion
Dublin
Thomas FitzGerald publicly renounces allegiance to Henry VIII at St Mary's Abbey in Dublin.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Kildare Rebellion
Dublin
Silken Thomas gathers supporters after rumours that his father, the Earl of Kildare, has been executed in England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Murder
Clontarf
Archbishop John Alen is killed by followers of Silken Thomas during the Kildare rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Murder
Clontarf
Archbishop John Alen is killed by followers of Silken Thomas during the rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of a stillborn
Birth of a stillborn child to Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Kildare Rebellion
Dublin Castle
The rebels fail to seize Dublin Castle, the centre of English government in Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Rebels in Dublin
Dublin
Silken Thomas attacks Dublin Castle but fails to seize the centre of English government in Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege
Dublin
The Kildare rebels maintain pressure around Dublin while royal forces struggle to restore order.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege
Dublin
The Kildare rebels maintain pressure around Dublin while royal forces work to restore control.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Army
Ireland
English reinforcements are sent to Ireland to suppress the Kildare rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Act of Supremacy
London
Parliament recognises Henry VIII as Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Act of Supremacy
London
The Act of Supremacy makes Henry VIII Supreme Head of the Church of England, changing the political meaning of Defender of the Faith.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Act of Supremacy
London
The Act of Supremacy recognises Henry VIII as Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Church of England
London
The royal supremacy gives the English Crown jurisdiction over the national church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First Fruits and Tenths Act
London
The First Fruits and Tenths Act diverts clerical revenues formerly linked to Rome to the English Crown.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Henrician Treasons Act Enacted
Westminster
Parliament expands treason law to protect Henry's royal title, marriage settlement and ecclesiastical supremacy from defined forms of opposition.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
London
Refusal to swear the succession oath becomes a grave political and religious offence.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
London
Refusal to swear the succession oath is treated as treason against the king's authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
London
The Act requires recognition of Anne Boleyn as Henry VIII's lawful wife and of her children as legitimate heirs.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
London
The Oath to the Succession Act receives royal assent, requiring subjects to swear to the succession settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
London
The Oath to the Succession Act requires subjects to swear obedience to Henry VIII's succession settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Oath of Succession
London
The Oath to the Succession Act requires subjects to swear to Henry VIII's succession settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
The Treasons Act receives royal assent and makes malicious denial of Henry VIII's supremacy punishable as high treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Act makes it treason to deny maliciously the king's royal supremacy and lawful titles.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Act makes resistance to the royal supremacy and succession settlement punishable as high treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Treasons Act makes malicious denial of the king's royal supremacy and titles punishable as high treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Treasons Act receives royal assent and creates new statutory offences of high treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Treasons Act receives royal assent, reinforcing the succession settlement by criminalising opposition to Henry's authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First Fruits and Tenths Transferred to Crown
Westminster
Parliament transfers clerical first fruits and annual tenths from papal authority to the English Crown.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Dissolution of Parliament
London
An Act of Parliament is passed making the marriage to Henry VIII "utterly dissolved"
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Ecclesiastical Appointments Brought under Crown
Westminster
New legislation strengthens royal control over episcopal appointments by replacing papal provision with procedures directed by the Crown.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Ecclesiastical Dispensations Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament redirects authority for many dispensations previously obtained from Rome to English ecclesiastical institutions under royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imprisonment
Tower of London
Thomas More writes devotional works while imprisoned for refusing to accept the royal religious settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Marriage
London
An Act of Parliament is passed making the marriage to Henry VIII "utterly dissolved"
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Papal Dispensations Ended in England
Westminster
Legislation removes routine dependence on Rome for dispensations and redirects ecclesiastical authority toward English institutions.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Royal Supremacy Oath Administered
Lambeth
Cranmer oversees oaths requiring recognition of the new royal ecclesiastical settlement and rejection of contrary papal claims.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
An act of Parliament reinstates the succession of the daughters of Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
London
The Succession Act recognises Anne Boleyn as Henry's lawful wife and her children as legitimate heirs.
House · House of Tudor
1535 · 59 records
Henry VIII
Thomas Cromwell Appointed Vicegerent
London
Henry appoints Thomas Cromwell as vicegerent in spirituals, giving a lay minister exceptional authority to supervise reform of the English Church.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell
Valor Ecclesiasticus Commissioned
England
Cromwell directs a nationwide valuation of ecclesiastical wealth that supplies the Crown with detailed information about clerical and monastic revenues.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Treasons Act comes into force and gives legal force to penalties against opponents of royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Treasons Act comes into force, increasing the danger for those who reject the king's supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treasons Act
London
The Treasons Act comes into force, strengthening the legal penalties for opposition to royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Rebels in Maynooth
Maynooth
Kildare is defeated at Maynooth Castle, County Kildare
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Maynooth
Maynooth
Sir William Skeffington captures Maynooth Castle, the chief stronghold of the Kildare rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Maynooth
Maynooth
Sir William Skeffington captures Maynooth Castle, the main stronghold of the Kildare rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Clergy preaching papal supremacy
Cromwell orders the imprisonment of the Clergy preaching Papal supremacy
House · House of Tudor
Augustine Webster
Augustine Webster Arrested over Supremacy Oath
London
Augustine Webster is arrested after refusing the royal supremacy demanded from religious communities during Henry VIII's break with Rome.
House · House of Tudor
John Houghton
John Houghton Taken into Custody
London
John Houghton is arrested after refusing to recognise Henry VIII as supreme head of the English Church and is committed for treason proceedings.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Reynolds
Richard Reynolds Arrested for Supremacy Opposition
London
Richard Reynolds is taken into custody for rejecting the king's religious supremacy and defending continued obedience to papal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Lawrence
Robert Lawrence Arrested over Royal Supremacy
London
Robert Lawrence is detained with fellow Carthusians after maintaining that spiritual authority cannot be transferred from the pope to the king.
House · House of Tudor
Augustine Webster
Execution of Augustine Webster
Tyburn
Augustine Webster is hanged, drawn and quartered after refusing the oath recognising Henry VIII's ecclesiastical supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
John Houghton
Execution of John Houghton
Tyburn
John Houghton is hanged, drawn and quartered after refusing to accept Henry VIII as supreme head of the English Church.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Reynolds
Execution of Richard Reynolds
Tyburn
Richard Reynolds is executed for opposing the royal supremacy and defending the authority of the papacy.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Lawrence
Execution of Robert Lawrence
Tyburn
Robert Lawrence is executed for rejecting the royal supremacy and maintaining obedience to papal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Humphrey Middlemore
Humphrey Middlemore Arrested
London
Humphrey Middlemore is arrested for refusing the supremacy settlement and is held before prosecution for treason.
House · House of Tudor
Sebastian Newdigate
Sebastian Newdigate Arrested
London
Sebastian Newdigate is arrested after resisting repeated efforts to secure his acceptance of Henry VIII's ecclesiastical supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
William Exmew
William Exmew Arrested
London
William Exmew is detained for maintaining Carthusian opposition to the royal supremacy despite pressure from the government.
House · House of Tudor
Humphrey Middlemore
Execution of Humphrey Middlemore
Tyburn
Humphrey Middlemore is executed with fellow Carthusians after rejecting the oath of royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Sebastian Newdigate
Execution of Sebastian Newdigate
Tyburn
Sebastian Newdigate is hanged, drawn and quartered after refusing repeated pressure to acknowledge the king's religious supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
William Exmew
Execution of William Exmew
Tyburn
William Exmew is executed for maintaining the Carthusian refusal to accept Henry VIII as supreme head of the Church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower Hill
John Fisher is executed after refusing to accept Henry VIII's supremacy over the Church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, is executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Indictment
London
Thomas More is indicted for high treason under the legislation enforcing royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Sentence
Westminster Hall
Thomas More is sentenced to the traitor's death of hanging, drawing and quartering.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
Westminster Hall
Richard Rich gives evidence that Thomas More denied Parliament's power to make Henry VIII head of the Church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
Westminster Hall
Thomas More argues that his silence should not be treated as treason against Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
Westminster Hall
Thomas More is tried for high treason before a commission including Thomas Audley and the Duke of Norfolk.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Verdict
Westminster Hall
The jury finds Thomas More guilty of high treason after a brief deliberation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of a stillborn child
Birth of a stillborn child
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower Hill
Thomas More is beheaded at Tower Hill for refusing to accept Henry VIII's supremacy over the Church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
Sir Thomas More is executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
Thomas More is executed after refusing to accept the royal supremacy and succession oath.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Kildare Rebellion
Ireland
Lord Leonard Grey strengthens royal control in Ireland after the collapse of rebel resistance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Kildare
Ireland
Lord Leonard Grey arrives in Ireland to strengthen royal authority after the Kildare revolt.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Sentence
London
Henry VIII commutes Thomas More's sentence from hanging, drawing and quartering to beheading.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell
Monastic Visitation Begins
England
Royal visitors begin inspecting monasteries, gathering evidence about finances, discipline and religious life before parliamentary dissolution measures.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Result of Surrender of Silken Thomas
The failed Kildare rebellion ends with Silken Thomas in English custody.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Result of Surrender of Silken Thomas
Ireland
The collapse of the Kildare rebellion leaves Silken Thomas in English hands and ends his armed resistance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Surrender of Silken Thomas
Silken Thomas surrenders after the failure of the Kildare rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Surrender of Silken Thomas
Ireland
Silken Thomas surrenders after the collapse of the Kildare rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Courtship
Savernake
Henry VIII visits John Seymour & meets his daughter Jane
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Courtship
Savernake
Henry VIII visits John Seymour & meets his daughter Jane
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imprisonment
Tower of London
Silken Thomas is sent as a prisoner to the Tower of London.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imprisonment
Tower of London
Silken Thomas is sent to the Tower of London as a prisoner after his surrender.
House · House of Tudor
Guildford Dudley
Birth of Guildford Dudley
England
Guildford Dudley is born into the Northumberland family and later marries Lady Jane Grey during the succession crisis surrounding Edward VI's death.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
London
Henry VIII commutes Fishers sentence of treason to beheading. Commutes Mores sentence of treason to beheading & permits Mores family to attend
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Illness and Isolation
Hunsdon
Mary suffers illness and isolation while separated from her mother
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Interrogation
Tower of London
Thomas Cromwell visits Thomas More in the Tower and urges him to accept the oath and royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Anne Boleyn remains queen while opposition to the royal marriage and succession settlement is punished.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Refusal
Tower of London
Thomas More continues to refuse the oath while avoiding an explicit public denial of Henry VIII's supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell
Royal Visitors Question Monastic Houses
England
Cromwell's commissioners question monks and nuns about observance, property and conduct, increasing direct Crown supervision of religious houses.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
Henry VIII commutes Fishers sentence of treason to beheading. Commutes Mores sentence of treason to beheading & permits Mores family to attend
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
Sanctuary is removed from persons accused of high treason under the expanded Tudor treason law.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
The Act makes hostile speech against the king's title, marriage and succession punishable as high treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Valor Ecclesiasticus
London
The Crown surveys ecclesiastical wealth in England and Wales to assess church revenues under royal control.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Vicegerent
London
Thomas Cromwell becomes the king's chief minister for enforcing royal supremacy over the Church.
House · House of Tudor
1536 · 162 records
Mary I
Catherine of Aragon Dies
Kimbolton
Mary's mother Catherine of Aragon dies while Mary remains out of favour
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Death of Catherine of Aragon
Kimbolton
Death of Catherine of Aragon, at Kimbolton Palace, Cambridgeshire
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Kimbolton
Catherine of Aragon dies, removing Henry VIII's first wife from the marriage dispute.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Kimbolton
Death of Catherine of Aragon, Henry & Anne's offspring can inherit the throne
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of a stillborn son
London
Birth of a stillborn son, Henry believes his marriage to Anne is damned
House · House of Tudor
Catherine of Aragon
Burial
Peterborough
Buried at Peterborough Cathedral, the same day Anne Boleyn miscarries
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Death of Anne Boleyn
London
Henry believes his marriage to Anne is damned. Anne Boleyn & Henry have a stillborn son
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn Miscarries Male Child
Greenwich
Anne miscarries a male fetus, a severe dynastic setback that weakens her position because Henry still lacks a surviving legitimate son.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Burial
Peterborough
Catherine of Aragon is buried at Peterborough Abbey.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Miscarriage
London
News of Henry falling from his horse in a coma causes Anne to miscarry a male child
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Miscarriage
London
Anne Boleyn miscarries a male child, weakening her position at court.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pregnancy
London
Anne Boleyn miscarries a male child, weakening her position at court.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reformation, The
When Anne miscarries a son, the begins to reflect again on the biblical prohibitions that had haunted him during his marriage with Catherine of Aragon
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lesser Monasteries Dissolution Act
Westminster
Parliament authorises dissolution of smaller monasteries and transfers their property to the Crown, beginning the statutory destruction of the monastic system.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Dissolution of Lesser Monasteries Act
London
Parliament authorises the dissolution of smaller monasteries and transfers their property to the Crown.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Unification
London
Royal Assent is given to the bill uniting Wales & England
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Divorce
commissions Cromwell to prepare the case for a divorce
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Arrest of Mark Smeaton
London
Mark Smeaton is arested for having an affair with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Mark Smeaton
London
Mark Smeaton is arrested during the investigation into allegations against Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Mark Smeaton
Tower of London
Mark Smeaton is arrested for having an affair with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Mark Smeaton
Arrest of Mark Smeaton
Tower of London
Mark Smeaton is arested for having an affair with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Mark Smeaton
Smeaton Arrest and Confession
Stepney
Mark Smeaton is arrested and interrogated during the case against Anne Boleyn, later confessing to an illicit relationship that becomes central to the prosecution.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Court of Augmentations
London
The Court of Augmentations is created to manage monastic property taken into royal hands.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Henry Norris
Tower of London
Henry Norris is arrested for having an affair with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry Norris
Arrest of Henry Norris
Tower of London
Henry Norriss is arrested for having an affair with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Marriage
London
Cranmer declares Annes marriage void due to Henrys affair with her sister Mary
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Arrest of Anne Boleyn
Greenwich
Arrested at the May day jousts in Greenwich & taken to the Tower of London
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Anne Boleyn
Tower of London
Anne Boleyn is arrested and taken to the Tower of London on charges of adultery, incest and treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of George Boleyn
Tower of London
George Boleyn is arrested with other men accused in the case against Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of George Boleyn and Anne Boleyn
Tower of London
George Boleyn is arrested for high treason. Anne Boleyn is imprisoned in the Tower of London
House · House of Tudor
George Boleyn Viscount Rochford
George Boleyn Arrest
Whitehall Palace
George Boleyn is arrested and imprisoned in the Tower as accusations against the queen expand to include incest and conspiracy against Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
May Day
Greenwich
Arrested at the May day jousts in Greenwich & taken to the Tower of London
House · House of Tudor
Henry Norris
Norris Arrest in Boleyn Case
London
Henry Norris is sent to the Tower after refusing to confess to allegations involving Anne Boleyn, despite pressure from Henry VIII to admit wrongdoing.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Tower of London
George Boleyn is arrested for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Francis Weston
Arrest of Francis Weston
Tower of London
Francis Weston is arrested for high treason
House · House of Tudor
William Brereton
Arrest of William Brereton
Tower of London
William Brereton is arrested for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of William Brereton and Francis Weston
Tower of London
William Brereton is arrested for high treason. Francis Weston is arrested for high treason
House · House of Tudor
William Brereton
Treason
Tower of London
William Brereton is arrested for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Tower of London
William Brereton is arrested for high treason. Francis Weston is arrested for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Francis Weston
Treason
Tower of London
Francis Weston is arrested for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Richard Page
Arrest of Richard Page
Tower of London
Arrested for infidelities with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt
Arrest of Thomas Wyatt
Tower of London
Arrested for infidelities with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Arrest of Thomas Wyatt and Richard Page
Tower of London
Thomas Wyatt is arrested for infidelities with Anne Boleyn. Richard Page is arrested for infidelities with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas Wyatt and Richard Page
Tower of London
Thomas Wyatt is arrested for high treason. Richard Page is arrested for infidelities with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Tower of London
Thomas Wyatt is arrested for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
Anne Boleyn is indicted for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
London
Anne Boleyn is indicted for high treason
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn Treason Trial
Tower of London
Anne Boleyn is tried on charges including adultery and plotting the king's death, and a court composed of her political enemies convicts her.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Death of Anne Boleyn
London
Found guilty of treason & condemned to death
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Execution
London
Anne believes Henry will not allow her execution & will send her to a nunnery
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Treason
London
Found guilty of treason & condemned to death. Found guilty of treason
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Trial
London
Found guilty of treason. Anne believes Henry will not allow her execution & will send her to a nunnery. Accused by Cromwell of adultery with 5 lovers including her brother Lord Rochford
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Trial
London
Ane Boleyn is found guilty & will burned or beheaded according to Henry VIIIs wishes
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
London
Anne Boleyn and George Boleyn are tried for high treason before a court of peers.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
London
Found guilty & will be burned or beheaded according to Henry VIII's wishes
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bill of Attainder
London
Parliament passes an act of attainder against Anne Boleyn and those accused with her before her execution.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Weston
Death of Francis Weston
London
Death of Francis Weston, executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry Norris
Death of Henry Norris
London
Death of Henry Norris, executed
House · House of Tudor
Mark Smeaton
Death of Mark Smeaton
London
Death of Mark Smeaton, executed
House · House of Tudor
William Brereton
Death of William Brereton
London
Death of William Brereton, executed
House · House of Tudor
William Brereton
Execution
London
William Brereton os executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
London
William Brereton is executed. Mark Smeaton is executed. Henry Norriss is executed. George Boleyn is executed. Francis Weston is executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower Hill
George Boleyn, Henry Norris, Francis Weston, William Brereton and Mark Smeaton are executed.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Norris
Execution
London
Henry Norriss is executed
House · House of Tudor
Mark Smeaton
Execution
London
Mark Smeaton is executed
House · House of Tudor
Francis Weston
Execution
London
Francis Weston is executed
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Marriage
London
Divorced from Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn is declared invalid before her execution.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage Annulment
Lambeth
Cranmer annuls Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn before her execution.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Anne Boleyn Executed
London
Anne Boleyn's execution changes Mary's prospects at court
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Burial
Tower of London
Buried in the Chapel of St Peter-ad-Vincula in the Tower, where she remains
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Death of Anne Boleyn
Tower Green
Beheaded on Tower Green by a headsman from Calais who uses a sword
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Has Anne Boleyn executed for high treason & adultery
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Tower Green
Anne Boleyn is executed
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Execution
Tower Green
Found guilty of treason. Beheaded on Tower Green by a headsman from Calais who uses a sword
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
London
Has Anne Boleyn executed for high treason & adultery
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower Green
Anne Boleyn is executed by sword within the Tower of London.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Execution of Anne Boleyn
Tower Green
Anne Boleyn is executed after the treason proceedings, ending a prosecution built partly around accusations that she had contemplated Henry VIII's death.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Treason
Tower Green
Found guilty of treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
London
Has Anne Boleyn executed for high treason & adultery
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry VIII is betrothed to Jane Seymour
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Marriage
London
Henry VIII is betrothed to Jane Seymour
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Henry Marries Jane Seymour
Whitehall Palace
Henry marries Jane Seymour shortly after Anne Boleyn's death, renewing hopes for an undisputed male Tudor heir.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
York Place
Marries Jane Seymour, at York Place
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Marriage
London
Marries Henry VIII, his 3rd wife, the same month Anne Boleyn is executed
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Legitimacy Submission
London
Mary is pressured to accept that her parents marriage was invalid
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
London
Mary is forced to acknowledge her illegitimacy and submit to Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bishop of Rome Act
London
Parliament extinguishes remaining claims of papal authority within England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Ecclesiastical Licences Act
London
The Ecclesiastical Licences Act replaces papal dispensations with licences granted under royal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Succession Act
London
Henry VIII is authorised to determine the succession further by letters patent or by will.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Succession Act
London
The Act confirms Mary remains excluded from the succession alongside Elizabeth.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Succession Act
London
The Act declares Elizabeth illegitimate and removes her from the line of succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Succession Act
London
The Second Succession Act receives royal assent after the fall and execution of Anne Boleyn.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Succession Act
London
The Second Succession Act removes both Mary and Elizabeth from the succession after Anne Boleyn's fall.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Succession Act
London
The succession is vested in any legitimate children Henry VIII may have by Jane Seymour or a later wife.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Fitzroy Richmond
Death of Henry Fitzroy
London
Death of Henry Fitzroy, of tuberculosis
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Death of Henry Fitzroy
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Convocation Defines Seven Sacraments Debate
London
Convocation debates doctrine under royal direction as the Crown seeks an English statement of belief during the break with Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
English Church Doctrine Recast
London
Cranmer participates in drafting doctrinal statements that retain significant traditional teaching while accepting royal supremacy and reformist language.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Legitimacy
Mary & Elizabeth are bastardized, succession going to Jane Seymours son Edward VI
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Reconciled with Henry
London
Mary is reconciled with Henry VIII after signing the required submission
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
Mary & Elizabeth are bastardized, succession going to Jane Seymours son Edward VI
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
London
Mary & Elizabeth are bastardized, succession going to Jane Seymours son Edward VI
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Ten Articles
London
The Ten Articles define official doctrine for the Church of England under Henry VIII's supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell
First Royal Injunctions Issued
England
Cromwell issues injunctions requiring clergy to teach royal supremacy, discourage certain traditional practices and promote basic religious instruction.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Injunctions
London
Cromwell issues royal injunctions to enforce obedience to the king's supremacy in parish life.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lincolnshire Rising
Louth
The Lincolnshire Rising begins at Louth in protest against religious change and royal commissioners.
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Melton Captain Cobbler
Louth Rising Begins
Louth
Nicholas Melton helps lead parishioners and townspeople who seize church commissioners at Louth, beginning the Lincolnshire Rising.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Death of William Tyndale, executed in the Low Countries
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
William Tyndale is executed in the Low Countries
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lincolnshire Rebels Assemble
Lincoln
Thousands of rebels gather around Lincoln and present grievances concerning religious change, taxation, government officials and the dissolution programme.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lincolnshire Demands Rejected
London
Henry VIII rejects the rebels' demands and orders them to disperse, refusing to concede that armed subjects may dictate royal policy.
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Melton Captain Cobbler
Lincolnshire Rising Disperses
Lincolnshire
The Lincolnshire rebels disperse after the king's uncompromising response and the approach of royal forces makes continued resistance untenable.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
Yorkshire
The Pilgrimage of Grace begins in Yorkshire under Robert Aske after the failure of the Lincolnshire Rising.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
Yorkshire
The Pilgrimage of Grace begins in Yorkshire under Robert Aske against religious change and royal policy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Suppression
Lincolnshire
The Lincolnshire Rising collapses after Henry VIII orders the rebels to disperse or face royal force.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Aske
Aske Enters York
York
Aske enters York with the rebel movement in control of much of the region and restores traditional religious observances in the city.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
York
Robert Aske leads the rebels into York as the movement becomes the largest rising of Henry VIII's reign.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Darcy
Pontefract Castle Joins Rising
Pontefract
Lord Darcy yields Pontefract Castle to the rebels, giving the northern movement a major fortress, supplies and additional political prestige.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Aske
Doncaster Armies Confront Each Other
Doncaster
Aske's much larger rebel force faces the Duke of Norfolk's royal army near Doncaster, but both sides choose negotiation instead of immediate battle.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Howard Norfolk, 3rd Duke
Doncaster Truce Negotiated
Doncaster
Norfolk negotiates a temporary truce and promises that the rebels' grievances will be considered, preventing an immediate clash with the northern army.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Aske
Aske Takes Northern Leadership
Yorkshire
Robert Aske becomes the leading organiser of the Yorkshire rising and frames the movement as a pilgrimage defending religion and the commonwealth.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tyburn
Leaders of the Lincolnshire Rising are executed after the royal government restores control.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Lincolnshire Rising
Lincoln
Rebels occupy Lincoln and demand an end to religious innovations, taxation and the dissolution of monasteries.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Kendal
Louth Clergy Join Rising
Louth
Local clergy become involved as opposition to religious changes and fear of further church confiscations deepen the Lincolnshire protest.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Aske
Pilgrim Army Crosses the Humber
Humber
Aske's supporters cross the Humber and rapidly attract northern communities alarmed by religious policy and the dissolution of monasteries.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
Beverley
Rebels gather in the East Riding and the rising spreads beyond its first Yorkshire centres.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
Pontefract
Pontefract Castle becomes a major centre of the northern rebellion against Henry VIII's religious policies.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
Pontefract
Pontefract Castle becomes a major centre of the northern rebellion against the Crown.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
York
Robert Aske leads the northern rebels into York as the movement gathers wider support.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Brandon Suffolk, 1st Duke
Suffolk Advances on Lincolnshire Rebels
Lincolnshire
The Duke of Suffolk advances with royal troops as gentry leadership weakens and the Lincolnshire movement begins to disintegrate.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Aske
Pontefract Articles Presented
Pontefract
The rebel leadership presents a detailed programme demanding religious restoration, limits on government ministers and redress of northern grievances.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
General Pardon Offered to Pilgrims
Northern England
Henry VIII offers a general pardon to most participants after the rebel army disperses under promises that a parliament will consider northern complaints.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Articles of Pontefract
Pontefract
The rebels set out demands including restoration of monasteries and removal of Cromwell and other royal councillors.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Articles of Pontefract
Pontefract
The rebels set out demands including restoration of monasteries and removal of Thomas Cromwell.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Aske
Aske Invited to Royal Court
London
Aske travels to meet Henry VIII and explains the rebels' grievances while believing the king intends a genuine reconciliation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Negotiations
Doncaster
The Duke of Norfolk negotiates with the Pilgrimage of Grace rebels and offers a royal pardon.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Negotiations
Doncaster
The Duke of Norfolk negotiates with the rebels after their forces confront royal troops near Doncaster.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pardon
Doncaster
The Pilgrimage of Grace disperses after promises of pardon and a future parliament in the north.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pardon
Doncaster
The rebels disperse after promises of a royal pardon and a parliament to consider their grievances.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pregnancy
London
Jane Seymour announces that she is pregnant
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Pregnancy
London
Jane Seymour announces that she is pregnant
House · House of Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Adultery
London
Cromwell convinces Henry Anne had committed incest with her brother
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Adultery
Cromwell convinces Henry Anne had committed incest with her brother
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of George Boleyn
Tower of London
Lord George Rochford is arrested for adultery with Anne Boleyn, Anne's brother
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Birth of Edward VI
London
Birth of Edward VI, gives birth to Edward VI but dies 12 days later
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Sackville Buckhurst, 1st Baron
Birth of Thomas Sackville
Buckhurst
Thomas Sackville is born and later becomes a poet, diplomat, Lord High Treasurer and senior statesman during Elizabeth I's reign.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Coronation
York
Jane Seymour is crowned in York Minster as the nths Catholic Queen
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Court of Augmentations Established
Westminster
Parliament establishes the Court of Augmentations to administer property and income transferred to the Crown through monastic dissolution.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First Laws in Wales Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament integrates Wales more fully into English administration and law, abolishing many marcher jurisdictions.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Legitimacy
Coerced into signing an agreement that her parents marriage was invalid
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Offers to marry Madeleine the daughter of Francis I but is refused
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Parliament approves the marriage to Anne Boleyn & the break with Rome
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Offences at Sea Act Establishes Jury Trials
Westminster
Parliament changes procedures for serious maritime offences by providing common-law style jury trials for piracy and related crimes.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Poor Relief Statute Establishes Parish Responsibility
Westminster
Parliament requires organised local relief for the impotent poor while strengthening punishment of able-bodied vagabonds.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Statute of Uses Enacted
Westminster
Parliament restricts legal devices known as uses, increasing royal control over land transfers and associated feudal revenues.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
London
Forced to sign an agreement that her parents marriage was invalid & is illegitimate
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
Forced to sign an agreement that her parents marriage was invalid & is illegitimate
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Succession Act
London
Parliament declares Mary and Elizabeth illegitimate and gives Henry VIII wider authority over the succession; Edward is born the following year.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
Tower of London
Found guilty of adultery with Anne Boleyn & condemned to die by beheading
House · House of Tudor
Rochford
Trial
London
Found guilty of adultery with Anne Boleyn
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Welsh Counties Gain Commons Representation
Westminster
The Welsh union legislation provides parliamentary representation for Welsh counties and boroughs within the English House of Commons.
House · House of Tudor
1537 · 46 records
Henry VIII
Bigod's Rebellion
Settrington
Sir Francis Bigod launches a new rising after distrust grows over Henry VIII's promises to the north.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bigod's Rebellion
Hull
Bigod's attempt to seize Hull fails and the renewed northern rebellion loses momentum.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Pilgrimage of Grace
London
Robert Aske visits Henry VIII's court after the rising and seeks fulfilment of the king's promises.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of with the northern
Minor riots in connection with the northern rebellion
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Execution of the Earl of Kildare & his 5 uncles for treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Execution of the Earl of Kildare & his 5 uncles for treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Execution of the Earl of Kildare & his 5 uncles for treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Suppression
Northern England
Royal authority suppresses Bigod's Rebellion and ends the renewed northern rising.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Execution of the Pilgrimage of Grace rebels
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Executions of the Pilgrimage of Grace rebels. Execution of the Pilgrimage of Grace rebels
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Robert Aske and northern leaders
Yorkshire
Robert Aske and other northern leaders are arrested after renewed unrest gives Henry VIII grounds for reprisals.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Aske
Aske Arrested after Renewed Unrest
Yorkshire
Aske is arrested after renewed northern disturbances allow the government to treat former leaders as implicated in further rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
James Walworth
Execution of James Walworth
York
James Walworth is executed at York for persisting in Carthusian resistance to the royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
John Rochester
Execution of John Rochester
York
John Rochester is hanged in chains at York after continued refusal to recognise Henry VIII's religious supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tyburn
Several northern rebels associated with Bigod's rising are executed after the renewed rebellion fails.
House · House of Tudor
John Bulmer
Execution of John Bulmer
Tyburn
John Bulmer is executed for renewed treason after participating in northern resistance associated with the Pilgrimage of Grace.
House · House of Tudor
John Pickering
Execution of John Pickering
Tyburn
John Pickering is executed after being convicted of treason for association with the northern rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Cheyne Lady Bulmer
Execution of Margaret Cheyne
Smithfield
Margaret Cheyne is burned at Smithfield after conviction for treason arising from her involvement with the northern rebels.
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Tempest
Execution of Nicholas Tempest
Tyburn
Nicholas Tempest is hanged, drawn and quartered for supporting the renewed northern rebellion after the royal pardon.
House · House of Tudor
Stephen Hamerton
Execution of Stephen Hamerton
Tyburn
Stephen Hamerton is executed for involvement in the northern rebellions that followed Henry VIII's religious reforms.
House · House of Tudor
William Thirsk
Execution of William Thirsk
Tyburn
William Thirsk is executed for supporting resistance connected with the Pilgrimage of Grace and subsequent unrest.
House · House of Tudor
Adam Sedbar
Execution of Adam Sedbar
Tyburn
Adam Sedbar is executed for his connection with the northern rebellion and opposition to the crown's religious programme.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Bigod
Execution of Francis Bigod
Tyburn
Francis Bigod is hanged, drawn and quartered after launching a renewed northern rising that collapsed early in 1537.
House · House of Tudor
George Lumley
Execution of George Lumley
Tyburn
George Lumley is executed for treason after supporting the renewed rebellion associated with Francis Bigod.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Percy Pilgrimage Rebel
Execution of Sir Thomas Percy
Tyburn
Thomas Percy is executed for renewed rebellion after taking a leading role in northern resistance to Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Death of Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, who leaves all lands to the crown
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
York
Robert Aske is executed after Henry VIII punishes the leaders of the Pilgrimage of Grace.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Bishops' Book Published
London
The Institution of a Christian Man is published to explain doctrine, sacraments and Christian duties for the reformed English Church.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
York
Robert Aske, The leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace is executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
York
Robert Aske, The leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace is executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Matthew Bible Licensed
London
Royal approval permits circulation of the Matthew Bible, expanding authorised access to English scripture within the national church.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Pregnancy
London
Jane Seymours labour pains begin & continue for 2 days
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Birth of Edward VI
Hampton Court
Edward, the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, is born at Hampton Court Palace as the king's legitimate male heir.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Birth of Edward VI
Hampton Court
Birth of Edward VI, gives birth to Henry VIIIs only legitimate son
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Birth of Henry VIII's only legitimate
Hampton Court
Jane Seymour gives birth to Prince Edward, Henry VIII's only legitimate son to survive infancy.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Birth of Prince Edward
Hampton Court Palace
Jane Seymour gives birth to Edward, providing Henry VIII with the surviving legitimate son who immediately becomes heir to the crown.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Baptism of Edward VI
Hampton Court
Prince Edward is christened in the Chapel Royal at Hampton Court, with his half-sister Mary serving as godmother.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Hampton Court
Death of Jane Seymour from postnatal complications after the birth of Prince Edward.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Death of Jane Seymour
Hampton Court
Jane Seymour dies at Hampton Court twelve days after giving birth to Edward.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Death of Jane Seymour
Hampton Court
Death of Jane Seymour, from puerperal fever, after a caesarean section 12 days before during the childbirth of Edward VI
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Death of Jane Seymour
Hampton Court Palace
Jane Seymour dies after Edward's birth, leaving Henry with one legitimate son but no possibility of further children from the queen who bore him.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Burial
London
Lies in State for 3 weeks
House · House of Tudor
Jane Seymour
Burial
St George's Chap
Only wife of Henry VIII to be buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Burial
St George's Chapel
Jane Seymour is buried at St George's Chapel, Windsor.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bishops' Book
London
The Institution of a Christian Man sets out doctrine and instruction for the reformed royal church.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell
English Bible Ordered for Clerical Use
England
Cromwell promotes authorised English scripture as part of a wider programme to reshape preaching and parish religious instruction.
House · House of Tudor
1538 · 23 records
Thomas Howard Norfolk, 4th Duke
Birth of Thomas Howard, Fourth Duke of Norfolk
Kenninghall Palace
Thomas Howard is born at Kenninghall and later becomes the fourth Duke of Norfolk, the highest-ranking peer implicated in schemes involving Mary, Queen of Scots.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Kildares plan an
The Kildares plan an uprising to place Gerald Fitzgerald on the throne of Ireland
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell
Parish English Bibles Ordered
England
Cromwell orders an English Bible to be placed where parishioners can read it, making vernacular scripture a visible feature of parish churches.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Royal Injunctions
London
Royal injunctions order an English Bible to be placed in every parish church.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell
Second Royal Injunctions Issued
England
New injunctions require every parish to obtain an English Bible and direct clergy to discourage pilgrimages, relic cults and disputed devotional practices.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Shrine of Thomas Becket Destroyed
Canterbury
Royal agents dismantle the shrine of Thomas Becket at Canterbury as the regime attacks a cult associated with resistance to royal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Pole 1st Baron Montagu
Henry Pole Arrested
London
Henry Pole is arrested for treason during the Exeter conspiracy investigation, largely because of his family connections and alleged knowledge of opposition to Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Neville
Edward Neville Arrested in Exeter Conspiracy
England
Edward Neville is arrested during the treason investigation that targets Henry Courtenay, the Pole family and their political associates.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Courtenay 1st Marquess of Exeter
Henry Courtenay Arrested
Tower of London
Henry Courtenay is committed to the Tower after the government links him to Reginald Pole and to alleged discussions about resistance and the succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Courtenay
Henry Courtenay Arrested in Exeter Conspiracy
England
Henry Courtenay is arrested after being accused of treasonous connections with Reginald Pole and opposition to Henry VIII's religious policies.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Pole
Henry Pole Arrested in Exeter Conspiracy
England
Henry Pole is arrested as the government moves against the Pole family and other nobles suspected of involvement in the Exeter conspiracy.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Pole
Margaret Pole Arrested in Exeter Conspiracy Purge
England
Margaret Pole is arrested during the wider purge of her family after the government alleges links between the Poles and opposition to Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Pole 1st Baron Montagu
Montagu Attainder
London
Henry Pole is attainted for treason as the crown broadens the Exeter conspiracy case against relatives and associates of Cardinal Reginald Pole.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Courtenay 1st Marquess of Exeter
Exeter Conspiracy Trial
Westminster Hall
Courtenay is tried by his peers on treason charges centred on correspondence and conversations with members of the Pole family, then condemned to death.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Neville
Execution of Edward Neville
Tower Hill
Edward Neville is beheaded for treason after being implicated in the political network surrounding the Exeter conspiracy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Courtenay
Execution of Henry Courtenay
Tower Hill
Henry Courtenay is beheaded after being accused of treason and dynastic opposition connected with the Exeter conspiracy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Defender of the Faith
Rome
Pope Paul III excommunicates Henry VIII after the break with Rome and rejection of papal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Excommunication
Excommunicated by Pope Paul III
House · House of Tudor
Geoffrey Pole
Evidence in Exeter Conspiracy
London
Under interrogation, Geoffrey Pole gives evidence about conversations and contacts among his relatives, materially strengthening the crown case against Courtenay and Henry Pole.
House · House of Tudor
Geoffrey Pole
Exeter Conspiracy Interrogation
London
Geoffrey Pole is questioned about contacts among his relatives and Reginald Pole, and his testimony helps the government construct the Exeter conspiracy prosecutions.
House · House of Tudor
John Forest
John Forest Arrested for Supremacy Opposition
London
John Forest is imprisoned after continuing to reject Henry VIII's supremacy and defending papal authority despite earlier pressure to conform.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Papal Bull
London
The Pope calls upon all Christians to attack & destroy the English King
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell
Pilgrimage Offerings Restricted
England
Royal policy suppresses offerings and pilgrimages associated with shrines and relics judged superstitious or politically problematic.
House · House of Tudor
1539 · 25 records
Henry Pole
Execution of Henry Pole
Tower Hill
Henry Pole is beheaded for treason after the government links him with Catholic opposition and the Exeter conspiracy.
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Carew
Nicholas Carew Arrested for Treason
London
Nicholas Carew is arrested after being implicated in alleged treasonous discussions connected with conservative court opposition and the Exeter conspiracy.
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Carew
Execution of Nicholas Carew
Tower Hill
Nicholas Carew is beheaded after conviction for treason arising from alleged involvement in the Exeter conspiracy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Great Bible Authorised
England
The Great Bible receives royal authorisation for church use, providing the first officially approved English Bible intended for widespread parish access.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Greater Monasteries Dissolution Act
Westminster
Parliament confirms the surrender and transfer of larger religious houses, accelerating the end of monastic institutions across England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Six Articles Act
London
The Six Articles Act enforces conservative doctrine within the Church of England under royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Resignation of Bishops of Salisbury & Worcester
London
The Bishops of Salisbury & Worcester resign
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Rebels in Bellahoe
Bellahoe
Lord Leonard Grey defeats the Kildare faction of ODonnell & ONeill
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Cromwell oversees the talks and a marriage Treaty to Anne of Cleves is signed
House · House of Tudor
Hugh Faringdon
Execution of Hugh Faringdon
Reading
Hugh Faringdon is hanged, drawn and quartered after conviction for treason during the final suppression of Reading Abbey.
House · House of Tudor
John Eynon
Execution of John Eynon
Reading
John Eynon is executed for treason alongside the suppression of Reading Abbey and its leadership.
House · House of Tudor
John Thorne
Execution of John Thorne
Glastonbury Tor
John Thorne is executed with Abbot Richard Whiting after the crown moves against Glastonbury Abbey.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Whiting
Execution of Richard Whiting
Glastonbury Tor
Richard Whiting dies on Glastonbury Tor after the crown condemns the elderly abbot during the seizure and closure of Glastonbury Abbey.
House · House of Tudor
Roger James
Execution of Roger James
Glastonbury Tor
Roger James is executed with the abbot and another monk as royal authority completes the suppression of Glastonbury Abbey.
House · House of Tudor
Hugh Faringdon
Hugh Faringdon Arrested during Abbey Suppression
Reading
Hugh Faringdon is arrested as royal authorities move against Reading Abbey and accuse its abbot of treason during the final dissolution campaign.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Whiting
Richard Whiting Arrested at Glastonbury
Glastonbury
Richard Whiting is taken into custody after royal commissioners search Glastonbury Abbey and begin proceedings that lead to a treason charge.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell Essex, 1st
Marriage
Dover
A Parliamentary committee is established to examine doctrine and the Duke of Norfolk presents six questions for the House to consider, which pass as the Act of Six Articles reaffirming a traditional view of the Mass, the Sacraments and the priesthood
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell Essex, 1st
Reformation, The
Dover
A Parliamentary committee is established to examine doctrine and the Duke of Norfolk presents six questions for the House to consider, which pass as the Act of Six Articles reaffirming a traditional view of the Mass, the Sacraments and the priesthood
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
Rochester
Anne of Cleves arrives in Rochester
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Rochester
Anne of Cleves arrives in Rochester
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Cranmer Promotes Great Bible
England
Cranmer supports the authorised Great Bible and encourages clergy to make scripture accessible to parishioners.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
House of Lords Precedence Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament sets the precedence of leading officers and peers in the House of Lords, formalising important aspects of upper-house order.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Monastic Lords Disappear from Parliament
Westminster
Dissolution removes abbots and priors from the Lords, leaving bishops as the remaining Lords Spiritual and making temporal peers the majority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Statute of Proclamations Enacted
Westminster
Parliament gives royal proclamations statutory force in defined circumstances, expanding the Crown's capacity to regulate without a new Act.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Toledo
Toledo
Charles V & Francis I agree not to ally with England except by mutual agreement
House · House of Tudor
1540 · 45 records
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
Rochester
Meets Henry VIII for the first time
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Rochester
Meets Anne of Cleves for the 1st time. Feels he has been tricked by Cromwell into marrying Anne of Cleves
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Agreement with German Protestants against the Holy Roman
London
Cromwell recommends an alliance with German Protestants against the Holy Roman Empire
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and German Protestants
London
Cromwell recommends an alliance with German Protestants against the Holy Roman Empire
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
Greenwich
Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves are married at the royal Palace of Placentia in Greenwich, London by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
London
Marries Henry VIII, his 4th wife. Henry calls her "the Flanders mare" & the marriage is never consumated. Arranged by Cromwell to seek an alliance with a foreign royal house
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, fourth wife of Henry VIII of England from 6 January 1540 to 9 July 1540
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Marries Anne of Cleves, the daughter of the Duke of Cleves. Cromwell recommends an alliance with German Protestants against the Holy Roman Empire
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
Anulled because of Annes contract to the son of the Duke of Lorraine
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
Hever Castle
Receives a generous settlement, including Hever Castle, home of Henrys former in-laws, the Boleyns
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
London
Henry VIII annuls the marriage because it was without his consent
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
London
Anne was commanded to leave the court of Henry VIII
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Monastic Dissolution Completed
England
The remaining major monastic houses are closed or surrendered, leaving the Crown in possession of extensive former church lands and revenues.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell Essex, 1st
Arrest of Thomas Cromwell
Tower of London
Henry VIII has Cromwell arrested for his part played in the marriage to Anne of Cleves
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas Cromwell
Tower of London
Henry VIII has Cromwell arrested for his part played in the marriage to Anne of Cleves
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Anne of Cleves is ordered to leave court
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bill of Attainder
London
Parliament passes a bill of attainder against Thomas Cromwell after his fall from power.
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
London
Claims that her marriage to Henry VIII had been consumated. Annes betrothal to Lorraine & the non-consumation of the marriage are investigated. A formal trial into the marriage between Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves begins
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Anne's betrothal to Lorraine & the non-consummation of the marriage are investigated. A formal trial into the marriage between Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves begins
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
London
Henry VIII asks for Anne of Cleves formal consent for the trial of their marriage
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry VIII seeks Anne of Cleves's formal consent for an inquiry into the validity of their marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
London
The Church marriage tribunal finds Henry VIIIs marriage to Anne of Cleves is invalid. Sends a message to Henry VIII saying that only God can part them
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
The Church marriage tribunal finds Henry VIII's marriage to Anne of Cleves invalid
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
London
Court decrees that Anne is not Queen & will be known as the sister of the King
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Marriage
London
The marriage between Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves is anulled on the grounds that it had never been consummated, Henry claimed that he had found his bride so unattractive that he could not bear to sleep with her
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Henry's marriage to Anne of Cleves is annulled after six moninth of marriage. Court decrees that Anne is not Queen & will be known as the sister of the King
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
The marriage between Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves is annulled on the grounds that it had never been consummated, Henry claimed that he had found his bride so unattractive that he could not bear to sleep with her
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
Thomas Cromwell is executed after losing Henry VIII's confidence following the Anne of Cleves marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
Oatlands
Marries Catherine Howard, 5th wife
House · House of Tudor
Howard
Marriage
Oatlands
Marries Henry VIII, Henry VIIIs 5th wife
House · House of Tudor
Robert Barnes
Execution of Robert Barnes
Smithfield
Robert Barnes is burned for heresy after renewed conservative pressure against evangelical preaching under Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Abel
Execution of Thomas Abel
Smithfield
Thomas Abel is hanged, drawn and quartered for treason after opposing Henry VIII's marriage policy and royal supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Garret
Execution of Thomas Garret
Smithfield
Thomas Garret is burned for heresy alongside other evangelical reformers during Henry VIII's religious reaction.
House · House of Tudor
William Jerome
Execution of William Jerome
Smithfield
William Jerome is burned for heresy after condemnation for Protestant preaching and doctrine.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Grey
Birth of Catherine Grey
England
Catherine Grey is born to Frances Brandon and Henry Grey and later becomes an important potential Protestant successor to Elizabeth I.
House · House of Tudor
John Bird
Chester Diocese Established
Chester
John Bird becomes the first bishop of the newly created Chester diocese, one of several sees established from former monastic foundations.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Court of First Fruits and Tenths
London
A royal court is established to collect clerical revenues formerly associated with papal finance.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Court of Wards and Liveries Established
Westminster
Parliament creates a specialised court to manage royal rights over wardships, marriages and liveries arising from feudal tenure.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell Essex, 1st
Dynastic Marriage Negotiations at London
London
Henrys marriage to Anne of Cleves is used to protect England from France & Spain
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell Essex, 1st
Election
London
Arranges for the selection of Anne of Cleves as Henrys new wife
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cromwell Essex, 1st
Marriage
London
Henrys marriage to Anne of Cleves is used to protect England from France & Spain. Arranges for the selection of Anne of Cleves as Henrys new wife
House · House of Tudor
Hans Holbein
Marriage
Henrys court painter paints the image which Henry first sees of Anne of Cleves
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
New Cathedral Dioceses Planned
England
The Crown reorganises part of the former monastic estate into new bishoprics and cathedral foundations within the royal church.
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Pension of Anne of Cleves
Lewes
After the annulment, pensioned off to Lewes & given the title of King's "sister"
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Statute of Wills Expands Testamentary Land Transfer
Westminster
Parliament permits wider disposal of land by will, altering inheritance practice and reducing restrictions associated with feudal tenure.
House · House of Tudor
1541 · 26 records
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas Wyatt and Ralph Sadler
London
Cromwells supporters are arrested, includes Thomas Wyatt & Sir Ralph Sadler
House · House of Tudor
Margaret Pole
Execution of Margaret Pole
Tower Green
Margaret Pole is beheaded without a conventional treason trial after years of suspicion surrounding her Plantagenet family connections.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rule of Ireland
Dublin
The Dublin Parliament passes the Crown of Ireland Act declaring Henry VIII King of Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Leonard Grey
Execution of Leonard Grey
Tower Hill
Leonard Grey is beheaded for treason after accusations concerning his conduct and alliances while governing Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Fiennes
Execution of Thomas Fiennes
Tyburn
Thomas Fiennes is hanged after conviction for murder committed during a poaching expedition in Sussex.
House · House of Tudor
Walter Devereux Essex, 1st Earl
Birth of Walter Devereux
England
Walter Devereux is born and later becomes Earl of Essex, military commander in Ireland and father of Elizabeth I's later favourite Robert Devereux.
House · House of Tudor
Margaret
Death of Margaret
Death of Margaret Tudor
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Investigation
Hampton Court
Cranmer gives Henry VIII evidence alleging Catherine Howard's misconduct before and after her marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Catherine Howard
Syon House
Catherine Howard is placed under guard at Syon House after accusations of adultery and misconduct.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Catherine Howard
Syon House
Catherine Howard is placed under house arrest for adultery
House · House of Tudor
Howard
Arrest of Catherine Howard
Syon House
Catherine Howard is placed under house arrest at Syon House for adultery
House · House of Tudor
Francis Dereham
Francis Dereham Arrested in Howard Investigation
London
Francis Dereham is arrested when testimony concerning his earlier sexual relationship with Catherine Howard becomes central to the royal investigation.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Boleyn Rochford
Jane Boleyn Detained over Howard Meetings
London
Jane Boleyn is detained after admitting that she helped arrange private meetings between Catherine Howard and Thomas Culpeper.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Culpeper
Thomas Culpeper Arrested in Howard Investigation
London
Thomas Culpeper is arrested after investigators uncover secret meetings with Queen Catherine Howard and question whether his conduct constitutes treason.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Dereham
Death of Francis Dereham
Tower of London
Death of Francis Dereham, executed for treason
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Culpeper
Death of Thomas Culpeper
Tower of London
Death of Thomas Culpeper, executed for treason
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Culpepper
Execution
Tower of London
Executed after Catherine Howard confesses unchastity with Dereham & Culpepper
House · House of Tudor
Francis Dereham
Execution
Tower of London
Executed after Catherine Howard admits prenuptial unchastity with Dereham & Culpepper
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Tower of London
Thomas Culpeper is executed for treason, an alleged lover of Catherine Howard. Francis Dereham is executed for treason, an alleged lover of Catherine Howard
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Culpeper
Treason
Tower of London
Death of Thomas Culpeper, executed for treason
House · House of Tudor
Francis Dereham
Treason
Tower of London
Death of Francis Dereham, executed for treason
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason
Tower of London
Thomas Culpeper is executed for treason, an alleged lover of Catherine Howard. Francis Dereham is executed for treason, an alleged lover of Catherine Howard
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Catherine Howard
Tower of London
Cranmer hands Henry a letter accusing the Queen of living "most corruptly & sensually"
House · House of Tudor
John Wakeman
Gloucester Diocese Established
Gloucester
John Wakeman becomes first bishop of Gloucester as a former abbey is reorganised into a cathedral institution.
House · House of Tudor
John Chambers
Peterborough Diocese Established
Peterborough
John Chambers becomes the first bishop of Peterborough, converting a former monastic centre into part of the episcopal structure.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Unlawful Games Act Promotes Archery
Westminster
Parliament restricts several popular games partly to encourage regular archery practice considered important for national defence.
House · House of Tudor
1542 · 11 records
Henry VIII
Catherine Howard Attainder
London
Parliament passes the attainder condemning Catherine Howard and Jane Rochford; Henry VIII gives effect to the measure through royal assent.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Howard
Catherine Howard Condemned
London
Is condemned for treason by parliamentary attainder rather than a conventional criminal trial.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Howard
Execution of Catherine Howard
Tower of London
Is executed by beheading on Tower Green following the parliamentary attainder.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Battle of Solway Moss
London
Benefits politically from the Scottish defeat and uses captured nobles to increase English pressure on Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wharton 1st Baron Wharton
Battle of Solway Moss
Solway Moss
Wharton's English border force defeats a much larger Scottish army at Solway Moss, intensifying the military crisis that precedes the renewed Tudor invasion of Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Stuart Mary, Queen of Scots
Birth of Mary Stuart
Linlithgow Palace
Mary Stuart is born at Linlithgow Palace and becomes Queen of Scots within days, later emerging as a major claimant to the English succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage Project for Mary
London
Promotes a future marriage between Prince Edward and the infant Queen Mary, seeking a dynastic settlement favorable to England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Release of Scottish Prisoners
England
Allows captured Scottish nobles to return home under political conditions, seeking to turn prisoners from Solway Moss into supporters of English policy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First English Bankruptcy Statute Passed
Westminster
Parliament creates a statutory process for dealing with certain insolvent traders who evade creditors, an early foundation of English bankruptcy law.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First Tudor Witchcraft Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament makes specified forms of witchcraft and sorcery felony offences punishable under secular criminal law.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
King of Ireland
Ireland
Assumes the title King of Ireland under legislation passed by the Irish Parliament, replacing the older title Lord of Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
1543 · 48 records
Henry VIII
Marriage Alliance
London
Henry VIII seeks to marry Prince Edward to Mary, Queen of Scots, as a means of uniting the kingdoms.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Anglo-Imperial alliance
An Anglo-Imperial alliance is completed against France
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance Henry VIII and Charles V
London
Completes an Anglo-Imperial alliance with Charles V against Francis I of France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Alliance with Charles V
London
The agreement prepares coordinated pressure on Francis I.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-Imperial Alliance
London
Completes an alliance with Emperor Charles V against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
French Peace Consultation Clause
London
Agrees with Charles V that neither ally will settle separately with France before communicating French proposals and answers to the other.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imperial Alliance Against France
London
Concludes a twenty-five-article alliance with Charles V that restores Anglo-Imperial cooperation and prepares coordinated action against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Imperial Mutual Defence Clause
London
Agrees that attacks on specified English or Imperial territories will be treated as attacks on both allied rulers.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Joint Invasion of France Clause
London
Accepts an alliance article requiring both rulers to mount a major invasion of France within two years.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Joint Naval War Commitment
London
Promises coordinated naval forces with the emperor to operate against France after a formal declaration of war.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Bible Reading Restricted by Statute
Westminster
The Act for the Advancement of True Religion limits access to English scripture for some social groups and seeks to control unauthorised interpretation.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
King's Book Published
London
The Necessary Doctrine and Erudition for Any Christian Man presents an authoritative and more conservative statement of religion under Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-Imperial War Policy
London
Commits England to renewed conflict with Francis I.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Declaration of War
Declares war on France so that he can win the French throne
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Declaration of War
London
Declares war on France as England joins the wider Habsburg-Valois conflict.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
War with France
London
Declares war on France as part of his alliance with Charles V.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Anglo-Scottish Marriage Treaty
Greenwich
The treaty proposes marriage between Prince Edward and Mary Queen of Scots.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Third Succession Act
London
Third Succession Act restores Mary to the succession after Edward
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Greenwich
Greenwich
Agrees the Treaty of Greenwich with Scottish representatives.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Greenwich
Greenwich
The Treaty of Greenwich agrees peace and proposes the marriage of Prince Edward to Mary, Queen of Scots.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Treaty of Greenwich
Greenwich
Henry secures the Treaty of Greenwich proposing marriage between Prince Edward and Mary, Queen of Scots, a settlement whose rejection helps trigger renewed invasion.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Parr
Catherine Parr Becomes Queen
Hampton Court
Becomes Henry VIII's sixth queen consort.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage
London
Marries Catherine Parr, 6th wife, widow of Lord Latimer
House · House of Tudor
Parr
Marriage
London
Marries Henry VIII, his 6th wife, she is the widow of Lord Latimer
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Marriage to Catherine Parr
Hampton Court
Marries Catherine Parr at Hampton Court Palace.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Parr
Marriage to Henry VIII
Hampton Court
Marries Henry VIII in the Queen's Privy Closet at Hampton Court.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Sixth Marriage of Henry VIII
Hampton Court
Takes Catherine Parr as his sixth and final wife.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Greenwich
Edinburgh
Regent Arran ratifies the Treaty of Greenwich before Scottish opposition to the English marriage hardens.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Scottish Policy Hardens
London
Turns increasingly toward coercion after the marriage treaty collapses.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Greenwich
Edinburgh
The Scottish Parliament rejects the Treaty of Greenwich and the proposed marriage alliance with England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Greenwich Rejected
London
Receives news that Scotland has rejected the Greenwich settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Declaration of War
War is declared by Henry in an attempt to force the Scots to agree to a marriage between Edward and the infant queen, thereby creating a new alliance between Scotland and England
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Declaration of War
London
Henry VIII prepares war against Scotland after the rejection of the Greenwich marriage settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of Scotland
Following it's break with Rome, England decided to attack Scotland, partly to destroy the Auld Alliance, and prevent Scotland being used as a springboard for future invasion by France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of Scotland
The Rough Wooing is a war between Scotland and England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of Scotland
partly to weaken Scotland, and partly to force Scotland to agree to a marriage alliance between its child Queen Mary and the English heir apparent Edward, son of King Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Advancement of True Religion Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament restricts Bible reading by social status and seeks to control unauthorised religious interpretation during Henry's conservative reaction.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reballion of Rebels in Kent
Kent
The Prebendaries plot in Kent is supports grass-roots Reformation
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Reformation, The
Kent
The Prebendaries plot in Kent is supports grass-roots Reformation
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Parr
Royal Household
London
Develops close relationships with Henry VIII's children.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Second Laws in Wales Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament completes further administrative and judicial arrangements for Wales within the unified legal structure created under Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Walter Bucler
Secretary of Catherine Parr
Appointed Secretary to Catherine Parr
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Parr
Tudor Family Reconciliation
London
Encourages a more united Tudor royal household.
House · House of Tudor
John Cheke
Tutor
London
Appointed Tutor to Prince Edward & Princess Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Anthony Cook
Tutor
London
Appointed Tutor to Prince Edward & Princess Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Richard Cox
Tutor
London
Appointed Tutor to Prince Edward & Princess Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Unification
London
An Act of Parliament extends all English law to Wales
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
War with France
London
Prepares for renewed war with France while also pursuing the Rough Wooing against Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
1544 · 38 records
Henry VIII
King's Style Act
London
Parliament confirms Henry VIII's royal style including King of Ireland, Defender of the Faith and Supreme Head of the Church of England and Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
King's Style Act
London
Parliament confirms Henry VIII's style as Defender of the Faith and Supreme Head of the Church of England and Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
King's Style Act
London
The King's Style Act makes it treason to attempt to deprive Henry VIII of his royal titles and religious style.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Third Succession Act
London
Elizabeth is restored to the line of succession after Mary, without reversing her illegitimacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Third Succession Act
London
Mary is restored to the line of succession after Edward, without reversing her illegitimacy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Third Succession Act
London
The Act places Prince Edward first in the line of succession as Henry VIII's male heir.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Third Succession Act
London
The Third Succession Act receives royal assent, revising the Tudor succession settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Third Succession Act Enacted
Westminster
Parliament restores Mary and Elizabeth to the succession after Edward while leaving questions surrounding their legitimacy formally unresolved.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treason Act
London
The Treason Act allows treasons committed outside the king's dominions to be tried within England.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rough Wooing
London
The Privy Council issues instructions for Hertford's punitive expedition against Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Earl of Hertford
Fleet Sails for Scotland
Tynemouth
Seymour assembles troops and shipping at Tynemouth before sailing north with the invasion force ordered to devastate Scottish centres and compel the royal marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of Scotland
Berwick-upon-Tweed
Edward Seymour, Lord Hertford, gathers English forces for the invasion of southern Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Burning of Edinburgh
Leith
Hertford's army lands at Leith during the punitive expedition ordered by Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Earl of Hertford
Landing at Leith
Leith
Seymour lands the English invasion army at Leith, securing a coastal base from which his forces can attack Edinburgh and the surrounding countryside.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Burning of Edinburgh
Edinburgh
English forces sack and burn Edinburgh as part of Henry VIII's Rough Wooing policy.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Earl of Hertford
Burning of Edinburgh
Edinburgh
Seymour's troops burn large parts of Edinburgh after failing to take the castle, carrying out Henry VIII's punitive invasion strategy against Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Earl of Hertford
Burning of Dunbar
Dunbar
Seymour's returning army burns Dunbar and other settlements while marching south, extending the devastation of the 1544 invasion into the Scottish Borders.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Burning of Edinburgh
Holyrood
Holyrood Abbey and nearby buildings suffer destruction during Hertford's raid.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Earl of Hertford
Destruction of Leith
Leith
English forces destroy and burn much of Leith before withdrawing, damaging Scotland's principal east-coast port during the invasion.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
English Litany Introduced
England
Cranmer prepares an English litany authorised for public worship, one of the first major English-language services used throughout the realm.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Calais
English forces gather in the Pale of Calais for a two-pronged campaign against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
France
Orders Norfolk toward Montreuil and Suffolk toward Boulogne during the French campaign.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Appointment of John Cheke
John Cheke is summoned from Cambridge to help educate Prince Edward in languages, scripture, philosophy and the liberal sciences.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of France
Henry VIII crosses the Channel with an invasion force during the renewed war against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege of Boulogne
Boulogne-sur-Mer
The Duke of Suffolk begins the English siege of Boulogne-sur-Mer.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Siege of Boulogne
Boulogne
Henry concentrates his main invasion army around Boulogne, making the fortified port the central objective of his renewed war against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege of Montreuil
Montreuil
Norfolk's army begins operations against Montreuil but fails to take the town.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk
Siege of Montreuil
Montreuil
Norfolk leads the second English army against Montreuil while Henry attacks Boulogne, dividing the invasion into two major siege operations.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege of Boulogne
Boulogne-sur-Mer
English artillery bombards Boulogne as Henry VIII takes personal command of the siege.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege of Boulogne
Boulogne-sur-Mer
The French garrison agrees to surrender after English mining and bombardment breach the defences.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Capture of Boulogne
Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne falls to Henry VIII and becomes an English possession on the French coast.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Capture of Boulogne
Boulogne
Boulogne surrenders after siege operations directed by Henry VIII, giving England a costly continental possession that must then be defended against France.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Crepy
Crepy-en-Laonnois
Charles V makes separate peace with France, leaving Henry VIII isolated in the war.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Return from France
Calais
Henry VIII leaves France after ordering Boulogne to be held against French counter-attack.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Siege of Boulogne
Boulogne-sur-Mer
A French assault nearly retakes Boulogne but is repulsed by the English garrison.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Assured Scots
Scotland
Henry VIII cultivates Scottish nobles willing to support the English marriage alliance.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Education of Edward VI
Hertford
Edward receives an intensive humanist education centred on Latin, Greek, scripture, rhetoric and classical authors.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Regency Council Named
London
Mary is included among potential heirs under Henry VIII's later succession arrangements
House · House of Tudor
1545 · 17 records
Henry VIII
Fortification
Boulogne-sur-Mer
English engineers and labourers work to strengthen Boulogne as a fortified continental possession.
House · House of Tudor
Ralph Eure 3rd Baron Eure
Battle of Ancrum Moor
Ancrum Moor
Eure's raiding army is defeated by Scottish forces at Ancrum Moor, temporarily checking the destructive English incursions associated with the Rough Wooing.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Battle of Ancrum Moor
Ancrum Moor
Scottish forces defeat an English army at Ancrum Moor during the Rough Wooing.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of England
A French fleet attempts to invade England to divert Henry VIII from Boulogne-sur-Mer
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Invasion of England
Isle of Wight
A French fleet threatens England and lands forces on the Isle of Wight during the campaign.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Battle of the Solent
Solent
The French fleet confronts English naval forces in the Solent during the attempted invasion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Mary Rose
Solent
The Mary Rose sinks during the naval fighting against the French fleet in the Solent.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Earl of Hertford
Autumn Invasion of Scotland
Scottish Borders
Seymour returns with another large English force and conducts a renewed destructive campaign through the Borders after the setback at Ancrum Moor.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Stuart Darnley
Birth of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
Temple Newsam
Henry Stuart is born at Temple Newsam to Margaret Douglas and Matthew Stewart, giving him strong dynastic claims through both Tudor and Stuart descent.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
First Chantries Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament authorises seizure of specified chantry and collegiate revenues, extending royal intervention into institutions supporting prayers for the dead.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Grey
Birth of Mary Grey
England
Mary Grey is born as the youngest daughter of Frances Brandon and Henry Grey, placing her within the Tudor-descended Suffolk succession line.
House · House of Tudor
George Wishart
Death of George Wishart
London
Henry VIIIs political agent in Scotland is arrested & executed by Cardinal Beaton
House · House of Tudor
George Wishart
Execution
London
Henry VIIIs political agent in Scotland is arrested & executed by Cardinal Beaton
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Fortification
Borders
English commanders strengthen frontier positions to maintain pressure on Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
John Baker
John Baker Becomes Commons Speaker
Westminster
John Baker becomes Speaker and continues in office through the final Henrician Parliament and much of Edward VI's reign.
House · House of Tudor
Parr
Prayers Stirring the Mind Unto Heavenly Meditation
Publication of "Prayers Stirring the Mind Unto Heavenly Meditation"
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rough Wooing
Borders
English border warfare continues as Henry VIII tries to force Scotland to accept the Edward and Mary marriage.
House · House of Tudor
1546 · 51 records
Elizabeth I
Death of Elizabeth I
London
Death of Henry VIII, Elizabeth hears the news at Enfield
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Assassination of Beaton
St Andrews
Cardinal Beaton is assassinated by Protestant lairds hostile to his pro-French and anti-English policy.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Assassination of Beaton
St Andrews
Has Beaton assassinated by Fife Protestants who oppose his pro-French policy
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peace Negotiations
Calais
Negotiations resume as England and France seek to end the costly war over Boulogne.
House · House of Tudor
William Paget
Boulogne Restitution Schedule
Camp
Negotiates terms allowing England to hold Boulogne until France makes the large payment required for its eventual restoration.
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Wotton
Free Commerce Peace Clause
Camp
Helps negotiate restoration of peaceful commerce and the removal of recent wartime trade restrictions between England and France.
House · House of Tudor
William Paget
French Pension Renewal
Camp
Secures renewed French pension obligations derived from earlier Anglo-French treaties while negotiating the final peace settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peace
London
Ends 2 yrs of conflict between Henry VIII & Francois I
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Peace Treaty at Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne-sur-Mer
The Anglo-French peace Treaty gives England control of Boulogne-sur-Mer for 8 years
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rule of Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne-sur-Mer
The Anglo-French peace treaty leaves England in control of Boulogne-sur-Mer for eight years.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rule of Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne-sur-Mer
The peace settlement provides that Boulogne will later be returned to France for a large payment.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Scottish Inclusion in French Peace
Camp
Accepts Scotland's inclusion within the Anglo-French peace while reserving England's right to respond to any new Scottish offence.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Tudor Henry VIII
Treaty of Ardres
Ardres
Henry concludes peace with France at Ardres, ending the invasion war while retaining Boulogne temporarily under the treaty's terms.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Camp
Camp
The Treaty of Camp ends the war and allows England to retain Boulogne temporarily.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Treaty of Campe
Campe
The Anglo-French peace Treaty gives England control of Boulogne-sur-Mer for 8 years
House · House of Tudor
Anne Askew
Anne Askew Arrested for Heresy
London
Anne Askew is arrested again for heresy, questioned about Protestant beliefs and court connections, and later transferred into harsher custody.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
St Andrews Castle
St Andrews
The Castilians hold St Andrews Castle and seek English support after the killing of Cardinal Beaton.
House · House of Tudor
Anne Askew
Death of Anne Askew
Smithfield
Death of Anne Askew, executed
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
Smithfield
Anne Askew is burnt at Smithfield for heresy
House · House of Tudor
Anne Askew
Execution
Smithfield
Burnt for heresy, a believer in Reformation she is found to have Court connections
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Execution
Smithfield
Anne Askew is burnt at Smithfield for heresy
House · House of Tudor
Anne Askew
Reformation, The
Smithfield
Burnt for heresy, a believer in Reformation she is found to have Court connections
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Boulogne Peace Ratification
Westminster
Confirms the settlement governing Boulogne, French payments and the restoration of peaceful relations after the costly war.
House · House of Tudor
Anthony Denny
Chief Gentleman
Appointed Chief Gentleman of the King's Privy Chamber
House · House of Tudor
Henry Howard
Arrest of Henry Howard
London
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, is arrested for treason after accusations concerning his heraldic arms and supposed dynastic pretensions alarm Henry VIII.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Thomas Howard and Henry Howard
London
After the arrests of Norfolk & Surrey Henry ousts them from the Regency Council
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Howard Norfolk, 3rd Duke
Thomas Howard Arrested before Henry VIII's Death
London
Thomas Howard is arrested with his son during Henry VIII's final political purge and is sent to the Tower on suspicion of treason.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Regency
London
The Regency Council will rule by majority, there is no provision for a Protector
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
London
Henry VIII revises his will, naming Edward, Mary and Elizabeth in the succession and providing a council for Edward's minority.
House · House of Tudor
Mary
Succession
If Henry VIIIs daughters die childless then succession will pass to his sister Mary
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Will
London
Henry VIII revises his will to confirm Edward, Mary and Elizabeth in the succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Will
London
The succession provisions follow the Third Succession Act and place Edward first in line.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Will
London
The will names a council to govern during Prince Edward's minority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Will
London
Henry VIII's will is finalised before his death and later used to govern the succession.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Will
London
Henry VIII's will uses statutory authority to confirm Edward, Mary and Elizabeth in the Tudor succession.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Grey
Grey Line Retained in Contingent Succession
London
Henry VIII's final succession arrangements leave descendants of his younger sister Mary Tudor's Grey line as contingent heirs after his own children.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Grey
Younger Grey Line Remains Eligible
London
Mary Grey remains within the junior Tudor-descended line contemplated by Henry VIII's final settlement if his children leave no lawful descendants.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Arrest of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Tower of London
Arrested for advocating that his father become Regent after Henry VIII's death
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Classical Studies
Edward's tutors report strong progress in Latin composition, scripture and classical texts before his accession.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Crome
Death of Edward Crome
London
Death of Edward Crome, Executed
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Henry VIII Will
London
Henry VIII's final will confirms Edward first in the succession, followed by Mary and Elizabeth if Edward dies without heirs.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wriothesley
Katherine Parr Arrest Attempt
London
Thomas Wriothesley arrives with authority to arrest Katherine Parr, but Henry VIII angrily dismisses the attempt after reconciling with his queen.
House · House of Tudor
Stephen Gardiner
Katherine Parr Heresy Plot
London
Stephen Gardiner leads conservative efforts to implicate Queen Katherine Parr in heresy, hoping to destroy the reformist influence surrounding Henry VIII's final queen.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Rough Wooing
Scotland
The war remains unresolved at Henry VIII's death, with England still seeking to impose the marriage alliance on Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
Henry VIIIs will confirms the 3rd Act of Succession
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Succession
Henry VIII's will confirms the 3rd Act of Succession
House · House of Tudor
John Cheke
Trial
Winchester
Placed on a committee of enquiry by Henry VIII to examine Sacramentaianism
House · House of Tudor
Richard Cox
Trial
Winchester
Placed on a committee of enquiry by Henry VIII to examine Sacramentaianism
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Trial
London
Suspects sacramentarianism & launches an investigation. Catherine submits to her husbands will & the inquiry ends
House · House of Tudor
Parr
Trial
London
Henry suspects sacramentarianism. Catherine is questioned but she submits to her husbands will & the inquiry ends
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Will
Elizabeth & Mary are left an income of 3,000 pounds pa until they marry
House · House of Tudor
1547 · 51 records
Edward VI
Accession
London
Edward succeeds Henry VIII as King of England at the age of nine.
House · House of Tudor
Anthony Denny
Death of Anthony Denny
London
Henry VIIs will is stamped under the supervision of Somerset, Paget, Herbert & Denny
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
Death of Henry VIII at Whitehall Palace.
House · House of Tudor
Paget Beaudesert, 1st
Death of Paget
London
Henry VIIs will is stamped under the supervision of Somerset, Paget, Herbert & Denny. Drafts a clause giving the Regency Council "full power & authority"
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward VI Accedes to the Throne
London
Edward becomes king on Henry VIII's death, placing the crown in the hands of the only surviving legitimate Tudor son.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Edward VI Accession
London
Mary becomes heir presumptive after Edward VI under Henry VIII's settlement
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Henry VIII Dies
London
Henry VIII dies and Edward VI succeeds before Mary
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Will
London
The will takes effect after Henry VIII dies, leaving the Crown to Edward VI under a regency council.
House · House of Tudor
Henry VIII
Death of Henry VIII
London
News of Henry VIII's death is publicly released after being kept secret for three days.
House · House of Tudor
Paget Beaudesert, 1st
Death of Paget
London
Implements the "unfulfilled gifts clause" rewarding Somesets supporters
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward VI Proclaimed King
London
Edward is publicly proclaimed king, implementing the succession order established by statute and Henry VIII's will.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward Moves to Tower before Coronation
Tower of London
Edward enters the Tower before the coronation, following the traditional sequence used by earlier English monarchs.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Coronation Procession
London
Edward takes part in the traditional procession through London on the eve of his coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward's City Procession Begins
London
Edward travels through London in a formal public procession on the eve of his coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward's Coronation Knights Created
Tower of London
Ceremonial knighthoods accompany the young king's pre-coronation celebrations at the Tower.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward's Coronation Pageants
London
Civic pageants along the processional route present political and religious messages appropriate to the new Protestant-leaning reign.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Edward VI is crowned at Westminster Abbey while still a minor.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Cranmer Anoints Edward VI
Westminster Abbey
Cranmer anoints Edward in the sacred portion of the coronation ceremony.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Cranmer Prepares Edward's Service
Westminster Abbey
Cranmer prepares the coronation liturgy for the minor king, retaining traditional structure while adapting the service to the circumstances of the reign.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward Receives Coronation Regalia
Westminster Abbey
Edward is invested with the principal symbols of kingship before his crowning.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward Receives Homage
Westminster Abbey
Leading peers perform homage to the newly crowned minor king after the crowning rite.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward VI Crowned
Westminster Abbey
Edward receives the crown in Westminster Abbey and becomes the first Protestant-raised Tudor monarch to undergo the rite.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward's Coronation Communion
Westminster Abbey
The service closes with Edward receiving communion, completing the religious inauguration of the nine-year-old Tudor king.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward's Coronation Feast
Westminster Hall
A formal banquet follows the coronation and completes the public inauguration of Edward's reign.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward's Coronation Oath
Westminster Abbey
The nine-year-old king swears the coronation oath as the service establishes his public obligations as monarch.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward's Coronation Recognition
Westminster Abbey
The young Edward is shown to the assembled worshippers for their recognition before he undertakes the obligations of kingship.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward's Coronation Council Planning
London
The regency government plans a coronation suitable for a nine-year-old king while preserving the essential religious and political rites.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Somerset, 1st Duke
Somerset Directs Coronation Arrangements
London
Edward Seymour takes a leading role in organising the young king's accession ceremonies and public inauguration.
House · House of Tudor
Parr
Marriage
Catherine Parr & Thomas Seymour are betrothed
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Boulogne Boundary Agreement
Boulogne
Approves a treaty defining the territorial limits of the English-held Boulogne district under the earlier peace settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
French Peace Inheritance Confirmed
London
Confirms the Anglo-French settlement inherited from Henry VIII and accepts the existing arrangements governing Boulogne.
House · House of Tudor
Michael Stanhope
Budget
London
The stamp enables Somerset to warrant financial business & raise troops
House · House of Tudor
Michael Stanhope
Chief Gentleman
Appointed Chief Genleman of the Privy Chamber to Edward VI
House · House of Tudor
Michael Stanhope
Keeper of King's Stamp
London
Appointed Keeper of the King's Stamp
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Smith
Secretary of Edward VI
Appointed King's Secretary
House · House of Tudor
Parr
Marriage
London
Marries Thomas Seymour
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Book of Homilies Authorised
England
A collection of approved homilies is issued so clergy can deliver consistent Protestant teaching even where trained preachers are unavailable.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edwardian Royal Injunctions Issued
England
Royal injunctions order further reform of parish worship, preaching and images during the opening months of Edward VI's Protestant government.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset
Battle of Pinkie
Pinkie Cleugh
Somerset defeats the Scottish army at Pinkie in the largest battle of the campaign, using coordinated infantry, cavalry, artillery and naval gunfire.
House · House of Tudor
Andrew Dudley
Capture of Broughty Castle
Broughty Castle
Dudley secures Broughty Castle for England, creating a fortified position on the Tay that extends the Tudor occupation far beyond the eastern Borders.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset
Crossing of the Scottish Border
Berwick-upon-Tweed
Somerset marches the main English army from Berwick into Scotland, renewing the Tudor attempt to force a dynastic settlement by direct invasion.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset
Occupation of Leith
Leith
After Pinkie, Somerset's forces occupy Leith and use the port while consolidating the coastal route supporting the English invasion.
House · House of Tudor
William Grey 13th Baron Grey de Wilton
East Lothian Garrisons
East Lothian
Grey helps establish and command fortified English positions in East Lothian as occupation replaces short raids as the central strategy of the invasion.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward VI's First Parliament Opens
Westminster
Edward VI's first Parliament assembles and begins a wide programme of Protestant, criminal and social legislation under the regency government.
House · House of Tudor
John Seymour
First Commons Journal Begun
Westminster
Clerk John Seymour begins the first surviving continuous manuscript Journal recording daily proceedings of the House of Commons.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Chantries Dissolution Act Enacted
Westminster
A new Chantries Act transfers chantry foundations and much of their property to the Crown, weakening institutions devoted to intercessory masses.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Communion in Both Kinds Required
Westminster
Parliament permits and requires lay communicants to receive both bread and wine, marking a major liturgical change from late medieval practice.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edwardian Chantries Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament dissolves chantries, religious guilds and related foundations, transferring substantial property to the Crown.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edwardian Treason Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament repeals several expansive Henrician treason provisions and requires stronger evidential safeguards in many treason prosecutions.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edwardian Vagrancy Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament imposes exceptionally severe penalties on persistent vagrancy while attempting to regulate labour and poverty.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
St Stephen's Chapel Assigned to Commons
Westminster
Edward VI grants St Stephen's Chapel for regular Commons use, giving the lower House a permanent chamber within the Palace of Westminster.
House · House of Tudor
1548 · 13 records
William Grey 13th Baron Grey de Wilton
Fortification of Haddington
Haddington
Grey develops Haddington as the principal English fortress in occupied Scotland, providing a heavily defended base for continued military pressure.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Removal of Images Accelerated
England
Government orders encourage removal of images considered objects of superstition, transforming the visual environment of many parish churches.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Order of Communion Issued
England
Cranmer's Order of Communion introduces English forms for administering communion while the Latin Mass remains temporarily in use.
House · House of Tudor
Stephen Gardiner
Stephen Gardiner Committed to the Fleet
Fleet Prison
Stephen Gardiner is imprisoned after resisting the religious programme imposed by Edward VI's government and refusing to satisfy the council's demands.
House · House of Tudor
Andre Montalembert Sieur d Esse
French Intervention in Scotland
Leith
Montalembert arrives with French troops to support Scotland, turning the Tudor invasion into a wider Anglo-French struggle over the occupation.
House · House of Tudor
William Grey 13th Baron Grey de Wilton
Siege of Haddington
Haddington
Grey commands the English garrison as Scottish and French forces begin a prolonged siege of Haddington, the key stronghold of the Tudor occupation.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Stuart Mary, Queen of Scots
Departure for France
Dumbarton
Mary sails from Scotland to France after the English victories and occupation, frustrating the Tudor plan to force her marriage to Edward VI.
House · House of Tudor
Parr
Birth of Mary Seymour
Birth of Mary Seymour, daughter of Catherine Parr & Thomas Seymour
House · House of Tudor
Parr
Burial
Sudeley
Buried in Sudeley Castle
House · House of Tudor
Parr
Death of Parr
London
Death of Catherine Parr, dies in childbirth
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Clerical Marriage Restrictions Relaxed
England
Edwardian reformers move toward recognising clerical marriage, challenging the compulsory celibacy associated with the pre-Reformation priesthood.
House · House of Tudor
Andrew Dudley
Defence of Broughty
Broughty Castle
Dudley strengthens the English position at Broughty against Scottish attacks, maintaining a remote occupation base supplied by sea during the continuing war.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Seymour 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley
Seymour Marriage Ambition
London
After Katherine Parr's death, Thomas Seymour renews plans to marry Princess Elizabeth, a match that could have given him exceptional influence over the Tudor succession.
House · House of Tudor
1549 · 41 records
Thomas Seymour 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley
Attempted Access to Edward VI
Hampton Court Palace
Thomas Seymour enters the royal apartments at night during an alleged attempt to gain control of Edward VI, and the king's barking dog is shot.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Seymour Seymour of Sudeley
Thomas Seymour Arrested by the Council
London
Thomas Seymour is arrested after the council accuses him of unlawful political schemes involving the young king and Princess Elizabeth.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
First Act of Uniformity Passed
Westminster
Parliament requires a single authorised English liturgy, establishing nationwide use of the first Book of Common Prayer.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Seymour 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley
Arrest of Thomas Seymour
London
The council arrests Thomas Seymour after the Hampton Court incident and investigates accusations that he intended to seize the king and advance his own power.
House · House of Tudor
Katherine Ashley
Detention in Seymour Inquiry
Tower of London
Katherine Ashley is detained and questioned about Thomas Seymour and Princess Elizabeth as councillors investigate whether a marriage scheme concealed a wider political conspiracy.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Seymour
Execution of Thomas Seymour
Tower Hill
Thomas Seymour is beheaded for treason after political manoeuvring against the Protectorate government of his brother Edward Seymour.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
First Book of Common Prayer Published
London
Cranmer's first Book of Common Prayer provides a uniform English order for daily worship, communion and other rites.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Prayer Book Use Becomes Compulsory
England
Parishes are required to use the new Book of Common Prayer, replacing diverse Latin rites with a national English service.
House · House of Tudor
Humphrey Arundell
Sampford Courtenay Protest Begins
Sampford Courtenay
Parishioners demand restoration of the traditional Latin service after the new English prayer book is introduced, helping ignite the western rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Western Rebel Articles Issued
Devon
The western rebels formulate articles demanding restoration of older religious practices, including traditional forms of worship and clerical customs.
House · House of Tudor
Humphrey Arundell
Western Rebels Organise at Crediton
Crediton
Arundell helps organise Devon and Cornish resistance as religious grievances combine with hostility to wider economic and social pressures.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Kett
Wymondham Enclosure Riots Begin
Wymondham
Local protestors begin tearing down enclosure fences around Wymondham, transforming economic grievances into a wider Norfolk rising.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Kett
Mousehold Heath Rebel Camp Established
Mousehold Heath
Kett's followers establish a large camp on Mousehold Heath overlooking Norwich, where thousands gather under organised rebel leadership.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Kett
Royal Pardon Rejected at Mousehold
Mousehold Heath
Kett's followers reject a royal pardon because they consider their grievances just and refuse to disperse without substantive remedies.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Kett
Norwich Captured by Kett's Forces
Norwich
The rebel army enters and captures Norwich, temporarily placing England's second-largest city under the control of the Norfolk rising.
House · House of Tudor
John Russell Russell, 1st Baron
Battle of Fenny Bridges
Fenny Bridges
Russell's forces fight the rebels at Fenny Bridges during the difficult advance toward Exeter and the main western rebel army.
House · House of Tudor
Humphrey Arundell
Exeter Besieged by Western Rebels
Exeter
The rebel army surrounds Exeter and attempts to force the city to join resistance against the religious settlement of Edward VI.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Kett
Norfolk Rebel Demands Drafted
Mousehold Heath
The rebels formulate demands addressing enclosure, rents, local government, clerical conduct and other grievances affecting Norfolk communities.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Codd
Norwich Authorities Negotiate with Rebels
Norwich
Mayor Thomas Codd meets the growing rebel movement as Norwich authorities attempt to prevent violence and preserve civic control.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Prayer Book Rebellion Defended as Reform
London
Cranmer defends the new liturgy while western rebels demand restoration of older Catholic worship during the Prayer Book Rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Kett
Robert Kett Joins Norfolk Rebels
Wymondham
Kett joins the protestors rather than resisting them and quickly becomes the principal leader of the expanding Norfolk movement.
House · House of Tudor
John Russell Russell, 1st Baron
Royal Force Sent against Western Rising
Devon
Lord Russell leads a royal army westward to relieve Exeter and suppress the rebellion after local authorities fail to restore control.
House · House of Tudor
William Parr Northampton, 1st Marquess
Northampton Campaign Fails
Norwich
Northampton's royal force is defeated and withdraws from Norwich after failing to dislodge the rebels from the city and surrounding positions.
House · House of Tudor
John Russell Russell, 1st Baron
Battle of Woodbury Common
Woodbury Common
Royal troops defeat a rebel position on Woodbury Common, opening the route for further operations against the siege of Exeter.
House · House of Tudor
John Russell Russell, 1st Baron
Battle of Clyst St Mary
Clyst St Mary
Russell's army defeats western rebels at Clyst St Mary during the campaign to break resistance around Exeter.
House · House of Tudor
John Russell Russell, 1st Baron
Western Rising Defeated at Sampford Courtenay
Sampford Courtenay
Royal forces defeat the remaining organised western rebels at Sampford Courtenay, ending the principal military phase of the Prayer Book rising.
House · House of Tudor
John Dudley Warwick, 1st Earl
Foreign Mercenaries Reinforce Warwick
Norwich
Warwick receives additional professional troops, strengthening the royal army immediately before the decisive confrontation with Kett's forces.
House · House of Tudor
John Dudley Warwick, 1st Earl
Battle of Dussindale
Dussindale
Warwick defeats Kett's army at Dussindale in a bloody battle that destroys the organised military strength of the Norfolk rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Kett
Robert Kett Captured
Swannington
Kett is captured at Swannington after escaping the battlefield, bringing the principal leadership of the Norfolk rising into royal custody.
House · House of Tudor
John Dudley Warwick, 1st Earl
Warwick Takes Command against Kett
Norfolk
John Dudley assumes command of a stronger royal army after Northampton's failure and prepares a renewed assault on the Norfolk rebels.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset
Withdrawal from Haddington
Haddington
The English evacuate Haddington as domestic rebellion, financial strain and Franco-Scottish resistance make Somerset's occupation strategy increasingly unsustainable.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Somerset, 1st Duke
Somerset Arrested after Protectorate Collapse
Windsor Castle
Edward Seymour is arrested after fellow councillors unite against his government and remove him from the office of Lord Protector.
House · House of Tudor
John Dudley
Council Move against Somerset
London
John Dudley emerges at the centre of the council coalition that removes Protector Somerset from power after military, political and economic crises weaken his position.
House · House of Tudor
Edmund Bonner
Edmund Bonner Imprisoned after Deprivation
Marshalsea Prison
Edmund Bonner is imprisoned after losing the bishopric of London for resisting key Protestant religious directives under Edward VI.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset
Somerset Arrested by Council
Windsor
Edward Seymour is arrested after losing control of the Privy Council, which accuses the former Protector of misgovernment and resisting lawful authority.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Clerical Marriage Legalised
Westminster
Parliament removes statutory prohibitions that had prevented priests from marrying, marking a major break with traditional clerical discipline.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Tyrwhitt
Elizabeth Questioned over Seymour
Hatfield
Robert Tyrwhitt questions Princess Elizabeth and her household about Thomas Seymour's plans, but the young princess consistently denies any treasonable agreement to marry him.
House · House of Tudor
William Grey 13th Baron Grey de Wilton
Haddington Garrison Defence
Haddington
Grey and successive commanders keep Haddington in English hands despite sustained French and Scottish pressure, disease and serious supply difficulties.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Prayer Book Refusal
London
Mary refuses to conform to the new English prayer book prepared under Edward VI
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Reform of Church Worship
Refuses to use the new English prayer book which had been prepared by Thomas Cranmer
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Unlawful Assemblies Act Passed after Rebellions
Westminster
Parliament strengthens penalties for riotous assemblies after the major social and religious rebellions of 1549.
House · House of Tudor
1550 · 13 records
Humphrey Arundell
Arundell Executed for Western Rising
Tyburn
Humphrey Arundell is executed for leading the western rebellion against Edward VI's religious changes.
House · House of Tudor
Andrew Dudley
Evacuation of Broughty Castle
Broughty Castle
English troops abandon Broughty Castle under growing Franco-Scottish pressure, ending one of the deepest Tudor footholds established during the invasion.
House · House of Tudor
William Paget
Boulogne Payment Agreement
Boulogne
Helps settle French compensation for the recovery of Boulogne, easing the financial burden created by England's continental garrisons.
House · House of Tudor
John Russell
Boulogne Surrender Settlement
Boulogne
Negotiates the return of Boulogne to France within the agreed period in exchange for a substantial French payment.
House · House of Tudor
John Mason
Merchant Shipping Clause
Boulogne
Helps secure provisions allowing merchant ships to resume peaceful movement while both sides undertake to restrain piracy and private warfare.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Peace of Boulogne Concluded
Boulogne
Makes peace with France and Scotland, ending the Rough Wooing and preparing the evacuation of expensive English positions.
House · House of Tudor
William Petre
Scottish Peace Inclusion
Boulogne
Negotiates terms ending active English war with Scotland unless a new cause for hostilities arises.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Tudor Edward VI
Treaty of Boulogne
Boulogne
Edward VI's government agrees peace with France, including the return of Boulogne and the withdrawal of English forces from occupied Scottish positions.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Edwardian Ordinal Published
London
A new English ordinal establishes reformed services for ordaining bishops, priests and deacons within the Church.
House · House of Tudor
Joan Bocher Joan of Kent
Execution of Joan Bocher
Smithfield
Joan Bocher is burned for heresy after refusing to abandon beliefs concerning the nature of Christ.
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Ridley
Altars Replaced by Communion Tables
London
Ridley directs changes in London churches that replace stone altars with movable communion tables, expressing a more Protestant understanding of the sacrament.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Council Pressure
London
Edward VI's council pressures Mary to abandon private Mass
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Scottish Marriage Negotiations Renewed
London
Permits renewed discussion of a marriage with Mary, Queen of Scots, even though French influence has already weakened the earlier Greenwich project.
House · House of Tudor
1551 · 12 records
Mary I
Summoned by Council
London
Mary is summoned before Edward VI's council over religious nonconformity
House · House of Tudor
George van Parris
Execution of George van Parris
Smithfield
George van Parris is burned after condemnation for denying the divinity of Christ during Edward VI's Protestant reign.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Old Service Books Ordered Surrendered
England
Edward orders bishops to collect and destroy obsolete Latin service books that might encourage restoration of pre-Reformation worship.
House · House of Tudor
William Parr
French Princess Marriage Instructions
London
Receives instructions for negotiating a proposed marriage between Edward VI and Elisabeth, daughter of Henry II of France.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Tudor Edward VI
Treaty of Norham
Norham
Edward VI's government concludes a formal settlement with Scotland at Norham, closing the war that had begun with Henry VIII's coercive marriage policy.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
French Marriage Treaty
Angers
Approves a dynastic treaty providing for his future marriage to Elisabeth of Valois as part of closer Anglo-French relations.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset
Somerset Conspiracy Allegation
London
Somerset is arrested again after allegations that he planned to seize or kill political rivals including Northumberland and Northampton during a council confrontation.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Catholic Worship Dispute
London
Mary continues Catholic worship despite pressure from Edward VI's government
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Charles V of Spain threatens war if Mary cannot practise her Catholicism
London
Charles V of Spain threatens war if Mary cannot practise her Catholicism
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Prayer Book Revision Advanced
London
Cranmer and other reformers prepare a substantially revised liturgy with clearer Protestant teaching on communion and ceremonial practice.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Religious Diplomacy
London
Charles V warns England over Mary's right to practise Catholicism
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
London
Succeeds as Queen of England. Charles V of Spain threatens war if Mary cannot practise her Catholicism
House · House of Tudor
1552 · 11 records
Edward Seymour Somerset, 1st Duke
Execution of Edward Seymour
Tower Hill
Edward Seymour is beheaded after conviction for felony arising from a plot against political rivals in the royal council.
House · House of Tudor
Miles Partridge
Execution of Miles Partridge
Tower Hill
Miles Partridge is hanged after conviction in proceedings connected with the fall of the Duke of Somerset.
House · House of Tudor
Ralph Vane
Execution of Ralph Vane
Tower Hill
Ralph Vane is hanged for treason after being implicated in the political conspiracy attributed to Somerset's supporters.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Arundell
Execution of Thomas Arundell
Tower Hill
Thomas Arundell is beheaded after conviction for treason in the political purge that follows Somerset's final fall.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edward's Serious Illness Raises Heir Question
London
Edward suffers a serious illness, reminding the council that the unmarried teenage king has no direct heir and that Mary remains next by statute.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Second Act of Uniformity Passed
Westminster
Parliament authorises a revised Book of Common Prayer and imposes stronger requirements for conformity to the national liturgy.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Second Book of Common Prayer Published
London
The revised prayer book removes further traditional ceremonies and expresses a more explicitly Protestant theology of worship and communion.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Alehouse Licensing Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament gives local justices authority to license and regulate alehouses as part of wider efforts to control public disorder.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Edwardian Treason Law Revised Again
Westminster
Parliament revises treason law and evidential rules as Edward's government seeks firmer protection against political challenges.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Forty-Two Articles Drafted
London
Cranmer leads preparation of a doctrinal statement intended to define the Protestant theology of Edward VI's Church.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Parish Poor Collectors Required
Westminster
Parliament develops organised parish poor relief by requiring local collectors to gather contributions for people unable to support themselves.
House · House of Tudor
1553 · 121 records
Mary I
Reballion of Rebels in London Bridge
London Bridge
Marys supporters occupied London Bridge in force, and the rebels were unable to penetrate into the city
House · House of Tudor
James Dyer
James Dyer Chosen Commons Speaker
Westminster
James Dyer becomes Speaker for Edward VI's final Parliament as the young king's health and succession become increasingly urgent political concerns.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey
Jane Grey Marries Guildford Dudley
Durham House
Jane Grey marries Guildford Dudley, joining the senior Grey succession claimant to the family of the politically dominant Duke of Northumberland.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey
Marriage to Guildford Dudley
Durham House
Jane Grey marries Guildford Dudley, linking the designated Protestant heir to Northumberland's family shortly before Edward VI's succession arrangements take effect.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Device for the Succession
Greenwich
As his health worsens, Edward develops a succession plan intended to prevent Mary from inheriting the Crown.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
London
Edward VI orders Mary & Elizabeth to be made "illegitimate & lawfully begotten"
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Succession
Greenwich
Judges are shown Edward's devise for the succession and asked to put his proposed settlement into legal form.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Edward VI orders Mary & Elizabeth to be made "illegitimate & lawfully begotten"
House · House of Tudor
Edward Montagu
Succession Devise Legal Pressure
London
Edward Montagu and other judges are ordered to give legal form to Edward VI’s succession devise despite warning that overturning the statutory succession could be treasonous.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Devise for Succession
London
Edward VI's succession device excludes Mary and Elizabeth from the throne
House · House of Tudor
Edward Tudor Edward VI
Devise for the Succession
London
Edward VI formalises a succession scheme favouring Lady Jane Grey and her male heirs, excluding Mary and Elizabeth from the crown after his death.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Excluded from Succession
London
Mary and Elizabeth are excluded by Edward VI's device for the succession
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Letters Patent for the Succession
Greenwich
Letters patent embody Edward's succession settlement and place Lady Jane Grey ahead of Mary and Elizabeth.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
London
Mary & Elizabeth become "illegitimate & lawfully begotten"
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Mary & Elizabeth become "illegitimate & lawfully begotten"
House · House of Tudor
Richard Rich Rich, 1st
Succession
One of the subscribers of the device settling the crown on Lady Jane Grey, but he swiftly abandoned his support
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Device Expanded to Lady Jane
Greenwich
Edward alters his succession plan so that Lady Jane Grey herself, not merely hypothetical male descendants, can inherit if he dies without issue.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Edward VI Illness
London
Edward VI's illness makes Mary's succession politically urgent
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Forty-Two Articles Authorised
London
The Forty-Two Articles are issued with royal authority, summarising Protestant doctrine shortly before Edward VI's death.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Move to Kenninghall
Kenninghall
Mary leaves Hunsdon for Kenninghall to avoid Northumberland's control
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
Hunsdon
Advised to escape the control of Northumberland, moves to Kenninghall, Norfolk
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Escorts Mary during her entry in state into London
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Death of Edward VI
Greenwich
Edward VI dies at Greenwich Palace aged fifteen after a prolonged pulmonary illness.
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Death of Edward VI
Greenwich
Edward VI dies leaving a disputed Protestant succession
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor
Claim to Throne
Kenninghall
Mary asserts her hereditary claim after Edward VI dies
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Escape to East Anglia
Kenninghall
Mary escapes Northumberland's control and rallies support in East Anglia
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey
Jane Informed of Royal Succession
Syon House
Jane is informed that Edward's device names her as successor, placing her at the centre of the attempt to exclude Mary and Elizabeth.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey
Jane Summoned to Syon House
Syon House
Jane is summoned to Syon House after Edward's death, where councillors prepare to tell her that the crown has been assigned to her.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Letters to Council
Kenninghall
Mary writes to the council asserting her rightful claim to the throne
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary Asserts Her Title to the Council
Kenninghall
Mary writes to the Privy Council asserting that Henry VIII's statutory settlement makes her lawful queen despite Edward's contrary device.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Ridley Sermon
London
Nicholas Ridley supports Jane Grey's claim and attacks Mary's legitimacy
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
London
The Bishop of London, Nicholas Ridley, declares both Elizabeth & Mary are bastards
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
The Bishop of London, Nicholas Ridley, declares both Elizabeth & Mary are bastards
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
East Anglian Rising
East Anglia
Mary rallies supporters in East Anglia against the Jane Grey regime
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey
Jane Establishes Court in the Tower
Tower of London
Jane takes up residence in the Tower as queen, following the traditional pre-coronation practice while her government confronts Mary's rival claim.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey
Jane Grey Proclaimed Queen
London
Jane is proclaimed queen in London under Edward VI's succession device, although support outside the governing circle remains uncertain.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey
Proclaimed Queen
London
Jane Grey is proclaimed queen by supporters of Northumberland
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Reballion of Rebels in East Anglia
East Anglia
Mary rallies her forces
House · House of Tudor
John Dudley
Succession Crisis
London
Northumberland backs Jane Grey against Mary Tudor's claim
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Northumberland Marches
Cambridge
Northumberland leads troops against Mary but support for him collapses
House · House of Tudor
John Dudley
Northumberland Marches against Mary
Cambridge
Northumberland leaves London with troops to suppress Mary's growing support, weakening the political control sustaining Jane's disputed succession.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Fleet Mutiny
Framlingham
Ships sent against Mary mutiny and the succession crisis turns in her favour
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
Framlingham
Ships sent to prevent Mary from retreating mutiny & the rebellion turns Marys way
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
London
Dudley demands reinforcements but at Baynards castle Lord Arundel declares Mary Queen
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Baynard Castle Meeting
London
Privy councillors at Baynard Castle abandon Jane Grey and proclaim Mary queen
House · House of Tudor
Henry FitzAlan Earl of Arundel
Council Declares for Mary
London
Arundel helps lead the Privy Council's break with Jane's regime, and Mary is proclaimed queen in London as Northumberland's position collapses.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Declared Queen
London
Mary is declared Queen in London after support for Jane Grey collapses
House · House of Tudor
Guildford Dudley
Guildford Dudley Imprisoned after Jane's Fall
Tower of London
Guildford Dudley is detained in the Tower after the collapse of his wife's disputed government and Mary's successful accession.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Jane Grey Deposed
London
Jane Grey's nine day regime ends when Mary is proclaimed queen
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey Lady Jane Grey
Jane Grey Imprisoned after Deposition
Tower of London
Jane Grey is moved from royal apartments into prison quarters after the Privy Council abandons her claim and proclaims Mary queen.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey
Jane Grey's Government Collapses
Tower of London
Jane's effective reign ends when the council abandons her cause and accepts Mary as Henry VIII's lawful successor.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Proclaimed Queen
London
Mary is proclaimed queen after support for Jane Grey collapses
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
London
Returns to England & becomes the peoples choice. Declared Queen in London
House · House of Tudor
John Dudley
John Dudley Arrested at Cambridge
Cambridge
John Dudley is arrested after his army collapses and he abandons the attempt to enforce Lady Jane Grey's claim against Mary Tudor.
House · House of Tudor
John Dudley
Northumberland Proclaims Mary at Cambridge
Cambridge
Northumberland publicly proclaims Mary queen after learning that the Privy Council has deserted Jane's cause.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Meets Mary outside London & escorts her to the capital
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Framlingham Army
Framlingham
Mary raises an army at Framlingham Castle after Jane Grey is proclaimed
House · House of Tudor
John Gates
John Gates Arrested after Succession Crisis
England
John Gates is arrested for supporting Northumberland's attempt to exclude Mary and maintain Lady Jane Grey on the throne.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor Mary I
Mary Rallies Support
Framlingham Castle
Mary Tudor establishes her headquarters at Framlingham and gathers nobles, gentry and military support against the council that has proclaimed Jane Grey.
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Ridley
Nicholas Ridley Arrested after Mary's Accession
Tower of London
Nicholas Ridley is imprisoned after supporting Lady Jane Grey and remaining one of the leading bishops identified with Edward VI's Protestant reforms.
House · House of Tudor
John Dudley
Northumberland Arrested
Cambridge
John Dudley is arrested at Cambridge after the council abandons Jane Grey and recognises Mary, ending the political operation designed to redirect the succession.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
Framlingham
Raises an army at Framligham castle after the succession of Lady Jane Grey
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Palmer
Thomas Palmer Arrested after Jane Grey Regime
England
Thomas Palmer is arrested for military and political support of the failed succession settlement established around Lady Jane Grey.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Entry into London
London
Mary enters London in triumph with Elizabeth beside her
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
London Entry
London
Elizabeth accompanies Mary during the royal entry after the succession crisis
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
London Entry
London
Mary enters London in triumph to claim the throne
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
London
Mary enters London to claim the throne, with the Earl of Arndel beside her
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Burial
London
Mary wants to give Edward a Catholic funeral but is persuaded to give a Protestant one
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Burial
Tower of London
Attends a private Mass for Edward in the Tower
House · House of Tudor
Edward VI
Burial
Westminster Abbey
Edward VI is buried in Henry VII's Lady Chapel at Westminster Abbey using the reformed English service.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Edward VI Funeral
London
Mary permits Edward VI a Protestant funeral while maintaining Catholic worship
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Private Mass for Edward
Tower of London
Mary attends a private Catholic Mass for Edward VI in the Tower
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Execution
Tower of London
The Earl of Northumberland & 2 of his accomplices are executed
House · House of Tudor
John Dudley
Execution
Tower Hill
Northumberland is executed after the failure of the Jane Grey succession
House · House of Tudor
John Gates
Execution of John Gates
Tower Hill
John Gates is beheaded for supporting the attempt to place Lady Jane Grey on the throne instead of Mary I.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Palmer
Execution of Thomas Palmer
Tower Hill
Thomas Palmer is beheaded for supporting the Jane Grey succession and opposing Mary's accession.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Northumberland Executed
Tower Hill
John Dudley Duke of Northumberland is executed after the succession crisis
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Edwardian Religious Policy Suspended
London
Mary halts further Protestant change and begins restoring Catholic worship after her accession to the throne.
House · House of Tudor
John Bradford
John Bradford Arrested after Protestant Sermon
London
John Bradford is arrested after intervening during religious unrest and is subsequently held as the Marian government prosecutes leading Protestants.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Latin Mass Restored at Court
London
Traditional Latin worship returns in the royal household as Mary signals reversal of Edward VI's religious settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary's Coronation Date Fixed
London
Mary's government fixes the coronation for the beginning of October after consolidating control following the succession crisis.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Proclamations Issued
London
Mary's government issues proclamations securing the new reign
Government · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Anne of Cleves Joins Coronation Retinue
London
Anne of Cleves joins the royal ceremonial party and later follows Mary during the Abbey procession.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth I
Elizabeth Joins Mary's Coronation Retinue
London
Elizabeth takes part in the ceremonial retinue despite the religious and political tensions surrounding Mary's accession.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary's Coronation Eve Procession
London
Mary travels through London in state before the coronation, allowing the city to demonstrate public loyalty to the restored queen.
House · House of Tudor
Stephen Gardiner
Gardiner Chosen to Crown Mary
London
Stephen Gardiner is selected to conduct the coronation because Archbishop Thomas Cranmer is imprisoned and unavailable to preside.
House · House of Tudor
Hugh Latimer
Hugh Latimer Arrested under Mary I
London
Hugh Latimer is arrested after Mary's accession because of his prominent Protestant preaching and opposition to the restored Catholic settlement.
House · House of Tudor
John Hooper
John Hooper Arrested under Marian Restoration
London
John Hooper is arrested as Mary's government moves against prominent Protestant clergy who refuse to accept the restoration of Catholic doctrine.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
New Coronation Oil Obtained
London
Mary obtains fresh consecrated oil because she regards the oil used under Edward VI's Protestant regime as unsuitable for her ceremony.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Cranmer
Thomas Cranmer Arrested for Treason and Heresy
Tower of London
Thomas Cranmer is arrested after defending Edward VI's religious settlement and supporting the succession arrangement that placed Jane Grey before Mary.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Crowned Queen of England, the 2nd Queen since the Norman conquest
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Coronation
Westminster
Mary is crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey
House · House of Tudor
Stephen Gardiner
Gardiner Anoints Mary I
Westminster Abbey
Gardiner anoints Mary with newly prepared holy oil during the sacred portion of the ceremony.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary Carries Orb after Crowning
Westminster Abbey
Mary carries the orb in the outward procession after the crowning, following her chosen adaptation of the traditional rite.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary Declines Edward's Coronation Chair
Westminster Abbey
Mary avoids using the ancient chair in the same manner as Edward, reflecting concern that Protestant usage had compromised its ceremonial purity.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary I Crowned as Regnant Queen
Westminster Abbey
Mary is crowned as queen regnant, confirming in ceremony that sovereign authority is vested in her personally.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary Receives Coronation Regalia
Westminster Abbey
Mary receives the ceremonial insignia of monarchy before the act of crowning.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary's Coronation Banquet
Westminster Hall
A formal coronation feast follows the Abbey service and publicly celebrates Mary's successful accession.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary's Coronation Communion
Westminster Abbey
Mary participates in the Eucharistic conclusion of the service after the main coronation rites.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary's Coronation Oath
Westminster Abbey
Mary takes the coronation oath as England's reigning queen before proceeding to anointing and investiture.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary's Coronation Recognition
Westminster Abbey
Before Gardiner proceeds to the sacred rites, Mary is presented publicly in the Abbey as England's lawful sovereign.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Catherine Restored
London
Mary restores the honour of Catherine of Aragon by parliamentary action
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Divorce
Parliament declares the divorce of Henry & Katherine of Aragon invalid
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
First Statute of Repeal Passed
Westminster
Parliament repeals major Edwardian religious legislation and restores worship broadly to the position existing late in Henry VIII's reign.
House · House of Tudor
John Pollard
John Pollard Chosen Speaker under Mary
Westminster
John Pollard becomes Speaker when Mary's first Parliament meets after her successful accession.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marian Treason Act Restores Older Definition
Westminster
Parliament repeals several later Tudor treason extensions and restores much of the traditional statutory framework associated with the 1351 law.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary's First Parliament Confirms Royal Title
Westminster
Mary's first Parliament reinforces the legitimacy of her accession and begins reversing measures that had undermined her parents' marriage and her own status.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mass Restored
London
Mass is restored as Mary's government reverses Edwardian religious policy
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Parents Marriage Restored
London
Parliament declares the marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon valid
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Reform of Monarchy
Mass is restored throughout England
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
The Commons reverse the divorce of Catherine of Aragon, Mary is no longer illegitimate
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey
Jane Grey Tried for Treason
Guildhall
Jane is convicted of treason for assuming the crown under Edward's device, leaving her life dependent on Mary's willingness to pardon her.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
English Marriage Petition
London
Parliamentary delegation asks Mary to choose an English husband
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage
A Parliamentary delegation had waited upon Queen Mary, and formally requested that she choose an English husband, the obvious though tacit candidate being her kinsman Edward Courtenay, recently created Earl of Devon
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Considers a Spanish marriage to Philip, alarming Protestant and anti-Spanish nobles.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Elizabeth at Court
London
Elizabeth remains politically watched during Mary's early reign
House · House of Tudor
Edward Courtenay Devon, 1st
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Is discussed as a possible husband for Elizabeth in rebel planning.
House · House of Tudor
Philip Habsburg Philip II
Wyatt Rebellion
Madrid
His proposed marriage to Mary becomes the focus of English opposition.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Arrest of Mary I
London
Mary escapes to East Anglia from the Duke of Northumberland
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Charter
St Albans
St Albans is granted a Charter
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Charter of St Albans
St Albans
St Albans receives a charter during Mary's reign
House · House of Tudor
1554 · 138 records
Mary I
Foreign Office Restriction
London
Secures a marriage clause preventing Philip from filling English offices with foreign appointees and protecting native control of royal administration.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage Sovereignty Safeguard
London
Accepts treaty provisions reserving the effective government of England to Mary and limiting the independent political authority of Philip.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
No Automatic Habsburg War Clause
London
Agrees that marriage to Philip will not automatically compel England to fight in the wider wars of Charles V.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Spanish Marriage Articles Agreed
London
Agrees detailed marriage articles with Philip of Spain intended to protect English sovereignty while permitting a dynastic union.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession Protection Clause
London
Accepts terms preventing Philip from retaining the English crown if Mary dies without a surviving child of their marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Courtenay Devon, 1st
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Reveals details of the conspiracy after questioning by the council.
House · House of Tudor
Stephen Gardiner
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Questions Courtenay after Renard warns of the plot.
House · House of Tudor
Simon Renard
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Warns Mary's council about suspected rebellion against the Spanish marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Peter Carew
Wyatt Rebellion
Devon
Plans resistance in Devon against Mary's Spanish marriage.
House · House of Tudor
James Croft
Wyatt Rebellion
Herefordshire
Is named among conspirators expected to raise western support.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Grey Suffolk, 1st
Wyatt Rebellion
Leicestershire
Prepares to raise support in the Midlands.
House · House of Tudor
William Thomas
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Is implicated in plans against Mary during the rebellion crisis.
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Throckmorton
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Is suspected of involvement in the anti-Spanish marriage conspiracy.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Allington Castle
Prepares the Kentish rising from his family base at Allington.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Orders action against suspected conspirators as the plot becomes known.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
Kent
Faces the Kentish rising as Wyatt raises his standard of revolt.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Kent
Raises the standard of revolt in Kent against Mary's Spanish marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Marches against Mary's Spanish marriage and the perceived threat to English autonomy.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Maidstone
Raises his standard in Kent against the Spanish marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Arrest of Elizabeth I
London
Mary orders Elizabeth to London for her own safety
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Elizabeth I
London
Mary orders Elizabeth to London for her own safety
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Rochester
Occupies Rochester and gathers support from Kentish rebels.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Rochester
Occupies Rochester and issues a proclamation to Kent.
House · House of Tudor
Brett Brett
Wyatt Rebellion
Rochester
Defects from Norfolk's force to Wyatt's rebels.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Howard Norfolk, 3rd
Wyatt Rebellion
Rochester
Royal troops sent against Wyatt suffer defections near Rochester.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Refuses to flee London despite news of Wyatt's advance.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth I
Wyatt Rebellion
Ashridge
Comes under suspicion because rebels discuss replacing Mary with her.
House · House of Tudor
William Herbert Pembroke, 1st
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Supports Mary and helps organise defence of London.
House · House of Tudor
John Rogers
John Rogers Committed to Newgate
Newgate Prison
John Rogers is committed to prison after refusing to abandon Protestant teaching when Mary I restores Catholic worship and heresy proceedings.
House · House of Tudor
Stephen Gardiner
Wyatt Rebellion
Guildhall
Supports Mary's appeal to London against Wyatt.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
Guildhall
Rallies London with a speech defending her crown and marriage plans.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Rallies London against Wyatt with a speech at the Guildhall.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Mary's Guildhall speech turns London against Wyatt's demands.
House · House of Tudor
John Brydges Chandos, 1st Baron
Wyatt Rebellion
Southwark
Threatens to fire on Southwark from the Tower guns unless Wyatt withdraws.
House · House of Tudor
John Brydges Chandos, 1st Baron
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Threatens to fire Tower guns on Southwark if Wyatt remains.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
London Bridge
Her supporters hold London Bridge against Wyatt's army.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
London Bridge
Her supporters hold London Bridge against Wyatt's rebels.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
Southwark
Prevents Wyatt's rebels from entering the City through Southwark.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
London Bridge
Finds London Bridge strongly defended against his rebel army.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Southwark
Reaches Southwark but cannot force entry across London Bridge.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Southwark
Crosses at Kingston after failing to enter London by Southwark.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Kingston
Crosses the Thames at Kingston after failing to enter by Southwark.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Thomas Wyatt Captured after London Advance
Temple Bar
Thomas Wyatt is captured after his rebel force fails to break through London and the Kentish rising against Mary's marriage collapses.
House · House of Tudor
William Herbert Pembroke, 1st
Wyatt Rebellion
Ludgate
Commands loyal forces blocking Wyatt's advance into London.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Keeps London loyal as Wyatt reaches the city with rebel forces.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Resists Wyatt's rising against her proposed marriage to Philip of Spain.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Survives the rebellion and keeps control of the capital.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Thomas Wyatt reaches London but is defeated
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Is defeated at Ludgate and captured near Temple Bar.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Ludgate
Is stopped at Ludgate as London remains loyal to Mary.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Temple Bar
Surrenders after his advance into London fails.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Demands control of the Tower and custody of the queen.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey
Execution
Tower of London
Jane Grey is executed after her father supports rebellion against Mary
House · House of Tudor
Guildford Dudley
Execution of Guildford Dudley
Tower Hill
Guildford Dudley is beheaded for treason after the failure of the Jane Grey succession and renewed rebellion against Mary I.
House · House of Tudor
Guildford Dudley
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Is executed after Wyatt's rising makes Jane Grey dangerous.
House · House of Tudor
Guildford Dudley
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Guildford Dudley is executed after the Wyatt Rebellion makes Jane Grey politically dangerous.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey Lady Jane Grey
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Is executed because the rebellion renews succession fears.
House · House of Tudor
Jane Grey Lady Jane Grey
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Lady Jane Grey is executed after her father's support for the Wyatt Rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Authorises Lady Jane Grey's execution after Wyatt's rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Grey
Execution of Henry Grey
Tower Hill
Henry Grey is beheaded after joining the rebellion against Mary's Spanish marriage and reviving the danger posed by his daughter's claim.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Grey Suffolk, 1st
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower Hill
Is executed after joining the rebellion against Mary.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Grey Suffolk, 1st
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower Hill
Henry Grey is executed for supporting the Wyatt Rebellion against Mary's Spanish marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Grey
Henry Grey Captured after Wyatt Rising
Leicestershire
Henry Grey is captured after joining the rebellion against Mary's Spanish marriage and attempting to raise support in the Midlands.
House · House of Tudor
James Croft
James Croft Arrested after Wyatt Conspiracy
England
James Croft is arrested for involvement in the wider conspiracy intended to organise regional risings against Queen Mary's government.
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Throckmorton
Nicholas Throckmorton Arrested after Wyatt Rising
London
Nicholas Throckmorton is arrested and sent for trial after the government alleges that he helped coordinate the conspiracy behind Wyatt's rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
William Thomas
William Thomas Arrested in Wyatt Aftermath
London
William Thomas is arrested during the investigation into plots against Mary and is accused of involvement in plans for political violence.
House · House of Tudor
Peter Carew
Wyatt Rebellion
France
Flees abroad after the western rising fails.
House · House of Tudor
James Croft
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Is imprisoned after the rebellion collapses.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Grey Suffolk, 1st
Wyatt Rebellion
Leicester
His failed rising helps seal Lady Jane Grey's fate.
House · House of Tudor
William Thomas
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Is imprisoned for involvement in the rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Throckmorton
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Is imprisoned and later tried for treason.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
The rebellion ruins the Wyatt family, which loses lands and Allington Castle.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Elizabeth I
Tower of London
Rowed through traitors gate
House · House of Tudor
John Gage
Elizabeth Imprisoned
Tower of London
Gage receives Elizabeth into custody at the Tower
House · House of Tudor
John Gage
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Holds Elizabeth in custody after the rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Orders Elizabeth imprisoned during the investigation.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth I
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Is sent to the Tower while her links to the rebellion are examined.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth I
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower of London
Elizabeth is imprisoned while Mary investigates links to the Wyatt Rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Conspirators plan coordinated risings before events force an early revolt.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Rochester
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Takes part in council action after the rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower Hill
Orders the execution of Thomas Wyatt after the rebellion fails.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower Hill
Is executed after refusing to implicate Elizabeth conclusively.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower Hill
Is executed after the failure of the Wyatt Rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Wyatt the Younger
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower Hill
Leads the main Kentish rising against Mary's planned Spanish marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Nicholas Throckmorton
Wyatt Rebellion
Guildhall
Is acquitted of treason despite government suspicion.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage Articles Ratified
London
Parliament accepts marriage terms limiting Philip's independent authority in England
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Regnal Power Act Confirms Female Sovereignty
Westminster
Parliament confirms that royal authority belongs fully to a reigning queen, rejecting doubts that government powers require a male monarch.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Brooke
Robert Brooke Chosen Commons Speaker
Westminster
Robert Brooke becomes Speaker during the Parliament debating Mary's Spanish marriage and the political terms surrounding Philip's position.
House · House of Tudor
Stephen Gardiner
Marriage Treaty Parliamentary Settlement
Westminster
Helps secure parliamentary approval for the royal marriage while preserving restrictions designed to prevent Spanish domination of English government.
House · House of Tudor
William Thomas
Execution of William Thomas
Tyburn
William Thomas is hanged, drawn and quartered for treason after involvement in conspiracy against Mary I during the Wyatt rebellion crisis.
House · House of Tudor
William Thomas
Wyatt Rebellion
Tower Hill
Is executed for involvement in the rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Elizabeth I
Richmond
Jubillant crowds mistakenly believe Elizabeth has been freed
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Elizabeth I
Richmond
Moves to Richmond en route to Woodstock after 2 months in the Tower. Jubillant crowds mistakenly believe Elizabeth has been freed
House · House of Tudor
Henry Bedingfield
Custody Begins
Tower of London
Bedingfield is assigned to escort and guard Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Elizabeth Leaves Tower
Tower of London
Elizabeth leaves the Tower and is placed under guard
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Released from Tower
Tower of London
Elizabeth leaves the Tower but remains under close guard
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth I
Wyatt Rebellion
Woodstock
Is moved from the Tower to house arrest at Woodstock.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth I
Wyatt Rebellion
Woodstock
Elizabeth is moved from the Tower to Woodstock after Wyatt's execution.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Bedingfield
Arrest of Elizabeth I
Woodstock
Refuses to allow Elizabeth to make an appeal to the Council. Given custody of Princess Elizabeth at Woodstock in Oxfordshire
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Elizabeth Sent to Woodstock
Woodstock
Mary's government sends Elizabeth to house arrest at Woodstock
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
House Arrest at Woodstock
Woodstock
Elizabeth is placed under guard at Woodstock after leaving the Tower
House · House of Tudor
Henry Bedingfield
Woodstock Custody
Woodstock
Bedingfield supervises Elizabeth's confinement at Woodstock
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage
Philip of Spain lands in England
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Philip Lands
Southampton
Philip of Spain lands in England before marrying Mary
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage
London
The marriage causes 3 insurrections. Parliament forbids Philips coronation even though he is co-ruler
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage
Winchester
Marries her Spanish cousin the future Philip II of Spain, in Winchester cathedral
House · House of Tudor
Philip II
Marriage
Winchester
Mary I marries her cousin the future Philip II of Spain, in Winchester cathedral
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage Settlement
London
Mary's marriage settlement limits Philip's authority and prevents his independent coronation
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage to Philip
Winchester
Mary marries Philip of Spain at Winchester Cathedral
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary Marries Philip of Spain
Winchester Cathedral
Mary marries Philip of Spain, making the birth of an heir the central dynastic objective of the new Anglo-Spanish royal marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Philip Made King Consort
London
Philip receives the style of king during Mary's lifetime under the marriage treaty
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Philip Marriage Alliance Completed
Winchester
Marries Philip of Spain at Winchester, bringing the negotiated Anglo-Spanish dynastic settlement formally into operation.
House · House of Tudor
Philip Habsburg Philip II
Wyatt Rebellion
Winchester
Marries Mary despite the earlier rebellion against the match.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
Winchester
Marries Philip after the rebellion has been suppressed.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Royal Entry with Philip
London
Mary and Philip enter London after their marriage
House · House of Tudor
Philip Sidney
Birth of Philip Sidney
Penshurst Place
Philip Sidney is born at Penshurst Place and later becomes a leading Elizabethan courtier, soldier, diplomat and writer.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Papal Reconciliation Approved
Westminster
England is formally reconciled with Rome after Parliament and the Crown accept restoration of papal communion.
House · House of Tudor
Reginald Pole
Pole Grants National Absolution
Westminster
Reginald Pole grants absolution to the realm, ceremonially ending the schism with Rome under Mary I.
House · House of Tudor
Reginald Pole
Cardinal Pole's Attainder Repealed
Westminster
Parliament reverses Reginald Pole's attainder, allowing the papal legate to return legally and participate in England's reconciliation with Rome.
House · House of Tudor
Clement Heigham
Clement Heigham Chosen Speaker
Westminster
Clement Heigham becomes Speaker during the Parliament completing England's formal reconciliation with papal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Mary Reports Signs of Pregnancy
London
Mary and her court interpret physical changes as evidence of pregnancy, raising expectations that a Catholic Tudor heir will soon be born.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Heresy Statutes Revived by Parliament
Westminster
Parliament restores medieval heresy laws, providing the legal machinery later used against Protestants who refuse Catholic doctrine.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Arrest of Elizabeth I
London
Phillip decides if Mary dies childless he should have a hold over Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Arrest of Elizabeth I
Tower of London
Sent to the Tower but no implication in the Wyat rebellion is found
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Elizabeth I
London
Saved from execution by Philip who wants a hold over England should Mary die childless
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Elizabeth I
Tower of London
Imprisoned for 3 months. Convinced she will be executed, asks for a French swordsman with a sharp sword
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Elizabeth Question
London
Philip considers Elizabeth's importance if Mary dies childless
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Execution
Tower of London
Lady Jane Grey, Nortumberlands nine day puppet Queen, is executed
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Execution
London
Saved from execution by Philip who wants a hold over England should Mary die childless
House · House of Tudor
Philip II
Marriage Treaty Defines Children's Inheritance
London
The marriage settlement defines rights for any children of Mary and Philip while restricting Philip's independent authority over England.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Butler Ormond, 10th
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Supports Mary I's government during the Wyatt Rebellion crisis.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Fiennes Clinton Clinton, 9th Baron
Wyatt Rebellion
Kent
Assists royal efforts against Wyatt's supporters in Kent.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Howard Norfolk, 3rd
Wyatt Rebellion
Is sent by Mary to confront Wyatt, but many troops defect at Rochester.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
Faces Wyatt's rebellion against her marriage to Philip of Spain.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
England
Uses the rebellion's defeat to strengthen her authority.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Orders Elizabeth detained while links to Wyatt's rebellion are investigated.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Russell Bedford, 2nd
Wyatt Rebellion
Geneva
Goes into exile after involvement in Protestant opposition.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Russell Bedford, 2nd
Wyatt Rebellion
London
Takes exile after involvement in the Wyatt Rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
1555 · 41 records
Mary I
Heresy Laws Restored
England
Revived heresy statutes provide the legal framework for prosecuting Protestants who refuse restored Catholic doctrine.
House · House of Tudor
Rowland Taylor
Rowland Taylor Detained for Heresy Proceedings
London
Rowland Taylor is detained after defending Protestant worship in his Suffolk parish and refusing to accept the restored Catholic Mass.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Second Statute of Repeal Takes Effect
Westminster
Parliament repeals Henrician legislation against papal authority while protecting many owners of former monastic lands.
House · House of Tudor
John Rogers
Execution of John Rogers
Smithfield
John Rogers is burned for heresy after refusing to abandon Protestant doctrine, becoming the first prominent Marian martyr.
House · House of Tudor
Laurence Saunders
Execution of Laurence Saunders
Coventry
Laurence Saunders is burned after condemnation for Protestant preaching and rejection of restored Catholic teaching.
House · House of Tudor
John Hooper
Execution of John Hooper
Gloucester
John Hooper is burned for heresy after refusing to accept the Catholic religious settlement restored under Mary I.
House · House of Tudor
Rowland Taylor
Execution of Rowland Taylor
Hadleigh
Rowland Taylor is burned near Hadleigh after refusing to recant his Protestant beliefs.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Tomkins
Execution of Thomas Tomkins
Smithfield
Thomas Tomkins is burned after refusing to renounce Protestant beliefs during examination by Marian church authorities.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Causton
Execution of Thomas Causton
Rayleigh
Thomas Causton is burned for heresy after condemnation for Protestant religious views.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Higbed
Execution of Thomas Higbed
Horndon-on-the-Hill
Thomas Higbed is burned after conviction for Protestant beliefs that conflict with Mary's restored Catholic settlement.
House · House of Tudor
William Hunter
Execution of William Hunter
Brentwood
William Hunter is burned at Brentwood after refusing to attend Mass or accept Catholic teaching on the Eucharist.
House · House of Tudor
Stephen Knight
Execution of Stephen Knight
Maldon
Stephen Knight is burned at Maldon after condemnation for heresy under the restored Marian religious laws.
House · House of Tudor
William Pigot
Execution of William Pigot
Braintree
William Pigot is burned at Braintree for maintaining Protestant beliefs despite pressure to recant.
House · House of Tudor
John Laurence
Execution of John Laurence
Colchester
John Laurence is burned at Colchester after refusing to abandon Protestant convictions during the Marian persecution.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Ferrar
Execution of Robert Ferrar
Carmarthen
Robert Ferrar is burned for heresy after defending Protestant doctrine and refusing reconciliation with the restored Catholic Church.
House · House of Tudor
George Marsh
Execution of George Marsh
Chester
George Marsh is burned outside Chester after refusing to recant beliefs defended throughout his imprisonment and examinations.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Elizabeth at Hampton Court
Hampton Court
Brings Elizabeth to Hampton Court where she is secluded but politically important
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Elizabeth to Hampton Court
Hampton Court
Mary brings Elizabeth from Woodstock to Hampton Court during the pregnancy crisis
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Moved to Hampton Court
Hampton Court
Moved to Hampton Court while Mary considers the succession
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Phantom Pregnancy
London
Rumours spread that Mary has given birth but her pregnancy proves false
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Royal Birth Preparations Intensify
Hampton Court Palace
The court prepares for Mary's expected confinement, including arrangements appropriate for the anticipated birth of a royal heir.
House · House of Tudor
John Cardmaker
Execution of John Cardmaker
Smithfield
John Cardmaker is burned after maintaining Protestant teaching despite efforts to persuade him to recant.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Bedingfield
Custody Discharged
Woodstock
Discharged from direct custody of Princess Elizabeth after her transfer from Woodstock
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Hawkes
Execution of Thomas Hawkes
Coggeshall
Thomas Hawkes is burned at Coggeshall after refusing to accept Catholic worship and doctrine under Mary I.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
First Pregnancy Fails
London
Mary's expected child does not arrive and the succession remains unsettled
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Pregnancy Hope Fades
London
Mary's first expected pregnancy proves false and the succession remains unresolved
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Elizabeth at Hatfield
Hatfield
Places Elizabeth under the more congenial guardianship of Thomas Pope at Hatfield
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Pope
Elizabeth at Hatfield
Hatfield
Hosts Princess Elizabeth during her more relaxed house arrest at Hatfield
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Elizabeth to Hatfield
Hatfield
Mary allows Elizabeth to move to Hatfield under Sir Thomas Pope's supervision
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Pope
Guardian Appointed
Hatfield
Appointed guardian of Princess Elizabeth at Hatfield
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Hatfield Household
Hatfield
Elizabeth settles at Hatfield after release from stricter confinement
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
House Arrest
Hatfield
Placed under the guardianship of Thomas Pope at Hatfield
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Pope
House Arrest
Hatfield
Elizabeth is moved to Hatfield under the custody of Thomas Pope
House · House of Tudor
John Pollard
John Pollard Returns as Speaker
Westminster
John Pollard serves again as Speaker when Parliament meets during the consolidation of Mary's Catholic restoration.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Moved to Hatfield
Hatfield
Elizabeth is moved to Hatfield under the custody of Thomas Pope
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Philip Coronation Proposal
London
Supporters discuss crowning Philip as king but the proposal faces resistance
House · House of Tudor
Baptista Castiglione
Arrest of Baptista Castiglione
Tower of London
Arested for circulating subversive literature
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Highways Act Creates Parish Road Duties
Westminster
Parliament requires parishes to organise annual labour for repairing highways, creating a durable local system for road maintenance.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage Proposal
London
Philip supports a proposed marriage between Elizabeth and Philibert of Savoy
House · House of Tudor
Reginald Pole
Pole Directs Catholic Church Reform
England
Pole promotes clerical residence, preaching, education and discipline as part of the Catholic restoration under Mary.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Seditious Words Act Strengthens Public Order Law
Westminster
Parliament creates penalties for specified seditious words and rumours directed against the monarch and government.
House · House of Tudor
1556 · 37 records
Mary I
Philip Becomes King of Spain
London
Mary becomes queen consort of Spain when Philip succeeds Charles V
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Dudley Plot Betrayed
London
A plot against Mary is betrayed to Cardinal Pole and conspirators are arrested
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Gunpowder Treason Plot
The plot is betrayed to Cardinal Pole & the plotters are arrested & put in the Tower
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Plot
The plot is betrayed to Cardinal Pole & the plotters are arrested & put in the Tower
House · House of Tudor
Reginald Pole
Pole Consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury
Canterbury
Reginald Pole is consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury and becomes the senior English churchman of Mary's restored Catholic establishment.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Peckham
Henry Peckham Arrested in Dudley Conspiracy
London
Henry Peckham is arrested after the discovery of the Dudley conspiracy, which seeks to challenge Mary's government and exploit discontent with Spanish influence.
House · House of Tudor
John Daniel
John Daniel Arrested in Dudley Conspiracy
London
John Daniel is arrested for participation in the Dudley conspiracy and is held while the government investigates the network behind the plot.
House · House of Tudor
Baptista Castiglione
Arrest of Baptista Castiglione
Tower of London
Arrested for plotting against Mary I
House · House of Tudor
Kat Ashley
Arrest of Kat Ashley
Tower of London
Arrested for plotting against Mary I
House · House of Tudor
Kat Ashley
Plot
Tower of London
Arrested for plotting against Mary I
House · House of Tudor
Baptista Castiglione
Plot
Tower of London
Arrested for plotting against Mary I
House · House of Tudor
Francis Verney
Arrest of Francis Verney
Tower of London
Arrested for plotting against Mary I, convicted of treason but pardoned
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Dudley Conspiracy
London
A failed conspiracy seeks to replace Mary with Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Gunpowder Treason Plot
A failed plot to replace Mary with Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Plot
A failed plot to replace Mary with Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Francis Verney
Plot
Tower of London
Arrested for plotting against Mary I, convicted of treason but pardoned
House · House of Tudor
Francis Verney
Treason
Tower of London
Arrested for plotting against Mary I, convicted of treason but pardoned
House · House of Tudor
John Daniel
Execution
London
Daniel is executed after the Dudley conspiracy is uncovered
House · House of Tudor
Henry Peckham
Execution
London
Peckham is executed for involvement in the Dudley conspiracy
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Dudley Conspiracy
London
Plotters seek to replace Mary with Elizabeth during the Dudley conspiracy
House · House of Tudor
Henry Dudley
Dudley Conspiracy
London
Plots an invasion of England to depose Mary and place Elizabeth on the throne
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Dudley Conspiracy
London
Government uncovers a conspiracy linked to Henry Dudley and other opponents of Mary's regime
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Dudley Conspiracy Suppressed
London
Mary's government suppresses the Dudley conspiracy against the regime
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Dudley Plot
London
Henry Dudley's conspiracy aims to place Elizabeth on the throne
House · House of Tudor
Henry Dudley
Exile Plot
France
Dudley seeks foreign support for a plot against Mary and Philip
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Invasion Plot
London
Henry Dudley plans foreign-backed action against Mary's government
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Plotters Imprisoned
Tower of London
Conspirators linked to Henry Dudley are imprisoned in the Tower
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Servants Arrested
London
Elizabeth's servants and supporters are investigated after the Dudley conspiracy
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage
Elizabeth is summoned to court by Mary to marry Emmanuel Philibert
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Elizabeth is summoned to court by Mary to marry Emmanuel Philibert
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Savoy Marriage Proposal
London
Mary summons Elizabeth to court over a proposed marriage to Emmanuel Philibert
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Elizabeth Returns to Hatfield
Hatfield
Mary sends Elizabeth back to Hatfield after she refuses a Savoy marriage proposal
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Marriage
Mary sends Elizabeth back to Hatfield after she refuses to marry Emmanuel Philibert
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Mary sends Elizabeth back to Hatfield after she refuses to marry Emmanuel Philibert
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Pope
Death of Thomas Pope
Padua
Death of Edward Courtenay Earl of Devon, popular candidate as a husband for Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Pope
Marriage
London
Mary I asks Princess Elizabeth to marry the Duke of Savoy but she refuses
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Pope
Plot
Hatfield
Mary I sends Pope to Hatfield to keep an eye on Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
1557 · 14 records
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Philip II visits England to arrange marriage between Elizabeth I & Emmanuel Philibert
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor Mary I
Declaration of War on France
London
Mary declares war on France in support of Philip II, committing Tudor England to a continental conflict that exposes Calais to French attack.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Declaration of War
Philip II persuades his wife Mary I to declare war on France
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Declaration of War
Philip II leaves England never to return
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Declaration of War
London
Philip II persuades Mary to support Spain by declaring war on France
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Spanish Alliance War Commitment
London
Brings England into Philip's war against France after renewed strategic pressure overrides earlier efforts to limit English involvement in Habsburg conflicts.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
War with France
London
Mary declares war on France in alliance with Philip II of Spain
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Philip Departs
London
Philip leaves England after securing English entry into the war
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Philip Leaves England
London
Philip II leaves England and does not return before Mary's death
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Death of Anne of Cleves
Chelsea
Death of Anne of Cleaves
House · House of Tudor
William Herbert 1st Earl of Pembroke
English Army in the Low Countries
Calais
Pembroke leads an English contingent to join Philip II's forces, bringing Tudor troops into the campaign against France from the Calais region.
House · House of Tudor
William Herbert 1st Earl of Pembroke
Battle of Saint-Quentin
Saint-Quentin
Pembroke's English soldiers take part in the allied victory at Saint-Quentin, one of the principal military successes of Mary's war with France.
House · House of Tudor
Anne of Cleves
Burial
Westminster Abbey
Buried in Westminster Abbey
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Catholic Visitation Programme Expanded
England
Episcopal visitations enforce restored Catholic worship, inspect clergy and remove practices introduced during the Edwardian Reformation.
House · House of Tudor
1558 · 52 records
Francis Guise Duke of Guise
French Attack on Calais
Calais
Guise opens a rapid French offensive against the Pale of Calais, exploiting weak winter defences around England's last major possession in France.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Calais Lost
Calais
The last English possession on the French mainland is lost during Mary's reign
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Calais Surrendered
Calais
Calais falls and England loses its last mainland French stronghold
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Capture of Calais
Calais
French forces capture Calais the last major English possession on the French mainland
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Capture of Calais
Calais
The last major English possession on French soil is taken by the French
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Capture of Calais
Calais
French forces capture Calais during Mary's final year
House · House of Tudor
Francis Guise Duke of Guise
Fall of Calais
Calais
Guise captures Calais after a short siege, ending more than two centuries of English possession and removing the traditional base for invasions of France.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
French Capture Calais
Calais
French forces take Calais from England
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Rule of Calais Ends
Calais
English rule of Calais ends when French forces take the town
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Rule of Calais Ends
Calais
The last major English possession on French soil is lost
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Surrender of Calais
Calais
Calais is surrendered to French forces
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Surrender of Calais
Calais
Calais falls to France after a rapid winter campaign
House · House of Tudor
Francis Guise Duke of Guise
Fall of Guines
Guines
Guise's forces take Guines after the fall of Calais, eliminating the remaining major English fortified position in the former Pale.
House · House of Tudor
William Cordell
William Cordell Chosen Commons Speaker
Westminster
William Cordell becomes Speaker of Mary's final Parliament, which continues sitting into the year of her death.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Second Pregnancy Belief
London
Mary again believes herself pregnant but no child is born
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Second Pregnancy Belief
London
Mary again believes she is pregnant but no child is born
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Pregnancy Disappointment
London
Mary's second suspected pregnancy proves false and succession anxiety grows
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Second False Pregnancy
London
Mary's second expected pregnancy proves false and succession anxiety increases
House · House of Tudor
William Petre
Calais Recovery Negotiating Position
London
Supports instructions requiring English negotiators to press France over Calais and defend English interests in the approaching peace conference.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Cateau Peace Instructions
London
Authorises detailed instructions for English commissioners negotiating peace with France while the loss of Calais remains a central issue.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Council Discusses Succession
London
Mary's councillors prepare for Elizabeth's succession as Mary's illness worsens
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Health Declines
London
Mary's health worsens as councillors prepare for succession
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Health of Mary I
London
Mary's health declines sharply in the final months of her reign
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Elizabeth Recognized
London
Mary accepts Elizabeth as successor under pressure from her councillors
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Elizabeth Recognized
London
Mary recognizes Elizabeth as successor under pressure from her councillors
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession
London
Under pressure from councillors Mary recognizes Elizabeth as her successor
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession Recognized
London
The Privy Council recognizes Elizabeth as Mary I's successor
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession Decision
London
Elizabeth is informed that the Privy Council has accepted her succession
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Rumours of Death
London
Rumours of Mary's death spread before the official announcement
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Accession
Hatfield
Elizabeth succeeds Mary as Queen of England
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Accession
Westminster
Formally proclaimed Queen outside the Palace of Westminster
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Calais Lament
St James Palace
Later tradition links Mary's deathbed grief with the loss of Calais
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Calais Lament
St James Palace
Later tradition links Mary's deathbed sorrow with the loss of Calais
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Death of Mary I
St James Palace
Death of Mary I at St James Palace
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Death of Mary I
St James Palace
Mary I dies and Elizabeth succeeds to the throne
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Death of Mary I
St James Palace
Mary dies and Elizabeth succeeds to the English throne
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Death of Mary I
St James Palace
Mary dies at St James Palace after a reign of five years
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Death of Mary I
St James Palace
Mary dies at St James Palace and her reign ends
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Memory of Calais
St James Palace
Mary's reign ends with Calais remembered as a severe political loss
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
News Reaches Hatfield
Hatfield
Elizabeth receives news of Mary's death and her own accession
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Proclaimed Queen
Westminster
Elizabeth is formally proclaimed Queen outside Westminster
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Elizabeth succeeds Mary I and is proclaimed Queen in London
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Succession Rival Claim
London
After Mary I dies the French court backs Mary Queen of Scots claim to England and Ireland
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Recognized Successor
Hatfield
Elizabeth is accepted as successor as Mary's health fails
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession Supported
London
Philip supports Elizabeth's succession to block the French-backed claim of Mary Queen of Scots
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Will and Succession
London
Mary accepts arrangements that allow Elizabeth to succeed peacefully
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth's Coronation Planning Begins
London
Elizabeth's council begins organising the first major public ceremonial display of the new reign after her accession in November.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Mary's Funeral Ordered
London
Elizabeth's government prepares the funeral ceremonies for Mary I
House · House of Tudor
Mary Tudor Mary I
Continued War after Calais
English Channel
Mary's government continues military operations after losing Calais, but England cannot mount an effective invasion capable of recovering the captured territory before her death.
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
Declaration of War
London
Mary continues war against France on the side of Spain and Philip II
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
False Pregnancy
London
Mary mistakenly believes herself to be pregnant during her final year
House · House of Tudor
Mary I
War with France Continues
London
Mary's war against France continues after the loss of Calais
House · House of Tudor
1559 · 34 records
Elizabeth I
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
A Coronation procession is held in the streets of the City of London
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Coronation Eve City Entry
London
Elizabeth enters the City of London in a carefully staged public procession on the day before her crowning.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Coronation Procession
London
Elizabeth rides through London in a public coronation procession before her crowning
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I Cheapside Coronation Pageant
Cheapside
Elizabeth pauses at a major Cheapside display where civic symbolism links the queen with good government and national renewal.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I Cornhill Coronation Pageant
Cornhill
A pageant at Cornhill forms part of the city's elaborate welcome and reinforces expectations for the new reign.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Fenchurch Coronation Pageant
Fenchurch Street
A civic pageant greets Elizabeth near Fenchurch, beginning a sequence of symbolic displays along the route.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Gracechurch Coronation Pageant
Gracechurch Street
Elizabeth encounters another London pageant presenting political and religious imagery to the new queen.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Truth and Time Pageant
Cheapside
A pageant using the figures of Time and Truth presents Elizabeth with symbolic religious and political messages before her coronation.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Coronation
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeth is crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I Crowned
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeth is crowned queen in Westminster Abbey as the Tudor succession passes to Henry VIII's younger surviving daughter.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth Receives Coronation Regalia
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeth receives the traditional regalia of sovereignty before the formal crowning.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth's Coronation Banquet
Westminster Hall
A formal feast follows the Abbey service and concludes the public coronation celebrations of the new queen.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth's Coronation Oath
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeth takes the coronation oath as the religious and constitutional inauguration of her monarchy proceeds.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth's Coronation Recognition
Westminster Abbey
Oglethorpe presents Elizabeth before the Abbey congregation, marking the public recognition of the new queen before her oath.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Mixed Latin and English Coronation Service
Westminster Abbey
Parts of Elizabeth's coronation are conducted in Latin and parts in English, reflecting the unsettled religious position at the start of the reign.
House · House of Tudor
Owen Oglethorpe
Oglethorpe Anoints Elizabeth
Westminster Abbey
Oglethorpe anoints Elizabeth during the sacred central section of the service.
House · House of Tudor
Owen Oglethorpe
Oglethorpe Chosen as Coronation Bishop
Westminster Abbey
Owen Oglethorpe conducts the coronation because Canterbury is vacant and the Archbishop of York declines to perform the service.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth's First Parliament Assembles
Westminster
Elizabeth's first Parliament meets to establish the legal foundations of the new reign and reverse key features of Mary's religious policy.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Gargrave
Thomas Gargrave Chosen Speaker
Westminster
Thomas Gargrave becomes Speaker of Elizabeth's first Parliament as the new government introduces its religious and constitutional settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
The Government drafts a petition requesting the Queen to marry & provide an heir
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
London
Parliament addresses Elizabeth & urges her to marry
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Treaty of Cateau Cambresis
Cateau Cambresis
Philip II decides to marry Elizabeth of Valois rather than Elizabeth I
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Calais Eight-Year Compensation Clause
Cateau-Cambresis
Accepts a peace formula allowing France to retain Calais subject to a future compensation arrangement if the town is not restored.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
French Hostilities Formally Ended
Cateau-Cambresis
Concludes a separate peace with France that ends the war inherited from Mary's reign and stabilises Elizabeth's new government.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Rule of Calais
Calais
Under the Treaty of Cateau Cambresis Calais is ceded to France for 8 yrs
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Treaty of Cateau Cambresis
Cateau Cambresis
Agrees an Anglo-French truce over Scotland
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabethan Supremacy Restored
Westminster
Parliament restores royal authority over the English Church and gives Elizabeth the title Supreme Governor rather than Supreme Head.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Supreme Governor Title Adopted
London
Elizabeth adopts the title Supreme Governor of the Church of England, framing royal ecclesiastical authority in language acceptable to a broader constituency.
House · House of Tudor
Edmund Bonner
Bonner Deprived for Refusing Settlement
London
Edmund Bonner is deprived of the bishopric of London after refusing the Elizabethan supremacy and uniformity settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabethan Act of Uniformity Passed
Westminster
Parliament requires use of a revised Book of Common Prayer and establishes penalties for clergy or worshippers who reject the authorised service.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Revised Prayer Book Introduced
England
The revised prayer book becomes the standard liturgy of the Elizabethan Church, combining the 1552 structure with selected modifications.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Royal Injunctions of 1559 Issued
England
Elizabeth's injunctions regulate preaching, images, clerical conduct and parish worship while enforcing the new religious settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Matthew Parker
Parker Consecrated Archbishop
Lambeth Palace
Matthew Parker is consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury and begins rebuilding an episcopate committed to Elizabeth's religious settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Oath of Supremacy Required from Clergy
England
Clergy and many officeholders are required to acknowledge Elizabeth's ecclesiastical supremacy as Supreme Governor.
House · House of Tudor
1560 · 24 records
Elizabeth I
Alliance Elizabeth I and Scotland
Allows Elizabeth to protect Scotland
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Coup
Berwick
The English try to help Scottish Protestant Lords overthrow the Catholic Mary of Guise
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth I
Treaty of Berwick
Berwick-upon-Tweed
Elizabeth allies with the Scottish Lords of the Congregation at Berwick, authorising English military intervention to remove French forces from Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
William Grey 13th Baron Grey de Wilton
English Army Enters Scotland
Scottish Borders
Grey leads Elizabeth's army across the border into Scotland, beginning a major intervention aimed at forcing the French garrison from Leith.
House · House of Tudor
William Grey 13th Baron Grey de Wilton
Siege of Leith
Leith
Grey's English army and its Scottish allies begin siege operations against the fortified French position at Leith.
House · House of Tudor
William Grey 13th Baron Grey de Wilton
Failed Assault on Leith
Leith
Grey orders a major assault on Leith that is repulsed with heavy English losses, forcing the besiegers to continue pressure rather than storm the town.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Edinburgh English Crown Recognition
Edinburgh
Obtains treaty provisions intended to prevent Francis II and Mary, Queen of Scots, from maintaining claims represented by the English royal arms.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Edinburgh Foreign Troop Withdrawal
Edinburgh
Secures an agreement requiring French and English forces to withdraw from Scotland after the collapse of French control there.
House · House of Tudor
William Cecil
Edinburgh Scottish Settlement
Edinburgh
Helps negotiate a settlement reducing French military influence in Scotland and strengthening the position of the Protestant Scottish lords.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Mary Stuart Arms Clause
Edinburgh
Treaty terms require Francis and Mary to stop using English royal arms
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth I
Treaty of Edinburgh
Edinburgh
Elizabeth's representatives agree the Treaty of Edinburgh, providing for French and English forces to leave Scotland and ending the intervention around Leith.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Parliament
The Scottish Parliament carries out the Scottish Reformation
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Reform of Parliament
The Scottish Parliament carries out the Scottish Reformation. Elizabeth I is made Protector of the Scottish Church
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Reformation, The
The Scottish Parliament carries out the Scottish Reformation
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Suicide
London
An inquest says Dudleys wifes death was accidental
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Death of Elizabeth I
London
Announces the death of Dudleys wife
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Suicide
London
Possible suicide caused by Dudleys advances to Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Robert Dudley
Dudley Becomes Free to Remarry
England
Amy Dudley's death leaves Robert Dudley free to marry, intensifying discussion of whether Elizabeth might choose him and produce a direct heir.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Dudley Scandal
London
Amy Robsart's death damages prospects for any marriage between Elizabeth and Dudley
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Grey
Catherine Grey Secretly Marries Hertford
England
Catherine Grey secretly marries Edward Seymour without royal permission, a serious political act because Henry VIII's settlement placed her line near the succession.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arran Marriage Proposal
London
Elizabeth receives proposals linking her marriage to Scottish Protestant policy
House · House of Tudor
Matthew Parker
Elizabethan Episcopal Succession Rebuilt
England
Parker participates in consecrating new bishops to replace Marian prelates who reject the royal supremacy and revised liturgy.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Refuses Scottish Marriage Scheme
London
Elizabeth avoids commitment to the Arran marriage proposal
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Succeeds as Queen of England
House · House of Tudor
1561 · 5 records
Catherine Grey
Catherine Grey Pregnancy Revealed
London
Catherine's pregnancy exposes her secret marriage and alarms Elizabeth because a child could strengthen a competing Protestant claim to the throne.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Seymour
Hertford Imprisoned over Secret Marriage
Tower of London
Edward Seymour is imprisoned after his unauthorised marriage to Catherine Grey becomes known, reflecting the crown's concern over uncontrolled succession alliances.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Katherine Grey Imprisoned
Tower of London
Elizabeth orders Katherine Grey confined after her secret Seymour marriage is discovered
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Grey
Birth of Edward Seymour Beauchamp
Tower of London
Catherine gives birth to Edward Seymour while imprisoned, creating a male descendant of Mary Tudor with a potentially important future claim.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Church Commissioners Enforce Settlement
England
Royal ecclesiastical commissioners investigate clergy and parishes that resist the supremacy, prayer book and injunctions.
House · House of Tudor
1562 · 10 records
Catherine Grey
Grey Marriage Declared Invalid
London
An ecclesiastical commission declares Catherine Grey's marriage invalid because proof of the ceremony is judged insufficient, making her son's legitimacy disputed.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth I
Treaty of Hampton Court
Hampton Court
Elizabeth agrees to support French Huguenots and accepts control of Le Havre, creating a new English military foothold on the French coast.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Calais Recovery Objective
Hampton Court
Uses intervention in France partly to seek compensation for the earlier loss of Calais while publicly supporting the Huguenot alliance.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Hampton Court Huguenot Alliance
Hampton Court
Concludes an agreement with the French Huguenot leadership that commits England to military and financial support during the French Wars of Religion.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Huguenot Troop Commitment
Hampton Court
Promises several thousand English troops to assist the Protestant forces and secure the Channel ports covered by the agreement.
House · House of Tudor
William Cecil
Le Havre Security Clause
Hampton Court
Supports treaty arrangements placing Le Havre in English hands as security while Elizabeth aids the Huguenot cause in France.
House · House of Tudor
William Cecil
Council Considers Heirs during Smallpox Crisis
London
Elizabeth's near-fatal smallpox prompts councillors to consider possible successors, exposing the danger created by the absence of a formally named heir.
House · House of Tudor
Ambrose Dudley Earl of Warwick
Occupation of Le Havre
Le Havre
Dudley leads English troops into Le Havre and takes command of the occupied port, which Elizabeth hopes to exchange for the restoration of Calais.
House · House of Tudor
Matthew Parker
Convocation Revises Edwardian Articles
London
Convocation revises the Edwardian Forty-Two Articles to produce a shorter doctrinal statement for the Elizabethan Church.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Suffers smallpox, brings up succession to Mary Stuart, many favour Lady Catherine Grey
House · House of Tudor
1563 · 12 records
Matthew Parker
Thirty-Nine Articles Agreed by Convocation
London
Convocation agrees the Thirty-Nine Articles, defining central doctrinal positions of the Elizabethan Church.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Williams
Thomas Williams Chosen Speaker
Westminster
Thomas Williams becomes Speaker during a Parliament dealing with religion, labour regulation, poverty and pressure over the royal succession.
House · House of Tudor
Catherine Grey
Birth of Thomas Seymour Grey-Line Heir
Tower of London
Catherine gives birth to a second son during confinement, extending the Grey-Seymour line despite the government's refusal to recognise the marriage as valid.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Foxe's Acts and Monuments Published
London
John Foxe publishes Acts and Monuments, shaping Protestant memory of persecution and becoming highly influential within Elizabethan religious culture.
House · House of Tudor
Ambrose Dudley Earl of Warwick
Siege of Le Havre
Le Havre
Dudley defends Le Havre as formerly opposing French factions unite to besiege the English occupation force and remove Elizabeth's continental foothold.
House · House of Tudor
Ambrose Dudley Earl of Warwick
Evacuation of Le Havre
Le Havre
Dudley surrenders and evacuates Le Havre after siege and disease devastate the English garrison, ending Elizabeth's attempt to hold the port.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Loss of Le Havre
London
Elizabeth loses her foothold in France when Le Havre is surrendered
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabethan Poor Relief Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament strengthens parish responsibility for poor relief and develops compulsory local arrangements for supporting the needy.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabethan Witchcraft Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament restores witchcraft as a secular criminal offence and establishes penalties varying with the harm alleged.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Royal Power Assurance Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament strengthens enforcement of the supremacy oath and legal protection of Elizabeth's royal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Statute of Artificers Enacted
Westminster
Parliament regulates apprenticeships, wages and labour mobility in a major attempt to organise the Tudor labour market.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Petitioned by Parliament to marry & declare a successor
House · House of Tudor
1564 · 6 records
Elizabeth I
Troyes Calais Recognition
Troyes
Recognises continued French possession of Calais in return for a financial payment, ending the immediate English attempt to recover the port.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Smith
Troyes Financial Settlement
Troyes
Helps negotiate the payment due from France under the peace settlement that ends the Le Havre conflict.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Troyes Peace Settlement
Troyes
Concludes peace with Charles IX after the failed English occupation of Le Havre and restores formal relations with France.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Holyrood
Darnley is great grandson of Margaret Tudor & grandson of Henry VII
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Peerage
Creates Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester so that he could marry Mary Queen of Scots
House · House of Tudor
Matthew Parker
Vestiarian Controversy Intensifies
London
Disputes over clerical vestments reveal growing tension between conformist bishops and ministers seeking more extensive Protestant reform.
House · House of Tudor
1565 · 8 records
Elizabeth I
Alliance Agreement with Spain & the Empire
A marriage to Archduke Charles would create an alliance with Spain & the Empire
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Alliance marriage to Archduke Charles would and Spain and the Empire
A marriage to Archduke Charles would create an alliance with Spain & the Empire
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Turns down the offer of marriage to Charles IX. Elizabeth I negotiates marriage to the Duke of Anjou, younger brother of Charles IX. Elizabeth I enters negotiations with Archduke Charles through his envoy, Zwetkovich
House · House of Tudor
Francis Walsingham
Marriage
Paris
Negotiates possible marriage between Elizabeth I & Anjou, younger brother of Charles
House · House of Tudor
Henry Stuart Darnley
Darnley Marriage Strengthens Tudor Descent
Edinburgh
Darnley's marriage to Mary combines the Tudor descent of Margaret Tudor's two family branches within one prospective Scottish heir.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Mary Queen of Scots marries Earl Darnley in defiance of Elizabeth I
House · House of Tudor
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary Stuart Marries Lord Darnley
Holyrood Palace
Mary marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, uniting two descendants of Henry VII and strengthening the hereditary claims of any child they produce.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox
London
Imprisons Darnleys mother, the Countess of Lennox
House · House of Tudor
1566 · 12 records
Matthew Parker
Advertisements Enforce Clerical Conformity
London
Parker's Advertisements press clergy to follow authorised dress and worship, attempting to impose greater uniformity on Protestant ministers.
House · House of Tudor
James VI
Birth of James VI
Edinburgh Castle
Mary and Darnley's son James is born with a strong hereditary claim to both Scotland and, through Margaret Tudor, the English crown.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Onslow
Richard Onslow Chosen Speaker
Westminster
Richard Onslow becomes Speaker when the Commons resumes amid intense pressure on Elizabeth concerning marriage and the succession.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Parliament discusses Elizabeth's succession
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
The House of Lords decides to petition Elizabeth I for a marriage & successor. Parliament discusses linking the subsidy Bill to a declaration about the succession
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Privy Councillors & the Commons agree to petition Elizabeth I regarding her succession
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Norfolk says Elizabeth should permit Parliament to discuss her marriage & succession
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Summons a deputation from the Lords & Commons to present her case. Answers Parliament by saying that her marriage & succession are her affair
House · House of Tudor
James VI
James VI Baptised at Stirling
Stirling Castle
James is baptised in a major royal ceremony that publicly confirms the survival of the infant at the centre of the Scottish succession.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Christening
The Countess of Argyl attends on Elizabeth's behalf. Godparent to James VI, sends a gold font
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Mary of Scots
Edinburgh
Sends Throckmorton to free Mary from "them that by nature & law are subject to her"
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
London
Norfolk says Elizabeth should permit Parliament to discuss her marriage & succession. Will not name a successor after pressure from the Privy Council, Lords & Commons. During a meeting of the Council refuses to be "buried alive" by naming her succesor
House · House of Tudor
1567 · 10 records
Elizabeth I
Assassination of Henry Stewart
Edinburgh
Assassination of Lord Darnley
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Assassination of Henry Stewart
Writes a letter to Mary saying Darnleys assassins should be arrested & punished
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Mary of Scots
Mary Queen of Scots arrives in England & spends the rest of her life under arrest
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Battle of Carberry Hill
Carberry Hill
Mary Queen of Scots & Bothwell are defeated & Mary arrested
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Abdication
Mary Queen of Scots is forced to abdicate & name James her succesor
House · House of Tudor
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary Stuart Abdicates for James
Loch Leven Castle
Mary is forced to abdicate the Scottish throne in favour of her infant son, transforming James from heir into reigning king.
House · House of Tudor
James VI
James VI Crowned King of Scots
Stirling
The thirteen-month-old James is crowned King of Scots, giving England's increasingly important Stuart claimant an independent crown.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Trial
London
Summons six Earls to London to listen to Murrays charges against Queen Mary
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Trial
Hampton Court
Marys trial is moved to Hampton Court. Mary is tried at a tribunal as the Queen of Scotland
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Battle of Langside
Mary Queen of Scots is defeated by Moray & seeks refuge in England
House · House of Tudor
1568 · 8 records
Catherine Grey
Death of Catherine Grey
Yoxford
Catherine Grey dies in custody, leaving her two sons as disputed representatives of the Tudor-descended Suffolk line.
House · House of Tudor
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary Stuart Enters England
Northern England
Mary flees into England after defeat at Langside, placing a major Catholic succession claimant physically within Elizabeth's realm and under English control.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Trial
York
Elizabeths representitives try cases forwarded by Morays & Marys representitives. Elizabeth is represented by the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Sussex & Ralph Sadler
House · House of Tudor
Ralph Sadler
Trial
York
Elizabeth is represented by the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Sussex & Ralph Sadler
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Trial
York
Norfolk plans to marry Mary & secure a Scottish alliance, the trial is moved to London
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Trial
Westminster
Orders that Marys trial be moved to Westminster
House · House of Tudor
George Talbot Shrewsbury, 6th
Arrest of Mary of Scots
Selected as the keeper of Mary, Queen of Scots, who was imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth I in 1568 after she had escaped to England from Scotland following the Battle of Langside
House · House of Tudor
Matthew Parker
Bishops' Bible Published
London
The Bishops' Bible is published under episcopal sponsorship as an English translation intended especially for public church reading.
House · House of Tudor
1569 · 28 records
Elizabeth I
Trial
London
Announces she cannot find guilt with either Mary or her accuser Murray
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Trial
Moray returns to Scotland, Elizabeth says nothing has been proven
House · House of Tudor
George Talbot Shrewsbury, 6th
Arrest of George Talbot
Turbury
Shrewsbury receives his ward Mary Queen of Scots at Tutbury
House · House of Tudor
James FitzMaurice FitzGerald
First Desmond Rising Begins
Munster
FitzMaurice begins armed resistance in Munster while presenting his cause as a defence of Catholic religion and Geraldine political power.
House · House of Tudor
Edmund Butler
Butler Brothers Join Munster Rising
Munster
Edmund Butler and his brothers join opposition to the crown, temporarily broadening the first Desmond rebellion beyond FitzGerald supporters.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Percy Northumberland, 7th Earl
Northern Earls Raise Retainers
County Durham
Northumberland and Westmorland mobilise retainers after fearing arrest, turning northern Catholic discontent into open armed rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Percy 7th Earl of Northumberland
Catholic Mass at Durham
Durham Cathedral
Northumberland's rebels occupy Durham Cathedral, destroy Protestant service books and restore the Catholic Mass as a public declaration of their religious programme.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Percy Northumberland, 7th Earl
Catholic Mass Restored at Durham Cathedral
Durham
The rebels restore Catholic worship in Durham Cathedral and publicly reject key elements of Elizabeth I's Protestant religious settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Neville Westmorland, 6th Earl
Northern Rebel Proclamation Issued
Durham
The rebel leaders issue a proclamation presenting their movement as a defence of religion while attacking advisers they blame for current policy.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Neville Westmorland, 6th Earl
Rebel Earls Enter Durham
Durham
The rebel earls enter Durham with armed followers and take control of the city during the opening stage of the rising.
House · House of Tudor
George Bowes
Barnard Castle Resists Rebels
Barnard Castle
Sir George Bowes defends Barnard Castle against the northern rebels, delaying their operations and tying down part of their force.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Percy Northumberland, 7th Earl
Northern Army Marches South
Northern England
The rebel army moves south from Durham in an effort to broaden support and increase pressure on Elizabeth's government.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Percy 7th Earl of Northumberland
Northern Rebellion Raised
Northern England
Thomas Percy joins the Rising of the North after being summoned to court, leading armed resistance that seeks to reverse Elizabeth's religious settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Trial
"the Queen of England should (not) conceive an evil opinion of her good sister"
House · House of Tudor
Charles Neville 6th Earl of Westmorland
Westmorland Joins Northern Rising
Northern England
Charles Neville joins Northumberland in open rebellion, mobilising retainers and Catholic supporters against Elizabeth I's government in northern England.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Neville Westmorland, 6th Earl
Barnard Castle Captured by Rebels
Barnard Castle
The northern rebels capture Barnard Castle after resistance collapses, but the wider rising is already losing strategic momentum.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Percy Northumberland, 7th Earl
Northumberland Flees into Scotland
Scottish Border
Northumberland crosses into Scotland after the rising collapses under pressure from advancing royal forces.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Radclyffe Sussex, 3rd Earl
Sussex Mobilises Royal Army
York
The Earl of Sussex gathers a stronger royal force at York as the rebels fail to obtain the wider support needed for a sustained campaign.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Neville Westmorland, 6th Earl
Westmorland Escapes into Exile
Scotland
Westmorland escapes from England after the rebellion fails and eventually lives in continental exile rather than submit to Elizabeth's government.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Mary of Scots
Tutbury Castle
Elizabeth has Mary Queen of Scots detained in Tutbury Castle
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk
Elizabeth has the Duke of Norfolk arrested
House · House of Tudor
Leonard Dacre
Dacre Joins Rebel Network
Cumbria
Leonard Dacre becomes implicated in the wider northern conspiracy while outwardly presenting himself as loyal, extending the rebellion beyond the two principal earls.
House · House of Tudor
Humphrey Gilbert
Gilbert Campaigns against Geraldines
Munster
Gilbert conducts a severe royal campaign against rebel districts in Munster, helping reduce the number of local allies willing to remain in arms.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Gunpowder Treason Plot
Ridolfi plans an invasion of England & the marriage of Thomas Howard to Mary. Led by Roberto Ridolfi, a Florentine banker based in London against Elizabeth I. Involves Felipe II of Spain, Pious V, the Duke of Norfolk & Mary Queen of Scots
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Gunpowder Treason Plot
Dover
Charles Baille is arrested with incriminating lettres from Ridolfi to Bishop Leslie
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Howard
Norfolk-Mary Marriage Scheme
England
Plans develop for Norfolk to marry Mary, Queen of Scots, a union that could place a powerful English noble beside a leading claimant to Elizabeth's throne.
House · House of Tudor
Roberto di Ridolfi
Plot
Ridolfi plans an invasion of England & the marriage of Thomas Howard to Mary. Charles Baille is arrested with incriminating lettres from Ridolfi to Bishop Leslie
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Pope declares Elizabeth to be a heretic & divests her of
The Pope declares Elizabeth to be a heretic & divests her of her divinity
House · House of Tudor
1570 · 10 records
Thomas Plumtree
Execution of Thomas Plumtree
Durham
Thomas Plumtree is executed for serving as a Catholic chaplain during the Northern Rebellion against Elizabeth I.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Excommunication
Vatican
Pope Pius V declares Elizabeth deposed & absolves Catholics from allegiance to her. Pius V issues the bull of excommunication against Elizabeth, "Regnas in Excelsis". Pius V excommunicates all catholics who support Elizabeth I, a fatwa against her
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Papal Excommunication Challenges Settlement
England
Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth, intensifying the political connection between Catholic resistance and loyalty to the established English Church.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Pius V declares Elizabeth I a usurper
Pius V declares Elizabeth I a usurper
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
Pius V declares Elizabeth I a usurper
House · House of Tudor
Leonard Dacre
Battle against Hunsdon
River Gelt
Leonard Dacre leads several thousand supporters against Lord Hunsdon's royal force near the River Gelt, but the attack fails and Dacre flees toward Scotland.
House · House of Tudor
George Talbot Shrewsbury, 6th
Arrest of George Talbot
Chatsworth
Shrewsbury conducts Mary Queen of Scots to Chatsworth
House · House of Tudor
John Felton
Execution of John Felton
St Paul's Churchyard
John Felton is executed for publishing the papal bull that declared Elizabeth I excommunicated.
House · House of Tudor
George Talbot Shrewsbury, 6th
Arrest of George Talbot
Sheffield
Cecil and Mildmay visit Chatsworth in October, and agree Marys removal to Sheffield Castle (Shrewsburys principal seat)
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Regency
London
Appoints Lord Darnleys father as Regent of Scotland
House · House of Tudor
1571 · 18 records
Elizabeth I
Royal Exchange
Hatfield
Elizabeth I opens the Royal Exchange
House · House of Tudor
Christopher Wray
Christopher Wray Chosen Speaker
Westminster
Christopher Wray becomes Speaker during a Parliament responding to Catholic conspiracy fears and the papal excommunication of Elizabeth.
House · House of Tudor
John Story
Execution of John Story
Tyburn
John Story is executed for treason after being abducted from the Low Countries and convicted of supporting Catholic opposition to Elizabeth.
House · House of Tudor
Hugh Owen
Exile of Hugh Owen
Forced into exile after the failure of the Ridolfi Plot
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Fraudulent Conveyances Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament targets property transfers deliberately designed to defeat creditors, creating a lasting principle in English law.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Gunpowder Treason Plot
London
The excommunication of 1570 led to Catholic opposition & the Ridolfi plot
House · House of Tudor
George Talbot Shrewsbury, 6th
Lord High Steward
Lord Shrewsbury is appointed Lord High Steward (the premier Great Office of State) for the trial of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (regarding the Ridolfi plot)
House · House of Tudor
John Perrot
Perrot Pursues FitzMaurice
Munster
Perrot becomes Lord President of Munster and conducts sustained operations intended to isolate and capture James FitzMaurice FitzGerald.
House · House of Tudor
Hugh Owen
Plot
London
Fails to release Mary Queen of Scots by preparing a relay of horses
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Ridolfi Plot
London
The excommunication of 1570 led to Catholic opposition & the Ridolfi plot
House · House of Tudor
Hugh Owen
Ridolfi Plot
Forced into exile after the failure of the Ridolfi Plot
House · House of Tudor
George Talbot Shrewsbury, 6th
Ridolfi Plot
Lord Shrewsbury is appointed Lord High Steward (the premier Great Office of State) for the trial of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (regarding the Ridolfi plot)
House · House of Tudor
Roberto Ridolfi
Ridolfi Plot Succession Scheme
Europe
Ridolfi's conspiracy envisages replacing Elizabeth with Mary, Queen of Scots, while linking Mary's succession to marriage with the Duke of Norfolk.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Statute Restricts Rival Crown Claims
Westminster
Parliament strengthens treason law against asserting rival rights to the crown, reflecting continuing anxiety over competing succession claims.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Subscription to Articles Required by Statute
Westminster
Parliament requires many clergy to subscribe to the doctrinal Articles, strengthening legal enforcement of the Elizabethan settlement.
House · House of Tudor
Matthew Parker
Thirty-Nine Articles Given Statutory Force
London
The Articles receive stronger legal standing as clerical subscription becomes a condition of ministry and benefice holding.
House · House of Tudor
George Talbot Shrewsbury, 6th
Trial
Lord Shrewsbury is appointed Lord High Steward (the premier Great Office of State) for the trial of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (regarding the Ridolfi plot)
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Usury Act Regulates Interest
Westminster
Parliament permits lending at interest within statutory limits while penalising rates above the authorised maximum.
House · House of Tudor
1572 · 20 records
William Cecil
Blois Anti-Spanish Strategy
Blois
Supports the French alliance as a means of reducing the risk that England will face Spain without a major continental partner.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Blois Defensive Alliance Terms
Blois
Agrees mutual defensive obligations with France, creating a diplomatic counterweight to Spanish power in western Europe.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Treaty of Blois
Blois
Signed with France, both countries wil support each other if attacked. England is freed from French support of an invasion by Mary Queen of Scots
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Courted the Duke of Alencon, younger son of Charles IX of France
House · House of Tudor
Robert Bell
Robert Bell Chosen Speaker
Westminster
Robert Bell becomes Speaker during a long Parliament concerned with religion, poverty, security and the position of Mary, Queen of Scots.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Percy 7th Earl of Northumberland
Execution of Northumberland
York
Thomas Percy is executed at York after being surrendered from Scotland, closing the career of the most prominent surviving leader of the Northern Rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Percy Northumberland, 7th Earl
Execution of Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland
York
Thomas Percy is beheaded for leading the Northern Rebellion and supporting a Catholic challenge to Elizabeth I.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Massacre
The massacre disrupts negotiations to marry the Duke of Alencon. The French Ambassador reveals a Hugenot plot to kill the French King & his family
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Accepts an invitation to become god-mother to a daughter of Charles IX
Accepts an invitation to become god-mother to a daughter of Charles IX
House · House of Tudor
Matthew Parker
Bishops' Bible Revised
London
A revised edition of the Bishops' Bible appears, refining the translation used widely in Elizabethan churches.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Death of Elizabeth I
London
Executes Norfolk for a plot to bring Mary Stewart to the throne & restore Catholicism
House · House of Tudor
George Talbot Shrewsbury, 6th
Earl Marshal
Appointed Earl Marshal
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Execution of Norfolk
London
Executes Norfolk for a plot to bring Mary Stewart to the throne & restore Catholicism
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Gunpowder Treason Plot
Elizabeth I prevents the English Commons from passing a bill of attainder against Mary. A bill is passed preventing Mary from being Elizabeth's successor
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Huguenots
Courted the Duke of Alencon, younger son of Charles IX of France. The massacre of Huguenots ends chances of Elizabeth's marriage to a French Prince. Courted by the Duke of Alencons envoy, La Mole
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Courted the Duke of Alencon, younger son of Charles IX of France. The massacre of Huguenots ends chances of Elizabeth's marriage to a French Prince. Courted by the Duke of Alencons envoy, La Mole
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Calais
Wishes to have Calais returned to England if she is to marry the Duke of Alencon
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Massacre
The massacre disrupts negotiations to marry the Duke of Alencon. The French Ambassador reveals a Hugenot plot to kill the French King & his family. Protestants are massacred in France
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Succession
A bill is passed preventing Mary from being Elizabeth's successor
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Vagabonds Act Establishes Houses of Correction
Westminster
Parliament introduces stronger measures against persistent vagrancy while encouraging organised local punishment and correction.
House · House of Tudor
1573 · 4 records
James FitzMaurice FitzGerald
FitzMaurice Submits at Kilmallock
Kilmallock
FitzMaurice formally submits to John Perrot at Kilmallock, ending the first Desmond rebellion after years of guerrilla resistance.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Netherlands Trade Intercourse Renewed
London
Restores commercial intercourse with the Habsburg Netherlands after disputes over seizures and embargoes had disrupted trade.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Woodhouse
Execution of Thomas Woodhouse
Smithfield
Thomas Woodhouse is executed after years of imprisonment and continued rejection of Elizabeth I's religious supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Trade Relations
Spain & England resume trade
House · House of Tudor
1574 · 6 records
Elizabeth I
Bristol Anglo-Spanish Settlement
Bristol
Concludes a settlement with Spain designed to resolve commercial seizures and normalise trade after several years of Anglo-Spanish tension.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Smith
Bristol Damage Claims Settlement
Bristol
Helps negotiate compensation for property seized during the earlier commercial dispute between England and Spanish interests.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Duke of Alencon
The Duke of Alencon is arrested in France for plotting against his brother Charles IX
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
death of Charles IX throws Anglo-French relations into confusion
The death of Charles IX throws Anglo-French relations into confusion
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
The Duke of Alencon is arrested in France for plotting against his brother Charles IX
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
The Duke of Alencon is arrested in France for plotting against his brother Charles IX. Courted by the Duke of Alencon after his brother Anjou succeeds in France as Henry III
House · House of Tudor
1575 · 2 records
Elizabeth I
Treaty of Blois
Blois
Henry III sends an Envoy to England to confirm the Treaty of Blois
House · House of Tudor
Edmund Grindal
Grindal Becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
Canterbury
Edmund Grindal succeeds Matthew Parker as Archbishop of Canterbury and inherits disputes over preaching, discipline and Puritan reform.
House · House of Tudor
1576 · 4 records
Peter Wentworth
Wentworth Committed after Privilege Speech
Tower of London
The Commons commits Wentworth to the Tower after his outspoken defence of parliamentary privilege and criticism of restrictions on debate.
House · House of Tudor
Peter Wentworth
Wentworth Demands Parliamentary Free Speech
Westminster
Peter Wentworth argues that the Commons should debate freely without royal interference, challenging Elizabeth's limits on parliamentary discussion.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Elizabeth I turns down Parliaments appeals for her to marry
House · House of Tudor
Edmund Grindal
Prophesyings Defended by Grindal
Canterbury
Grindal defends clerical preaching exercises known as prophesyings because he believes they improve ministerial learning and preaching standards.
House · House of Tudor
1577 · 5 records
Elizabeth I
Prophesyings Suppressed by Royal Order
England
Elizabeth orders the suppression of prophesyings, fearing that uncontrolled clerical meetings encourage Puritan organisation and challenge episcopal authority.
House · House of Tudor
Edmund Grindal
Grindal Suspended from Active Authority
Canterbury
Grindal is effectively suspended after refusing fully to execute Elizabeth's command against prophesyings.
House · House of Tudor
Cuthbert Mayne
Execution of Cuthbert Mayne
Launceston
Cuthbert Mayne is hanged, drawn and quartered after conviction under laws directed against Catholic missionary activity.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Armament
Offers 20,000 pounds for a Huguenot army to be raised in Germany
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Huguenot Army
Offers 20,000 pounds for a Huguenot army to be raised in Germany
House · House of Tudor
1578 · 3 records
John Nelson
Execution of John Nelson
Tyburn
John Nelson is executed for Catholic priesthood and refusal to acknowledge Elizabeth I's religious supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Sherwood
Execution of Thomas Sherwood
Tyburn
Thomas Sherwood is executed after conviction under the Act of Supremacy for refusing to recognise Elizabeth's ecclesiastical authority.
House · House of Tudor
Mary Grey
Death of Mary Grey
London
Mary Grey dies childless, removing the youngest Grey sister from the succession landscape and leaving Catherine Grey's disputed sons as the principal Suffolk descendants.
House · House of Tudor
1579 · 5 records
James FitzMaurice FitzGerald
Catholic Expedition Lands at Smerwick
Smerwick
FitzMaurice lands with a small foreign-backed expedition at Smerwick and proclaims a renewed Catholic rebellion against Elizabeth's government in Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
James FitzMaurice FitzGerald
FitzMaurice Killed in Munster
Munster
FitzMaurice is killed during a clash in Munster, leaving other Geraldine leaders to continue the second Desmond rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
John FitzGerald
John of Desmond Assumes Rebel Leadership
Munster
John FitzGerald assumes a leading military role after FitzMaurice's death and sustains the rebellion across Munster.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Alencon arrives in England to woo Elizabeth I to help invade The Netherlands
House · House of Tudor
John Stubbs
Marriage
Writes a pamplet saying that Elizabeth cannot marry Alencon, a Catholic & Frenchman
House · House of Tudor
1580 · 2 records
Arthur Grey Grey de Wilton
Papal Force Besieged at Smerwick
Smerwick
Grey's royal army besieges the foreign-backed garrison at Smerwick after papal troops land to support the Desmond rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Ralph Sherwin
Ralph Sherwin Arrested in London
London
Ralph Sherwin is arrested after returning to England as a Catholic seminary priest and is imprisoned for his clandestine ministry.
House · House of Tudor
1581 · 17 records
John Popham
John Popham Chosen Speaker
Westminster
John Popham becomes Speaker as Parliament adopts stronger legislation against Catholic missionary activity and recusancy.
House · House of Tudor
Alexander Briant
Alexander Briant Arrested
London
Alexander Briant is arrested because authorities suspect he can provide information about Catholic missionary networks and Edmund Campion.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Anjou Marriage Contract Drafted
London
Approves detailed marriage articles with Francis, Duke of Anjou, while reserving a final decision on whether the marriage will actually proceed.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Walsingham
Anjou Sovereignty Safeguards
London
Participates in negotiations that restrict Anjou's authority, protect English offices and laws, and prevent the proposed marriage from subordinating England to foreign interests.
House · House of Tudor
Edmund Campion
Edmund Campion Captured at Lyford Grange
Lyford Grange
Edmund Campion is captured after priest hunters discover him at Lyford Grange, ending more than a year of clandestine Jesuit missionary work.
House · House of Tudor
Everard Hanse
Execution of Everard Hanse
Tyburn
Everard Hanse is executed for exercising Catholic priesthood and denying the queen's religious supremacy.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Alencon arrives in England after Elizabeth has a marriage contract drawn up
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Elizabeth I publicy announces "the Duke of Alencon shall be my husband"
House · House of Tudor
St Edmund Campion
Death of St Edmund Campion
Tyburn
Death of St Edmund Campion, executed
House · House of Tudor
Alexander Briant
Execution of Alexander Briant
Tyburn
Alexander Briant is executed after conviction for alleged treason linked to Catholic missionary work and Jesuit association.
House · House of Tudor
St Edmund Campion
Execution of Campion
Tyburn
Executed after being falsely implicated in a plot against Elizabeth I
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Execution of Campion
Tyburn
St Edmund Campion is executed when falsely implicated in a plot against Elizabeth I
House · House of Tudor
Ralph Sherwin
Execution of Ralph Sherwin
Tyburn
Ralph Sherwin is executed after conviction for alleged treason arising from Catholic missionary activity in England.
House · House of Tudor
St Edmund Campion
Plot
Tyburn
Executed after being falsely implicated in a plot against Elizabeth I
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Diplomatic Negotiations
Elizabeth toys with Alencons marriage negotiations to isolate Spain
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Marriage
Lends the Duke of Alencon 60,000 pounds to assist him in The Netherlands
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Subjects' Due Obedience Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament increases penalties for reconciling English subjects to Rome and for activities challenging allegiance to Elizabeth.
House · House of Tudor
1582 · 2 records
John Paine
Execution of John Paine
Chelmsford
John Paine is executed after conviction for alleged treason connected with his Catholic priestly ministry.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Ford
Execution of Thomas Ford
Tyburn
Thomas Ford is executed for alleged treason after returning to England as a Catholic seminary priest.
House · House of Tudor
1583 · 13 records
John Whitgift
Whitgift Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury
Canterbury
John Whitgift becomes Archbishop of Canterbury and begins a firmer campaign for conformity within the established Church.
House · House of Tudor
John Somerville
Somerville Arrested
Warwickshire
Somerville is apprehended on his journey toward London and admits a plan to attack the queen, drawing his relatives and associates into a treason investigation.
House · House of Tudor
John Somerville
Somerville Assassination Threat
Warwickshire
John Somerville openly declares an intention to kill Elizabeth I and sets out toward London carrying weapons, prompting his arrest before he reaches the court.
House · House of Tudor
John Whitgift
Whitgift Three Articles Imposed
England
Whitgift requires clergy to affirm royal supremacy, the prayer book and the doctrinal Articles as part of a stricter conformity campaign.
House · House of Tudor
Gerald FitzGerald Desmond, 14th Earl
Earl of Desmond Killed
County Kerry
Gerald FitzGerald is killed near Tralee while being hunted by crown forces and local opponents, effectively ending the second Desmond rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Arden
Edward Arden Arrested
Warwickshire
Edward Arden is arrested after his son-in-law Somerville implicates him, although the strength and fairness of the evidence against Arden remain deeply disputed.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Throckmorton
Francis Throckmorton Arrested after House Search
London
Francis Throckmorton is arrested after government agents search his house and uncover material linking him to plans for foreign-backed Catholic intervention.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Throckmorton
Throckmorton Plot Invasion Plan
London
Throckmorton's conspiracy is uncovered after planning foreign military support for an invasion intended to free Mary, Queen of Scots, and overthrow Elizabeth.
House · House of Tudor
Edward Arden
Execution of Edward Arden
Smithfield
Edward Arden is executed for treason after conviction in the Somerville case, maintaining his innocence while the prosecution presents the affair as a Catholic conspiracy.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Throckmorton
Death of Francis Throckmorton
Death of Francis Throckmorton
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Execution
London
Throckmorton is executed for his part in a Catholic plot to install Mary on the throne
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Gunpowder Treason Plot
London
Excommunication of 1570 led to Catholic opposition & the Throckmorton plot
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Reballion of Rebels in London
London
Excommunication of 1570 led to Catholic opposition & the Throckmorton plot
House · House of Tudor
1584 · 6 records
Elizabeth Tudor I
Death of Anjou
London
Receives news of the death of Francois, Duke of Anjou and Alencon, the last serious suitor of her reign
House · House of Tudor
Francis Throckmorton
Execution
Tyburn
Executed for his role in the Throckmorton Plot against Elizabeth I
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Bond of Association Signed
England
Supporters swear to punish anyone who benefits from a plot against Elizabeth, directly linking the queen's personal safety to the future succession.
House · House of Tudor
John Puckering
John Puckering Chosen Speaker
Westminster
John Puckering becomes Speaker in a Parliament dominated by security concerns following Catholic plots against Elizabeth.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Death of Elizabeth I
Death of Alencon, the last of her suitors
House · House of Tudor
William Parry
Parry Assassination Proposal
London
William Parry discusses a plan to kill Elizabeth I, allegedly proposing an attack while the queen is riding and framing the act as a Catholic political remedy.
House · House of Tudor
1585 · 11 records
Edmund Neville
Neville Denounces Parry
London
Edmund Neville reports Parry's assassination discussions to the government, giving ministers the evidence they use to open a formal treason investigation.
House · House of Tudor
William Parry
Arrest of William Parry
Tower of London
Parry is arrested for high treason after Neville's accusations and is taken to the Tower, where he writes statements about the alleged assassination design.
House · House of Tudor
William Parry
Execution of William Parry
Westminster Palace Yard
William Parry is executed after conviction for plotting Elizabeth's death, while continuing to dispute important parts of the prosecution's account.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Act for the Queen's Safety Enacted
Westminster
Parliament creates a legal process against claimants implicated in attempts on Elizabeth's life, placing Mary's succession prospects under greater danger.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Nonsuch Cautionary Towns Clause
Nonsuch
Receives Flushing, Brill and associated positions as security for eventual Dutch repayment of English military expenditure.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Nonsuch Dutch Alliance Signed
Nonsuch
Concludes a formal alliance with the Dutch rebels, openly committing England to support resistance against Spanish rule in the Netherlands.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Nonsuch Troop Commitment
Nonsuch
Promises English infantry and cavalry for service in the Netherlands under a senior commander paid by the English crown.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth I
Treaty of Nonsuch
Nonsuch Palace
Elizabeth signs the Treaty of Nonsuch and commits troops to the Dutch revolt, partly to prevent the Netherlands becoming a secure Spanish invasion base against England.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester
Leicester Expedition to the Netherlands
Flushing
Dudley sails with an English expeditionary army to the Netherlands, taking command of forces intended to resist Spanish advances near the Channel coast.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Assassination of William Orange
William the Silent is assassinated, Elizabeth becomes Protector of The Netherlands
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Jesuits and Seminary Priests Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament orders Jesuit and seminary priests to leave the realm and criminalises specified assistance to their continued missionary activity.
House · House of Tudor
1586 · 17 records
Elizabeth I
Death of Elizabeth I
London
Signs Mary Queen of Scots; death warrant but tries, unsuccessfully, to retain it
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
London
Signs Mary Queen of Scots; death warrant but tries, unsuccessfully, to retain it
House · House of Tudor
John Ballard
Ballard Recruits Babington Circle
London
John Ballard encourages Anthony Babington and his associates to support a scheme combining Elizabeth's assassination with the release of Mary, Queen of Scots.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Treaty of Berwick
Berwick
Promises James VI an annual Grant
House · House of Tudor
Anthony Babington
Babington Assassination Letter
London
Anthony Babington writes to Mary describing plans for Elizabeth's assassination and Mary's rescue, creating the documentary evidence later used against the conspirators.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Phelippes
Mary's Letter Deciphered
London
Thomas Phelippes deciphers Mary's response to Babington, giving Walsingham evidence that ministers interpret as approval of the plan to remove Elizabeth.
House · House of Tudor
John Savage
Savage Assigned Assassination Role
London
John Savage is identified within the Babington conspiracy as one of the men prepared to undertake the physical killing of Elizabeth I.
House · House of Tudor
Chidiock Tichborne
Tichborne Joins Babington Plot
London
Chidiock Tichborne joins Babington's circle and becomes involved in the wider conspiracy to free Mary and overthrow Elizabeth's government.
House · House of Tudor
Anthony Babington
Anthony Babington Captured after Plot Discovery
England
Anthony Babington is captured after the government deciphers correspondence connecting his circle with a conspiracy to kill Elizabeth I and release Mary Stuart.
House · House of Tudor
Mary, Queen of Scots
Babington Plot Letters Intercepted
England
Intercepted correspondence connects Mary to the Babington conspiracy, allowing Elizabeth's ministers to argue that the leading Catholic claimant has endorsed her removal.
House · House of Tudor
Anthony Babington
Babington Plot Trial
Westminster Hall
Babington and fellow conspirators are tried for treason after Walsingham's network exposes their correspondence, and the court condemns them to death.
House · House of Tudor
Anthony Babington
Execution of Anthony Babington
St Giles Field
Anthony Babington is executed for the conspiracy against Elizabeth, bringing the principal English organiser of the plot to a public and severe end.
House · House of Tudor
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary Tried under Queen's Safety Act
Fotheringhay Castle
Mary is tried before commissioners for involvement in the Babington Plot, converting the succession threat she represents into a capital legal case.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Parliament Petitions for Mary Stuart's Execution
Westminster
Lords and Commons petition Elizabeth to carry out the sentence against Mary, Queen of Scots, arguing that her survival threatens national security.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Arrest of Mary of Scots
Elizabeth will not risk a war to restore Mary & has Mary arrested
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Exile of Elizabeth I
Crosses the Scottish border & seeks Elizabeth's protection
House · House of Tudor
Gilbert Gifford
Gifford Carries Coded Letters
England
Gilbert Gifford acts as a courier in the secret correspondence with Mary while cooperating with Walsingham's intelligence service, allowing ministers to monitor the conspiracy.
House · House of Tudor
1587 · 7 records
Elizabeth I
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
London
Throws away the death warrant, picked up by Davison who takes it to the Chancellor. Signs Mary Stewarts death warrant
House · House of Tudor
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary Stuart Executed at Fotheringhay
Fotheringhay Castle
Mary is executed after conviction for the Babington Plot, removing the most prominent Catholic claimant to Elizabeth's throne.
House · House of Tudor
Anthony Cope
Cope Imprisoned over Ecclesiastical Bill
Tower of London
Cope is imprisoned after pressing proposals that Elizabeth considers an unacceptable parliamentary intrusion into ecclesiastical government.
House · House of Tudor
Anthony Cope
Cope Introduces Puritan Church Reform Bill
Westminster
Anthony Cope introduces a bill and alternative liturgy proposing extensive reform of Church government and worship beyond Elizabeth's settlement.
House · House of Tudor
James VI
James Becomes Principal Stuart Claimant
Scotland
After his mother's execution, James remains the strongest adult claimant descended from Margaret Tudor and increasingly becomes central to expectations about Elizabeth's successor.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Drake
Raid on Cadiz
Cadiz
Drake attacks Cadiz and destroys or captures shipping and stores, disrupting Spanish preparations for the planned Armada invasion of England.
House · House of Tudor
Alexander Farnese Duke of Parma
Army of Flanders Invasion Preparations
Flanders
Parma concentrates veteran Spanish troops and transport craft in the Low Countries for the cross-Channel landing envisaged in Philip II's invasion plan.
House · House of Tudor
1588 · 10 records
Alonso Perez Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia
Spanish Armada Sails
Lisbon
Medina Sidonia leads the Spanish Armada from Lisbon with orders to enter the Channel, protect Parma's crossing and support an invasion of England.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Howard 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
Armada Sighted
The Lizard
Howard receives reports that the Spanish Armada has been sighted off Cornwall and prepares the English fleet to contest its passage up the Channel.
House · House of Tudor
Francis Drake
Battle off Plymouth
Plymouth
Drake and other English commanders attack the Armada off Plymouth, using longer-range gunnery while avoiding the close grappling combat favoured by Spain.
House · House of Tudor
Alonso Perez Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia
Armada Anchors at Calais
Calais
Medina Sidonia anchors the Armada off Calais while awaiting contact with Parma, creating the vulnerable concentration that the English exploit with fireships.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Howard 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
Calais Fireship Attack
Calais
Howard sends fireships into the crowded Spanish anchorage at Calais, forcing Armada captains to cut their cables and scatter before Parma can embark his army.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Howard 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
Battle of Gravelines
Gravelines
Howard's fleet attacks the disordered Armada near Gravelines and inflicts severe damage, preventing the Spanish from restoring the formation needed to cover an invasion.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth I
Tilbury Mobilisation
Tilbury
Elizabeth visits the army assembled at Tilbury and addresses troops prepared to resist any Spanish landing while the Armada remains a threat at sea.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Armada Thanksgiving Services Ordered
England
National thanksgiving services celebrate deliverance from the Spanish Armada and reinforce Protestant interpretations of Elizabethan national identity.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Alliance Elizabeth I and Henry IV in France
Sends contingents to support Henry IV in France
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Excommunication
Vatican
Elizabeth is excommunicated by the Pope for a 2nd time on the eve of the Armada
House · House of Tudor
1589 · 6 records
Thomas Snagge
Thomas Snagge Chosen Speaker
Westminster
Thomas Snagge becomes Speaker during the first Parliament convened after the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
House · House of Tudor
John Norris
Landing at Peniche
Peniche
Norris lands the English army at Peniche and begins an overland march toward Lisbon in support of the Portuguese claimant Antonio, Prior of Crato.
House · House of Tudor
John Norris
Attack on Coruna
Coruna
Norris lands troops near Coruna and assaults the Spanish port, but the English expedition cannot secure the city and eventually withdraws.
House · House of Tudor
John Norris
Advance on Lisbon
Lisbon
Norris reaches the outskirts of Lisbon, but the expected popular uprising fails to develop and the expedition lacks the support needed to take the capital.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Charter of Leicester
Leicester
Grants a Charter to Leicester
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Cottages Act Restricts New Rural Dwellings
Westminster
Parliament limits construction of cottages without sufficient attached land, reflecting official concern about poverty and rural settlement.
House · House of Tudor
1590 · 1 record
Elizabeth I
Peerage
Warwick
Acquires the title & estates of the Earl of Warwick
House · House of Tudor
1591 · 6 records
Robert Devereux 2nd Earl of Essex
Normandy Expedition
Dieppe
Essex takes an English expeditionary force to Normandy to support Henry IV, reinforcing Protestant resistance to the Catholic League and its Spanish allies.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Catholic League
Normandy
Prevents the Catholic League occupying Normandy & uniting Brittany with Flanders
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Invasion of France
Aids Henry IV & the Dutch & German Protestants
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Invasion of France
Brittany
Sends 3,000 troops to Brittany against the Spaniards
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Invasion of France
Normandy
Prevents the Catholic League occupying Normandy & uniting Brittany with Flanders
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Siege of Rouen
Rouen
Sends 3,000 under the Earl of Essex to besiege Rouen
House · House of Tudor
1593 · 8 records
Edward Coke
Edward Coke Chosen Speaker
Westminster
Edward Coke becomes Speaker during a Parliament marked by disputes over religion, privilege, recusancy and the succession.
House · House of Tudor
Peter Wentworth
Wentworth Imprisoned over Succession Proposal
London
Peter Wentworth is imprisoned after promoting parliamentary discussion of the succession, showing Elizabeth's continued refusal to permit an open settlement of the question.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Act against Seditious Sectaries Passed
Westminster
Parliament acts against separatist religious groups whose refusal of established worship is treated as a threat to church and state order.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Hesketh
Hesketh Approaches Earl of Derby
Lathom House
Richard Hesketh urges Ferdinando Stanley to assert a claim to the English succession, promising foreign support for a challenge to Elizabeth I.
House · House of Tudor
Ferdinando Stanley 5th Earl of Derby
Hesketh Plot Reported
Windsor
Ferdinando Stanley rejects Hesketh's proposal and delivers him to the authorities, preventing the succession scheme from developing into an organised rising.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Hesketh
Execution of Richard Hesketh
St Albans
Richard Hesketh is executed after conviction for attempting to recruit the Earl of Derby into a foreign-supported challenge to Elizabeth's crown.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Hooker
Ecclesiastical Polity Begins Publication
London
Richard Hooker begins publishing Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, defending the Elizabethan Church against Puritan criticisms of its government and worship.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Popish Recusants Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament imposes tighter restrictions on persistent Catholic recusants, including controls on movement and residence.
House · House of Tudor
1594 · 6 records
Roderigo Lopez
Arrest of Roderigo Lopez
Tower of London
Roderigo Lopez is arrested after investigators allege that he participated in a Spanish-backed scheme to poison Elizabeth, although the evidence remains historically disputed.
House · House of Tudor
Roderigo Lopez
Roderigo Lopez Arrested over Poison Allegation
London
Roderigo Lopez is arrested after being accused of involvement in a Spanish-backed plan to poison Elizabeth I, a charge he denies.
House · House of Tudor
Roderigo Lopez
Lopez Poison Plot Trial
Guildhall
Lopez is tried at Guildhall for allegedly agreeing to poison the queen, with the prosecution relying on confessions, intercepted dealings and testimony from Portuguese associates.
House · House of Tudor
Roderigo Lopez
Death of Roderigo Lopez
London
Queen Elizabeth's physician, for allegedly trying to poison her
House · House of Tudor
Roderigo Lopez
Execution of Lopez
London
Queen Elizabeth's physician, for allegedly trying to poison her
House · House of Tudor
Roderigo Lopez
Execution of Roderigo Lopez
Tyburn
Roderigo Lopez is executed for the alleged poisoning conspiracy after Elizabeth delays the sentence, a hesitation that has contributed to later doubts about his guilt.
House · House of Tudor
1595 · 7 records
Hugh O'Neill Tyrone, 2nd Earl
Battle of Clontibret
Clontibret
O'Neill's forces defeat a crown army near Clontibret, demonstrating that the Ulster rebellion can challenge experienced English troops in open battle.
House · House of Tudor
Carlos Amesquita
Spanish Raid on Cornwall
Mounts Bay
Amesquita lands Spanish troops at Mounts Bay and burns Mousehole, Paul and parts of Penzance before re-embarking, demonstrating England's vulnerability to coastal attack.
House · House of Tudor
John Whitgift
Lambeth Articles Approved
Lambeth
Whitgift approves the Lambeth Articles, a strongly predestinarian doctrinal statement that never receives full statutory authority.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Hastings
Death of Henry Hastings
York
Henry Hastings dies without children, removing a prominent Protestant claimant descended from the Yorkist royal line from active succession calculations.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Demonstrations
London
Spasmodic food riots erupt in London, the south east & the south west
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Triple Alliance
London
Forms a Triple Alliance with France & the Dutch aganist Spain
House · House of Tudor
Hugh Roe O'Donnell
Ulster Alliance Strengthened
Ulster
O'Donnell strengthens cooperation with O'Neill as Gaelic resistance expands into a broader military challenge to English authority in Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
1596 · 5 records
Elizabeth I
Greenwich Anti-Spanish Alliance
Greenwich
Forms an offensive and defensive alliance with Henry IV of France against Spain during the continuing Anglo-Spanish and Franco-Spanish wars.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Greenwich No Separate Peace Clause
Greenwich
Agrees that England and France will not conclude a separate peace or truce with Spain without the consent of the other.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Devereux 2nd Earl of Essex
Capture of Cadiz
Cadiz
Essex's troops storm and occupy Cadiz after the fleet defeats Spanish shipping, inflicting severe losses before the expedition withdraws from the city.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Devereux 2nd Earl of Essex
Cadiz Expedition
Plymouth
Essex sails with a major Anglo-Dutch expedition against Cadiz, combining naval and land forces in a direct strike at Spain's Atlantic military infrastructure.
House · House of Tudor
Martin Padilla Count of Santa Gadea
Second Spanish Armada
Lisbon
Padilla leads a new Spanish Armada intended for the British Isles, but severe Atlantic storms scatter the fleet before it can establish an invasion force.
House · House of Tudor
1597 · 8 records
Edward Squire
Poisoning Attempt on Queen's Saddle
Greenwich
Edward Squire later confesses that he smeared poison on the pommel of Elizabeth's saddle, hoping contact with the treated surface would kill the queen.
House · House of Tudor
Christopher Yelverton
Christopher Yelverton Chosen Speaker
Westminster
Christopher Yelverton becomes Speaker as Parliament addresses war finance, poverty and social legislation during the later Elizabethan period.
House · House of Tudor
Martin Padilla Count of Santa Gadea
Third Spanish Armada
A Coruna
Padilla commands another Spanish invasion fleet toward England, but storms again break up the expedition before its forces can achieve a coordinated landing.
House · House of Tudor
Hugh O'Neill Tyrone, 2nd Earl
Blackwater Fort Pressure
Blackwater
O'Neill intensifies pressure on the English fort at the Blackwater, forcing the government to attempt major relief operations in Ulster.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabethan Vagabonds Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament revises punishment and local administration for rogues and vagabonds while distinguishing different categories of the poor.
House · House of Tudor
Richard Hooker
Hooker Publishes Fifth Book of Polity
London
Hooker publishes the fifth book of his Ecclesiastical Polity, offering an extensive defence of prayer, sacraments and worship in the established Church.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Hospitals for the Poor Act Passed
Westminster
Parliament enables charitable hospitals and houses of correction to be established for poor people and vulnerable dependants.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Poor Relief Administration Reorganised
Westminster
Parliament reorganises poor relief through parish overseers and local taxation, preparing the framework later consolidated in 1601.
House · House of Tudor
1598 · 6 records
Robert Cecil
Westminster Dutch Debt Settlement
Westminster
Helps negotiate a revised alliance with the United Provinces that formally addresses Dutch repayment of the large English wartime debt.
House · House of Tudor
Henry Bagenal
Battle of the Yellow Ford
Yellow Ford
Bagenal's relief army is decisively defeated by O'Neill near the Blackwater, producing one of the crown's worst military reverses in Tudor Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Hugh O'Neill Tyrone, 2nd Earl
Irish Revolt Expands after Yellow Ford
Ireland
O'Neill's victory encourages wider rebellion across Ireland as crown garrisons and allied lords face renewed pressure in several provinces.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Alliance Elizabeth I and The Netherlands
Relinquishes the title Protector but leaves an English brigade under Sir Francis Vere
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Rule of Netherlands, The
Relinquishes the title Protector of The Netherlands
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Treaty of Vervins
Vervins
Henry IV makes peace with Spain. Elizabeth prevents the Dutch from joining the Treaty
House · House of Tudor
1599 · 3 records
Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth I
Spanish Invasion Alert
London
Elizabeth's government mobilises troops and strengthens coastal readiness during a major invasion scare caused by reports that a Spanish fleet is approaching England.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Devereux Essex, 2nd Earl
Essex-O'Neill Truce
County Louth
Essex negotiates a personal truce with O'Neill after an expensive campaign fails to achieve the decisive victory expected by Elizabeth I.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Reballion of Earl of Tyrones
Sends the Earl of Essex to Ireland to suppress the Earl of Tyrones rebellion
House · House of Tudor
1601 · 22 records
Robert Devereux Essex, 2nd Earl
Essex House Conspiracy Meeting
London
Essex and close supporters discuss plans to force access to the queen and remove councillors they believe are destroying his political position.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Devereux Essex, 2nd Earl
Essex Marches through London
London
Essex marches through London with armed supporters, appealing for popular backing but finding little willingness to join his challenge to the government.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Devereux 2nd Earl of Essex
Essex Rebellion
London
Robert Devereux leads armed followers through London after resisting a summons from the council, but public support fails to appear and the rising collapses within hours.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Essex Rebellion
London
Elizabeth ends the Earl of Essexs rebellion
House · House of Tudor
Robert Devereux Essex, 2nd Earl
Essex Surrenders at Essex House
Essex House
Essex returns to his fortified residence and surrenders after the failure to gain broad London support leaves the rising without a viable military strategy.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Devereux Essex, 2nd Earl
Ludgate Blocks Essex Supporters
Ludgate
Government forces hold key approaches through the city, preventing Essex from turning his march into a successful seizure of political control.
House · House of Tudor
Thomas Egerton
Privy Councillors Detained at Essex House
Essex House
Essex's followers detain senior councillors who enter Essex House seeking an explanation for the armed gathering.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Devereux Essex, 2nd Earl
Essex Executed for Treason
Tower of London
Robert Devereux is beheaded after conviction for treason, ending the political career of the favourite whose failed rising challenged Elizabeth I's government.
House · House of Tudor
Juan del Aguila
Spanish Force Lands at Kinsale
Kinsale
A Spanish expedition lands at Kinsale to support the Irish rebellion, forcing crown commanders to concentrate major forces in southern Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
Juan Aguila Don Juan del Aguila
Spanish Landing at Kinsale
Kinsale
Aguila lands a Spanish expeditionary army at Kinsale to support Irish rebels, opening the most serious Spanish military intervention in Elizabethan Ireland.
House · House of Tudor
John Croke
John Croke Chosen Speaker
Westminster
John Croke becomes Speaker of the final Parliament of Elizabeth I and the last Parliament of the Tudor dynasty.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Blount 8th Baron Mountjoy
Siege of Kinsale
Kinsale
Mountjoy surrounds the Spanish-held town of Kinsale and blocks its garrison while Irish forces attempt to assemble a relief army.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Golden Speech Delivered to Parliamentary Delegation
Whitehall Palace
Elizabeth addresses a parliamentary delegation in the Golden Speech, thanking members and presenting mutual affection as the foundation of her rule.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Commons Opens Major Monopolies Debate
Westminster
Members launch sustained criticism of royal patents and monopolies that raise prices or restrict ordinary economic activity.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Final Tudor Parliament Concludes
Westminster
Elizabeth's last Parliament ends after completing legislation on poor relief, taxation and other late-reign concerns.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Blount Mountjoy, 8th Baron
Battle of Kinsale
Kinsale
Mountjoy's forces defeat the Irish relief army outside Kinsale, shattering the rebels' best opportunity to combine effectively with Spanish military support.
House · House of Tudor
Charles Blount 8th Baron Mountjoy
Battle of Kinsale
Kinsale
Mountjoy defeats the Irish relief army outside Kinsale, isolating the Spanish expedition and destroying the coalition's best chance of breaking the siege.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Elizabethan Poor Law Consolidated
Westminster
Parliament consolidates parish poor relief by requiring overseers, local rates and organised support or work for different categories of poor people.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Cecil
Cecil Opens Secret Succession Contact with James
London
Robert Cecil begins discreet communication with James VI, seeking an orderly transfer of authority without forcing Elizabeth to name a successor publicly.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Speech
London
Elizabeth delivers her "golden speech" to the House of Commons
House · House of Tudor
Francis Bacon Verulam, 1st
Treason
London
Convicts Essex of treason, his main rival for the favors of Queen Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
Francis Bacon Verulam, 1st
Trial
London
Convicts Essex of treason, his main rival for the favors of Queen Elizabeth
House · House of Tudor
1602 · 2 records
Juan Aguila Don Juan del Aguila
Surrender of Kinsale
Kinsale
Aguila agrees terms to surrender Kinsale and other Spanish-held positions, ending the principal invasion attempt launched in support of the Irish rebellion.
House · House of Tudor
James VI
James Maintains Direct Correspondence with Elizabeth
Scotland
James continues direct correspondence with Elizabeth while cultivating the relationship that supports his expectation of succeeding peacefully to the English crown.
House · House of Tudor
1603 · 6 records
James VI
Elizabeth Writes James in Final Months
England
Elizabeth writes to James early in her final year, maintaining the diplomatic relationship with the ruler increasingly expected to succeed her.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Death of Elizabeth I
London
Death of Elizabeth I, at Richmond Palace, the last Tudor monarch
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Death of Elizabeth I Ends Tudor Dynasty
Richmond Palace
Elizabeth dies without children, ending direct Tudor rule and activating the succession of the Scottish king descended from Margaret Tudor.
House · House of Tudor
James VI
James VI Proclaimed James I of England
London
James VI of Scotland is proclaimed King James I of England, uniting the crowns through the dynastic line created by Margaret Tudor's marriage.
House · House of Tudor
Robert Cecil
Council Prepares Peaceful Stuart Succession
London
Cecil and senior councillors prepare for a rapid proclamation of James VI as Elizabeth's health deteriorates, reducing the danger of a disputed interregnum.
House · House of Tudor
Elizabeth I
Burial
Westminster Abbey
Elizabeths funeral takes place in Westminster Abbey
House · House of Tudor